最新学术综合英语英语填空题翻译Unit-7

Unit1 英国人和美国人的空间概念人们说英国人和美国人是被同一种语言分离开的两个伟大的民族。

英美民族之间的差异使得英语本身受到很多指责，然而，这些差异也许不应该过分归咎于语言，而应该更多的归因于其他层面上的交流:从使很多美国人感到做作的英式语音语调到以自我为中心的处理时间、空间和物品的不同方法。

如果说这世上有两种文化间的空间关系学的具体内容迥然不同，那就是在有教养(私立学校)的英国人和中产阶级的美国人之间了。

造成这种巨大差异的一个基本原因是在美国人们借助空间大小来对人或事加以分类，而在英国决定你身分的却是社会等级制度。

在美国，你的住址可以很好的暗示你的身分（这不仅适用于你的家庭住址，也适用于你的商业地址）。

住在纽波特和棕榈滩的人要比布鲁克林和迈阿密的人高贵时髦得多。

格林尼治和科德角与纽华克和迈阿密简直毫无类似之处。

座落在麦迪逊大道和花园大道的公司要比那些座落在第七大道和第八大道的公司更有情调。

街角办公室要比电梯旁或者长廊尽头的办公室更受尊敬。

而英国人是在社会等级制度下出生和成长的。

无论你在哪里看到他，他仍然是贵族，即便是在鱼贩摊位的柜台后面。

除了阶级差异，英国人和我们美国人在如何分配空间上也存在差异。

在美国长大的中产阶级美国人觉得自己有权拥有自己的房间，或者至少房间的一部分。

当我让我的美国研究对象画出自己理想的房间或办公室时，他们毫无例外的只画了自己的空间，而没有画其他人的地方。

当我要求他们画出他们现有的房间或办公室时，他们只画出他们共享房间里自己的那部分，然后在中间画一条分隔线。

无论是男性还是女性研究对象，都把厨房和主卧划归母亲或妻子的名下，而父亲的领地则是书房或休息室，如果有的话；要不然就是工场，地下室，或者有时仅仅是一张工作台或者是车库。

美国女性如果想独处，可以走进卧室、关上门。

关闭的门是“不要打扰”或“我很生气”的标志。

如果一个美国人家里或办公室的房门是开着的，则说明他现在有空。

在这样的暗示下，人们不会认为他想把自己关闭起来，而会认为他正处于一种随时响应他人的准备就绪的状态中。

Text comprehensionI. CII. 1. T2. F3. F4. T5. TIV. 1. He almost had no sense of responsibility.2. He wrote large numbers of letters begging for money. In some letters he was servile without shame, and in other letters he loftily offered his targeted benefactor the privilege of contributing to his support. If the recipient refused to accept his offer, i.e. refused to lend him money, he would fly into a rage.3. He would use influence from as many people as possible in order to meet some admirer of his who was only too glad to offer him his help.4. Since Wagner was driven by such tremendous forces, it is no wonder that he didn’t behave like a normal human being.VocabularyI. 1. person with extremely excessive self-pride2. with all their talents combined in him3. in a bad temper; unwell or annoyed4. without5. use as much influence of his as possible (from behind the scenes)6. make concessionII. 1. pulled wires2. be content with3. rolled into one4. between the lines of5. sink into6. innocent of7. out of sorts8. lay my hands onIII. 1. callousness2. tormentor3. inconceivable4. arrogantly5. gloomy6. tragedy7. delusion8. loftyIV. 1. A2. B3. C4. A5. C6. B7. A8. DV. 1. humbleness (modesty)2. amazing (stunning, miraculous) 3. cold-blooded (inhumane, merciless)4. void5. ethical (moral, principled, scrupulous)6. parody (caricature)7. exhilaration (bliss, ecstasy)8. proudly (self-importantly)VI. 1. company2. controlled3. imprecise4. out of fashion5. immediately6. coverGrammarI. 1. at2. on3. to4. at5. from6. of7. in; for; at8. on; of; of9. over10. on; under; out ofII. 1. C2. A3. B4. C5. D6. D7. B8. DIII.Both John and I wanted to go to the movies, but we could not agree which picture we should go to see. A new picture was showing at the Palace and another at the Globe. Neither John nor I had seen either of these pictures. I wanted to see the one at the Globe, but John didn't. IV. 1. My cousin, John, who has a beautiful tenor voice, is appearing at the Royal Festival Hall, where I am going to meet him after the concert.2. The roller coaster, which made its appearance in 1884, is till one of the most exciting rides in an amusement park.3. As I could not find a British-made ballpoint pen, I bought a French one, which was expensive although it was an extremely simple pen.4. Everybody who is interested in brass rubbings should visit our village church because it contains some beautiful brasses which date from the 14th century.5. Despite free medical treatment being availble to everybody in the country, there are still a number of private hospitals, which are mostly patronized by foreign visitors who do not want to wait for a bed in a National Health Service hospital.6. Crochet, which used to be a favourite pastime in Victorian times, is back in fashion because clothes have become so expensive that it is worthwile to make them.7. Clanging its bell, the empty cable car approaches, swaying as though slightly drunk.8. We arrived by plane from Denver, a 16-minute flight that culminated in a breathtaking touchdown at a tiny airport tucked in among the Rocky Mountains.V. 1. The child is lonely; he would be happier if he had someone to paly with.2. I have some letters to write.3. He was the first man to leave the burning building.4. The pilot was the only man to survive the crash.5. The last one to leave the room must turn out the lights.6. That is the largest ship to be built.7. My files are all over the place. I wish I had a box to keep them in.8. I don't much care for cooking my self; if I had a family to cook for I'd be more interested. TranslationI. 1. 任何人只要有一丝半点的不同意见，即使再微不足道，也足够让他高谈阔论几个钟头，用他那十分累人的雄辩从多面认证自己是正确的，结果是他的听众目瞪口呆，两耳震聋，为了息事宁人，只好顺从他。

精品文档Unit7 Dishonoring the Honor systemVocabulary Development [P234-235]A:1.If reviews are not available within four mouths,authors are free to submit the manuscript to another journal and ask them to vet the manuscript.如果复核在4个月内没有得到录用，作者可以把自己的原稿投到其它杂志社，然后让他们审阅原稿。

修改成:如果四个月内没有通过复审2.Despite her great age,she was very graceful indeed,but so far,the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.尽管她的年代久远，而且她确实看起来优雅，但是到目前为止，考古学家们没有发现她的身份。

修改成:1.她确实看着很优雅尽管她的年代久远//无法弄清楚3.Psychologists believe that children are easily influenced by their peer.心理学家认为儿童们很容易受他们同龄人的影响。

修改成:孩子们//儿童4.The old man was always sounding off about higher taxes.那位老人总是爱抱怨高税收。

修改成:抱怨越来越高的税收5.Man will go down into the pit and all his thougts will perish.男人如果进入这个坑里，他所有的想法将会消失。

6.The challenger leveled the champion with a mighty uppercut.挑战者用一记强有力的上勾拳击倒了冠军。

III.Vocabulary1.Most anthropologists accept the fact almost universally that social paternity is considered to be more important than the biological.大多数人类学家都普遍接受这样一个事实,那就是社会亲子关系比生物亲子关系更重要.〔deemed 考虑〕2.In the first place,knowledge workers gain access to jobs and social positions through formal education.首先,知识工作者通过正规教育获得就业机会和社会地位.<to begin with首先>3.Theodore Roosevelt was a versatile man;he was successful as a statesman,soldier,sportsman,explorer,and author.西奥多罗斯福是一个多才多艺的人, 他是一个成功的政治家, 士兵, 运动员, 探险家和作家.〔Multitalented多才多艺〕4.Mr.Bush is trustworthy;he has dealt honestly with us for over 20 years.布什先生是值得信赖的; 他已经诚实地对待我们20年了.〔fair and square 诚实〕5.When a player balls his hand into a fist, when he drives his helmet into an unsuspecting opponent -- in short when he crosses the boundary between playing hard and playing to hurt -- he can only intend an act of violence.当一个运动员把他的手握成拳头,当他把他的头盔挥向一个毫无防备的对手--总之当他越过艰苦的游戏和伤害的界限时--他只会想要采取暴力行为.〔Adversary 对手〕6.The old man was very angry at having to pay out so much money for such simple repairs.老人很生气,这么简单的修理却要付这么多钱.〔fork over支付〕7.The President,urged on by his staff,has decided to attend the preliminary talks on disarmament which will be held in Geneva sometime next month.主席在其团队的催促下, 决定参加将于下个月某个时候在日内瓦举行的关于裁军问题的初步会谈.〔spurred 呼吁〕8.Sophia telephoned me the day before yesterday,saying that she planned to stop off in Colorado on the way to California.索菲亚前天打给我,说她打算在去加利福尼亚的途中在科罗拉多停留.〔en route to 在途中〕9.The dream,generally described as "a sequence of sensations,images,thoughts,etc.passing through a sleeping person’s mind,〞seems to have had an insoluble bond with poetry since time immemorial.这个梦,通常被描述为"一系列的感觉,图像,思想,等等.〞经过一个熟睡的人的心灵,"似乎与诗歌有着不可解的联系.〔portrayed描述〕10.Believe it or not,a friend of mine is able to guess at a woman’s appearance from the sound of her voice.信不信由你,我的一个朋友能从一个女人的声音中猜出她的外貌.〔conjecture about 猜〕B ...1.Some folks whose own behavior is most dubious are always to the fore in calumniating others.有些自己的行为才是最可疑的人,他们总是恶人先告状.<eulogizing颂扬>2.The November 17-day coal strike,which was terminated December 7,brought about a general business and production paralysis at the close of the year.11月17日的一次罢工,于12月7日结束,导致了近一年的商业和生产瘫痪.<perpetuated延续>3.Although in principle any component of language can be borrowed ,some components are much more immune to borrowing than others.尽管原则上语言的任何成分都可以被借用,但有些成分比其他成分更容易被借用.<susceptible易受影响的>4.Those right-wing people who most honor their monarch see no reason for any apology.<besmirch>那些最尊敬他们的君主的右翼的人认为没有理由做出任何道歉.5.Karen Ann Quinlan, a 21-year-old woman, fell into a permanent vegetative state as a result of ingesting a mixture of tranquilizers and alcohol.卡伦安昆兰,一个21 岁的女人,陷入了永久植物人状态,这是摄入镇静剂和酒精的混合物的结果.<stimulants兴奋剂>6.Impeachment is an ultimate check on executive misconduct, which is substantial in nature and which subverts the structure of government or undermines the integrity of the office or the Constitution itself.<sustains维持>弹劾是对行政失当的最终检查,它实质上颠覆了政府的结构 ,破坏了政府或宪法本身的完整性.7.While most allergies are mild, others, like the allergic reaction to insect or snake venom, can be strong enough to kill.虽然大多数过敏是温和的 ,但是其他的譬如昆虫或蛇毒的过敏性反应,可以强大到足以致命.<ferocious凶猛的>8.Many of these young adults will themselves be debilitated by AIDS and may even require care from their children or elderly parents rather than providing it.这些年轻人中的许多因为艾滋病而身体遭受削弱,甚至无法帮助他们的孩子或年迈的父母,而需要他们的帮助.<fortified强化>9.The promise of brilliant sunshine got the bank holiday weekend off to a cheerful start today.阳光灿烂的预报使得今天的银行周末假日开了一个愉快的好头.<bleak惨淡凄凉的>10.Admitting you have made a mistake in front of others is a sign of strength, not weakness.11.在别人面前承认你的错误是优点的标志,而不是弱点.<frailty脆弱>C.1. A new law disqualifies persons from getting unemployment insurance if they quit without good cause.一项新的法律取消某些人获得失业保险的资格——如果他们没有充分的辞职理由.A.忽视,轻视B.忽视,忽略C.不够格,取消….的资格D是不知所措,压垮2. Int this area,unemployment is rising again and retail buying has fallen off.在这方面,失业率再次上升,零售业购买率已经下降 .A.退却,后退B.发生,脱落C.倒下,跌倒,失败D. 跌落,下降,减少3. As far as I know, the clerk has subscribed $1000 to the collection for the hospital.据我所知,店员已给医院筹款1,000 美元.A.谋求,参军,入伍B.挪用,盗用,贪污C.消散,消失,浪费D. 筹款4. I can take our children anywhere.I’m never afraid that they’re going to show me up in some restaurant.我可以把我们的孩子带到任何地方. 我从来不怕他们会在一些餐厅里丢我脸.A.赶上,把…缠住B.放出,准许…暂停工作,宽恕C. 丢脸,露面D 关小,调低.5. The priest absolved the man after he confessed his sin and did penance.神父在这个人忏悔他的罪恶并做了补赎之后赦免了他的罪.A.谴责,指责,给…判罪B.审查,仔细检查C. 使眼花缭乱D.赦免,宣布…无罪6. In some societies,when death approaches,the dying person is moved out of the living quarters as a precaution against spiritual pollution.在某些社会中,当死亡临近时,垂死的人搬出了住处来作为反对精神污染的一项预防措施.A.出现,发生B.以下,跟随C.消失,不见D.迫近,靠近,临近7. Because of vehement competition in business,many enterprises are compelled to offer enticements to attract and keep workers.由于激烈的商业竞争,很多企业都不得不提供诱惑来吸引和留住工人.A.贿赂,收买B.兴奋剂,刺激物C.奖项,奖金,报酬D. 诱惑,怂恿8. What worried him most of all at the time was that while the questions rolled around in his mind,he had no answers.让他最担心的是,此时此刻当这些问题萦绕在他脑中,而他却没有答案.A.掉下,减少,跌落,下降B.卷起,转降C. 变软,做热身运动D.翻转,翻阅9. He wouldn’t give evidence.I think someone paid him up 他没有提供证据. 我觉得有人贿赂他了 .A. 贿赂,有回报B.还清,全部付清C.支付D.支出,报复10. His youthful indifference to studies and his unwillingness to think of a non-sports career cramped his chances of finding a job in his later years.他年轻时对学习的漠视和对职业生涯的不思进取束缚了他之后找工作的机会.A.刺激,激励,鼓励B.确定,查明C. 限制,束缚D. 开始实施,发起ClozeThe Olympics have become a tool of commercialism, a trend that has accelerated in recent decades. 奥运会已成为一种商业化的工具,近几十年来,这种趋势加速了. Companies and products benefit from association with the Olympics, which have an aura of both virtue and excellence. 公司和产品从与奥运会的联合〔合作〕中受益,因为奥运会具有美德和卓越〔优秀〕的光环. The games are one of the greatest media events on earth, with television broadcasting to billions of people, a marketeer’s dream. As a result, companies line up for Olympic sponsorship. 奥运会是世界上最伟大的媒体盛事之一,通过电视转播给数十亿人,是销售者的梦想〔的市场〕.因此,企业排队为奥运会赞助.In earlier days of the Olympics, the ideal of amateurism was enforced, though this primarily served to keep out working-class competitors. 在奥运会的早期,业余主义的理想是被强制执行的,尽管这主要是为了阻止工人阶级的竞争对手〔阻止工人阶级参赛〕. As the commercial and national exploitation of sport expanded through the twentieth century, amateurism was increasingly undermined by fake jobs, scholarships and under-the-table payments, for example from running shoe manufacturers. 随着商业和国家对体育的剥削在20世纪不断扩大,业余性越来越受到虚假工作、奖学金和低工资的影响,例如关于跑鞋制造商的例子.Eventually the pressures for professionalisation became too great, and today the truly amateur Olympic athlete is the exception. 最终,职业化的压力太大了,今天真正的业余奥运选手是例外〔很少见〕.Successful athletes in the most prominent sports now can become rich through sponsorships. 在最著名的体育运动中,成功的运动员可以通过赞助变得富有. Prize money is of secondary importance to those with a media profile. 对于那些有媒体报道的运动员来说,奖金是次要的. Athletes benefit from their association with the Olympics, which in turn reflects on their sponsors. 运动员从他们与奥运会的关联中受益,这反过来也反映了他们的赞助商〔反过来赞助商也从与运动员的关联中受益〕.With the advent of global television coverage, the International Olympic Committee <IOC> has become a major transnational corporate enterprise itself , with hundreds of millions of dollars in income hinging on television rights. 随着全球电视转播的出现,国际奥林匹克委员会<IOC>自身已经成为一个主要的跨国公司企业,在电视转播权上取得了数亿美元的收益. Ironically, the IOC has turned the image of high-minded sporting competitions, seemingly above the sordid realm of politics and commerce, into a vehicle for making huge amounts of money. 讽刺的是,国际奥委会已经把看似远离政治和商业的肮脏领域、高姿态的体育竞赛的形象,变成了赚取巨额财富的工具. Like any corporation and its trademarks, the IOC jealously guards which companies are allowed any association with the five Olympic rings. 与任何公司与其商标一样,国际奥委会也小心翼翼地保护着哪些公司可以与五环中的任何一环相关联〔国际奥委会也小心翼翼的保护着与奥运五环的任何一环相关联的那些公司〕.Just as the IOC has avoided any moral judgment of governments, it has abdicated any moral rolein relation to corporate sponsorship. 正如国际奥委会避免了任何对政府的道德判断一样,它也放弃了与企业赞助有关的道德角色. Whether running shoes are made by Third World workers in horrible conditions at low pay or whether a drink is of nutritional value is of little concern to the IOC, except for possible bad publicity. 除了可能的负面宣传〔广告〕,跑鞋是否是第三世界的工人在低薪的恶劣环境下制作的、又或者一杯饮料是否具有营养价值,国际奥委会都不关心.Set up originally as a competition for amateurs not needing commercial support, the Olympics have become a spectacularly successful vehicle for commercialism.奥运会最初是为业余爱好者举办的,不需要商业上的支持,但如今已经成为一种非常成功的商业化工具.Additional Work1.Though 20 years old,John can not make any decisions himself because he’s still completely tied to his mother’s apron strings.虽然约翰已经20岁了,但他自己不能做出任何决定,因为他仍然完全依赖他母亲的帮助.2.Peter told the students to vote against Harry because Harry was crippled and couldn’t bea good class president,but the students thought Peter was hitting below the belt.彼得告诉学生们要投反对票给哈利,因为哈利是个跛子,不能成为一个好的班长,但是学生们认为彼得这样做是不公正的.3.The Duke of Monmonth was King Charles II’s son,but because he was born on the wrong side of the blanket, he was not allowed to become king after Charles died.蒙月公爵是查理二世的儿子,但因为他是个私生子,在查尔斯死后,他不被允许成为国王.4.When the teacher made Bob a monitor, he got too big for his boots and she had to warn him about stepping over the line.当老师让鲍伯当班长的时候,鲍勃表现得很自高自大,老师不得不警告他不要太过分.5."You should cut its coat according to its cloth,〞Mary told Sue when she found out Sue only had 100 pounds but was trying to plan an unlikely vacation to T ahiti.当玛丽得知苏只有100英镑,却异想天开地计划去塔希提度假的时候,玛丽对苏说：〞你应该量入为出."6.He became very hot under the collar when he realized that his secretary was being rude to him on purpose.当他意识到他的秘书故意对他无礼时他变得非常愤怒.7.Judges and others in high office sometimes work hand in glove with gangsters to cheat and steal from regular people like you and me.法官和其他高层官员有时与歹徒勾结,从你我这样的普通人那里骗取贿赂.8.It turned out that the inspector had lined his pocket by permitting contractors to use poor building materials.结果表明检查员通过允许承包商使用劣质建筑材料中饱私囊.9.Uncle Joe spent his life savings in order to buy a store ,but when it failed, he lost his shirt.乔大叔花了毕生的积蓄去盘一家店铺,可是买卖亏损,把老本都赔光了.10.The senator has decided that he’s too old do his job properly,but there are several younger and equally skillful politicians waiting to step into his shoes.参议员明白,他太老了不能胜任工作了,但还有几个年轻的能干的政治家在等着接他的班.II.Vocabulary Expansion1.Needless to say,the terrorist attacks on September 11 plunged the whole nation into extreme horror,affecting the course of U.S. history.毫无疑问,9月11日的恐怖袭击使整个国家陷入极度恐慌,影响了美国历史进程.A.escalated〔使〕逐步升级B.plunged骤降C.converted 更换信仰的D.drowsed昏昏沉沉的,困倦的2.He left the house blithely unaware that he was still wearing his pajamas.他高高兴兴地离开了屋子,丝毫没有意识到,他还穿着睡衣.A.assiduously勤勉地,恳切地B.blithely 欢乐地,快活地C.perfunctorily 敷衍地D.domestically家庭式地3.The president’s critics say he has been too timid in responding to changing international developments.总统的批评者说, 他对国际形势的变化,反应过于胆怯.A.luscious 美味的B.forlorn绝望的,孤立无助的C.timid胆小的D.eloquent雄辩的,有口才的4.An elderly man has confounded doctors at the local hospital by living after he was officially declared dead.一位老人在被宣布死亡之后活了过来,让当地医院的医生感到十分困惑.A.confounded 糊涂的,困惑的B.concurred同意C.conflated混为一谈D.connived密谋5.At the press conference, the Prime Minister reiterated the government’s refusal to compromise with terrorists.在记者招待会上,首相重申政府拒绝与恐怖分子妥协.A.rectified 矫正的,调整的B.remunerated酬劳C.rekindled使再燃D.reiterated.反复地说,重申6.The film recounts the story of a young beautiful woman who plots a dastardly revenge on her unfaithful lover.影片讲述了一个年轻美貌的女人密谋对她不忠的情人进行卑鄙的报复的故事.A.miserly吝啬的B.dastardly 懦弱的,卑鄙的;C.impotent 无力的D.insoluble不能解决的,不溶的7.A UN report says that malnutrition is one of the common afflictions of the poor in Africa.一份联合国报告说,营养不良是非洲穷人的常见疾病.A.affections 喜爱B.appeasements 平息C.afflictions苦恼D.attainments成就,造诣8.Jane ’s attic room has a poor ventilation system and in summer it becomes unbearably stuffy.简的阁楼房间通风系统很差,在夏天,它变得令人难以忍受.A.ventilation空气流通B.manipulation〔熟练的〕操作C.mitigation 缓解,减轻D.allocation配给,分配9.The English teacher paused a few seconds groping for the most effective word to express his meaning.英语老师停顿了几秒钟,寻找最有效的词来表达他的意思.A.embarking on 踏上B.embroiling in 牵连在C.branching out 另辟蹊径D.groping for 摸索着寻找10.In the IT industry,some think of Bill Gates as a monster while others revere him as a living god.在IT行业中,在比尔盖茨被当做神崇敬的同时也有人认为他是一个怪物.A.extricate使摆脱困难,脱身B.disparage轻视C.emulate 仿真D.revere崇敬Paragraph18In 1976, Olympic cheating entered the Electronic Age. 1976年,奥运会作弊进入了电子时代. During the fencing event of the modern pentathlon, the light on the épée of the USSR’s Boris Onischenko flashed to indicate that he had scored a hit against his adversary. 在现代五项全能的击剑比赛中,前苏联选手伯利斯•奥涅琴科的佩剑上的灯亮了,这意味着他击中对手得分了. Unfortunately, at the time it went off, the weapon was nowhere near his opponent, Britain’s Jim Fox. 不幸的是,灯亮的时候,剑离他来自英国的对手吉姆福克斯还远.Upon investigation, the judges discovered that Boris had been a rather naughty boy, having rewired his sword to light at any moment he would deemappropriate. 经过调查,法官们发现鲍里斯相当不规矩,他重新设计了其佩剑中的电路,灯何时亮完全操纵在他本人手中. Boris and the entire Soviet team were immediately disqualified. 鲍里斯和整个苏联队立即被取消资格.The athlete himself has not been heard from since. 从那以后,这位运动员就没有消息了〔此人也就此从人们的视线中消失了〕.Perhaps he has been sent to Siberia. Or to a better electronic school. 也许他已经被送往西伯利亚了.或者去了一个更好的电子学校.fencing剑术pentathlon五项全能运动flashed闪烁indicate表明〔manifest,show〕adversary对手weapon武器opponent对手investigation调查<research> rewired给…换新电线sword剑deem给appropriate适当的〔proper〕disqualified使不合格；取消…的资格〔cancel... the qualification of〕Paragraph19Then there is the matter of "sex cheating.〞还有就是"性别欺骗〞.This can involve women taking such large doses of male hormones to improve their performance that they lose nearly all female characteristics and should really not be allowed to use the ladies room. 这可能涉与到女性服用如此大剂量的男性荷尔蒙来提高她们的成绩,以至于她们几乎失去了所有的女性特征,甚至不应该被允许使用女厕所.<In some cases the sex of the athlete is a matter of conjecture.> <在某些情况中,判断运动员的性别靠的是猜测.>There is no need to conjecture about Dora Ratjen, the German athlete who just missed a gold medal in the women’s high jump in the notorious Olympics of 1936. 德国运动员朵拉•拉特金的性别是不容置疑的.她在臭名昭著的1936年奥运会上错失了女子跳高金牌. "She〞subsequently set world records in this event that remained on the books until years later, when it was discovered that "Dora〞was, in fact, Hermann Ratjen, a mediocre male athlete, but an excellent female impersonator. "她〞随后在这个项目中屡屡改写世界纪录,直到多年后,人们发现"多拉〞实际上真名叫赫尔曼•拉特金,是一个平庸的男性运动员,但是一个优秀的女性模仿者.hormones激素conjecture猜想,推测〔guess〕notorious声名狼藉的〔infamous〕subsequently随后〔then〕mediocre普通的〔common〕impersonator演员〔actor〕Paragraph20As I look over what I have written, I feel that I have presented an excessively bleak picture of an inherently glorious event. 当看完我所写的东西时,我感到自己把这项具有辉煌历史的体育盛会描绘得极其黯淡. Though the misbehavior described is tragic but true, I still do not share the pessimism of the writer whose most famous work has given him a near-franchise on the digit "1984.〞尽管文中所述的这些可悲的舞弊行为是真实存在的,我仍然不认同这位作家的悲观主义,他最著名的工作使其对"1984〞这个数字几乎享有特权. George Orwell viewed the Olympics as "bound up with hatred, jealousy, boastfulness, disregard of all rules and sadistic pleasure in witnessing violence; in other words, it is a war without the shooting.〞乔治奥威尔把奥运会看作是"交织着仇恨、妒忌、夸耀、对规则的藐视,以与从观看暴力行为中获得的变态的快感;换句话说,这是一场没有硝烟的战争.〞presented展示〔describe〕excessively过度的<inordinate>bleak 暗淡的,昏暗的inherently 天性地,固有地glorious 辉煌的misbehavior不礼貌,品行不端tragic 悲剧的pessimism 悲观near-franchise享有特权digit数字bound up with与某事物关系密切的hatred 仇恨,憎恶jealousy妒忌的boastfulness自夸disregard of无视〔ignore〕sadistic 虐待狂的witnessing 作证"Paragraph21This is going much too far. 这太过分了.The Olympics are nothing more or less than a reflection of everything that is good as well as bad in human nature. 奥运会只不过是反映了人类本性中好的一面和坏的一面.The anecdotes of ancient Greek skulduggery prove that the Games have always suffered from what we might benevolently call "human frailty.〞关于古希腊人的种种趣闻轶事,证明了奥运会总是不断地被我们仁慈地称为"人性弱点〞的东西所影响.reflection反映anecdotes 掌故,趣闻,轶事skullduggery 欺骗〔cheat〕benevolently 仁慈地,行善地frailty脆弱Paragraph22And one might argue that our own age can actually claim a tiny bit of moral superiority over classical Greece. 有人可能会说,现代人的道德水准要略高于古希腊人. Very few of us, I think, would subscribe to the view of a European coach, who was recently quoted as saying: "As long as you are still alive for the victory ceremony, you should get your reward. There is no room for ethics in sports anymore.〞我想,很少有人会赞同一位欧洲教练的观点,他的话最近被引述:"只要你还活着为胜利而庆贺,就应该得到报酬.体育比赛中没有伦理道德的位置.〞claim断言；值得superiority优势〔advantage〕subscribe to同意〔agree with〕quoted引证ceremony典礼,仪式ethics伦理学Paragraph23This is cynical in the extreme. 这是极端的愤世嫉俗.I firmly believe that the majority of spectators today watch the Olympics to see "pure〞excellence. 我坚信当今绝大多数的观众观看奥运比赛是为了看到一种"纯洁〞的胜利. Like Mark Spitz’s seven gold medals. 就像马克•斯比兹获得的7枚金牌.Or the upset victory of the fresh-faced American hockey team in 1980. 或者是美国曲棍球队在1980年奥运会上的初次比赛中的颠覆性胜利.Or the eagerly awaited performance of Carl Lewis this time. 以与本届比赛中人们期待已久的卡尔•X易斯的表现.cynical 怀疑的in the extreme极其majority 多数spectators 观众,旁观者excellence 优秀,卓越upset颠覆fresh-faced 面带稚气的hockey曲棍球eagerly 渴望地,热切地awaited等候Paragraph24That is what the Olympics are really about.这才是奥运会真正的意义所在.。

新编大学英语综合教程Unit 7课后练习答案vocabulary and StructureⅠ. The negative suffix “-less” means without or that never cannot be. Fill in the blanks with a proper word from the following list. Change the form when necessary.后缀“-less”表示没有或永远不能。

用下表中适当的词填空。

必要时更改词格。

homeless careless harmless endlesstireless countless worthless aimless homeless [ˈhəʊmləs]adj. 无家的; 无家可归的人们。

careless[ˈkeələs]adj.粗心的;疏忽引起的;无忧无虑的。

countless[ˈkaʊntləs]adj. 无数的; 数不胜数的。

worthless[ˈwɜːθləs]adj. 没用的; 无价值的; 品质坏的。

aimless[ˈeɪmləs]adj. 没有方向的; 无目标的; 无计划的。

1. The traffic accident happened as the result of the drivers ____ driving.交通事故的发生是由于司机们开车疏忽造成的。

【解析】careless。

类似例句：It has been discovered that the traffic accident resulted from the driver's careless driving.2. After the earthquake Firemen took ____ children to social Welfare Institution.【解析】homeless。

第七单元谋生课文A干挨家挨户上门推销这一营生得脸皮厚，这是因为干这一行不仅要经受风吹日晒还要承受一次又一次的闭门羹。

比尔·波特忍受着这一切，，以及别的种种折磨。

一个推销员的生活小汤姆·霍尔曼闹钟响了。

是清晨5：45。

他可以在被子里再躺一会儿，听听无线电广播。

天气预报员预报有雨。

人们会理解的。

这点他清楚。

他的下背有一道手术疤痕。

他右手的手指严重扭曲，连鞋带都没法系。

有时，他真想放弃不干了。

可在他内心深处，一直回响着已故老母的激励，还有那些说他蠢，说他不能独立生活的人的声音。

他一生都在拼命去证明他们错了。

他决不能放弃不干。

于是比尔·波特起身了。

他摇摇晃晃迈出了去波特兰大街的头几步，波特兰大街是他为独立与尊严而孤身搏杀的战场。

他是个挨家挨户上门推销的推销员，今年63岁。

他的敌人——背叛了他的残疾身体和一个不再需要他的变化着的世界——正一步一步把他逼向绝境。

他用颤抖的双手收拾行装：深色宽松裤，蓝衬衣和与之相配的茄克衫，褐色领带，土褐色雨衣和帽子。

在他看来，形象就是一切。

他在门口停了一下，提起公文包，走了出去。

秋风骤起，冷飕飕的。

天气预报员说得没错。

他将雨衣裹裹紧。

他把帽子往一侧微微一斜。

在街对面停靠的7：45那班公共汽车上，他把公文包放在司机身旁，在一群没精打采的十几岁的孩子当中找了个位子坐下。

他身子往前一倾，盯着司机那儿望，然后靠着椅背坐下，接着他又反复这个过程。

他心情紧张，控制不住自己而笑出声来。

那些孩子望着他。

他们不明白，波特是担心有人偷他的包，包里有他生存不可缺少的眼镜，宣传小册子，定单，以及可用别针别上的领带。

波特意识到了小孩子在盯着他看。

他把目光转向车厢地板。

他脸上没有流露出任何神情。

但在他心里，他知道自己早先也该像这些孩子一样’，像车上其他所有人一样。

他并不生气。

但他心里明白。

他母亲解释说生他时难产，医生使用了某种器械，损坏了他大脑的一部分，导致了大脑性麻痹，一种影响他说话，手部活动以及行走的神经系统的紊乱。

Unit 7I. Vocabulary Analysis1. Phrase practice1. strap in= have the seat belt fastened on 系紧安全带e.g. Strap in, please, the plane is going to take off soon. 请系好安全带，飞机马上就要起飞了。

2. make a connecting flight= catch another flight to continue the journey 转机e.g. You don’t have to take a connecting flight anymore, which saves you three hours. 您不必转机，从而可以节省三个小时时间。

3. pull oneself together =controll one's feelings and began behaving calmly again 冷静，振作e.g. It is not the dead end, and you need to pull yourself together. 现在还不是结束，你要振作起来。

4. be indebted to= be very grateful to 感激于e.g. I am greatly indebted to you for what you have done. 对于您做的一切我无比感激。

Everyone should be greatly indebted to his parents. 所有人都应当感激自己的父母。

2. Word comparison1.swerve: if a vehicle or other moving thing swerves or if you swerve it, it suddenly changes direction, often in order to avoid hitting somethinge.g. Her car swerved off the road into a brick wall.turn: to change the direction in which you are facing or movinge.g. The path twists and turns for the next half mile.lunge: to make a sudden strong movement towards someone or something, especially to attack theme.g. The goats lunged at each other with their horns.scramble: if you scramble over rocks or up a hill, you move quickly over them or up it using your hands to help youe.g. Tourists were scrambling over the rocks,looking for the perfect camera angle.3.stricken: (adj.) suffering severely from the effects of something unpleasante.g. All the oil from the stricken tanker has now leaked into the sea.striking: (adj.) unusual or interesting enough to be easily noticede.g. There is a striking contrast between wealth and poverty in that country.struck: the past tense and past participle of strikestrike: to hit or fall against the surface of somethinge.g. She fell heavily, striking her head against the side of the boat.4.reassuring: if you find someone’s words or actions reassuring, they make you feel less worriedabout somethinge.g. It was reassuring to hear John’s familiar voice.recall: to bring the memory of a past event into your mind and often to give a description of what you remembere.g. The old man recalled the city as it had been before the war.remind: to make someone remember something that they must doe.g. The girls constantly had to be reminded about her chores.remove: if you remove something from a place, you take it awaye.g. He went to the refrigerator and removed a bottle of wine.5.equal: the same in amount, number or size, or the same in importance and deserving the same treatmente.g. All people are equal, deserving the same rights as each other.same: not a different onee.g. She sits in the same chair every night.similar: if one thing is similar to another, they have features that are the samee.g. The accident was similar to one that happened in 1973.equivalent: having the same amount, value, purpose, quality, etc.e.g. She’s doing the equivalent job in the new company but for more money.6.smell: the smell of something is a quality it has which you become aware of when you breathe in through your nosee.g. I love the smell of freshly baked bread.perfume: a liquid with a pleasant smell, usually made from oils taken from flowers or spices, which is often used on the skine.g. She adores French perfume.taste: the feeling that is produced by a particular food or drink when you put it in your mouth e.g. The medicine has a slightly bitter taste.freshness: being full of energy and enthusiasme.g. Marked by or possessing characteristics, such as vigor, freshness, or enthusiasm, that are associated with youth.7.screech: if a vehicle screeches, its wheels make a high unpleasant noise as it moves along or stops e.g. A van screeched onto the road in front of me.scream: when something makes a loud, high-pitched noise, you can say that it screamse.g. As he talked, an airforce jet screamed over the town.jolt: to move suddenly and violentlye.g. The train stopped unexpectedly and we were jolted forwards.cling: to hold someone or something tightly, especially because you do not feel safee.g. He wailed and clung to his mother.8.fateful: if an action or a time when something happened is described as fateful, it is considered to have an important, and often very bad, effect on future eventse.g. It was a fateful decision that the two great leaders met again.lucky: having good things happen to you by chancee.g. The lucky winner will be able to choose from three different holidays.indebted: being very grateful to someone for the help they have given youe.g. We are deeply indebted to Miss Wang.glamorous: if you describe someone or something as glamorous, you mean that they are more attractive, exciting, or interesting than ordinary people or thingse.g. The south coast is less glamorous but full of clean and attractive hotels .3. Synonym / AntonymGive synonyms or antonyms of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. Somehow I managed to unbolt the door and scramble out.Synonyms: open, unlock, unlatch, unchain2. In the next seat sat a young businessman who had been confidently working.Antonyms: hopelessly, unconfidently, despairingly3. Of course I never paid attention to this drill, always figuring that if we ever got to the point where we needed to use life jackets, I would have already died of terror.Synonyms: think, believe, imagine4. She must have seen how scared I was and reached over.Antonyms: unafraid, brave, bold, fearless, dauntless5. I loved her Southern drawl, her indiscriminate use of perfume, and her soulful squeeze. Synonyms: unselective, uncritical, random6. Among the many feelings going through my head during those excruciating minutes was pride — pride in how well everybody on board was behaving.Antonyms: enjoyable, comfortable, agreeable, pleasant7. He had been complaining that he wasn’t getting to see very much of me because of my book tour.Synonyms: grumble8. I felt almost tearful to be parting from the people whose lives had so intensely, if briefly, touched mine.Antonyms: lightly, barely, hardly, scarcely4. Word derivationFill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate form of the given word in the brackets.1. After all he has done for us, it would be very ungrateful of us if we didn’t do this for him now. (grateful)2. With the world’s population increasing at the present rate, by the year 2050 it is feared there will be a terrible food shortage. (short)3. Penellpe has unfortunately failed her driving test again. (fortune)4. This jewel is not simply valuable; it is invaluable. (value)5. This coat is too short for me. Do you think you could lengthen it a little? (long)6. The hurricane caused terrible destruction along the coast. (destroy)7. Without the timely help of the PLA men, a lot more people would have lost their lives in the earthquake. (time)8. It is said the 100% iron is rustless. (rust)1. grateful (adj.) 感激的，感谢的ungrateful (adj.) 忘恩负义的，讨人厌的ungratefulness (n.) 徒劳e.g. Nourish your life with a grateful heart. 用感恩的心来滋养你的生活。

Unit SevenSection AWhat the Hidden Persuaders Are up to Nowadays 参考译文当今隐藏的劝说者在干什么[1] 人们一直在问我，时至今日，隐藏的劝说者（广告人员）在干什么？因此，几个月来我反复拜访广告专家（劝说专家），我发现人口学家和动机研究者与我们的意见还十分一致，但今天广告人员还要倾听其他行为专家的意见。

也许这个世界已经比二十年前更有理性，但是更难以预言。

[2] 广告人员寻求可靠的预测，即我们这些顾客对他们的努力会作出什么样的反响。

几年前，他们知道，我们在讨论广告或产品时会由于礼貌而去说谎，因而广告界就越来越转向通过我们的身体来寻求我们真正感觉的线索。

[3] 拿我们的眼睛来说，有一种电脑化的机器，当眼睛看着印制的广告时，这机器就跟踪眼睛的运动，以判定广告中最有吸引力的那些词句。

某些广告人员曾试用瞳孔计（一种测量瞳孔受刺激后发生变化的仪器），以便得到对于一个广告或电视广告片的总体反映。

[4] 如果对某物产生兴趣，瞳孔放大，不过这也会导致错误的结论。

一个冷冻的油炸土豆商，收到令人高兴的报告，说在看他的电视广告时，瞳孔有显著扩大。

但是进一步的分析表明，那是由广告中发出咝咝声的牛排而不是由炸土豆所引起的。

再者，瞳孔计不能说明看电视的人喜欢或不喜欢一个广告（我们也会被令人讨厌的广告所激动）。

这使瞳孔计的一些使用者不满，但是其他一些人还坚持说它至少是有益的。

激发起兴趣是很重要的。

要是没有它，广告人员必然地要浪费金钱。

[5] 还有些仪器能提供声调分析。

首先录下正常的声音，然后再录下评论广告或产品时的声音。

计算机能分辨出我们所说的是应酬话，是出于礼貌的谎言，还是一个肯定的意见。

[6] 在对由孩子表演的两个广告电视片进行测试时，其他孩子对两片的评论似乎同样都是赞许的。

但是机器检测报告说，其中的一部广告片只是使孩子们感兴趣，而另一部则具有一种他们感到难以表述的感情效果。

仅做参考好好学习，天天向上Unit 7 Part B Global Food Insecurity 全球粮食匮乏全球粮食匮乏A particular problem directly related to continuing population growth is growing global food insecurity. For a variety of reasons the demand for food by the consumer has begun to outrun the capacity to provide. Where all attention was previously focused on population growth as the sole source of demand on available food stocks, today an equally important source of demand has become apparent and that is affluence. As per capita income increases, purchasing power climbs and with it a demand for higher quality foods , especially foods of animal origin such as meat, eggs, milk, and milk products. Eating meat can be considered an inefficient way of utilizing grain. In the United States it takes three pounds of grain to produce a pound of poultry; 5 : 1 is the ratio for pork, and 10:1 for beef. In the end, Americans eat eighty percent of all the grain they consume indirectly, first using it for feed and then consuming the meat. On the basis of these data, Americans consume the equivalent of one ton of grain a year while inhabitants of poorer countries consume one fifth as much. Outside our borders, other nations with growing economies but without comparable agriculture have also increased their appetites for animal protein. Hence, sixty percent of North American agricultural sales has been to nations whose people are already rather well fed. At this time, the approximately one billion people of the developed world feed enough grain to their livestock and poultry to provide minimal nutritional requirements to another 2 billion people. Over the last twenty years, the rich minority of the world has doubled its meat consumption. This is, however, not due to eating twice as much meat per capita, although there has been some rise here. Rather, there are twice as many people with the money to buy a higher quality protein-rich diet. The net result is that while world population has been growing at 1. 6 percent and agricultural production at 2. 5 percent, world demand for food has been increasing at 3 percent per year.人口的持续增长带来了与此直接相关的与日俱增的全球粮食匮乏的特殊问题。