下载文档原格式
学员编号: 年级: 课时数:学员姓名: 辅导科目: 英语学科教师:学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：授课类型 C 中考冲刺（阅读理解之主旨大意解题技巧）星级★★教学目标掌握选标题和文章内容主旨题答题技巧C 中考冲刺（阅读理解之主旨大意解题技巧）（建议2-5分钟）A Private ConversationLast week I went to the theatre.I had a very good seat.The play was very interesting.I did not enjoy it.A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me.They were talking loudly.I got very angry.I could not hear the actors.I turned round.I looked at the man and the woman angrily.They did not pay any attention.In the end, I could not bear it.I turned round again.'I can't hear a word!' I said angrily.'It's none of your business,' the young man said rudely.'This is a private conversation!'Questions:1.Tell me the title of this short passage?2.Tell me the main idea of this short passageKEYSTitle: A Private ConversationThe main idea: The writer was misunderstood by a young man and a young woman who was talking at cinema批注:本部分导入目的是为了让学生搞清title/main idea之间的区别, 以便于“夺宝奇兵”部分的讲解Title:An identifying name given to a book, play, film, musical composition, or other work/A general or descriptive heading, as of a book chapter.Main idea: the main contents of the passage, a book, play, film, musical composition, or other work（建议20-25分钟）1I、选择最恰当的标题(to choose the best title)想象一下, 你的中文作文如何拟定一个标题？1.概括文章的主要内容（13年崇明）What was school like in ancient times? In Greece, 2,500 years ago, students used to get up at dawn to go to school.Classes began very early and ended when it was dark.Students didn’t rest on the weekends.They had classes seven days a week, so they didn’t have much time for anything else.In Athens, only the sons of rich people went to school, and they started school around the age of seven.After they learned to read and write, they used to study Greek poems and historical works.Music was very important, and physical training was also important.Teachers used to hit students who didn’t pay attention or were lazy.Girls stayed at home with their mothers and learned how to do housework in the home.In ancient Rome, boys and girls from wealthy families received a bilingual (双语) education.They had to study Greek and Latin.Students usually had classes outside, if the weather was good, or in the teacher’s house.Young students sat on the floor.Older students used to sit on benches, higher up.That’s how “high school”got its name. Education was very important to the ancient Aztecs of Mexico.Boys and girls used to attend school, but they were kept in different classes.They learned Aztec history, myths, and rituals, but they memorized (记住) everything because there weren’t any textbooks.The boys received intensive military training, and the girls learned how to manage the home and the family.There were two kinds of schools: one for children of rich families and another for children of ordinary families.79. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?A) Schools in Ancient Times B) Greek Poems and MusicC) Bilingual Education in Rome D) Schools in Ancient MexicoTell me the main idea of every paragraph:The first paragraph:The second paragraph:The third paragraph:批注: 答案: AThe first paragraph:What was school like in ancient times?The second paragraph: In ancient Rome, boys and girls from wealthy families received a bilingual(双语) education.The third paragraph: Education was very important to the ancient Aztecs of Mexico.本部分虽然有所介绍, 但是所占篇幅比较少。
如何做中考英语阅读理解的主旨大意题一篇文章、一个段落通常是围绕一个中心或话题所展开的。
阅读一篇文章或段落，首先，必须弄清其中心思想和大意。
考纲明确规定：要求掌握所读材料的主旨大意、中心思想。
此类试题主要考查考生的归纳、概括等方面的能力。
此类试题又分为两小类：一是主题类试题，二是标题类试题。
例如：The world is not only hungry, but it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 70% of the earth’s surface is covered with water. But about 97% of that is sea water, or salt water. Man can only drink and use the other 3% —the fresh water from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources. And we cannot even use all of that. Even worse, some of it has been made dirty.However, as things stand today, this fresh water is still enough for us. But our need for water is becoming larger and larger quickly almost day by day. We should take steps to do with this problem now and in this way we can get away from a serious world-wide water shortage(短缺) later on.We all have to learn how to stop wasting our valuable water. One of the first steps is to develop ways of reusing it. Today in most large cities, water is used only once and then sent out into a sewer system(系统). From there it returns to sea or runs into underground places.But even if every large city reused its water, we still would not have enough. All we'd have to do to make use of sea water in the world is to remove the salt. If we take these steps we’ll be in no danger of drying up.(天津中考试题)1. The world is thirsty for water because ____.A. man hasn’t got enough food to eatB. we haven’t got enough fresh waterC. only 70% of the earth's surface is waterD. more water is sent into sewer systems2. The underlined word valuable means ____.A. much and saltyB. fresh and enoughC. dear and usefulD. clean and helpful1。
主旨大意解题技巧每篇文章都有一个主旨大意。
主旨大意题对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。
文章主旨大意一般有四种呈现形式：文首、文中、文尾、不明确给出(需要总结)。
做这种题要掌握以下技巧：通读文章，重点把握首末段、首末句；作者反复强调的观点或文章中多次出现的词句通常是主旨；注意文中therefore, thus, but, however, in short, to sum up等表达转折或总结的词语。
主旨大意题是对整篇文章或者文章中个别段落大意的概括，属于高难度、高区分度的题目。
常见的提问方式是：What is the text mainly about?或Which of the following can be the best title for the text?方法1 文章大意总结法文章大意，就是对整篇文章的主旨大意进行提炼概括。
主要考查学生对整篇文章主旨大意的理解归纳能力。
When accepting gifts, rules are different here in China and in the west.Anna Scheen, from the Netherlands, was puzzled(困惑的) when she gave a present to her Chinese friends for the first time. "They refused to accept it two or three times, and when they finally accepted, they didn't open it. They just took it and put it away. After that, I never heard about it again. They never mentioned whether they liked it or not." she said.In the west, it is polite to open a wrapped (包装好的) gift in front of the giver and say thanks. However, the situation is different in China. People usually open the gift after the giver has left. Opening a gift in front of the giver is regarded as impolite.The main idea of the passage is about ______.A. the different rules of accepting presentsB. how to give a gift in ChinaC. how to choose a good giftD. the western rules of accepting giftsStep1：分析理解题干及选项：结合题干可知本题考查点为文章主旨大意，选项含义A. 接受礼物的不同规则B. 如何在中国送礼物C. 如何选择好的礼物D. 西方接受礼物的规则；Step2：分析各段段落大意：第一段总起引出话题，指出中西方在接受礼物时有不同的规则；第二段和第三段分别介绍了中国和西方国家在接受他人礼物时所表现出的不同。
2023年河南中考英语阅读理解主旨大意题的解题步骤如下：1. 浏览全文，了解文章的大意和语境。
2. 仔细阅读题目，理解题目要求，确定答题方向。
3. 再次阅读文章，抓住文章的重点和主旨，可以注意文章的首句、末句、段首、段末等关键位置。
4. 对比选项，选出最符合文章主旨的答案。
在解题时，需要注意以下几点：1. 不要过度自我解释，要尽量按照文章的原意进行理解和判断。
2. 注意文章的逻辑关系，通过诸如因果关系、比较关系、转折关系等逻辑来看出文章的内容。
3. 注意题目的关键词，理解题目的要求和考查点，不要偏离主题。
4. 在确定答案时，要确保答案的准确性和完整性。
总之，解答阅读理解主旨大意题需要考生全面、准确地理解文章，并且能够运用逻辑推理和分析判断能力来推断出正确答案。
5. 学会归纳和总结。
在确定答案时，要确保答案的准确性和完整性。
如果时间允许，可以重新阅读全文，检查自己的答案是否合理、准确。
6. 积累词汇和语法知识。
阅读理解不仅需要词汇和语法的积累，还需要对英语表达习惯和文化的了解。
因此，考生需要在平时的学习中多积累词汇和语法知识，并且多阅读英语文章，提高自己的语言能力和阅读理解能力。
7. 培养自己的阅读习惯。
阅读理解能力的提高需要长期的积累和实践，因此考生需要培养自己的阅读习惯，多阅读英语文章，提高自己的阅读速度和理解能力。
总之，解答阅读理解主旨大意题需要考生全面、准确地理解文章，并且能够运用逻辑推理和分析判断能力来推断出正确答案。
同时，考生还需要在平时的学习中多积累词汇和语法知识，并且多阅读英语文章，提高自己的语言能力和阅读理解能力。
中考英语阅读主旨大意题解题技巧命题形式主要有：常见的主旨大意题的考查形式：The text is mainly about ____.The main idea/The general idea/The main purpose is ______.What’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the last/xx paragraph?What would be the best title /headline for the text?This article mainly tells about the story of ____.What is the topic of the text?The subject discussed in this text is ____.What does the second paragraph discuss?The paragraph (passage) deals with _____.What is mainly discussed in the text?解题技巧。
1.先看问题，看是否有和主旨相关的题目，了解题目类别和提问方式。
2.再看文章首尾和各段开头，找出主题句或通过浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨。
3.以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气或意图等其他深层次问题。
4、这类题目需要对文章有整体性的把握，建议最后做一、文章或者某段落的主旨大意——主题句定位法：通过分析篇章结构，找出每一小段的主题句，然后通过寻找共同点，找出整个文章的主题句。
主题呈现的方式：1．开门见山式：主题句出现在文首。
In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad，that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.题目：What does this passage mainly talk about？petition helps to set up self-respect.B.Opinions about competition are different among people.petition is harmful to personal quality development.D. Failures are necessary experience in competition.2．藏头露尾式：主题句出现在文尾On the Internet, we can read news at home and abroad and get as much information as we can. We often send e-mails or make telephone calls to our families as well as to our friends by Internet. What’s more, we can go to school on the net, r ead a lot of books and even teach ourselves foreign languages. We also enjoy music, watch ball matches on the net and play computer games. With the help of the net, we can do shopping even without leaving our homes. The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life.题目：What’s the main idea of the passage？A. Keep away from the Internet.B. Surf the net.C. The Internet is playing an important part in our daily life.D. We can entertain ourselves on the Internet.3．首尾呼应式：在有些文章中，为了突出主题，作者在文章开头提出主题，接着进行阐述或论证，在结尾时再次点出主题。
如何做中考英语阅读理解的主旨大意题一篇文章、一个段落通常是围绕一个中心或话题所展开的。
阅读一篇文章或段落，首先，必须弄清其中心思想和大意。
考纲明确规定：要求掌握所读材料的主旨大意、中心思想。
此类试题主要考查考生的归纳、概括等方面的能力。
此类试题又分为两小类：一是主题类试题，二是标题类试题。
例如：The world is not only hungry, but it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 70% of the earth’s surface is covered with water. But about 97% of that is sea water, or salt water. Man can only drink and use the other 3% — the fresh water from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources. And we cannot even use all of that. Even worse, some of it has been made dirty.However, as things stand today, this fresh water is still enough for us. But our need for water is becoming larger and larger quickly almost day by day. We should take steps to do with this problem now and in this way we can get away from a serious world-wide water shortage(短缺) later on.We all have to learn how to stop wasting our valuable water. One of the first steps is to develop ways of reusing it. Today in most large cities, water is used only once and then sent out into a sewer system(系统). From there it returns to sea or runs into underground places.But even if every large city reused its water, we still would not have enough. All we'd have to do to make use of sea water in the world is to remove the salt. If we take these steps we’ll be in no danger of drying up.(天津中考试题)1. The world is thirsty for water because ____.A. man hasn’t got enough food to eatB. we haven’t got enough fresh waterC. only 70% of the earth's surface is waterD. more water is sent into sewer systems2. The underlined word valuable means ____.A. much and saltyB. fresh and enoughC. dear and usefulD. clean and helpful3. What should we do if we want to have enough fresh water?(a) Make full use of the sea water.(b) Carry salt water into lakes or rivers.(c) Try to save the fresh water as much as possible.(d) Do our best to use the water again.(e) Drink and use all the water on the earth’s surface.A.(c) and(e)B.(a) and(d)C.(a),(c) and(d)D.(b),(d) and(e)4. The best but the most difficult way to solve(解决) the water problem of the world is to ____.A. remove the salt from sea waterB. make the water in cities cleanC. take water from undergroundD. make the need for water smaller5. What’s the best title for this passage?A. The Importance of WaterB. The World’s Water ProblemC. The Thirsty WorldD. Fresh Water and Sea Water(Key: 1—5 BCCAB)主题类试题命题的方式有：1. The main point of the passage is …2. The passage deals mainly with(主要讨论) …3. The main idea of the passage may be best expressed as …4. The main subject of the passage is that …5. What’s the main idea / subject / topic of the passage?6. The passage is(mainly) about …7. What does the passage(mainly) discuss?8. The topic of Paragraph … is …标题类试题命题的方式有：1) The best title for this passage can be …2) The paragraph could be entitled(标题) …3) Which of the following can be the title of this passage?4) A good / suitable(合适的) title for this passage would be …5) Choose a best title for the passage.解答此类试题的要领：1. 善于把握文章或段落的主题句(Topic Sentence)，主题句一般位于文(段)首或文(段)尾。
2023最新中学英语中学阅读理解之“主旨大意”题解题指导2023最新中学英语中学阅读理解之"主旨大意"题解题指导中学英语中的阅读理解是中考、高考及其他英语考试中必不可少的一项，而"主旨大意"也是其中最重要的一种题型。
下面是针对"主旨大意"题型的一些解题指导：1. 阅读全文在做"主旨大意"题之前，必须先仔细阅读全文，理解文章大意，掌握文中的重点信息和论点。
只有掌握了文章的关键信息，才能准确找到文章的主旨大意。
2. 标注文章重点在阅读过程中，可以在文章中标注出重要的信息，比如关键词、段落大意等。
这样可以帮助我们更好地理解文章，并提高找出主旨大意的准确性和效率。
3. 分析文章结构文章的结构往往是我们找出主旨大意的关键因素之一。
在分析文章结构时，需要注意文章的标题、开头、结尾以及段落之间的逻辑关系等。
通过分析这些因素，可以更好地理解文章，并找出文章的主旨大意。
4. 注意文章的语气和态度文章的语气和态度也是我们找出主旨大意的一个重要的因素。
通过分析语气和态度，可以更好地理解文章的观点、论证方式等，从而找出文章的主旨大意。
5. 不要死扣细节在做主旨大意题时，一定不要将注意力过多集中在细节上。
虽然细节可以帮助我们更好地理解文章，但如果过于死扣细节，反而会影响我们找出主旨大意的准确性和效率。
以上就是关于中学英语中阅读理解主旨大意题的解题指导，希望可以对大家有所帮助。
在实践中，要多加练习，不断反思总结，相信大家可以在阅读理解中取得更好的成绩！。
主旨大意题解题指导(2016.06)主旨大意题是中考阅读理解的主要题型之一，旨在考查考生对段落大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。
该题也是中考阅读中的重点和难点，这类题往往针对段落或短文的subject(主题)、main idea(中心思想)、title(题目)或purpose(目的)来命题。
因为词汇、句式、文化背景等原因，有相当一部分同学对文章的理解会出现一定偏差，从而不能很好地解答这类题目。
这类题的解题关键是采用快速阅读法浏览全文，寻找文章的关键词或中心句。
关键词即在文中频繁出现的词；中心句通常出现在文章的开头、结尾部分和各个段落的首尾。
因为考生需要读完全文才能把握文章主旨，解答此类题时，不妨把它作为最后一道来做。
主旨大意题常见的提问方式有下列几种：1. What’s th e topic of the article?2. What is the passage mainly about?3. What’s the main idea of the passage?4. What can we learn from the passage?5. What is the best title/headline for this passage?6. The writer’s purpose in writing this story is ______.7. In the passage the author wants to tell ______.那么如何解这类题呢？下面，结合今年中考试题以及多年的教学经验，提供一些基本的方法来帮助大家。
一、设问方式有哪些？大意类：1. What is the passage mainly about?2. The main idea of the passage is _____.3. The first/second/last ... paragraph is mainly about _____.标题类：1. What is the best title for the passage?2. The best title for this passage might be _____.3. The best headline for this passage could be _____.目的型：1. The author’s main purpose is to _____.2. The passage is meant to _____.3. The purpose of this article is to _____.二、高分攻略看过来！每篇文章都有它的写作结构，如果我们能抓住文章的结构，找到文章的主题句，就能轻而易举地把握文章的中心大意，所以找准主题句，对于获取文章大意尤其重要。
1. 寻找主题句一般来说，文章的主题句有以下几种位置：(1) at the beginning (2) at the end(3) at the beginning and at the end (4) in the middle of the passage(5) no clear topic sentence2. 排除干扰项一般来说，干扰项有以下特点：(1) 主观臆测，并非作者的观点(2) 范围过大，过于笼统(3)范围过小，以偏概全(4) 文中未提及，找不到出处三、考查类型及解题技巧有哪些？1. 段落大意类【例1：内蒙古呼和浩特】For just $38, you can help one person see; for $380, 10 people can see; $1,300 helps train a doctor new skills; and for $13,000 you can provide a training program for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again. Your love can help them open their eyes to the world.The last paragraph is mainly about _____.A. how much a training program for a group of doctors costsB. why ORBIS needs your help to continue their workC. who can make thousands of blind people see againD. what you can do to help blind people open their eyes【解析】D。
段落举出几个例子，说明不同的金钱额度可以为盲人做到的事情。
A和C选项分别是其中某一例子，不能概括全段。
B选项的意思是ORBIS需要你的帮助，借此呼吁读者，故B选项不正确。
【解题方法】提取关键词。
关键词是在文章或段落中反复出现，甚至其它说明内容都为之服务的词语。
段落中重复出现的词语有you, can, help (以及provide，在此表达意义相近)。
找到关键词，我们就会发现，该段落的每一句话都站在读者“你”的角度，以“你能做某事来帮助盲人”为句子中心，呼吁读者做出自己的贡献。
然后再综合四个选项，只有D选项包含了全部三个关键词。
【例2：山东烟台卷】Thomas Edison lit up the world with his invention of the electric light. Without him, the world might still be in the dark. However, the electric light was not his only invention. He also invented the motion picture camera and over 1,200 other things. About every two weeks he created something new.Thomas Edison was born in 1847. He attended school for only three months. His mother taught him at home, but Thomas was mostly self-educated. He started experimenting at a young age.When he was 12 years old, he got his first job. He became a newsboy on a train. He did experiments on the train in his spare time. Unluckily, his first work experience did not end well. They fired him when he accidentally set fire to the floor of the train. Then Edison worked for five years as a telegraph operator, but he continued to spend much of his time in experimenting his first patent in 1868 for a vote recorder run by electricity.Thomas Edison was totally deaf in one ear and hard of hearing in the other, but he thought of his deafness as a blessing in many ways. It kept conversations short, so that he could have more time for work. He always worked 16 out of every 24 hours. Sometimes his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat.Thomas Edison died at the age of 84. He left a great many inventions that greatly improved the quality of life all over the world.What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The function of the electric light.B. Edison and his experiments.C. The importance of inventions.D. The whole life of Edison.【解析】D。
此题考查文章的大意。
综观文章结构，它不属于上面所说的任何一种。
但细读文章能发现，每一段都有明确的时间：第2段Thomas Edison was born in 1847；第3段When he was 12 years old, he got his first job；第5段Thomas Edison died at the age of 84。
由此可以看出本文讲的是爱迪生的人生经历，所以答案选D。
其他三个选项都是片面的，犯了以偏概全的错误。
A和C只在第一段中提到，而且没有指明是爱迪生的发明；B选项，只提出爱迪生和他的实验，没有包括文章的主要内容—爱迪生的人生经历。
2. 文章标题类【例3：山东德州】Green is an important color in nature. It is ... It is ...Sometimes, the word “green” means young, fresh and growing. For example ... In the 15th century ... A century later ... By the 18 th century ...Someone who is good at growing plants is said to have a green thumb (大拇指). The expression ... A person with a green thumb ... The Green Revolution (绿色革命) is …Green is also the color used to describe the powerful feeling. Jealousy (嫉妒). The green eyed monster ... It is ... It …In most places in the world, a green light is a signal (信号) to move ahead. In everyday speech, a green light means approval (赞成) to continue with a project.Which would be the best title of the passage?A. Green, the color of grass and treesB. The stories about the color “green”C. Green, a sign of approvalD. Different meanings of “green”【解析】D。
