名词解释：
1 .The Great Depression
2 Industrial Revolution
3 Melting Pot
4. Black Death
2。工业革命指的是机械化工业和社会和经济组织的后果在18世纪末和19世纪初的英国。英国是第一个工业化的国家。工业革命在英国首先开始于纺织工业。
3。因为美国是一个多民族的国家,它也被称为“大熔炉”,意味着移民来自世界各地不同国家混合组成美国国家。
4。黑死病是现代的名字给了致命的黑死病,病由鼠蚤传播流行。在14世纪传遍欧洲。它席卷英格兰在1348年的夏天没有警告。它造成许多人死亡。由于瘟疫,大片土地无人照管和劳动力极度匮乏。
5。美国的宪法是美国政府的基本仪器和最高法律。它是世界上最古老的成文宪法。1787年制定,并于1789年生效。它建立联邦制和引进制衡政府历史上第一次。
the Black Death
It was the deadly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th century. It s wept through England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killed b
etween half and one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left unten ded and labour was short. It caused far-reaching economic consequences.
这是致命的黑死病在14世纪传遍欧洲。它席卷英格兰没有警告,任何治疗,和毫不吝惜的受害者。它杀死了一半到三分之一的人口。因此,大片土地无人照管和劳动力短缺。它造成了深远的经济后果。
Bloody Mary
Henry VIII’s daughter and a devout Catholic.When she became Queen, she persecuted and burnt many Protestants. So she was given the nickname “Bloody Mary”. Mary is al so remembered as the monarch who lost the French port of Calais.
亨利八世的女儿和一位虔诚的天主教徒。当她成为皇后,迫害和烧毁许多新教徒。所以她被“血腥玛丽”的绰号。玛丽也记得君主失去法国加来港。
. the Great Lakes
The Great Lakes are the most important lakes in the United States. They are Lake Sup erior, which is the largest fresh water lake in the world, Lake Michigan ——the only on e entirely in the U.S. ——Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are all located between Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan.
五大湖在美国最重要的湖泊。苏必略湖,是世界上最大的淡水湖,密歇根湖,唯一一个完全在美国,休伦湖,伊利湖和安大略湖。他们都位于加拿大和美国之间除了密西根湖。
What is meant by the term “welfare state” in Britain?
——The welfare state is a system of government by which the state provides the econ omic and social security of its citizens through its organization of health services, pensi ons and other facilities. The system is funded out of national insurance contributions an d taxation. In Britain the term applies mainly to National Health Service (NHS), national insurance and social security.
“福利国家”
——政府的福利国家是一个系统的国家提供经济和社会保障的公民通过其组织卫生服务、养老金和其他设施。该系统是由全国保险税和赋税。术语主要适用于在英国国民健康服务(NHS),国民保险和社会保障。
What are some of the characteristics of American education?
——(1) Formal education in the United States consists of elementary, secondary and hig her education.
(2) Public educations is free and compulsory.
(3) Diversity is considered to be an outstanding characteristic of American education.
(4)Education is a function of the states, not the federal government.
美国教育的特点是什么?
——(1)在美国正规的教育由初等、中等和高等教育。
(2)公共教育是免费和义务的。
(3)多样性被认为是美国教育的一个突出特点。
(4)教育是美国的函数,而不是联邦政府。
What role does the community college play?
What functions does it perform?
What is it important in American higher education?
What is the guiding principle of such a college?
——The community college as an institution is one of the most important innovations i n the history of American higher education more accessible and in meeting the needs o f educated adults, employees of local business, professional requiring certification as wel l as community organizations.
It performs five main functions. First, it prepares students for transferring to a BA prog ram at a four-year institution. Second, it provides vocational training for people who ar e already working or expect to be working in the future. Third, it gives remedial instruc tion to higher school students who are underprepared for college academically and adult s who did not learn basic skills in elementary or secondary school. Fourth, it offers recr eational, cultural activities for adults who are not seeking regular vocational or academi c skill. Fifth, it absorbs students in a four-year program who are not qualified into a lo wer-status vocational program.
The guiding principle of community college is higher education for everyone and the phi losophy that equality must mean equal opportunity for self-realization and for the recog nition of individual differences.
社区学院发挥什么作用?
它执行什么功能?
美国高等教育是什么重要的消息吗?
一个大学的指导原则是什么?
——社区学院作为一个机构是历史上最重要的创新之一,美国的高等教育更容易满足患者的需求,受过教育的成年人,本地业
务的员工,专业要求认证以及社区组织。
它执行五个主要功能。首先,它准备学生转移到英航计划四年的机构。其次,它为那些已经工作或提供职业培训期望在未来工作。第三,它给补救教学高等学校学生准备不充分的大学学业和成年人没有在小学或中学学习基本技能。第四,它提供了休闲、文化活动对于成年人不寻求定期职业或学术技能。第五,它可以吸收学生四年计划不合格看低职业计划。
社区学院的指导原则对每个人来说都是高等教育和哲学必须为自我实现意味着平等机会平等,承认个体差异。
I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:
1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.
A. Scafell
B. Ben Nevis （本尼维斯）
C. the Cotswolds
D. the Forth
2. The longest river in Britain is _____.
A. the Clyde
B. the Mersey
C. the Severn（塞汶河）
D. the Thames
3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.
A. the Lough Neage 内伊湖
B. Windermere Water
C. Coniston Water
D. the Lake District
4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?
A. England
B. Scotland
C. Wales
D. Northem Ireland
5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.
A. Europe
B. the United States
C. Africa
D. the West Indies, Indies and Pakistan
6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.
A. the Normans
B. the Celts
C. the Iberians 伊比利来
D. the Anglo-Saxons
7. British Recorded history began with _____.
A. Roman invasion
B. the Norman Conquest
C. the Viking and Danish invasion
D. the Anglo-Saxons invasion
8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.
A. John
B. James I
C. Egbert 埃格伯特中世纪英格兰西撒克逊国王，英格兰首任国王(829～839)
D. Henry I
9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.
A. 1056
B. 1066
C. 1006
D. 1060
10. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.
A. Windsor
B. Tudor
C. Malcolm
D. Plantagenet
11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest pa rliament.
A. Henry III
B. the Pope
C. Barons
D. Simon de Montfort
12. The H undred Years’ war stated in ____ and wa ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.
A. 1337, 1453, Flanders
B. 1337, 1453, Calais
C. 1346, 1453, Argencourt
D. 1346, 1453, Brest
13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king __ ___.
A. 30, Richard III, Henry Tudor
B. 50, Richard III, Henry Tudor
C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor
D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor
14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.
A. England, 14
B. England, 15
C. Italy, 14
D. Italy, 15
15. The English Civil War is also called _____.
A. the Glorious Revolution
B. the Bloody Revolution
C. the Catholic Revolution
D. the Puritan Revolution
16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the f irst settlers in the New Land.
A. 1620, London
B. 1620, Plymouth
C. 1720, London
D. 1720, Plymouth
17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to t he invention of machines.
A. the Industrial Revolution
B. the Bourgeois Revolution
C. the Wars of the Roses
D. the Religious Reformation
18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.
A. Canada
B. Australia
C. India
D. Newfoundland
19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced Ameri can:
A. Edward VIII
B. Edward VII
C. George VI
D. George VII
20. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.
A. 1957
B. 1967
C. 1973
D. 1979
21. soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered
a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.
A. 1900
B. the First World War
C. the Second World War
D. 1960
22. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _____ r ate and the highest _____ rate.
A. inflation, growth
B. growth, inflation
C. growth, divorce
D. growth, birth
23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____.
A. the exhaustion of old mines
B. costly extraction
C. little money being invested
D. the labour shortage
24. Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with _____.
A. developing countries
B. other Commonwealth countries
C. other developed countries
D. EC
25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.
A. the Lord Chancellor
B. the Queen
C. the Archbishop of Canterbury
D. the Prime Minister
26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parl iaments are elected.
A. five, 600
B. five, 650
C. five, 651
D. four, 651
27. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.
A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of Commons
B. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of Lords
C. the Queen, the House of Commons
D. the Queen, the House of Lords
28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.
A. the Queen
B. the Cabinet
C. the House of Lords
D. the House of Commons
29. The sources of British law include _____.
A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community law
B. statutes, common law and equity law
C. statutes, common law and European Community law
D. a complete code and statutes
30. In criminal trials by jury, _____ passes sentenced and _____ decide the issue of g uilt or innocence.
A. the judge, the jury
B. the judge, the judge
C. the jury, the jury
D. the Lord Chancellor, the jury
31. ____ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.
A. Magistrates’ courts
B. Youth courts
C. district courts
D. The Crown Court
32. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of _____.
A. the England secretaries
B. the Scottish Secretaries
C. Northern Ireland Secretaries
D. the Home Secretary
33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in _____ and based at first on _____.
A. 1948, Acts of Parliament
B. 1958, Acts of Parliament
C. 1948, the Bill of Rights
D. 1958, the Bill of Rights
34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except _____.
A. war pension
B. child benefit
C. family credit
D. unemployment benefit
35. Except that _____ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without di stinction to members of all churchs or of none.
A. the lord Chancellor
B. the Prime Minister
C. the Speaker
D. the ministers of all departments
36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.
A. independent schools
B. junior schools
C. independent schools
D. primary schools
37. There are some ____ universities, including the Open University.
A. 900
B. 290
C. 90
D. 50
38. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.
A. receive completely free education
B. receive parly free education
C. receive no free education if their families are rich
D. receive no free education at all
39. With regard to its size, the USA is the _____ country in the world.
A. largest
B. second largest
C. third largest
D. fourth largest
40. In the following rivers, _____ has been called the American Ruhr.
A. the Mississippi
B. the Missouri
C. the Hudson
D. the Ohio
41. Among the following rivers, _____ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and t he U.S.
A. the Potomac
B. the Columbia
C. the Rio Grande River
D. the Colorado
42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _____.
A. Yale
B. Harvard
C. Oxford
D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
43. The nation’s capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in _____.
A. the American West
B. the Great Plains
C. the Midwest
D. the Middle Atlantic States
44. The Midwest in America’s most important _____ area.
A. agricultural
B. industrial
C. manufacturing
D. mining in dustry
45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that ___ __.
A. separate educational facilities had been illegal
B. educational facilities had been separate but equal
C. educational facilities had been equal
D. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal
46. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in _____.
A. 1882
B. 1883
C. 1900
D. 1924
47. The first immigrants in American history came from ____ and ____.
A. Ireland/France
B. England/China
C. Scotland/England
D. England/Netherland
48. Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of th
e miserable life o
f the _____.
A. early settlers
B. Puritans
C. native Indians
D. black slaves
49. According to American historians and specialists in demography, there are _____ gr eat population movement in the history of the United States.
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. five
50. Many early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in the ___ __.
A. gold mines
B. silver mines
C. coal mines
D. copper mines
51. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.
A. James Madison
B. Thomes Jefferson
C. Alexander Hamilton
D. George Washington
52. On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independerce.
A. the First Continental Congress
B. the Second Continental Congress
C. the Third Continental Congress
D. the Constitutional Convention
53. The victory of _____ was the turning point of the War of Independence.
A. Saratoga
B. Gettysburg
C. Trenton
D. Yorktown
54. Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitu tion. They are knows as _____.
A. the Articles of Confederation
B. the Bill of Right
C. the Civil Rights
D. Federalist Papers
55. President Jefferson bought _____ from France and doubled the country’s territory.
A. New Mexico
B. the Louisiana Territory
C. Kansas
D. Ohio
56. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher _____.
A. Paul Revere
B. John Locke
C. Cornwallis
D. Frederick Douglass
57. During the WWII, the Axis powers were mainly made up by __.
A. Germany, France and Japan
B. France, Japan and Britain
C. Germany, Italy and Britain
D. German, Italy and Japan
58. The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the _____ and _____ conditions.
A. economy/political
B. social/political
C. economy/social
D. political/cultural
59. As a result of WWI, _____ was not one of the defeated nations.
A. Germany
B. Austro-Hungary
C. Ottoman
D. Russia
60. The aim of President Roosevelt’s New Deal was to “save American _____.”
A. economy
B. politics
C. society
D. democracy
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. D
6. C
7. A
8. C
9. B 10. D
11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D
16. B 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. C
21. C 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. A
26. C 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. A
31. D 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. A
36. D 37. C 38. A 39. D 40. D
41.C 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. D
46. A 47. D 48. D 49. C 50. A
51. B 52. B 53. A 54. B 55. B
56. B 57. D 58. C 59. D 60.D
Political System 1. The British Monarchy is hereditary 2. The Constitutional Monarchy started at the end of the __17th __ century. 3. The __ Crown _ is used as a symbol of the whole nation and is described as the representative of the people. 4. The oldest part of British Parliament is _ the House of Lords ___. 5. The decision making organ in British Parliament is __ the Cabinet __. 6. The life of Parliament is fixed at ___ five _ years. 7. The House of Commons consists of _651___ members who are elected from the _651____ electoral districts. 8. The titles of the lords, such as Duke, Marquis, Earl, V iscount and Baron, are __ hereditary __. 9. The quorum in the House of Commons is ___ forty _ members. 10. The _ British government _ _____ is the supreme administrative institution. 11. The __ Cabinet is the core of leadership of the British government. 12. The Privy Council was established in the 15th century when __ Henry V __ was on the throne. 13. Not until ___1937 _ could the cabinet have a legal basis. 14. The number of the cabinet members varies, being generally about ___20 __. 15. The president (or head) of the House of Lords in Britain is __ Lord Chancellor __. 16. ___ The Labour Party _ was formed by the trade unions, cooperatives, the Social Democratic Federation, the Independent Labour Party and the Fabian Society in 1900. 17. It is the _ Prime Minister __ who organizes the Cabinet and presides over its meetings. 18. The Shadow Cabinet is organized by the _ Opposition ___. 19. London, because of its special location, is divided into _32____ boroughs and the city of London. 20. “The Morning Star” is the official paper of the ___ Communist Party __. 21. The following persons except ___ criminals _ have no right to vote. 22. In England and Wales, the jury consists of ___ twelve _ people in criminal and civil cases. 23. Legally any citizen aged from ___18__ to __65___ who has never been sent to prison can be a member of the jury. 24. The head of the police force of a county, etc. is called _ Chief Constable __. 25. A __ barrister ___ appointed to act for the State is called Queen’s Counsel. 26. Now the House of Lords can prevent a bill from passing into a law for __ one year _. 27. The High Court of Justice includes the following divisions except _ the Criminal Division _. 28. During the Civil War, the supporters of the King and the Church were known as _ Loyalists _. I. Fill in the Blanks 1. The present sovereign is __ Queen Elizabeth II ___ _____. 2. Elizabeth II came to the throne on Feb. 6th, _ 1952 3. The vital power lies in the ___ Prime Minister __ _____, and his/her cabinet. 4. The __ Crown ___ is the only legal and constitutional link binding the members of the Commonwealth to the home country and to one another. 5. The British Parliament consists of three elements – the _ Crown ____, the House of __ Lords ___, and the House of _ Commons ____. 6. The British legislature is _ Parliament ____.
学院 专业班级 学 号 姓 名 教室 号 座位 号 . ———— 装 —————订 — ————线——————外——————不——————要——————答 — ———— 题 — ——— ( 第 1 页， 共6 页 ) 页 ) ( 第 2 页， 共 6 页 ) 湖南涉外经济学院2016-2017学年度第 一 学期期末课程 《英语国家概况》考察试卷 专业年级： 2014级商英本科 考核方式：闭卷 考试时量：90分钟 试卷类型： 题 号 一 合计 复核人 应得分 100 实得分 得分 评卷人 复核人 I.You are required to interpret the following terms.（10X5′） One Standard English Two Magna Carta Three The Reformation Four The Seperation of Three Powers Five Thatcherism Six Critical Realism Eight Thanksgiving Day Nine the Lost Generation Ten Industial Revolution II You are required to answer the following questions.(5X10) 1. How does the english language develops into a universal lingua franca? 2. What is the British Empire? 3. What do we know about the Renaissance? 4. Why is American regarded as a “nation of immigrants ”? 5. What is your understanding of “checks and balance ”?
第7章工业革命、美国独立战争和法国革命 7.1 复习笔记 I. The American Revolution II. The French Revolution III. Prerequisites for the Industrial Revolution IV. The Industrial Revolution and Its Consequences 1. The Industrial Revolution 2. Its Consequences I. The American Revolution (美国独立战争) 1. The Navigation Acts (passed in 1651) were intended to increase the prosperity of English merchants and ship builders. 1651年通过了《航海条例》，有利于英国商人和轮船制造者的发展。 2. The process (过程) ①The war broke out in April 1775. ②In October, 1777, the American army won a great battle at Saratoga, which was a turning point. ③By the Treaty of Paris in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the United States.
①战争开始于1775年4月。 ②1777年10月，美国军队取得萨拉托加大捷，这是美国独立战争的转折点。 ③1783年《巴黎和约》，英国承认了美国的独立。 II. The French Revolution (法国革命) 1. The French Revolution broke out in 1789 and Thomas Paine published “The Rights of Man”. 2. In 1793 Britain became the chief leader of a military alliance with Austria and Prussia against revolutionary France. 3. The allies met at the Congress of Vienna and fought for the spoils of victory. England obtained Ceylon, the-Cape of Good Hope, and a number of Spanish, Dutch and French colonies. 1. 1789年，法国革命爆发，潘恩发表《人权宣言》。 2. 1793年，英国联合澳大利亚和普鲁士，反对法国革命。 3. 盟国在维也纳分赃会议上瓜分胜利品。英国得到锡兰，好望角，以及西班牙，荷兰和法国的殖民地。 III. Prerequisites for the Industrial Revolution (工业革命的必要条件) 1. The conditions for the Industrial Revolution : ①the accumulation of capital; ②the development of capitalist farming and the appearance of a labor reserve; ③the expansion of markets, domestic and foreign. 2. Britain’s population grew fast in this period and the people were skilled in
I.Explain the following terms: 1.the British Isles 2.Poets’ Corner 3.EU 4.the Conservative Party 5.the Seven Year’s War 6.WASPs 7.“roaring 20s” 8.melting pot 9.British Empire 10.system of US politic I.Translate the following into Chinese: 1.Westminster Abby 2.the Church of England https://www.doczj.com/doc/705308614.html,monwealth 4.Mr. Speaker 5.Judicial System 6.the Great Charter 7.the House of Plantagenet 8.Puritans 9.monopoly capitalism 10.the first Pan-American Conferencce II.Multi-choices: 1.The longest river in Britain is the _____ River. (Severn, Thames, Mersey, Humber) 2.The leading anthracite coalfields in Britain are in__ (Scotland, England, Wales, ) 3.The English people are descendants of____ (Celts, Roman, Anglo-Saxons) 4.The established church of Britain is___ (the Church of England, Free churches, ) 5.Easter is kept, commemorating the __ (coming, birth, death, resurrection) of Jesus Christ. 6.In Britain, government cannot spend any money without the permission of___. (the Queen, the Prime Minister, the House of Commons, the House of Lords) 7.All the government ministers of Britain must be members of_____. (the House of Lords, the House of Common, the Privy Council, Parliament) 8.___ is the largest state of the US in area.(Hawii, Texas, Alaska, Pennsylvania) 9.The dominant ethnic group in the US today is_____. (the black people, WASPs, Asian Americans, Hispanics) 10.People in the US have kept moving westward for reasons except___. (religious freedom, fertile soil in the West, good climate in the west, discovery gold) 11.The Constitution of the United State was framed in ___in 1787. (Washington, Boston, New York, Philadelphia) 12.The President of the US exercises the ____ power. (legislative, executive, judicial, veto) 13.Congress can veto the President’s veto by a ___ vote of the full membership of Both houses.(two-fifths, two-thirds, three-fourths, three-fifths) 14.The Constitution of US says that only___ can declare war upon other nation.
2013-2014学年度第一学期 英国国家概况期末试题 （考试时间120分钟，总分100分） 班级姓名成绩 得分评卷人复查人 I. Multiple Choice Questions. (50 points, 2 point for each) Directions: In this part of the test, there are 50 unfinished statements or questions. For each of the unfinished statements or questions, four suggested answers, marked A. B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet. I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts： 1.The British Isles are made up of________ A.two large islands and hundreds of small ones B. two large islands and Northern Ireland C. three large islands and hundreds of small ones D. three large islands and Northern Ireland 2. There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain. They are_______ A.Britain，Scotland and Wales B. England，Scotland and Wales C. Britain，Scotland and Ireland D. England，Scotland and Ireland 3.The Commonwealth of Nations is an association of independent countries______ A. that have a large number of British immigrants B. that fought on the side of Britain in the two world wars C. that speak English as their native language D. that were once colonies of Britain 4. About a hundred years ago，as a result of imperialist expansion，Britain ruled an empire that had one fourth of the world's people and ______of the world's land area. A.one third B. one fifth C. one fourth D. two fifths 5.The earliest invasion of England is that by _____. A. the Iberian B. the Danes C. the Celts D. the Anglo-Saxons 6.the Celts religion was _____. A.Christianity B. Druidism C. Norman belief D. Roman Catholic 7.the Anglo-Saxons brought _____ religion to Britain.
4. The 1920s in the United States has been described as a period of .在美国20世纪20年代，被描述为一个物质和精神沮丧的成功 7. When we speak of “father of waters” or “old man river”，we are referring to . 当我们说“水”或“老人河之父”，我们指的是密西西比河
8. Celts were different groups of ancient people who came originally from . 凯尔特人是不同群体的古代人来自德国 13. The ， the backbone of the North American continent， is also known as the Continental Divide.落基山脉，北美大陆的脊梁，也被称为大陆分水岭。
14. To help the British East India Company out of difficulty，the British government allowed the company to sell at a lower price in the colonies through its own people. 为了帮助不列颠东印度公司摆脱困境，英国政府允许公司以较低的价格向殖民地通过自己的人卖茶 21. The first Puritans came to America were on the ship_______. A. Codpeed B. Susan Constant C. May Flower 五月花 D. Discovery
英语专业考研英美概况自测题（一） British Survey Test Part I Geography 1. The total area of the U.K. is _____. A. 211,440 B. 244,110 C. 241,410 D. 242,534 2. England occupies the _____ portion of the U.K. A. northern B. eastern C. southern 3. The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is _____. A. Northern Ireland B. England C. Scotland 4. _____ is on the western prominence between the Bristol Channel and the Dee estuary. A. Wales B. Scotland C. England 5. Wales was effectively united with England in the _____ century. A. 14th B. 15th C. 16th 6. By the Act of Union of _____ Scotland and the kingdom of England and Wales were constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Britain. A. 1707 B. 1921 C. 1801 7. Physiographically Britain may be divided into _____ provinces. A. 13 B. 12 C. 14 8. Mt. Ben Nevis stands in _____. A. the Scottish Highlands B. Wales C. England 9. The main rivers parting in Britain runs from _____. A. north to south B. south to north C. east to west 10. Cheviot hills lie along the border between _____ and England. A. Scotland B. Wales C. Vale of Eden 11. The longest river in Britain is _____. A. Severn B. Clyde C. Bann 12. London is situated on the River of _____. A. Parret B. Thames C. Spey 13. Edinburgh is the capital of _____. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales 14. The rivers flowing into the _____ are mainly short. A. North Sea B. English Channel C. Dee estuary 15. Mt. Snowdon stands in _____. A. Scotland B. Wales C. England 16. The source of the important River Thames is in the _____. A. Cotswolds B. Oxford Clay C. Pennines 17. About _____ of the water requirements are obtained from underground sources. A. 50% B. 38% C. 42% 18. Gaelic is mainly spoken in _____. A. Scotland B. England C. Northern Ireland 19. The Bank of England was nationalized in _____. A. 1964 B. 1946 C. 1694
America The Founding of Colonies殖民地的建立 First Inhabitants：American Indians Discovery of the New World： 1492 Christopher Columbus →the discoverer of America (Italian)Spanish Queen’ s support 1501-2 Amerigo Vespucci →the new land was name after him as America. reached the mouth of Amazon River America—the New World Europe—the Old World 13 colonies： New England Colonies: Mid Atlantic Colonies: Southern Colonies: Massachusetts →（2nd colony，1620）New York Maryland New Hampshire Pennsylvania Virginia →（1st colony，1607）Rhode Island Delaware North Carolina Connecticut South Carolina Georgia →（the last colony，1733）New England Region（6个）: Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Maine and Vermont 建立原因： Virginia, 1607 Virginia Company For foreign expansion as a way of easing religious dispute and economic distress in England 105 men (no women) Jamestown in honor of the king Massachusetts In 1620 102 Puritans (“Pilgrim Fathers”), in Mayflower, from Plymouth in England to America First in Plymouth (today’s Massachusetts); and then Boston Seek religious freedom Mayflower Compact <五月花号公约>：self-government Hardships when arrived the help of the Indians Thanksgiving Day to thank the Indians and the God for protection The next three colonies Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire Reasons: 1. religious disputes and struggles in Massachusetts intensified 2. more immigrants
The industrial revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Britain was the first country to industrialize. The industrial revolution A period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, production, and transportation had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions in Britain. The Industrial Revolution, was a period of unprecedented technological, economic and social change that completely transformed British culture from a largely rural, static society with limited production and division of labour into the world's first modern industrial society. the Black Death It was the deadly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killed between half and one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left untended and labor was short. It caused far-reaching economic consequences. The Black Death----It was one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350. It is widely thought to have been an outbreak of bubonic plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestisis and have started in Central Asia. It came without warning, and without any cue.The Black Death is estimated to have killed30% to 60% of Europe's population and had profound effects on the course of European history. In England, it killed almost half of the total population, causing far-reaching economic consequences. the Progressive Movement The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the economy and social conditions. It spread quickly with the support of large numbers of people across the country. It was not an organized campaign with clearly defined goals.(Rather, it was a number of diverse efforts at political, social, and economic reforms. In spite of limitations of the movement, it brought about changes and improvement in many fields.) Roman Britain was the part of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and about 410. Britannia already had cultural and economic links with Continental Europe, but the invaders introduced new developments in agriculture, urbanisation, industry and architecture, leaving a legacy that is still apparent today. The first Romans to campaign extensively in Britain were
1. The official full name of the United States is usually referred to as . It is often called , , , , or simply , or the “” in American spoken English. 2. National Holiday of US is . 3. Nicknames for the flag include ,,, and which is also the name of the country's official national anthem. 4. served as the political theory behind the American Revolution. 5. On July 4, 1776, the Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence drafted by a committee including and , with most of the work done by . 6. By the Declaration of Independence the United States held its separate and equal position among the powers of the earth, and also by it the United States had been founded, based on the right “.” 7. The American Civil War was in fact a conflict during 1861-1865 in the USA between the Southern or of America and the Northern or . 8. Four great empires—, , , and —had disappeared by the end of WWⅠ. 9. American Attitudes towards WWⅡ were excitedly divided into who opposed any involvement in the European war, and who urged immediate aid to the Allies. 10. The Cold War was an ideological, political, and economic state of tensions, conflicts and hostility from 1945 to 1990 between the USSR and on the one hand, and the US and on the other. 11. The Berlin blockade promoted the signing of and the founding of . 12. is the only “hot war” between the USA and the Soviet Union during the Cold War period.
《英语国家社会与文化入门》模拟试题及参考答案 Part one Fill in the blanks ( 10 points ) 1.The full name of the United Kingdom is . 2.The Good Friday Agreement, known also as , emerged on 10 April 1998. 3., the ancestor of the present queen, Elizabeth II, united England under his rule in 829. 4.written by Geoffrey Chaucer is often studied by middle school and college students today. 5.The Bonfire Night, which is celebrated in November, sometimes is also called . 6.Columbus discovered the New World in the year of . 7.The Three Faiths in the US refer to Protestant, and Jewish. 8.In 1852, a New England woman named Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote a novel titled , which intensified the political debate on slavery. 9.1968 was known in US history as a violent and tragic year in which the great leader of The Civil Rights Movement: was assassinated. 10.The Grand Canyon is carved away for nearly 6 million years by the River. Part two Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question four suggested answers A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statement or answers the question: ( 20 points ) 1.Franklin Roosevelt’s program for the depression was called . a. Progressivism b. laissez faire c. New Freedom d. New Deal 2. The United States did not join the Second World War directly until in December, 1941. a. Great Depression b. Pearl Harbor incident c. the Japanese attack on China d. the German attack on Poland 3. From 1649 to 1658 England was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by Oliver Cromwell as . a. Lord Protector b. Lieutenant General c. Commander of the New Model Army d. President 4. Ireland is in the of Great Britain. a. east b. south c. west d. north 5. WASPs referred to . a. the mainstream Americans b. Hispanics c. Asian-Americans d. Blacks 6. Lincoln's Emancipation proclamation and the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution formally ended . a. the immigration movement b. the Civil War