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四川射洪县2018高考英语主旨大意+泛读一轮练习（2）及答案【阅读理解----主旨大意】(2016·北京，B)Surviving Hurricane SandyNatalie Doan,14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York.Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house.“It's the ocean that makes Rockaway so special，” she says.On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce.That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard.Fortunately, Natalie's family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city's bridges closed.When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins.Many of Natalie's friends had lost their homes and were living far away.All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly.Natalie's school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.V olunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys.Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild.Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high－rise buildings.“My mom tells me that I can't control what happens to me，” Natalie says.“but I can always choos e how I deal with it.”Natalie's choice was to help.She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down.Within days, Patrick's collection was replaced.In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard.Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much－need supplies to Rockaway.Her efforts made her a famous st April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.Today, the scars(创痕)of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air.The streets are cl ear, and many homes have been rebuilt.“I can't imagine living anywhere but Rockaway，” Natalie declares.“My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”文章大意：这是一篇记叙文。
阅读理解主旨大意题【命题分析】主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一，旨在考查考生对文章大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。
此类题数量较大，在15个题中约占1-2个。
◆主旨大意题的分类1.从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种①篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。
主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段。
②段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。
主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻找或总结。
2.考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种①主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意；②目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的；③标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。
◆设问特点：1.考查全文主旨或段落大意。
2.正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。
3.错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。
4.常以main idea,best idea,subject,mainly discuss等词提问。
◆常考问题：1.中心思想类The main point/idea of the passageis…The passageis mainly about…The passagemainly discusses…The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with…？Which of the following statements best expressesthe main idea of the passage?2.标题类Which of the following is the best title of the passage?The best title for the passagewould be…3.目的类The author’ｓmain purpose in writing the passageis to…The passageis meant to…．In writing this passage,the author mainly intends to…【名师指导】文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况：1.中心主题句出现在文首开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。
高三英语阅读理解---主旨大意（查找、归纳法）解题导入：高考英语阅读理解考纲关于阅读理解部分考纲要求：阅读部分要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2 ）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5 ）理解文章的基本结构；（6 ）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
高考英语阅读理解常见的设题形式有：细节理解题、推理判断题、词意猜测题、主旨大意题。
阅读理解的考题分为客观理解题Facts（文章中客观存在的事实，客观题的答案一般都可以在原文中找到，即文中的具体事实或者抽象概念。
）和主观理解题（Opinions）（这类问题不可能直接从原文中找到答案，需要通过阅读文章对文章主旨和深层含义有更深的理解，并据此进行判断和推理。
）今天主要处理的是主旨大意（归纳法）解题。
阅读策略：主旨大意（查找、归纳法）解题一篇文章一般表达一个中心或主题。
这个中心或主题通常用一个句子来概括，此句叫主题句，这类题主要考查读者把握全文内容或理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析归纳文章段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、写作特点的能力。
一般说来说明文和议论文都有主题句，而且多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。
但有时不能直接在文章中直接找到主题句，在弄清段与段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。
主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性，文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步的解释、说明、论证或拓展。
常见的主旨大意题的考查形式：The text ismainlyabout.The main idea/The general idea/The mainpurposeis. Whatwould be the best title /headline for thetext?This article mainly tells about thestoryof.What is the topic of the text?The subject discussed in thistextis. Whatdoes the second paragraph discuss? Theparagraph (passage)dealswith. What ismainly discussed in thetext?主旨大意范例1. T oday the problem of environment has become more and moreserious.The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded.We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same timewe are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals.The main idea of theparagraphis.2. When you are poor, you can also say you are very happy, because you have somethingelse that can' t be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have more chances to challenge yourself. So you should always say you arehappy.The topic sentence of the paragraphis3. Some people like reading, and some people like swimming. I have many hobbies, such as reading, skating, and traveling. In fact, different people have different hobbies. My friendAnn studies very hard. So her hobby is reading all kinds of books. Tony lovesworkingwith her hands, and his hobby is gardening.The main idea of theparagraphis.4. Goinggreenseems tobefad(时尚)foralotofpeoplethese days. Whether thatisgoodorbad, we can’t really say, but for the tow of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.On April22, 2011, we decided to go green every single day for an entire year. This meant doing 365 different green things, and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond easy things. Rather than recycle and reduce our energy, we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task.What might be the best title for the passage?A．Going Green. B．Protecting thePlanet.C．KeepingOpen-Minded D．Celebrating Our GreenYear.5. 自己需要归纳总结类的主旨类阅读理解Everyone’s at it, even my neighbors. I thought I might be the only person left in the world who hadn’t done an eBay deal. So, I decided to try my hand at online auction( 网上拍卖).Buying for beginners: Sign up on www. ehay. co. uk. Most items (e. g. tables,computers,and books) ready for auction will come with a picture and a short description; others may be markedwith “Buy It Now ” and have a fixed price. You can buy these rightaway.If the item is being auctioned, you offer the highest price you are prepared to pay and eBaybids(出价)for you. The bid will be increased little by little until itgoesbeyond your highest bid, then you are emailed and asked if you would like to bid again. Auctions last up to10days and when they finish you get an email telling you whether you have won theitem.How to pay: Sellers decide how theywould like to be paid and you need to checkthis before placing a bid as you might not want to post a cheque or postal orders. The easiest way is through PayPal, an online payment system that takes the money away from your creditcard (信用).Selling made simple: If you plan to sell on eBay, it helps to include a picture of the item. Ifollowed my friends' advice and put up the items I wanted to sell for a 10-day auction, starringon a Thursday. This way buyers had two weekends to bid.The big things in life: It' s easy to post a small item, but furniture is a big part of eBay andthis has to be collected or sent by deliverymen. Cheek the ways of delivery before you bid.What is the passage mainly about?A. How to makepaymentonline.B. Ways of making deliveryonlineC. Advantages of anonline-auctionsystem.D. How to use an online-auctionsystem.第三部分主旨类解题归纳总结(一)经验总结: 1.把握逻辑结构，提高这方面的能力对于阅读议论文或说明文尤为重要，在此类文章中常用某个细节来引出题目从而进行议论，在议论的过程中可能会出现一些论据或细节描述，这部分常被设置为此类试题的干扰项。
阅读理解-主旨大意二1、 Imagine, one day, getting out of bed in Beijing and being at your office in Shanghai in only a couple of hours,and thereafter a full day of work,going back home to Beijing and having dinner there.Sounds unusual, doesn t it? But it’s not that unrealistic, with the development of China's highspeed railway system. And that’s not all. China has an even greater high-speed railwayplan----to connect the country with Southeast Asia,and eventually Eastern Europe.China is negotiating to extend its own high-speed railway network to up to 17 countries in 10 to 15 years,eventually reaching London and Singapore. China has proposed three such projects. The first would possibly connect Kunming with Singapore via Vietnam and Malaysia. Another could start in Urumqi and go through Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, and possibly to Germany. The third would start in the northeast and go north through Russia and then into Western Europe.If China's plan for the high-speed railway goes forward, people could zip over from London to Beijing in under two days. The new system would still follow China's high-speed railway standard. And the trains would be able to go 346 kilometers an hour, almost as fast as some airplanes. China's bullet train(高速客车),the one connecting Wuhan to Guangzhou,already has the world's fastest average speed. It covers 1,069 kilometers in about three hours. Of course,there are some technical challenges to overcome. There are so many issuevs that need to be settled, such as safety, rail gauge (轨距),maintenance of railway tracks. So,it's important to pay attention to every detail.But the key issue is really money. China is already spending hundreds of billions yuan on domestic railway expansion. China prefers that the other countries pay in natural resources rather than with capital investment. Resources from those countries could stream into China to sustain development. It’ll be a win-win project. For other countries,the railway network will definitely create more opportunities for business, tourism and so on,not to mention the better communicationamong those countries.For China,such a project would not only connect it with the rest of Asia and bring somemuch-needed resources, but would also help develop China’s far west. We foresee that in the coming decades,millions of people will migrate to the western regions, where the land is empty and resources unused. With high-speed trains, people will set up factories and business centers in the west once and for all. And they'll trade with Central Asian and Eastern European countries.1.China s new high-speed railway plan will be a win-win project because .A.China will get much-needed resources and develop its western regionsB.China and the countries involved will benefit from the project in various waysC.China will develop its railway system and communication with other countriesD.the foreign countries involved will develop their railway transportation. business and tourism2.According to the passage, the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is .A.technical issuesB.safety of the systemC.financial problemsD.maintenance of railway tracks3.Which of the following words best describes the author's attitude towards China's high-speed railway plan?A.Critical.B.Reserved.C.Doubtful.D.Positive.4.Which of the following might be thebest title for the passage?A.New Railway StandardsB.Big Railway DreamsC.High-speed Bullet TrainsD.International Railway Network2、MUMBAI – Indian commandos battled into the early hours of Friday to end a multiple hostage crisis in Mumbai after suspected Islamic militants killed 125 people across the city.Officials said they had almost totally cleared the luxury Taj Mahal hotel where gunmen had been held up for more than 24 hours.Indian security forces personnel released hostages from Nariman House in Mumbai. Thirty-nine people were rescued from the five-star Oberoi hotel, where "mopping up(清理火场)" operations were still underway, police said.Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said the militants had come from "outside the country.”The Press Trust of India said one Pakistani militant had been arrested, although Pakistan's government fiercely denied any involvement.Indian media reports said between six and nine foreign nationals were among the dead in Mumbai -- including a Japanese businessman, an Australian, a Briton , a German and an Italian.At least five gunmen had been shot dead and one captured, police said. Fourteen security personnel were also killed, including the head of Mumbai's anti-terror squad.To draw maximum international attention, the militants used small groups to attack a total of about a dozen targets in India's financial hub , including the main railway station, a hospital and a restaurant popular with tourists.An unknown group calling itself the Deccan Mujahedeen claimed responsibility, with one gunman telling an Indian TV channel by phone that the outfit(装备)was of Indian origin and motivated by the treatment of Indian Muslims.Up to 327 people were reported wounded.The main Bombay Stock Exchange was closed until further notice, as were shops, schools and businesses.Prime Minister Singh said the aim had clearly been to spread panic by choosing high profile(知名度高的)targets and "indiscriminately(随心所欲地)killing foreigners. "Witnesses said the gunmen had been very particular in their choice of hotel hostages. "They said they wanted anyone with British and American passports," said one British guest at the Taj Mahal hotel.1.The following statements are NOT true except ________.A.thirty-nine hostages were rescued from the Taj Mahal HotelB.fourteen gunmen were killed in Nariman HouseC.the target of the attack was obviously on Britons and AmericansD.an American was among the killed foreigners2.The best title of this passage can be _______.A.Hostages Released by Indian CommandosB.Mumbai Under Terrorist AttackC.Islamic Militants Attacking Westerners in MumbaiD.Unfortunate Britons and Americans in Mumbai3、If Confucius(孔子) were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles. He’d need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. It’s nothing personal. Most Americans don’t even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.But this doesn’t mean that Americans don’t care about Confucius. In m any ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually included Chinese art, history and philosophy(哲学). Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantages of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Westerners philosophy. Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.So the old thinker’s ideas are still alive and well.Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is.1.The opening paragraph is mainly intended to .A.provide some key facts about ConfuciusB.attract the readers’ interest in the subjectC.show great respect for the ancient thinkerD.prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations2.We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students .A.have a great interest in studying ChineseB.take an active part in Chinese competitionsC.try to get high scores in Chinese examsD.fight for a chance to learn Chinese3.What is the best title for the passage?A.Forgotten Wisdom in AmericaB.Huge Fans of the Chinese LanguageC.Chinese Culture for WesternersD.Old Thinker with a Big Future4.The passage is likely to appear in .A.a biographyB.a history paperC.a newspaperD.a philosophy textbook4、Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on social media for their sense ofself-worth, a major study warned.It found many youngsters(少年)now measure their status by how much public approval they get online, often through “like”. Some change their behavior in real life to improve their image on the web.The report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Children's Commissioner (专员)Anne Longfield. She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school ill-equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13.The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo-opportunities and then messaging friends—and friends of friends —to demand “likes” for their online posts.The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.Children aged 8 to 10 were "starting to feel happy" when others liked their posts. However, those in the 10 to 12 age group were "concerned with how many people like their posts", suggesting a “need” for social recognition that g ets stronger the older they become.Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up "worried about their appearance and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms, and increasingly anxious about switching off due to the constant demands of social media.She said: "Children are using social media with family and friends and to play games when they are in primary school. But what starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school."As their world expanded. she said, children compared themselves to others online in a way that was "hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves".Miss Longfield added: "Then there is this push to connect—if you go offline, will you miss something, will you miss out, will you show that you don't care about those people you are following, all of those come together in a huge way at once.""For children it is very, very difficult to cope with emotionally." The Children's Commissioner for England's study—life in Likes—found that children as young as 8 were using social media platforms largely for play.However, the research—involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12—suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.By the time they started secondary school—at age 11—children were already far more aware of their image online and felt under huge pressure to ensure their posts were popular, the report found.However, they still did not know how to cope with mean-spirited jokes, or the sense of incompetence they might feel if they compared themselves to celebrities(名人)or more brilliant friends online. The report said they also faced pressure to respond to messages at all hours of the day—especially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile phones.The Children’s Commissioner said schools and parents must now do more to prepare children for the emotional minefield(雷区)they faced online. And she said social media companies mustalso "take more responsibility". They should either monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up too early, or they should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.Javed Khan, of children's charity Bamardo's, said: "It's vital that new compulsoryage-appropriate relationship and sex education lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media.“It’s also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.”1.Why did some secondary school students feel too much pressure?A.They were not provided with adequate equipment.B.They were not well prepared for emotional risks.C.They were required to give quick responses.D.They were prevented from using mobile phones.2.Some social app companies were to blame because .A.they didn't adequately check their users' registrationB.they organized photo trips to attract more youngstersC.they encouraged youngsters to post more photosD.they didn't stop youngsters from staying up late3.Children's comparing themselves to others online may lead to .A.less friendliness to each otherB.lower self-identity and confidenceC.an increase in online cheatingD.a stronger desire to stay online4.According to Life in Likes, as children grew, they became more anxious to .A.circulate their posts quicklyB.know the qualities of their postse mobile phones for playD.get more public approval5.What should parents do to solve the problem?municate more with secondary schools.B.Urge media companies to create safer apps.C.Keep track of children’s use of soc ial media.D.Forbid their children from visiting the web.6.What does the passage mainly talk about?A.The influence of social media on children.B.The importance of social media to children.C.The problem in building a healthy relationship.D.The measure to reduce risks from social media.5 、One of the latest trends(趋势) in American childcare is Chinese au pairs. Au Pair in Stamford, Conn, for example, has got increasing numbers of request for Chinese au pairs from zero to around 4,000 since 2004. And that’s true all across the country."I thought it would be useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age," Joseph Stocke, the managing director of a company, says of his 2-year-old son. "I would at least like to give him the chance to use the language in the future." After only six months of being cared by a 25-year-old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions,his dad says. Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had another reason for looking for an au pair from China: She didn't want her children to miss out on their roots. "Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触) the language and culture(文化)," she says."Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom," says Suzanne Flynn, a professor in language education of children. But parents must understand that just one year with an au pair is unlikely to produce wonders. Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12."The popularity of au pairs from China has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children to learn Chinese. It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.1.What does the term “au pair” in the text mean?A.A mother raising her children on her own.B.A child learning a foreign language at home.C.A professor in language education of children.D.A young foreign woman taking care of children.2.Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them ____.A.to live in China some dayB.to speak the language at homeC.to catch up with other childrenD.to learn about the Chinese culture3.What can we infer from the text?A.Learning Chinese is becoming popular in America.cated women do better in looking after children.C.Chinese au pairs need to improve their English skills.D.Children can learn a foreign language well in six months.6、Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight,while the French, who consume rich food,continue to stay thin? Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers concluded that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over.According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their life style. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. The French,instead,tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers’markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal.After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Don’t Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym.In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity—or extreme overweight—among adults is only 6%.However, as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17%—and is growing.1.In what way are the French different from Americans accordingto Dr. Joseph Mercola?A.They go shopping at supermarkets more frequently.B.They squeeze eating between the other daily activities.C.They regard eating as a key part of their life style.D.They usually eat too much canned and frozen food.2.This text is mainly about the relationship between _________.A.Americans and the FrenchB.life style and obesityC.children and adultsD.fast food and overweight3.This text is mainly developed .A.by contrastB.by spaceC.by processD.by classification4.Where does this text probably come from?A.A TV interview.B.A food advertisement.C.A health report.D.A book review.答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.D; 4.B解析：1.根据第5段第5句话“It’ll be a win-win project. For other countries, the railway network will definitely create moreopportunities for business, tourism and so on. not to mention the better communication among those countries. ’’可知。
语文阅读理解的名词解释语文阅读理解是语文教学中的一个重要环节，它要求学生通过阅读文本，理解作者的意图、文本的主旨、以及文本中所蕴含的深层含义。
在进行阅读理解时，学生需要运用自己的知识储备、生活经验和逻辑推理能力，对文本进行深入的分析和理解。
名词解释在阅读理解中占有重要的位置，它涉及到对文本中特定名词的准确理解，这些名词往往是理解文本的关键。
以下是对一些常见的名词解释的详细阐述：1. 主旨大意：指的是文本所要表达的中心思想或主要观点。
在阅读理解中，把握主旨大意是理解全文的基础。
2. 关键词语：在文本中具有特定含义和作用的词语，它们往往是理解文本的关键。
关键词语可能与文本的主题、作者的观点或情感态度紧密相关。
3. 修辞手法：作者在写作过程中为了增强表达效果而采用的语言表达技巧，如比喻、拟人、排比、设问等。
理解修辞手法有助于深入理解文本的内涵。
4. 人物描写：文本中对人物的外貌、性格、心理、行为等方面的描述。
通过人物描写，读者可以更好地理解人物形象和故事情节。
5. 环境描写：对故事发生的场景、背景、氛围等的描绘。
环境描写有助于营造故事情境，增强文本的感染力。
6. 情节发展：故事中事件的进展和变化。
理解情节发展有助于把握故事的脉络和作者的构思。
7. 作者观点：作者在文本中表达的个人看法或主张。
理解作者观点有助于把握文本的深层含义。
8. 文本结构：文本的组织形式和布局，如开头、发展、高潮、结局等。
分析文本结构有助于理解文本的逻辑和层次。
9. 语言风格：作者在写作中所采用的语言特点，如简洁、华丽、幽默、讽刺等。
语言风格反映了作者的写作风格和个性。
10. 文化背景：文本中所涉及的历史、地理、社会、习俗等方面的背景知识。
了解文化背景有助于更好地理解文本的深层含义。
在进行语文阅读理解时，对这些名词的准确理解和运用是至关重要的。
通过深入分析和理解这些名词，学生可以更好地把握文本的主旨，理解作者的意图，从而提高自己的阅读理解能力。
阅读理解中的主旨大意题解题思路阅读理解中的主旨大意题是考察考生对文章主题和中心思想的理解
能力。
解答此类题目，需要阅读者通过对文章的整体理解和细节把握，确定文章的中心思想或主题。
下面是解答主旨大意题的一般思路。
1. 全文理解法
全文理解法是最直接的方法，通过通读全文，了解文章内容的总体
概况和主要论点，可以帮助我们捕捉到文章的主要中心思想。
这种方
法适合对篇幅较短的文章进行解答。
2. 首尾呼应法
既然主旨大意是整篇文章的中心思想，那么通常会在文章的开头或
结尾部分进行暗示。
我们可以通过关注文章的开头和结尾，并注意其
中论点的呼应和延伸，来确定文章的主旨大意。
3. 重点把握法
在阅读文章过程中，关注作者的观点陈述和细节描述，以及出现的
关键词汇、论证思路等，这些都是找寻文章主旨大意的关键信息。
通
过抓住文章的重点内容，我们可以更加准确地把握文章的主题和中心
思想。
4. 段落主题法
文章通常会由多个段落组成，每个段落都有自己的主题。
通过分析
每个段落的主题，并把握段落之间的逻辑关系，可以从整体上把握文
章的中心思想。
5. 题干引导法
有时候，题干中会明确要求考生回答文章的主题或中心思想，我们
可以通过题目中给出的关键词来回溯文章，找到相关的信息，从而确
定文章的主旨大意。
总之，解答主旨大意题的关键在于对整篇文章进行全面理解和细致
分析。
考生需要通过充分掌握文章的结构、论点、观点和细节等要素，以及灵活运用各种解题思路，来准确把握文章的中心思想。
阅读理解：主旨大意（二）AYou might think that “global warming” means nothing more than a rise in the world's temperature. But rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the first evacuation (撤离) of an island nation. The citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland.During the 20th century, sea level rose 812 inches. As a result, Tuvalu has experienced lowland flooding of salt water that has polluted the country's drinking water.Paani Laupepa, a Tuvaluan government official, reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years. Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions (减少温室效应气体排放), which are a main cause of global warming. “By refusing to sign the agreement, the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluans to live where their forefathers have lived for thousands of years，” Laupepa told the BBC.Tuvalu has asked Australia and New Zealand to allow the gradual move of its people to both countries.Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable (易受影响的) to rising sea levels. Maumoon Gayoon, president of the Maldives, told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311,000 an “endangered nation”．篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。
主旨大意题学案I.教学内容：主旨大意题解题方法II.教学目标：通过这堂课，学生能分析文章篇章结构、归纳文章要点、概括中心思想Part 1 自主探究I.命题规律：近五年四川卷主旨大意题量统计：2010年2个，2011年2个，2012年3个，2013年0个，2014年4个。
因此，对于主旨大意题的考查数量趋于平衡，几乎每年都有1-2题，但解题使需要对文章的主旨大意进行综合、归纳和推断，这一点在未来的高考中也不会改的。
II.知识清单：主旨大意题主要考查学生能否分辨主题和细节、是否具备提纲挈领的能力即是否能在理解全文的基础上运用概括、推断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结。
1.主旨大意题常见的设问方式：（1）Which of the following can be the best title/topic/headline of this passage?(2) The passage is mainly about _________________.(3) From the passage we can learn/conclude that _____________________.(4) What can we learn from paragraph 3 /paragraph 2/last two paragraphs?(5)The main idea\key point of this passage is that _______________.(6). What is the purpose of the passage?(7)Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?2.寻找主题句（1）根据转折连词或部分标志性词句来总结文章主题（如but，yet，however ，on the whole, as a result, in short, therefore, thus, I agree with the opinionthat….;Given all these points above, I would support the idea that….; For all the reasons mentioned above, I would prefer…（2）主题句定位法：①正三角形写作法(△)即主题句在文首。
开门见山，提出主题，用细节来支撑②倒三角形写作法(▽)即主题句在文尾。
表述细节后，归纳概括主题③圆形写作法(○)即首尾呼应的写作方法。
先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主④正方形写作法(□)即中心主题句隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句3.概括，归纳中心思想：略读（skimming）是概括、归纳中心思想的重要手段，略读时，注意文章首尾段，每段首尾句，其他内容略过，将注意力集中在名词、形容词、数词、动词和副词等实词上，并对关键词进行加工，筛选出最能表达作者意图的关键词及概念。
4.标题：标题是段落中心思想的精炼表达形式。
阅读中，通过已知的信息概括出中心思想，在将中心思想加以提炼，拟定标题。
Part two 即讲即练A(2011年江苏卷) We know the famous ones—the Thomas Edison and the Alexander Graham Bells–what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper (雨刷器)？Shouldn’t we know who they are?1. Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage?A. How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions?B. How to Design a Built-in Device for Cleaning the Window?C. Shouldn’t We Know the less Famous Inventors？D. Shouldn’t We Develop Invention Courses in Universities?B(全国E篇) Most people want to know how things are made. They honestly admit, however, that they hardly know a thing when it comes to understanding how a piece of music is made. Where a composer (作曲家) begins, how he manages to keep going -- in fact, how and where he learns his trade--all are covered in complete darkness. The composer, in short, is a man of mystery (神秘).2. What would be the best title for the text? ______A. Composer: a man of mysteryB. Practice makes good musicC. Relation between sleeping and musicD. Music: product of natureCPeople have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast--foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.3. Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea of the paragraph?A. Some people like steak and others like red meat.B. Vegetables are very healthy to you.C. Food prepara tion has a lot to do with people’s tastes.D. Different people have different tastes in food.D……………………If you buy some well-made clothes, you can save money because they can last longer. They look good even after they have been washed many times. Sometimes some clothes cost more money, but it does not mean that they are always better made, or they always fit(合身) better. In other words, some less expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes.4. We learn from the passage that cheaper clothes________.A. are always worse madeB. must be dry-cleanedC. can sometimes fit you betterD. cannot be washedEKleptomania(盗窃癖) is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. Such a person is not really a thief. They are sick and cannot help themselves. All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions. People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them. With medical help they may become normal citizens again. The things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value.They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them.5.What is the topic of the text?A. Young Thieves.B. An Unusual Illness.C. Reasons for StealingD. A Normal Child’s ActionsF On the Internet, we can read news at home and abroad and get as much information as we can. We often send e-mails or make telephone calls to our families as well as to our friends by I nternet. What’s more, we can go to school on the net, read a lot of books and even teach ourselves foreign languages. We also enjoy music, watch ball matches on the net and play computer games. With the help of the net, we can do shopping even without leaving our homes. The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life.6. What’s the main idea of the passage？________A. Keep away from the Internet.B. Surf the net.C. The Internet is playing an important part in our daily life.D. We can entertain ourselves on the Internet.G2011 江西卷）Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup(基因构成) as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into possible areas and environments ? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.7.What is the reason for exploring space based on paragraph 2?A. humans are nature-born to do so.B. human have the tendency to fight.C. human may find new sources of food.D. human don’t like to stay in the same placePart three综合演练AAnimals can move from place to place, but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back.. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means.Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines (刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animal's teeth.Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals.When a caterpillar (毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China, for instance, has prickly (多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom (毒液) A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.8. The holly plant has more spines on the lower leaves because most animals_____.A. are not tall enoughB. like the lower leaves onlyC. are not clever enoughD. can get the lower leaves easily9. To defend themselves, oak trees use ______.A. chemical meansB. physical meansC. bitter chemicalsD. sandy materials10. How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar?A. Its leaves fight against the attack by physical means.B. Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.C. Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.D. Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away.11. What would be the best title for this passage?A. Plants and AnimalsB. How Plants Defend ThemselvesC. Attacks and DefensesD. How animals eat plant leavesB Many of the customs that are popular at weddings today date back to hundreds of years ago. Most of us don' t know the reasons anymore but people today follow them because they are good fun.Today the bride (新娘) carries flowers but long ago she carried strong-smelling grass. This was to frighten away the evil spirits and to cover the smell of people who do not wash often. People also used to believe that the bride brought good luck, so they would try to get something from her. Today, the bride will offer the guests some good luck by throwing the flowers to them after the wedding. It is said that if you catch the flowers, you will be the next one to get married. Of course, many of the single girls at a wedding try to catch the flowers.In early times, the bridesmaids (伴娘) and the bride all wore similar dresses. This was to confuse the evil spirits. Now bridesmaids still wear similar dresses but the bride wears a different dress that is often white. Many brides wear veils (面纱) over their faces. This comes from a time when the young couple was not allowed to see each other before the wedding. The families were afraid that the groom might not like the bride. So he was only allowed to lift her veil just before the wedding. By this time it was too late to refuse to marry her.Brides often wear "something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue". In earlier times, if the bride didn' t do this, she felt she would be in danger from the evil spirits. Wearing "something old " represents the journey between being single and being married. "Something new" represents the change from being a child to being an adult. "Something borrowed" means if you borrow something from a happily married couple, it will bring you good luck. And "something blue" comes from a time when the edge of the bride's dress was blue which represented purity.12、The passage mainly tells us .A. today' s wedding customsB. the history of wedding customsC. why brides wear veilsD. what brides wear at weddings13、Why did the bride carry strong-smelling grass in the past?A. To keep the evil spirits and the unpleasant smell of some people away.B. To cover the unpleasant smell of her.C. To bring good luck to the bridesmaids.D. To throw it exactly to the one she wanted to give.14、What do we know about the wedding customs in the past from the third paragraph?A. The bridesmaids wore completely different dresses from the brides.B. The bridesmaids also needed to wear veils over their faces.C. The groom could refuse to marry his bride if he didn' t like her.D. The groom and the bride didn' t see each other until the wedding~15、Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. In order to avoid evil spirits, the bride had to wear her veil.B. In wedding customs, blue is the symbol of purity.C. Single girls are very happy to catch the bride' s flowers.D. The bride and her bridesmaids dressed similarly to avoid being recognized by evil spirits.16、All of the following are mentioned in this passage EXCEPT .A. brides' flowersB. brides' clothesC. grooms' clothesD. brides' veilsCA long time ago a baby was born to a poor family. His future looked sad as he grew to see a poor life before him. He joined the army as a common soldier and was wounded so seriously that he never regained the use of his left arm.He later failed to find a good job and was even sent to prison by his debtor two times. He continued to take no notice of the law and struggled just to survive.But, despite his poor life, he never let go of his dream of writing a book. He wrote a beautiful story which came from his heart' s deepest dreams and desires. It has moved generations of people over the world ever since. It is about a man who saw the world differently from anyone else. Though written in suffering, the book is an encouraging tale of irrepressible ( 十分强烈的) hope. This man' s story has been put to music, adapted for film, and translated into lots of languages. It remains a bestseller after some 400 years. The author is Miguel de Cervantes and the book is Don Quixote de La Mancha.Perhaps Cervantes himself believed that the world "sees people as they are. I see them as they can be !" If Cervantes never had finished such a good work, he would not have seen some potential (潜质) within himself that was hidden from the rest of the world. He has taught others that great truth: What we see will come to be.Some see themselves as they are, others as they can be. But when we look beyond the present reality, sad as it may seem, and set our sights upon the best that is within a situation or a human being, then, too, what we see will come to be. And we'll know the power of hope.17. According to the passage, Miguel de Cervantes .A. managed to live within the limit of the lawB. was a disabled man when he was bornC. was very brave to fight in the warD. was taken to prison for owing others money18. From the passage, we know Don Quixote de La Mancha is a bookabout .A. the unhappy life of Cervantes himselfB. a man with different ideas about the worldC. how a person writes film and musicD. a man who can speak many languages19. Why does the book remain a bestseller after 400 years according to the passage.?A. Because it was written by a famous writer.B. Because it has been translated into several languages.C. Because it tells readers the power of hope is strong.D. Because it' s based on the writer' s life experiences.20. What is the best title for the passage?A. The power of hopeB. The life of a poor manC. The dream of a poor boyD. The secret of successPart four 总结升华主旨大意题突破方法：1.仔细审题，看清范围，搞清问某一段还是全文的主旨。
