阅读理解之主旨大意型考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。
一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题,标题或目的设题。
一、设题方式1) 主题型主旨大意题的题干表现形式：The main idea of the passage is …The passage is mainly about …What is the passage mainly about?Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?2) 目的类主旨大意题The passage is meant to …The purpose of this article is to …The author intends to...3) 标题类主旨大意题The best title for the passage might be …The most appropriate title of the passage is________.二、如何做主旨大意题1) 主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。
如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。
2) 找准文章的主题句是关键。
“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。
在答题时，我们可以：读首句抓大意读尾句抓大意读首尾段抓大意3.) 无明显主题句时高频信息词任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。
抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。
Sample 1People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast--foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.（1）主题句在段首一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。
在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。
Sample 2Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. Not a single teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. （2）主题句也会出现在段尾。
作者先摆出事实依据，层层推理论证，最后自然得出结论，即段落的主题。
本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现，它是此段内容的结论。
Sample 3Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes, “ It was seeing people with snakes bites that led me to the career.” Shu said…...“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes.” Shu said.（3）首尾呼应为突出主题, 作者先提出主题, 结尾时再次点出主题, 这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见. 通常, 前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复, 后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味.Sample 4Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.（4）在短文中间当主题句被安排在段中间时, 通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展.主题句在短文中间1)关注一些表征强转折关系的连词“but, yet, however, in fact, indeed,”等，这些词后面连接的通常都是一段话的主题句。
2) 关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词：“in brief/short, above/in/after/all in all, conclusion, in a word”等，这些词后面连接的通常也都是一段话的主题句。
3) 如果主题句含有show, indicate和suggest等词，重点看其后的宾语从句。
Sample 5A new eight-kilometer road is under construction that links the port area with motorway system…As part of the project, two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city, … The two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide, providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction.In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel. The lighting is at the top of the tunnel, … The wall is made up of four main elements, which include a waterproofing covering and, on the inside of the tunnel, a concrete lining. Each tunnel is roughly round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat. … along the length of the tunnel. The fire main is at the side of the tunnel and at the level of the road surface. Other systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones.● Sample 5(5) 从段落中寻找高频率词任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词The passage is mainly about _____.A. the construction of a roadB. the design of a roadC. the construction of two railwaysD. the design of two tunnelsPractice1.Lung cancer is the worst cancer killer in America . About 160,440 Americans die each year from it. More than 87 percent of lung cancers are smoking related, according to the Lung Cancer Organization.①The main idea of the passage is ___.A.Lung cancer is the No.1 cancer killerB.Smoking is a bad habitC.LCO advises people to stop smokingD.Why did people die of Lung cancer?2.Lacrosse(曲棍球) is a popular sport in Canada. The Indians in Canada invented it. They used it to train for war. They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the New World.People play lacrosse outdoors. The lacrosse field is seven meters long. At each end of the field there is a goal. The goal is…There are many lacrosse clubs and lacrosse teams all over Canada. Every night Canadians can watch the lacrosse games on TV or listen to the lacrosse games over the radio.At one time lacrosse was the national summer sport in Canada. Today it is still popular with Canadians.②The passage is mainly about _________ .A. How to Play LacrosseB. Lacrosse in CanadaC. The History of LacrosseD. Lacrosse—A Popular Game in CanadaForget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Television is still the most influential medium around. Indeed ,for many of the poorest regions(地区)of the world, it remains the next big thing——finally becomes globally available. And that is a good thing, because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better……Too much TV has been associated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide③The author intends to .A. stress the advantages of TV to people’s livesB. persuade women to become more independentC. encourage people to improve their reading skillsD. introduce the readers some websites such as GoogleSmoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarettesmoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?④What is the main idea ?A.Smoking can cause cancer.B.Smoking is a terrible killerC.Smoking is harmful to our health.D.An experiment on smoking.5.On the Internet, we can read news at home and abroad and get as much information as we can. We often send e-mails or make telephone calls to our families as well as to our friends by Internet. What’s more, we can go to school on the net, read a lot of books and even teach ourselves foreign languages. We also enjoy music, watch ball matches on the net and play computer games. With the help of the net, we can do shopping even without leaving our homes. The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life.⑤What’s the main idea of the passage？________A. Keep away from the Internet.B. Surf the net.C. The Internet is playing an important part in our daily life.D. We can entertain ourselves on the Internet.6.Everyone can experience anger sometimes. But not everyonecan control it properly.To some people, controlling anger seems like the hardest thing in the world to do.Control these by talking to yourself in your own mind, when you experience unwanted feelings. By talking it over in your ownhead you can work out how you will best deal with the situation.Anger control can also be achieved by communicating with others with honesty.You can effectively train yourself to respond to situations without gettin gannoyed about things.It is important to remember it is possible for everyone to get angry and therefore, controlling it is the real challenge.⑥What is the best title of the passage ?A. Not everyone can control anger.B. How to control anger.C. Communicating with others is helpful.D. Controlling anger is challenging.。
