11级英美概况练习题

1. What is the full name of the U.K.?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1. What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?---- Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election?----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1. What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s?----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for severalreasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2. Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of the service industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employment opportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom?----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuition fees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded than most state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of them are regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News of the World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrants came in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl" in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2. What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’s more,the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore, they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth. When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national laws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1. How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2. What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used U.S. power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America? During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew .a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1. How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S. Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession. The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policies men tioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth. Chapter 121. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。

《英美概况》试题（附答案）《英美概况》I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.A. EuropeB. the United StatesC. AfricaD. the West Indies,6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____.A.Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. Henry IIIB. the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort12. The Hundred Years’ war sta rted in ____ and ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A.30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorB. C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.A. 1900B. the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. 196022. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _____ rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____.A.the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionB. C. little money being invested D. the labour shortage24. Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with _____.A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include _____.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _____ passes sentenced and _____ decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. ____ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates’ courtsB. Youth courtsC. district courtsD. The Crown Court32. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of _____.A. the England secretariesB. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in _____ and based at first on _____.A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except _____.A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefit35. Except that _____ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none.A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools37. There are some ____ universities, including the Open University.B. 290C. 90D. 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive parly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all39. With regard to its size, the USA is the _____ country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest40. In the following rivers, _____ has been called the American Ruhr.A. the MississippiB. the MissouriC. the HudsonD. the Ohio41. Among the following rivers, _____ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S.A. the PotomacB. the ColumbiaC. the Rio Grande RiverD. the Colorado42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _____.B. HarvardC. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of Technology43. The nation’s capital city Washington D.C. and New York ar e located in _____.A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic States44. The Midwest in America’s most important _____ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining in dustry45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that _____.A. separate educational facilities had been illegalB. educational facilities had been separate but equalC. educational facilities had been equalD. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal46. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in _____.A. 1882B. 1883C. 1900D. 192447. The first immigrants in American history came from ____ and ____.A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England/Netherland48. Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which givea vivid description of the miserable life of the _____.A. early settlersB. PuritansC. native IndiansD. black slaves49. According to American historians and specialists in demography, there are _____ great population movement in the history of the United States.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five50. Many early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in the _____.A. gold minesB. silver minesC. coal minesD. copper mines51. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.A. James MadisonB. Thomes JeffersonC. Alexander HamiltonD. George Washington52. On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independerce.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Third Continental CongressD. the Constitutional Convention53. The victory of _____ was the turning point of the War of Independence.A. SaratogaB. GettysburgC. TrentonD. Yorktown54. Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution. They are knows as _____.A. the Articles of ConfederationB. the Bill of RightC. the Civil RightsD. Federalist Papers55. President Jefferson bought _____ from France and doubled the country’s territ ory.A. New MexicoB. the Louisiana TerritoryC. KansasD. Ohio56. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher _____.A. Paul RevereB. John LockeC. CornwallisD. Frederick Douglass57. During the WWII, the Axis powers were mainly made up by __.A. Germany, France and JapanB. France, Japan and BritainC. Germany, Italy and BritainD. German, Italy and Japan。

《英美概况》I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.A. EuropeB. the United StatesC. AfricaD. the West Indies,6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____.A.Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestB. C. the Viking and Danish invasion D. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. Henry IIIB. the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort12. The Hundred Years’ war sta rted in ____ and ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A.30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorB. C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in theNorth America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.A. 1900B. the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. 196022. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _____ rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____.A.the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionB. C. little money being invested D. the labour shortage24. Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with _____.A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include _____.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _____ passes sentenced and _____ decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. ____ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates’ courtsB. Youth courtsC. district courtsD. The Crown Court32. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of _____.A. the England secretariesB. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in _____ and based at first on _____.A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except _____.A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefit35. Except that _____ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none.A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools37. There are some ____ universities, including the Open University.A. 900B. 290C. 90D. 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive parly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all39. With regard to its size, the USA is the _____ country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest40. In the following rivers, _____ has been called the American Ruhr.A. the MississippiB. the MissouriC. the HudsonD. the Ohio41. Among the following rivers, _____ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S.A. the PotomacB. the ColumbiaC. the Rio Grande RiverD. the Colorado42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _____.A. YaleB. HarvardC. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of Technology43. The nation’s capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in _____.A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic States44. The Midwest in America’s most important _____ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining in dustry45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that _____.A. separate educational facilities had been illegalB. educational facilities had been separate but equalC. educational facilities had been equalD. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal46. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in _____.A. 1882B. 1883C. 1900D. 192447. The first immigrants in American history came from ____ and ____.A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England/Netherland48. Uncle To m’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable lifeof the _____.A. early settlersB. PuritansC. native IndiansD. black slaves49. According to American historians and specialists in demography, there are _____ great population movement in the history of the United States.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five50. Many early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in the _____.A. gold minesB. silver minesC. coal minesD. copper mines51. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.A. James MadisonB. Thomes JeffersonC. Alexander HamiltonD. George Washington52. On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independerce.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Third Continental CongressD. the Constitutional Convention53. The victory of _____ was the turning point of the War of Independence.A. SaratogaB. GettysburgC. TrentonD. Yorktown54. Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution. Theyare knows as _____.A. the Articles of ConfederationB. the Bill of RightC. the Civil RightsD. Federalist Papers55. President Jefferson bought _____ from France and doubled the country’s territory.A. New MexicoB. the Louisiana TerritoryC. KansasD. Ohio56. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher _____.A. Paul RevereB. John LockeC. CornwallisD. Frederick Douglass57. During the WWII, the Axis powers were mainly made up by __.A. Germany, France and JapanB. France, Japan and BritainC. Germany, Italy and BritainD. German, Italy and Japan58. The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the _____ and_____ conditions.A. economy/politicalB. social/politicalC. economy/socialD. political/cultural59. As a result of WWI, _____ was not one of the defeated nations.A. GermanyB. Austro-HungaryC. OttomanD. Russia60. The aim of President Roosevelt’s New Deal was to “save American _____.”　A. economyB. politicsC. societyD. democracy答案I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices.1. B2. C3. A4. D5. D6. C7. A8. C9. B 10. D 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. B 17. A 18.D 19. A 20. C 21. C 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. A 31. D 32. D 33. A 34. D 35.A 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. D 40. D 41.C 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. D 46. A 47. D 48. D 49. C 50. A 51.B 52.B 53. A 54. B 55. B 56. B 57. D 58.C 59.D 60. D 61. C 62. B 63. D 64. C 65. D 66. D 67. B 68. C 69.C 70.D 71. B 72. B 73. B 74. D 75. DII. Fill in the blanks:1. Ceographically speaking, the north and west of Britain are _______, while the east and south-eastare mostly______.2. Welsh is located in the ______ of Great Britain.3. The ancestors of the English ______, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish the ______.4. In the mid-5th century, three Teuronic tribes ______, _____, and _____ invaded Britain. Among them,the _____ gave their name to English people.5. The battle of _______ witnessed the death of Harold in October, 1066.6. Under William, the ______ system in England was completely established.7. The property record in William’s time is known as ______, which was compiled in _____.8. _____’s grave became a place of pilgrimage in and beyond chaucer’s time after he was murdered.9. ______ was the deadly bubonic plague, which reduced England’s population from four million to______ million by the end of the 14th century.10. One of the consequences of the Uprising of 1381 was the emergence of a new class of ______farmers.11. James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in ______.12. During the Civil War, the Cavaliers supported ________, while the Roundheads supported_______.13. After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a ______, later, he became _________.14. In 1707, the Act of _______ united England and ______.15. The two parties originated with the Glorious Revolution were _____ and _______. The former werethe forerunners of the ______ Party, the latter were of the ______ party.16. In 1765, the Scottish inventor _____ produced a very efficient _____ that could be applied to textileand other machinery.f the world.17. After the Industrial Revolution, Britain became the “______” o18. During the Second World War ________ led Britain to final victory in 1945.19. In 1974 and 1977, the two ______ shock caused inflation to rise dramatically.20. Natural gas was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under _______.21. _______ has Europe’s largest collection of foreign owned chip factories.22. New industries in Britain include______, ______ and other high-tech industries.23. The party which wins the second largest number of seats becomes the official ______, with its ownleader and “______ cabinet”.24. The Prime Minister is appointed by ______, and his/her official residence is _____.25. There are two tiers of local government throughout England and Wales: _____ and ______.26. The criminal law in Britain presumes the _____ of the accused until he has been proved guiltybeyond reasonable doubt.27. The jury usually consists of _______ persons in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and _____persons in Scotland.28. The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the UK is _______.29. In Britain the welfare state applies mainly to _____, national insurance and ______.30. The two established churches in Britain are ____ and _____.31. Education in the UK is compulsory for all between the ages of (______ in Northen Ireland) and_____.32. In the past children in Britain were allocated to different secondary schools on the basis of selection tests known as _______, which was replaced by ______.33. Education after 16 in the UK is divided into _____ and ______.34. The most-known universities in Britain are _____ and _____ which date from the _____ and _____centuries.35. In ____, Alaska and Havaii became the 49th and 50th states.36. In the Great Lakes, only _____ belongs to U.S. completely while the other four are shared withGanada.37. _______ is separated from the main land by Canada.38. The Rockies, the backbone of the North American Continent, is also known as _____.39. _____ is the largest continental state in area in the U.S.40. The West can be divided into three parts: the Great Plains, the Rocky Mountains and _____.41. The South is the headquarters of a large segment of the ______ and ________ industry.42. New England is sometimes called the ______ of America.43. _______ is considered to be one of the characteristics of the American people since one in fivemoves to a new home every year.44. The first blacks were brought to north America as slaves in _____.45. The largest group of Asian-Americans are the ______.II. Fill in the blanks:1. highlands, lowlands2. west3. Anglo-Saxons, Celts4. Jutes, Saxons, Angles, Angles5. Hastings6. feudal7. Domesday Book, 10868. Thomas Becket9. Black Death, two 10. yeomen 11. the Divine Right of Kings 12. the king, the Parliament 13. Commonwealth, L ord Protector 14. Union, Scotland 15. Whigs Tories Liberal Conservative 16. James Watt steam engine 17. workship 18. Winston Churchill19. oil 20. the North Sea 21. Scotland 22. microprocessors and computer, biotechnology23. Opposition, shadow 24. the Queen, No. 10 Downing 25. country councils, districtcouncils 26. innocence 27. 12, 15 28. the House of Lords 29. the National Health Service,social security 30. the Church of England, the Church of Scotland 31. 5, 4, 16 32.eleven-plus, comprehensive schools 33. further education, high education34. Oxford, Cambridge, 12th, 13th 35. 1959 36. Lake Michigan 37. Alaska 38. the ContinentalDivide 39. Texas 40. the Intermountain Basin and Plateau 41. rocket/missile 42. birthplace43. Mobility 44. 1619 45. Chinese-AmericansIII. Explain the following terms.1. the Hardian’s Wall: I t was one of the two great walls built by the Romans to keep the Picts out ofthe area they had conquered.2. Alfred the Great Alfred was a strong king of the wisemen. It was created by the Anglo-Saxons toadvise the king. It’s the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.3. William the Conqueror William was Duke of Normandy. He landed his army in Oct, 1066 anddefeated king Harold. Then he was crowned king of England on Christams Day the same year. Heestablished a strong Norman government and the feudal system in England.4. the battle of Hastings In 1066, King Edward died with no heir, the Witan chose Harold as king.William, Duke of Normandy, invaded England. On October 14, the two armies met near Hasting.After a day’s battle, Harold was killed and his army completely defeated. So this battle was very important on the way of the Roman conquest.5. Domesday Book Under William, the feudal system was established. William sent officials tocompile a property record known as Domesday Book, which completed in 1086. It was the result of ageneral survey of England made in 1085. It stated the extent, value, the population, state of cultivation, and ownership of the land. It seemed to the English like the Book of doom on JudgementDay.6. the Great Charter King John’s reign caused much discontent among the barons. In 1215, he wasforced to sign a document, known as Mangna Cara, or the Great Charter. It has 63 clauses. Thoughit has long been regarded as the foundation of English liberities, its spirit was the limitation of theking’s powers, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.7. the Hundred Years’ War It referred to the intermittent war between France and England that lastfrom 1337 to 1453. The causes were partly territorial and partly economic. When Edward III claimedthe French Crown but the French refused to recognize, the war broke out. At first the English weresuccessful, but in the end, they were defeated and lost almost all their possessions in France. Theexpelling of the English was a blessing for both countries.War. She8. Joan of Arc She was a national heroine of France during the Hundred Years’　successfully led the French to drive the English out of France.9. the Black Death It was the deadly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killedbetween half and one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left untended andlabour was short. It caused far-reaching economic consequences.10. the Wars of Roses They referred to the battles between the House of Lancaster and the House ofYork between 1455 and 1485. The former was symbolized by the red rose, and the latter by the whiteone. After the wars, feudalism received its death blow and the king’s power became supreme. Thdor monarchs ruled England and Wales for over two hundred years.daughter and a devout Catholic. When she became Queen, she11. Bloody Mary Henry VIII’ｓpersecuted and burnt many Protestants. So she was given the nickname “Bloody Mary”. Mary is als remembered as the monarch who lost the French port of Calais.12. Elizabeth I One of the greatest monarchs in British history. She reigned England, Wales andIreland for 45 years and remained single. Her reign was a time of confident English nationalism andof great achievements in literature and other arts, in exploration and in battle.13. Oliver Cromwell The leader during the Civil War who led the New Model Army to defeat the kingand condemned him to death. Then he declared England a Commonwealth and made himself Lord ofProtector. He ruled England till the restoration of charles II in 1660.14. the Bill of Rights In 1689, William and Mary accepted the Bill of Rights to be crowned jointly.The bill excluded any Roman Catholic from the succession, confirmed the principle of parliamentarysupremacy and guaranteed free speech within both the two Houses. Thus the age of constitutionalmonarchy began.15. Whigs and Tories It referred to the two party names which originated with the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The Whigs were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the rightto religious freedom for Noncomformists. The Tories were those who supported hereditary monarchyand were reluctant to remove kings. The Whigs formed a coalition with dissident Tories and becamethe Liberal Party. The Tories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.16. James Watt The Scottish inventor who produced an efficient steam engine with rotary motionthat could be applied to textile and other machinery.17. Winston Churchill Prime Minister of Britain during the Second World War. He took over Chamberlain in 1940 and received massive popular support. He led his country to final victory in1945. He was defeated in the general election of 1945, but returned to power in 1951.ed like an18. Agribusiness It refers to the new farming in Britain, because it’s equipped and managindustrial business with a set of inputs into the farm of processes which occur on the farm, andoutputs or products which leave the farm. The emphasis is upon intensive farming, designes to givethe maximum output of crops and animals.19. the British Constitution There is no written constitution in the United Kingdom. The BritishConstitution is not set out in any single document, but made up of statute law, common law andconventions. The Judiciary determines common law and interpret statues.20. Queen Elizabeth II The present Sovereign, born in 1926, came to the throne in 1952 and wascrowned in 1953. The Queen is the symbol of the whole nation, the center of many national ceremonies and the leader of society.21. the Opposition In the General Election, the party which wins the second largest number of seatsbecomes the offcial Opposition, with its own leader and “shadow cabinet”. The aims of the Oppositio are to contribute to the formulation of policy and legislation, to oppose government proposals, toseek amendments to government bills, and to put forward its own policies in order to win the nextgeneral election.22. the Privy Council Formerly the chief source of executive power. It gave the Sovereign privateadvice on the gov ernment of the country. Today its role is mainly formal, advising the (“privy”)Sovereign to approve certain government decrees and issuing royal proclamation. Its membership isabout 400.23. common law A written law gathered from numerous decisions of the courts and other sources.24. the jury A legal system established in England since king Henry II. The jury consists of ordinary,independent citizens summoned by the court: 12 persons in England, Wales and Northern Ireland,and 15 persons in Scotland. In criminal trials by jury, the judge passes sentence but the jury decidethe issue of guilt or innocence.25. the NHS The National Health Service was established in the UK in 1948 and based first on Actsof Parliament. This Service provides for every resident a full range of medical services. It is basedupon the principle that there should be full range of publicly provided services designed to help theindividual stay healthy. It is now a largely free service.26. comprehensive schools State secondary schools which take pupils without reference to abilityand provide a wide-ranging secondary education for all or most of the children in a district. About 90per cent of the state secondary school population in GB attend comprehensive school.27. public schools Fee-paying secondary schools which are longestablished and have gained a reputation for their high academic standards, as well as their exclusiveness and snobbery. The boysfamous schools public schools include such well-known schools as Eton and Harrow, and girls’　include Roedean. Most of the members of the British Establishment were educated at a public school.28. the Great Lakes The Great Lakes are the most important lakes in the United States. They areLake Superior, which is the largest fresh water lake in the world, Lake Michigan —— the only one entirely in the U.S. ——Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are all located between Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan.29. New England New England is made up of six states of the North-East. They are Maine, NewHampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. It is sometimes called the birthplace of America.30. baby boom “baby boom” refers to the great increase of birth rate between 1946 and 1964. Peopleborn in this period are called baby bammers.31. the Chinese Exclusion Act It was passed by the U.S. Congress in may, 1882. It stopped Chinese immigration for ten years.32. the Bill of Rights In 1789, James Madison introduced in the House of Representations a seriesof amendments which later were drafted into twelve proposed amendments and sent to the states forratification. Ten of them were ratified in 1791 and became the first ten amendments to the Constitution —— the Bill of Rights.33. the Emancipation Proclamation During the Civil war, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation to get more support for the Union at home and abroad. It granted freedom to all slaves.34. the Constitutional Convention In 1787, a conference was held in Philadelphia to consider whatshould be done to make the Articles of Confederation adequate. All the delegates agreed to revise theArticles of Confederation and draw up a new plan of government. After struggle, the Constitution wasratified at last. This conference is called the Constitutional Convertion.35. the Progressive Movement The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding governmentregulation of the economy and social conditions. It spread quickly with the support of large numbersof people across the country. It was not an organized campaign with clearly defined goals.36. the Peace Conference The Peace Conference or the Paris Conference, began on January 18,1919. The conference was actually a conference of division of colonies of Germany, Austro-Hungaryand the Ottoman Empire and the grabbing of as much as possible from the defeated nations. It wasdominated by the Big Four (the United States, Britain. France, and Italy)37. the Truman Doctrine: On March 12, 1949, President Truman put forward the Truman Doctrinein a speech to the joint session of Congress. The Truman Doctrine meant to say that the U.S. government would support any country which said it was fighting against Communism.38. the Marshall Plan On June 5, 1947, the Secretary of State George Marshall announced theMarshall Plan, which meant that in order to protect Western Europe from possible Soviet expansion,the United States decided to offer Western European countries economic aid.39. the New Frontier It was the President Kennedy’s program which promised civil rights for blacks, federal aid to farmers and to education, medical care for all and the abolition of poverty.40. checks and balances:The government is divided into three branches, the legislative, the executive and the judicial, eachhas part of the powers but not all the power. And each branch of government can check, or block, theactions of the other branches. The three branches are thus in balance. This called “checks and balances”．IV. Answer briefly the following questions.1. What do you know about the Roman invasion of Britain? —— In 55 BC and 54 BC, Julius Caesar, a Roman general, invaded Britain twice. In AD 43, the Emperor Claudius invaded Britainsuccessfully. For nearly 400 years Britain was under the Roman occupation, though it was never atotal occupation. British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion.2. Why did the William the Conqueror invade England after Edward’s death?—— It was said that king Edward had promised the English throne to William but the Witan chose Harold as king. SoWilliam led his army to invade England. In October 1066, during the important battle of Hastings,William defeated Harold and killed him. On Christmas Day, William was crowned king of England,thus beginning the Norman Conquest of England.3. What were the consequences of the Norman Conquest?——The Norman Conquest of 1066 isone of the best known events in English history. It brought about many consequences. William confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rulewith a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England.Relations with the Continent were opened, and civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners, and architecture were been introduced. The churchwas brought into closer connection with Rome, and the church courts were separated from the civilcourts.4. What were the contents and the significance of the Great Charter?—— The Great Charter, orthe Magna Carta, was document signed in 1215 between the barons and king John. It had altogether63 clauses, of which the most important contents were these: (1) no tax should be made without theapproval of the Grand Council; (2) no freeman should be arrested, imprisoned, or deprived of hisproperty except by the law of the land; (3) the church should possess all its rights and privileges; (4)London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privileges; (5) there should be thesame weights and measures throughout the country. The Great Charter was a statement of the feudal and legal relationship between the Crown and the barons, a guarantee of the freedom of theChurch and a limitation of the powers of the king. The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitationof the powers of the king, but it has long been regarded as the foundation of English liberties.5. What do you know about the English Renaissance?——Renaissance was the revival of classical literature and artistic styles in European history. It began in Italy in the early 14th centuryand spread to England in the late 15th century. The English Renaissance had 5 characteristics: (1)English culture was revitalized not so much directly by the classics as by contemporary Europeansunder the influence of the classics; (2) England as an insular country followed a course of social andpolitical history which was to a great extent independent of the course of history else where in Europe; (3) Owning to the great genius of the 14th century poet chaucer, the native literature wasvigorous enough and experienced in assimilating foreign influences without being subjected by them;。

1 《英美概况》I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices: 1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____. A. Scafell B. Ben Nevis C. the Cotswolds D. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _____. A. the Clyde B. the Mersey C. the Severn D. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _____. A. the Lough Neage B. Windermere Water C. Coniston Water D. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting? A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____. A. Europe B. the United States C. Africa D. the West Indies,6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____. A. the Normans B. the Celts C. the Iberians D. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____. A. Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English. A. John B. James I C. EgbertD. Henry I 9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey. A. 1056 B. 1066 C. 1006 D. 1060 10. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty. A. Windsor B. Tudor C. Malcolm D. Plantagenet 11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament. A. Henry III B. the Pope C. Barons D. Simon de Montfort 40 美国概况练习题： 1 The world-famous Havard University is in _____. A Massachusetts B New York C Washington D.C.D Maine 2 Which of the following statements about American education is wrong? A Elementary and secondary education in America is free and compulsory B Private schools are financially supported by religious or nonreligious private organizations or individuals. C There are more public colleges and universities than the private ones D Credits taken at community colleges are normally applicable to requirement for a four-year bachelor’s degree. 3 _____ is a symbol of American theatre and world-class entertainment. A Broadway B Wall Street C The Fifth Avenue D Times Square 4 ____ is not a tourist attraction in the United States. A Yellowstone National Park B Grand Canyon C St. Patrick’s Cathedral D Stonehenge 5 ____ was an actor before he became the President. 41 A Ronald Reagan B Abraham Lincoln C Herbert Hoover D Jimmy Carter 6 New Englanders were originally known as _____, which come to stand for all Americans. A Hippies B Yankees C Uncle Sam D Brother Jonathan 7 On the 30th of April 1789, George Washington took the oath of office in _____, which housed the government then. A New York B Washington D.C. C Philadelphia D Boston 8 Which of the following people was not an American President? A John Hancock B John Adams C John Q. Adams D Jimmy Carter 9 Henry Fond was the first man to _____. A design a plane B fly an aeroplane C mass-produciton D design and make a car 10 “That government of the people, by the people, for the people, …”were the words by _____. A Thomas Jefferson B Abraham Lincoln C Andrew Johnson D Theodore Roosevelt 练习题答案及题解: 1 A, 哈佛大学位于马萨诸塞州的剑桥(Cambridge)镇。

《英美概况》试题（附标准答案）《英美概况》试题(附答案)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：《英美概况》I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.A. EuropeB. the United StatesC. AfricaD. the West Indies,6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____.A.Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. Henry IIIB. the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort12. The Hundred Years’ w ar starte d in ____ and ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A.30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorB.C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position ofindustrial leadership.A. 1900B. the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. 196022. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _____ rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____.A.the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionB.C. little money being invested D. the labour shortage24. Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with _____.A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include _____.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _____ passes sentenced and _____ decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. ____ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates’ courtsB. Youth courtsC. district courtsD. The Crown Court32. London’s Metropolitan P olice Force is under the control of _____.A. the England secretariesB. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in _____ and based at first on _____.A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except _____.A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefit35. Except that _____ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none.A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools37. There are some ____ universities, including the Open University.A. 900B. 290C. 90D. 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free education。

British Survey TestPart I GeographyI.Multiple Choice1.The total area of the U.K. is __D___.A. 211,440B. 244,110C. 241,410D. 242,5342.England occupies the __C___ portion of the U.K.A. northernB. easternC. southern3.The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is ___B__.A. Northern IrelandB. EnglandC. Scotland4.__A___ is on the western prominence between the Bristol Channel and the Deeestuary.A. WalesB. ScotlandC. England5.Wales was effectively united with England in the ___A__ century.A. 14thB. 15thC. 16th6.By the Act of Union of ____C_ Scotland and the kingdom of England and Waleswere constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Britain.A. 1707B. 1921C. 18017.Psysiographically Britain may be divided into ___A__ provinces.A. 13B. 12C. 148.Mt. Ben Nevis stands in ___A__.A. the Scottish HighlandsB. WalesC. England9.The main rivers parting in Britain runs from _A____.A. north to southB. south to northC. east to west10.Cheviot hills lie along the border between ___B__ and England.A. ScotlandB. WalesC. Vale of Eden11.The longest river in Britain is _A____.A. SevernB. ClydeC. Bann12.London is situated on the River of ___B__.A. ParretB. ThamesC. Spey13.Edinburgh is the capital of __B___.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Wales14.The rivers flowing into the ____B_ are mainly short.A. North SeaB. English ChannelC. Dee estuary15.Mt. Snowdon stands in ____B_.A. ScotlandB. WalesC. England16.The source of the important River Thames is in the ___A__.A. CotswoldsB. Oxford ClayC. Pennines17.About ____B_ of the water requirements are obtained from underground sources.A. 50%B. 38%C. 42%18.Gaelic is mainly spoken in __A___.A. ScotlandB. EnglandC. Northern Ireland19.The Bank of England was nationalized in _B____.A. 1964B. 1946C. 169420.Britain is basically an importer of __D___.A. foodB. raw materialsC. manufacturesD. both A and B21.British farmers produce enough food to supply _A____ of the needs of thepopulation.A. 2/3B. 4/5C. 1/222.Britain’s main cereal crop is ___C__.A. oatsB. cornC. barleyD. rye23.The center of the Britain financial system is __A___.A. Bank of EnglandB. Bank of BritainC. Bank of U.K.24.The three Germanic tribes that invaded Britain include the following except___C__.A. the AnglesB. the SaxonsC. the PictsD. the Jutes25.“Black Country” refers to __B___.A. countryside in EnglandB. an area around BirminghamC. a country in Africa26.The second largest port in Britain is _C____.A. LondonB. BelfastC. Liverpool27.The capital city of Northern Ireland is ___B__.A. CardiffB. BelfastC. Leith28.Celtic tribes began to settle in Britain from about ___B__ B.C.A. 410B. 750C. 30029.The U.K. is rich in the following except __C___.A. coalB. ironC. goldD. tin30.The decrease of British population is caused by the following except _D____.A. limitation of immigrationB. fall of the birth rateC. fall of death rateD. unemployment31.The proportion of the English in the whole population is __B___.A. 60%B. 80%C. 70%32.The Queen’s University is in the city of __A___.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. Manchester33.The contribution made by the Normans to Britain is the following except__D___.A. final unification of EnglandB. foundation of aristocracyC. great administrative progressD. some peculiarities of dialect34.About __A___ percent of the population live in cities or towns.A. 80B. 85C. 9035.The land available for farming in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Irelanddoes not exceed __A__ million acres.A. 30B. 25C. 4036.The highest mountain in England is _C____.A. Mt. MourneB. Mt. SnowdonC. Mt. Seafell37.The second largest city in England is __B___.A. GlasgowB. BirminghamC. Manchester38.The modern Scots and Irish are the descendants of _A____.A. GaelsB. BritonsC. Anglo-Saxons39.Scotland occupies the __B___ portion of Great Britain.A. southernB. northernC. western40.By the Act of Union in __A___, the name United Kingdom of Great Britain andIreland was adopted.41.__C___ has its own national church and its own system of law.A. WalesB. Northern IrelandC. Scotland42.The _B____ End includes Westminster, St. James’ PalaceA. EastB. WestC. North43.___D__ includes London, the centre of government for the whole nation.A. ScotlandB. Northern IrelandC. WalesD. EnglandII.Fill in the Blanks1.The U.K. is situated in _____ Europe.2.The full title of the U.K. is the United Kingdom of _____ _____ and __________.3.The U.K. consists of England, _____, _____ and Northern Ireland.4.The largest part of U.K. is _____.5.The capital of England and of Great Britain is _____.6._____ _____ is composed of six Irish counties that elected to remain in the unionwith Great Britain.7.The name United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was replaced by thepresent name after the 26 counties of Ireland obtained autonomy in _____.8.The highest mountain in Britain is _____ _____.9.The “Backbone of England” refers to the _____.10.Natural gas was discovered in Britain in the _____ _____.11.The most important river is the River of _____.12.The political centre of the Commonwealth is _____.13.Belfast Lough and Lough Neagh lie in _____ _____.14.The climate of Britain is moderated by the _____ _____ _____ and is muchmilder than that of many places in the same latitude.15.Britain’s Industrial Revolution took place between _____ and _____.16.The Bank of England was founded in _____.17.The population of the U.K. is more than _____ million.18.Britain is basically an exporter of _____.19.The population of the U.K. consists of the English, the Welsh, the Scottish andthe _____.20.In Wales many people speak _____.21.People sing the national anthem in _____.22.The earliest invasion is that by the _____-haired Mediterranean race called theIberians.23.The modern _____ and _____ are the descendants of the Gaels of the Celtictribes.24.The Britons of the Celtic tribes were the forefathers of the modern _____.25.Greater London is made up of 12 _____ London boroughs and _____ OuterLondon boroughs.26.The International festival of music and the arts is held every year in the city of_____.27.The British national anthem is _____ _____ _____ _____.28.The U.K. lies to the _____ of France.29.Westminster, the area of central government administration is situated in the_____ End.30.River _____ flows through Glasgow.31.Mt. Seafell stands in _____.32.The source of the River _____ is in the Cotswolds.33.The capital city of Wales is _____.34.The United Kingdom is rich in _____, iron, tin, copper, lead and silver.III.Define the Following Terms1.“Backbone of England”2.Greater London3.Celts4.The “Irish Question”IV.Answer the Following Questions1.What are the major factors influencing the British weather characterized by amoderate temperature and plenty of rainfall?2.Why is United Kingdom said to be a trading nation?3.What are the general characteristics of the British economy?Part II HistoryI.Multiple Choice1.Julius Caesar invaded Britain _____.A. onceB. twiceC. three times2.King Arthur was the king of _____.A. PictsB. CeltsC. ScotsD. Jutes3.The first “King of the English” was _____.A. AlfredB. EgbertC. BedeD. Ethelred4.Christianity was introduced into England in the late _____ century.A. 14thB. 8thC. 6th5.In 1653 _____ was made Lord Protector for life.A. Oliver CromwellB. Charles IC. William II6.The three great Germanic tribes: the Anglos, the _____ and the Jutes whichinvaded Britain form the basis of the modern British people.A. SaxonsB. ScotsC. WelshD. Wessex7.The head of the church in Anglo-Saxon times was _____.A. the King of Denmark and NorwayB. the king of EnglandC. Julius CaesarD. the Archbishop of Canterbury8.The _____ invaded England in the earliest time.A. DanesB. IberiansC. RomansD. Celts9.The Vikings who invaded England at the turn of the 8th century came from_____.A. NorwayB. DenmarkC. FranceD. both A and B10.Edward was known as the “_____” because of his reputation for saintliness.]A. ConfessorB. ConquerorC. Protector11.Norman Conquest began in _____.A. 1016B. 1066C. 103512.In history _____ was nicknamed “King of Lackland”.A. JohnB. Henry IC. Henry II13.In 1181 Henry II issued the _____ which made it compulsory for every freemanin England to be provided with arms.A. Inquest of SheriffsB. Assize of ArmsC. Doomsday Book14.Henry Plantagenet, in 1154, established the House of Angevin as _____.A. Henry IB. Henry IIC. Henry III15.Henry II appointed in 1162 _____ Archbishop of Canterbury.A. Thomas BecketB. Stephen LangtonC. Simon de Mortfort16.Charles I was beheaded in _____.A. 1649B. 1648C. 165317.It was _____ who summoned Model Parliament in 1295.A. Edward IB. Henry IVC. Simon de Montfort18.The Great Charter contained _____ sets of provisions.A. twoB. fourC. three19.The Peasants Uprising in 1381 was led by _____.A. Henry TurnerB. Watt TylerC. Richard20.The English Church was strictly _____.A. nationalB. internationalC. regional21.The Glorious Revolution in 1688 was in nature a _____.A. coup d’etatB. racial slaughterC. peasant rising22.The Industrial Revolution laid a good foundation for the _____.A. factory of the worldB. expansion of marketsC. social upheaval23.The American Revolution (the American War of Independence) broke out in_____ and ended in _____.A. 1775, 1783B. 1774, 1782C. 1786, 178424.The Battle of Hastings took place in _____.A. 1606B. 1042C. 106625.The Great Charter was signed by _____ in 1215.A. King Henry IIB. King RichardC. King John26.In the early 14th century feudalism began to _____ in England.A. growB. flourishC. declineD. end27.It was _____ who published the book “The Rights of Man”.A. Thomas MoreB. Thomas PaineC. Thomas Jefferson28.The first Prime Minister was _____.A. WilmintonB. George GrenvilleC. Robert Walpole29.The Parliament of 1265 which is known as the “_____”is considered the“beginning of parliament”.A. All Estates ParliamentB. Model ParliamentC. Long Parliament30.The Anglo-French hostility which began in 1337 and ended in 1453 was knownas _____.A. the Wars of RosesB. the Hundred Years’ WarC. Peasant Uprising31.In the first half of 17th century _____ grow rapidly in England.A. feudalismB. capitalismC. Catholicism32.Prime Minister _____ resisted any reform that could be resisted.A. PalmerstonB. Robert PeelC. Gladstone33.By the end of the Hundred Years’War only the port of _____ remained underEnglish rule.A. TroyesB. GasconC. Calais34.In the 14th century took place the _____, the severest of many plagues in themiddle ages.A. EarthquakeB. Black DeathC. Drought35._____ and his followers, known as Lollards, provided ideological preparation forthe labour movement of the 14th century.A. John WycliffeB. Watt TylerC. Somerset36.By the end of the Wars of the Roses the House of _____ began.A. TudorB. LancasterC. Plantagenet37.In the “_____” of 1388 five lords accused the King’s friends of treason under avery expansive definition of crime.A. All Estates parliamentB. Merciless ParliamentC. Model Parliament38.In the Wars of the Roses the Lancastrians wire badges of _____ rose.A. whiteB. redC. pinkD. yellow39.The first Civil War in Britain lasted from _____ to _____.A. 1600, 1604B. 1640, 1644C. 1642, 164640.William Shakespeare is mainly a _____.A. novelistB. dramatistC. poet41.In 1689 the “Bill of Rights” was passed. _____ began in England.A. The Constitutional MonarchyB. All Estates ParliamentC. House of Lancaster42.The _____ carried on trade relations with Russia and central Asian countries.A. Moscow CompanyB. Eastland CompanyC. East India Company43._____ started the slave trade in the second part of the 16th century.A. John HawkinsB. Francis DrakeC. Diaz44.In 1534 Parliament passed the “_____”, according to which Henry VIII wasdeclared the head of the English Church.A. the Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Act of Settlement45.Under Elizabeth I _____ was restored, and she was declared “governor” of thechurch.A. the Roman ChurchB. the Catholic ChurchC. the Anglican Church46.In 1337 the hostility between England and _____ resulted in the Hundred Years’War.A. FranceB. SpainC. Russia47.The religious persecution mainly existed during the reign of _____.A. CromwellB. Charles IC. Henry VIII48.England first became a sea power in the time of _____.A. Henry VIIB. Elizabeth IC. Victoria49.The Industrial Revolution first started in _____.A. the iron industryB. the textile industryC. the coal industry50.From 1688 to 1783 English Parliament was mainly controlled by the party of_____.A. ToryB. WhigC. Labour51.The English Prime Minister during the Second World War was _____.A. ChurchillB. ChamberlainC. Baldwin52.At the End of _____ century, the East India Company was formed.A. 15thB. 16thC. 14th53.The Seven Years War between England and France lasted from _____ to _____.A. 1756, 1763B. 1713, 1720C. 1754, 176154.In 1689 Parliament passed “_____”, limiting the powers of the crown.A. Habeas Corpus ActB. the Bill of RightsC. Navigation Act55._____ contrasted the first successful steam locomotive.A. George StephensonB. Samuel CromptonC. James Hargreaves56.The “Peterloo Massacre” took place in _____.A. BirminghamB. LiverpoolC. Manchester57.Between 1911 and 1914 took place the following strikes except _____.A. railway strikeB. strike of the postmenC. coal strikeD. strike of the transport58.The Victorian Age was over the _____ began.A. Edwardian AgeB. Georgian AgeC. Elizabethan Age59.The _____ government surrendered to the British invaders and was forced to signthe first unequal Treaty of Nanjing in 1842.A. IndianB. QingC. IrishD. Spanish60.The Great Charter was essentially a _____.A. Culture MovementB. colonial documentC. feudal document61._____ broke out two years after the Hundred Years’ War with France.A. The Bore WarB. The Wars of the RosesC. Queen Annes’ War62.The Reformation was a product of _____.A. the RenaissanceB. the Chartist MovementC. the Hundred Years’ War63.The greatest dramatist of the English Renaissance was _____.A. ShakespeareB. MiltonC. ChaucerD. Bacon64.The English Revolution marks the beginning of the _____ period of capitalism.A. feudalB. modernC. colonialD. medieval65.By the _____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.A. Declaratory ActB. Treaty of ParisC. Treaty of Montgomery66.The Chartist Movement began in _____ and reached its height in _____.A. 1845, 1858B. 1828, 1835C. 1839, 184867.In 1840 Britain launched an aggressive war against _____.A. FranceB. IndiaC. ChinaD. America68._____ formed a coalition government in 1940.A. Winston ChurchillB. Lloyd GeorgeC. Neville Chamberlain69.By the _____ the British dominions became independent states in all but name.A. Statue of WestminsterB. Locarno TreatyC. Disputes Act70.The Fabians Society was founded in 1883, including intellectuals such as _____.A. William Shakespeare & Ben JonsonB. Christopher Marlowe & John MiltonC. G. B. Shaw & H. G. Wells71.Before WWII _____ relied on appeasement of the European dictators to reducetensions that might lead to war.A. Neville Chamberlain A. Stanley BaldwinC. Winston Churchill72.During WWII, Britain, America, France, Soviet Union and other antifascistcountries formed a united international alliance which was called _____.A. Locarno TreatyB. Grand AllianceC. Statute of Westminster73.The first coalition government during WWI was organized when _____ was thePrime Minister.A. Lloyd GeorgeB. Herbert AsquithC. Stanley Baldwin74.When Germany invaded _____ which was neutral, Britain declared war onGermany on 4 August, 1914.A. AustriaB. RussiaC. BelgiumD. PolandII. Fill in the Blanks1.At about 3000 BC, some of the _____ settled in Britain.2.About 122 AD, in order to keep back the Picts and Scots, the _____ builtHadrian’s Wall.3.The real Roman conquest began in _____.4._____ _____’s “Paradise Lost” was published in 1667.5.Beowulf, considered the greatest Old English poem, is assigned to _____ Times.6._____ was considered the first national hero.7.On Christmas Day 1066 Duke _____ was crowned in Westminster Abbey.8.In history John was nicknamed King of _____.9.John signed the document in 1215, which in history was called the Great Charteror _____ _____.10.In 1086 William had his official to make a general survey of the land, known as_____ Book.11.The most famous scholar during Anglo-Saxon Times was _____.12.The Battle of _____ paved the way for the Norman Conquest to England.13.The Norman Conquest increased the process of _____ which had begun duringthe Anglo-Saxon Times.14.Duke William was known in history as William the _____.15.Along with the Normans came the _____ language.16.The English parliament originated in the _____ _____.17.The head of the _____ was Archbishop of _____.18.The _____ _____ in 1688 was in nature a coup d’etat.19.The People’s Charter included _____ points such as universal male suffrage.20.The corrupt Qing government surrendered to Britain and was forced to sign thefirst unequal Treaty of _____ in 1842.21.After the Crimean War _____ was forced not to fortify Sebastopol.22.The third collection of the poll tax in the early part of 1381 became the fuse of_____ _____ rising.23.The Wars of the Roses broke out between the _____ and the _____.24.The Enclosure Movement began in the _____ century.25.By the treaty of _____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.26.In _____ Britain launched the Opium War against China.27.The East India Company formed at the end of the 16th century was one of _____companies.28.After the Reformation the Roman Catholic Church was _____, the EnglishChurch was strictly _____.29.Mary I re-established Catholicism and burnt three hundred Protestants, for whichshe was called “_____” Mary.30.“Renaissance”means “_____”, i.e. Europe rediscovering its origins in thecultures of ancient Greek and Rome.31.During the Renaissance, the thinkers who worked for freedom and enlightenmentwere called “_____”.32.The nature of the Wars of the Roses was a _____ _____ war.33.By the beginning of the Tudor reign the manor system was replaced by the _____system.34.In the summer of 1588 the Spanish ships, the _____ _____ was defeated byEnglish ships.35.The greatest English humanist was Sir _____ _____ whose work _____ became ahumanistic classic in the world literature.36.English Renaissance began in _____ century.37.The House of _____ was notorious for its absolutist rule.38.During the Civil Wars (1642 –1648) the supporters of Parliament were called_____ while the supporters of the King Charles I were called _____.39.In 1653 Cromwell was made _____ _____ for life and started his militarydictatorship openly.40.The Seven Years War was ended by the Treaty of _____.41.The first two parties appeared in England were the _____ and the _____.42.The basic point of the People’s Charter is _____ _____.43.In 1764 James Hargreaves invented the _____ _____.44.From 1863 to the end of the century Britain had been carrying a foreign policy of_____ _____.45.The Parliament passed the Act of _____ in 1701, excluding James Catholic sonfrom the succession.46.After Charles I was beheaded in 1649 England was declared a _____.47.In September 1939 Germany invaded _____, thus Britain and France declaredwar on Germany.48.The Industrial Revolution started during the last part of the _____ century.49.The steam engine was invented by _____ _____ in 1769.50.Samuel Crompton invented the _____ _____ in 1779.51.Edmund Cartwright invented the _____ _____ in 1785.52.Upon the completion of the _____ _____ by 1850 England became the workshopof the world.53.In 1868 the first Trade Union Congress met in _____.54.In 1534 Parliament passed the “_____ _____ _____”.55.On the eve of WWI the Triple Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and_____ was formed.56.The First World War was an imperialist war as well as a _____ war because itwas not confined only to Europe. It lasted _____ years.57.At the _____ _____ _____, the League of Nations was established and the Treatyof Versailles was signed.58.The _____ _____ of 1926 was Austen chamberlain’s chief claim to fame asforeign secretary.59.On May 7, 1945, _____ surrendered unconditionally.60.It was _____ _____ who led the country during the “miracle of Dunkirk”.61.When George I began the Houses of Hanover in 1714, the _____ system wasestablished.III. Explain the Following Terms1.The Norman Conquest2.The Glorious Revolution3.The Chartist Movement4.The Opium War5.The Hundred Years’ War6.Black DeathIV. Answer the Following Questions1.What, in your opinion, are the main causes for the slow growth of Britain’seconomy since the Second World War?2.What is the importance Simon de Mortfort hold in British history (with specialreference to his role in the creation of the Parliament system)?3.What importance did King Alfred hold in British history?Part III CultureI.Multiple Choice1.All children in the UK must, by law, receive a full-time education from the age of_____ to _____.A. 5, 16B. 6, 17C. 7, 182.In state schools the letters A, B and C are often used to describe “_____”orparallel classes.A. gradeB. formC. streams3.Public schools belong to the category of the _____ schools.A. stateB. independentC. local4.The pupils who had got the highest marks in the “eleven plus” examination wouldgo to _____ school.A. grammarB. technicalC. secondary modern5.Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest universities dating from _____ and _____.A. 1167, 1284B. 1234, 1325C. 1335, 14276.There are over _____ universities in Britain.A. thirtyB. fortyC. fifty7.The two features of Oxford and Cambridge are the college system and the _____.A. records of attendanceB. governing councilC. tutorial system8.The universities of St. Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh are called thefour _____ universities.A. oldB. newC. Scottish9.The _____ university offers courses through one of BBC’s television channelsand by radio.A. openB. newC. middle aged10.Buckingham University is and _____ university which was established in 1973.A. independentB. openC. old11.The second centre of the British press is in _____.A. LondonB. the Fleet StreetC. Manchester12.In Britain great majority of children attend _____ schools.A. stateB. independentC. religious13.In Britain education at the age from 5 to 16 is _____.A. optionalB. compulsoryC. self-taught14.The oldest university in Britain is _____.A. CambridgeB. EdinburghC. Oxford15.British newspapers possess the following features except _____.A. freedom of speechB. fast deliveryC. monoplied by one of the five large organizationD. no difficulty for independent newspapers to survive16.The earliest newspaper in Britain is _____.A. Daily MailB. Daily TelegraphsC. The TimesD. Guardian17._____ is the oldest Sunday newspaper in Britain.A. Sunday TimesB. The ObserverC. The peopleD. News of the World18.The most humorous magazine is _____.A. New SocietyB. Private EyeC. PunchD. Spectator19.In the UK there are about _____ dailies and over _____ weeklies.A. 130, 1000B. 200, 800C. 160, 120020.There are _____ national daily newspapers which appear every morning excepton Sundays.A. nineB. sevenC. eight21.The Daily Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph support the _____.A. Liberal PartyB. Labour PartyC. Conservative Party22.The Economist, New Statesman, Spectator are _____.A. journalsB. daily newspapersC. local papers23.BBC was founded in _____ and chartered in _____ as an independent publiccorporation.A. 1922, 1927B. 1292, 1297C. 1822, 182724.The Exchange Telegraph Co. Ltd. is a _____ news agency.A. publicB. governmentalC. localD. private25.The BBC is mainly financed by _____.A. payment from all people who possess TV setsB. the income from advertisementsC. some large corporationsD. British government26.The most famous broadcasting company in Britain is _____.A. British Broadcasting CorporationB. Independent Broadcasting AuthorityC. Reuters27.Reuters was founded in the year of _____.A. 1518B. 1815C. 185128.The new headquarters’ building of _____ is at 85 Fleet Street, London.A. BBCB. the Press Association Ltd.C. the Exchange Telegraph Co. Ltd.29._____ is regarded as the most English of games.A. CricketB. SoccerC. Rugger30._____ claims the highest popular attendance in Britain.A. Rugby footballB. Association footballC. Baseball31._____ “pools” provide amusement for millions of people who bet on the results ofmatches.A. Association footballB. BaseballC. Cricket32.The annual _____ championships at Wimbledon, in London, are the most famousin the world.A. hockeyB. tennisC. netball33._____ racing is chiefly a betting sport.A. HorseB. BoatC. Dog34.Hurdle or steeplechase racing takes up the winter months, leading to its climax inthe Grand National Steeplechase at _____ in March.A. LondonB. EdinburghC. Liverpool35.It was _____ who first revolutionized scientific thought in Britain.A. Francis BaconB. Thomas NewcomerC. James Watt36._____ discovered the circulation of food.A. Francis GlissonB. William HarveyC. George Stephenson37.The Royal Society was founded in _____ in _____.A. London, 1660B. Liverpool, 1660C. London, 176038.The Royal Society reached the summit of its prestige in 1703, when _____became its president.。

1. What is the full name of the .?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1. What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?---- Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect.She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election? ----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1. What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s? ----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for several reasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2. Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of the service industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employmentopportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom? ----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuition fees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded than most state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of them are regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News of the World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost . the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrants came in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl" in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2. What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing . relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’s more, the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocatedfree trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore, they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth. When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the . constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a . citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a . citizen for no less than seven years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national laws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1. How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the . as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2. What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used . power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1. How did the constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The . Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession. TheReagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policies mentioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth.Chapter 121. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。

《英美概略》复习卷I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:B1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the Cotswold ’sD. the ForthC2. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the ThamesA3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake DistrictD4. Which part of Britain is always fightingA. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem IrelandC5. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-SaxonsB6. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 1060D7. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. Henry IIIB. the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de MontfortB8. The Hundred Years’ war started in ____ andended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, BrestA9. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A.30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorB. C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry TudorC10. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A.England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 15B11. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A.1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, PlymouthA12. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious ReformationC13. Soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its economic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.A. 1900B. the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. 1960C14. Britain ’ s foreign trade is mainly with _____.A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealthcountries C. other developed countries D. ECA15. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime MinisterC16. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 651C17. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of LordsD18. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of CommonsA19. The sources of British law include _____.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Communitylaw B. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Communitylaw D. a complete code and statutesD20. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schoolsA21. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive partly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at allD22. With regard to its size, the USA is the _____ country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largestC23. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _____.A. YaleB. HarvardC. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyD24. The nation’ s capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in _____.A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic StatesA25. The Midwest in America st’ impsmortant _____ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining industryD26. The first immigrants in American history came from ____ and ____.A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. ScotlandEnglandD. EnglandUncle Tom ’ s Cabinand Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable life of the _____.A. early settlersB. PuritansC. native IndiansD. black slavesA28. Many early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in the _____.A. gold minesB. silver minesC. coal minesD. copper minesB29. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.A. James MadisonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Alexander HamiltonD. GeorgeWashington B30. On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independence.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Third Continental CongressD. the Constitutional ConventionB31. Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution. They are knows as _____.A. the Articles of ConfederationB. the Bill of RightC. the Civil RightsD. Federalist PapersB32. President Jefferson bought _____ from France and doubled the country’ s territory.A. New MexicoB. the Louisiana TerritoryC. KansasD. OhioD33. During the WWII, the Axis powers were mainly made up by __.C. Germany, Italy and BritainD. German, Italy and JapanＢ34. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the _______ and the NorthＣ35. Ireland is divided into two political parts: _______ .A.Northern Ireland and southern IrelandB.Southern Ireland and the Republic of IrelandC.the Republic of Ireland and Northern IrelandD.Northern Ireland and BritainＢ36. In 1932, in the depth of the depression, the American people chose _______ as their next president who promised a "new deal" to get America out of depression.A. TheodoreB. Franklin D. RooseveltC. Woodrow WilsonD. Herbert HooverＢ37. Martin Luther King, Jr., a young black clergyman, became a national leader of the _______ Movement.A. BoycottB. Civil RightsC. SegregationD. IntegrationＡ38. The cultivated land in the U.S. makes up _______ of the total land, and people who are engaged in farming make up only % of the total population.Ｄ39. The Constitution of the United States provides that _______ shall be President of the Senate.Ｄ40. Of all the symbols, _______ , which are considered to represent fertility and new life: are those most frequently associated with Easter.A. the pumpkin and the turkeyB. the lamb and the beefC. the spring peas andthe potatoes D. the egg and the rabbitＢ41. The history of the U.S. is generally agreed to have begun in _____.Ｄ42. The following states are among the first thirteen colonies except _____.Ｂ43. The colonial life can be described as the following except _____.Ａ44. The First Continental Congress was held in _____ in September, 1774.Ｂ45. The American War of Independence started in _____ and ended in _____.Ａ46. The first ten amendments, known as _____, were added to the Constitution in 1791.A. the Bill of RightsB. the ArticlesC. Civil RightsD. the Great CharterB47. Julius Caesar invaded Britain _____.A. onceB. twiceC. three timesD. four timesD48. The Vikings who invaded England at the turn of the 8th century came from _____.A. NorwayB. DenmarkC. FranceD. both A and BB49. Norman Conquest began in _____.A. 1016B. 1066C. 1035D. 1600B50. The Anglo-French hostility which began in 1337 and ended in 1453 was known as _____.A. the Wars of RosesB. the Hundred Years ’ WarC.Peasant UprisingD. the Civil War C51. Bythe end of the Wars of the Roses the House of _____ began.A. TudorB. LancasterC. PlantagenetD. YorkB52.In the Wars of the Roses the Lancastrians wire badges of _____ rose.A. whiteB. redC. pinkD. yellowB53.William Shakespeare is mainly a _____.A. novelistB. dramatistC. poetD. actorB54.England first became a sea power in the time of _____.A. Henry VIIB. Elizabeth IC. VictoriaD. Henry VIIIA55.The greatest dramatist of the English Renaissance was _____.A. ShakespeareB. MiltonC. ChaucerD. BaconB56.By the _____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.A. Declaratory ActB. Treaty of ParisC. Treaty of MontgomeryD. the Declaration of IndependentB57.The _____ part of America consists of high plateaus and mountains formed by the Great Cordillera Range.A. easternB. westernC. NortheasternD. SouthernC58. Among the five Great Lakes, only _____ is wholly within the United States.A. ErieB. SuperiorC. MichiganD. OntarioC59. Hawaii is in the _____ Ocean.A. AtlanticB. IndianC. PacificD. ArcticC60. _____ is the largest state in area in the U.S.A.A. FloridaB. LouisianaC. AlaskaD. HawaiiC61. The United States today is the _____ largest country in size in the world.A. thirdB. fifthC. fourthD. secondB62.The _____ were the original inhabitants in America.A. blacksB. IndiansC. Puerto RicansD. BritishB 63. The ___ is used as a symbol of the whole nation and is described as the representative of the people.A. Prime MinisterB. CrownC. ParliamentD. CabinetA64.The House of Commons consists of ____ members who are elected from the ____ electoral districts.A. 651, 651B. 535, 535C. 635, 635D. 630,630A65.The _____ _____ is the supreme administrative institution.A. British governmentB. British ParliamentC. OppositionD. Privy CouncilA66.The _____ is the core of leadership of the British government.A. CabinetB. Privy CouncilC. CrownD. ParliamentA67.It is the _____ who organizes the Cabinet and presides over its meetings.A. Prime MinisterB. Lord PresidentC. SpeakerD. QueenB68.The Judicial Branch is headed by _____.A. the Supreme CourtB. CongressC. PresidentB69.The general election in America is held every _____ years.A. 5B. 4C. 6D. 3A70.The symbol of the US Democratic Party is _____.A. donkeyB. elephantC. eagleD. HorseB71._____ has the sole right to interpret the Constitution.A. The CabinetB. The Supreme CourtC. PresidentD. CongressB72.The symbol of the US Republic Party is _____.A. tigerB. elephantC. donkeyD. eagleB73.The US Federal Government is composed of the following except _____.A. the legislativeB. the standing committeeC. the judicialD. the executiveB74.The number of Congressmen from each state varies depending on _____.A. the size of the areaB. the size of the populationC. the traditionD. the wealthB75.The law-making or the legislative body in the government is _____.A. the Supreme CourtB. the CongressC. the CabinetD. the president’ s committeeC76. The members in the Senate must be at least _____ years old and those in the Representative _____ years old.A. 40, 30B. 30, 26C. 30, 25D. 25, 30B77. The students of the universities in the second year are called ________.A. juniorB. sophomoreC. freshmanD. seniorA78. An undergraduate student has to earn a certain number of______in order to receive a degree at the end of four years study.A. credits C. scores D. classesC79. What is the national anthem of the United KingdomA. Rule Britannia of HarlechC. God Save the King (Queen)Low Sweet ChariotB80. Which Scottish lake is supposedly home to a mythical monsterA. Lough NeaghB. Loch NessC. Lake WindermereD. Loch LomondD81. What is the capital city of Northern IrelandA. EdinburghB. CardiffC. LondonD. BelfastA82. Which language is sometimes used in ScotlandA. GaelicB. WelshC. CornishD. IrishB83. Which Roman Emperor built a wall to separate BritainA. CaesarB. HadrianC. NeroD. AugustusA84. Which Anglo-Saxon king is considered Britain’ s first national heroA. Alfred the GreatB. Henry the EighthC. William the ConquerorD. Charles the SecondD85. Which of the following houses won the War of the Roses (1455-1485)A. The House of YorkB. The House of SussexC. The House of EssexD. The House of LancasterA86. Which of the following countries sent an‘ Armada’ to attack Britain in 1588A. SpainB. PortugalC. ItalyD. GermanyC87. Which Queen ruled Britain from 1837 to 1901A. MaryB. Elizabeth IC. VictoriaD. Elizabeth IID88. Which of the following British cities is one of the major financial centres of the worldA. ManchesterB. EdinburghC. CardiffD. LondonD89. Who is the commander-in-chief of the United States armed forcesA. A SenatorB. The Vice PresidentC. A Supreme Court JusticeD. The PresidentA. SATsB. ACTsC. GCSEsD. A-LevelsB91. What is the upper house of the British Parliament calledHouse of Representatives B. The House of LordsC. The SenateD. CongressD92. Which of the following foods is a traditional British mealA. NoodlesB. SnailsC. TapasD. Fish and ChipsC93. During which festival is it traditional to give and receive chocolate eggsA. ChristmasB. Remembrance DayC. EasterD. New Year ’ s DayB94. Which of the following sports is traditionally played by British peopleA. Ice HockeyB. CricketC. LacrosseD. BaseballC95. Who wrote the original draft of the Declaration of IndependenceA. George WashingtonB. George BushC. Thomas JeffersonD. Abraham LincolnA96. During the American Civil War, what were the eleven southern slave statescalled A. The Confederate States of AmericaB. The United States of AmericaC. The UnionD. The Tea PartyB97. Which American President created na economic plan called the‘ New Deal’A. Herbert HooverB. Franklin D. RooseveltC. Ronald ReaganD. John F. KennedyD98. What is the oldest university in the United StatesA. Columbia UniversityB. Stanford UniversityC. Brown UniversityD. Harvard UniversityB99. Which of the following institutions is part of the Judicial Branch of the federal governmentA. The House of RepresentativesB. The Supreme CourtC. The SenateD. CongressB100. How often are Presidential elections heldA. Every 3 yearsB. Every 4 yearsC. Every 5 yearsD. Every 6 yearsII. Fill in the blanks:1.Geographically speaking, the north and west of Britain are highlands, while the east and south-east are mostly lowlands.2.Welsh is located in the west of Great Britain.3.The ancestors of the English Anglo-Saxons, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish the Celts_.4.In the mid-5th century, three Teutonic tribes Jutes_, Saxons_, and Angles_ invaded Britain. Among them, the Angles_ gave their name to English people.5.The battle of Hastings__ witnessed the death of Harold in October, 1066.6.Under William, the feudal___ system in England was completely established.7.The property record in William’ s time is knownDomesdayas Book , which was compiled in 1086_.8.The outstanding leader of the Civil Rights Movement was _Martin____ _Luther____ _King____.9._Black Death__ was the deadly bubonic plague, whichreduced England ’ s population from four million to two___ million by the end of the 14 th century.10.America participated in the Second World War in the year _1941____.11.James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in _the Divine Right of Kings_.12. During the Civil War, the Cavaliers supported the king , while the Roundheads supported the parliament.13.After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a _Commonwealth_____, later, he becameLord protector ________.14. In 1707, the Act of Union united England and Scotland.15.The two parties originated with the Glorious Revolution were _Whigs____ and _Tories______. Theformer were the forerunners of the _liberal_____ Party, the latter were of the _conservative_____party.16.The dropping of the two atom bombs by America forced _Japan____ to surrender unconditionally.17.After the Industrial Revolution, Britain became the “workshop_____” of the world.18.During the Second World War _Winston Churchill_______ led Britain to final victory in 1945.19. The direct cause that the U.S. entered WWII was the Japanese sudden raid of the’ s US _Pearl Harbour____.20.Natural gas was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under _the North Sea______.21.The party which wins the second largest number of seats becomes the official _opposition_____,with its own leader and _shadow“_____ cabinet ” .22. The Prime Minister is appointed by _the Queen_____, and his/her official residence is _No. 10 Downing Street____.23. There are two tiers of local government throughout England and Wales: _country councils____ and_district councils_____.24.The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the UK is _the House of Lords______.25.The two established churches in Britain are _the Church of England___ and _the Church ofScotland____.26. Education in the UK is compulsory for all between the ages of５(__４ ____ in Northen Ireland)and __１６ ___.27.In the past children in Britain were allocated to different secondary schools on the basis ofselection tests known as _eleven plus____, which was replaced by comprehensive schools._cation after 16 in the UK is divided into _ ｈｉｇｈｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ____ and _ｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｅｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ_____.29.The most-known universities in Britain are _Ｏｘｆｏｒｄ ____ and _Ｃａｍｂｒｉｄｇｅ ____which date from the _ １２ｔｈ ____ and _１３ｔｈ ____ centuries.30. In the Great Lakes, only _ＬａｋｅＭｉｃｈｉｇａｎ____ belongs to . completely while theother four are shared with Canada.31._Ａｌａｓｋａ ______ is separated from the main land by Canada.32.The Rockies, the backbone of the North American Continent, is also known as _ｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｉｎｅｎｔａｌＤｉｖｉｄｅ____.33._Ｔｅｘａｓ ____ is the largest continental state in area in the .34.New England is sometimes called the ｂｉｒｔｈｐｌａｃｅ _____ of America.35. The largest group of Asian-Americans are the ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓ__36.It was _Ｃｏｌｕｍｂｕｓ ____ who first discovered the America in 1492.37.The War of _Ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｃｅ ____ broke out in 1775 and ended in 1783.38.The First World War broke out on July 28th in １９１４ ____.39.In 1620 some English Puritans sailed to Plymouth on a ship calledＭａｙｆｌｏｗｅｒ____.40.On July 4th, 1776, the document called the Declaration of _Ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｃｅ____ wasaccepted by the American Congress.41.Lexington Fire was the _ｐｒｅｌｕｄｅ ____ of the War of Independence.42.In 1803 the United States purchased Louisiana from Ｆｒａｎｃｅ ____.43.The Great Depression of 1929 - _１９３３ ____ shook the United States and the whole capitalistworld to its foundation.44.The _ｃｏｌｄ ____ _ｗａｒ ____ policy went into effect by the spring of 1947 when Truman Doctrine came forth.45.By the end of _１９ｔｈ ____ century, the . had become the most powerful country in the world.46.The first great tide from 1840 to 1860 in America was the _westward____ movement.47.The famous novel _“Uncle Tom ’ s Cabin ” byMrs. Stowe aroused a great and universal hatred for slavery.48.In _1607____ the first group of English colonists came to America.49.The _second____ World War was a destructive war and an anti-fascist war.50.Along with the Normans came the _French____ language.51.The Wars of the Roses broke out between the _the House of York__ and the __House of Lancaster__.52.In the summer of 1588 the Spanish ships, the Spanish Armada was defeated by English ships.53.During the Civil Wars (1642 –1648) the supporters of Parliament were called Parliamentarians while the supporters of the King Charles I were called __ Royalists.54.After Charles I was beheaded in 1649 England was declared a Commonwealth.55.The U.K. is situated in the north-west coast of Europe.56. The full title of the U.K. is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland .57.The U.K. consists of England, Welsh, Scotland and Northern Ireland.58.The capital of England and of Great Britain is London.59. The most important river is the River of Thames .60.The International festival of music and the arts is held every year in the city of Edinburgh .61.The capital city of Wales is Cardiff .62.The U.S. is bounded by Canada on the north and by Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico on the south.63.To the west of America lies the Pacific Ocean.64.To the east of America lies the Atlantic Ocean.65.The Western part is made up of the highlands formed by the Appalachian Range.66.The United States includes 50 states and a 1 district, the District of Columbia.67.The five Great Lakes lie between the boundary of Canada and the United States.68.The United States is situated in the South part of North America.69.The British Parliament consists of three elements –the Sovereign, the House of Commons, andthe House of Lords.70.The House of Lords is also called the Upper House.71.The Lords and the Commons share the same building of the Palace of Westerminster.72.The Prime Minister works and lives in the famous residence, No. ten Downing Street.73.The two major parties in Britain are the Labour Party and the Conservative Party.74.The balance is always kept among the three branches of the power of the government and thisis called the “ Systemcheckof and balance”.75.The official presidential residence is the White House.76 The American Congress is made up of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives.77.In the US the chief function of Congress is to make laws.78.There are 100 members in the Senate.79.The two main parties are the Democratic and the Republican Party.80.Only the Supreme Court has the right to interpret the constitution.81.Each of the fifty states of US elects 2 senators.82.The Federal Constitution consists of 7 articles and 27 amendments.two oldest universities in Britain are Oxford and Cambridge.84.There are three academic degrees in Britain. They are Bachelor’s, Master’sand Doctor’sdegree.85.Two-year college were called community“ colleges . ”86.New England is located in the Northeast corner of the country.87.The U.S. government is divided into three branches: the legislative, the executive and the judiciary.88.The State of California now has surpassed New York as the most populous state.89.In 1620, the Pilgrims sailed to the New World in a ship called Mayflower.90.Between 1607 and 1733 the British established _13__ colonies along the east coast of North America.91.The name of American Indian was given by ___Columbus____.92. The federal system refers to the division of political power into federal government andstate government93.Thanksgiving Day is an holiday only celebrated in U.S. for people to express gratitude.94.Four most popular sports in the U.S. are American football, basketball, baseball, and ice hockey.95.Funs for education of the U.S. come from three levels: federal, state, and local.96.The cold war is between the Soviet Union and the United States.97.The first successful English settlement was in Jamestown.98.The British national newspapers can be divided into quality newspaper and popular newspaper.99.Walking under a ladder is considered to be bad luck.100.Two important exams in the U.S. are SAT and ACT。

英国概况III. Explain the following terms.1. the Hardian's Wall:It was one of the two great walls built by the Romans to keep the Picts out of the area they had conquered.2. Alfred the GreatAlfred was a strong king of the wisemen. It was created by the Anglo-Saxons to advise the king. It's the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.3. William the ConquerorWilliam was Duke of Normandy. He landed his army in Oct, 1066 and defeated King Harold. Then he was crowned king of England on Christmas Day the same year. He established a strong Norman government and the feudal system in England.4. the battle of HastinasIn 1066, King Edward died with no heir, the Witan chose Harold as king. William, Duke of Normandy, invaded England. On October 14, the two armies met near Hasting. After a day's battle, Harold was killed and his army completely defeated. So this battle was very important on the way of the Roman conquest.5. Domesdav BookUnder William, the feudal system was established. William sent officials to compile a property record known as Domesday Book, which completed in 1086. It was the result of a general survey of England made in 1085. It stated the extent, value, the population, state of cultivation, and ownership of the land. It seemed to the English like the Book of doom on Judgment Day.6. the Great CharterKing John's reign caused much discontent among the barons. In 1215, he was forced to sign a document, known as Mangna Cara, or the Great Charter. It has 63 clauses. Though it has long been regarded as the foundation of English liberties, its spirit was the limitation of the king's powers, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.7. the Hundred Years' WarIt referred to the intermittent war between France and England that last from 1337 to 1453. The causes were partly territorial and partly economic. When Edward III claimed the French Crown but the French refused to recognize, the war broke out. At first the English were successful, but in the end, they were defeated and lostalmost all their possessions in France. The expelling of the English was a blessing for both countries.8. Joan of ArcShe was a national heroine of France during the Hundred 'Yfears' War. She successfully led the French to drive the English out of France.9. the Black DeathIt was the deadly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killed between half and one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left untended and labour was short. It caused far-reaching economic consequences.10. the Wars of RosesThey referred to the battles between the House of Lancaster and the House of York between 1455 and 1485. The former was symbolized by the red rose, and the latter by the white one. After the wars, feudalism received its death blow and the king's power became supreme. Tudor monarchs ruled England and Wales for over two hundred years.11. Bloodv MarvHenry VIH's daughter and a devout Catholic. When she became Queen, she persecuted and burnt many Protestants. So she was given the nickname "Bloody Mary". Mary is also remembered as the monarch who lost the French port of Calais.12. Elizabeth IOne of the greatest monarchs in British history. She reigned England, Wales and Ireland for 45 years and remained single. Her reign was a time of confident English nationalism and of great achievements in literature and other arts, in exploration and in battle.13. Oliver CromwellThe leader during the Civil War who led the New Model Army to defeat the king and condemned him to death. Then he declared England a Commonwealth and made himself Lord of Protector. He ruled England till the restoration of Charles II in 1660.14. the Bill of RiahtsIn 1689, William and Mary accepted the Bill of Rights to be crowned jointly. The bill excluded any Roman Catholic from the succession, confirmed the principle of parliamentary supremacy and guaranteed free speech within both the two Houses. Thus the age of constitutional monarchy began.15. Whias and ToriesIt referred to the two party names which originated with the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The Whigs were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Nonconformists. The Tbries were those who supported hereditary monarchy and were reluctant to remove kings. The Whigs formed a coalition with dissident Tbries and became the Liberal Party. The Tbries were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.16. James WattThe Scottish inventor who produced an efficient steam engine with rotary motion that could be applied to textile and other machinery.17. Winston ChurchillPrime Minister of Britain during the Second World War. He took over Chamberlain in 1940 and received massive popular support. He led his country to final victory in 1945. He was defeated in the general election of 1945, but returned to power in 1951.18. AaribusinessIt refers to the new farming in Britain, because it's equipped and managed like an industrial business with a set of inputs into the farm of processes which occur on the farm, and outputs or products which leave the farm. The emphasis is upon intensive farming, designs to give the maximum output of crops and animals.19. the British ConstitutionThere is no written constitution in the United Kingdom. The British Constitution is not set out in any single document, but made up of statute law, common law and conventions. The Judiciary determines common law and interprets statues.20. Queen Elizabeth IIThe present Sovereign, born in 1926, came to the throne in 1952 and was crowned in 1953. The Queen is the symbol of the whole nation, the center of many national ceremonies and the leader of society.21. the ODDOsitionIn the General Election, the party which wins the second largest number of seats becomes the official Opposition, with its own leader and "shadow cabinet". The aims of the Opposition are to contribute to the formulation of policy and legislation, to oppose government proposals, to seek amendments to government bills, and to put forward its own policies in order to win the next general election.22. the Privy CouncilFormerly the chief source of executive power. It gave the Sovereign private ("privy”) advice on the governmentof the country. Today its role is mainly formal, advising the Sovereign to approve certain government decrees and issuing royal proclamation. Its membership is about 400.23. Common lawA written law gathered from numerous decisions of the courts and other sources.24. the iuryA legal system established in England since king Henry II. The jury consists of ordinary, independent citizens summoned by the court: 12 persons in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and 15 persons in Scotland. In criminal trials by jury, the judge passes sentence but the jury decide the issue of guilt or innocence.25. the NHSThe National Health Service was established in the UK in 1948 and based first on Acts of Parliament. This Service provides for every resident a full range of medical services. It is based upon the principle that there should be full range of publicly provided services designed to help the individual stay healthy. It is now a largely free service.26. comprehensive schoolsState secondary schools which take uuuils without reference to abilitv and provide a wide-ranaina secondary education for all or most of the children in a district. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school uouulation in GB attend comprehensive school.27. public schoolsFee-paying secondary schools which are long-established and have gained a reputation for their high academic standards, as well as their exclusiveness and snobbery. The boys' public schools include such well-known schools as Eton and Harrow, and girls' famous schools include Roedean. Most of the members of the British Establishment were educated at a public school.1. What do you know about the Roman invasion of Britain? ------- I n 55 BC and 54 BC, Julius Caesar, a Roman general, invaded Britain twice. In AD 43, the Emperor Claudius invaded Britain successfully. For nearly 400 years Britain was under the Roman occupation, though it was never a total occupation. British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion.2. Why did the William the Conqueror invade England after Edward's death? ------- It was said that king Edward had promised the English throne to William but the Witan chose Harold as king. So William led his army to invade England. In October 1066, during the important battle of Hastings, William defeated Harold and killed him. On Christmas Day, William was crowned king of England, thus beginning the Norman Conquest of England.3. What were the consequences of the Norman Conquest? ------- The Norman Conquest of 1066 is one of the best known events in English history. It brought about many consequences. William confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England. Relations with the Continent were opened, and civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners, and architecture were been introduced. The church was brought into closer connection with Rome, and the church courts were separated from the civil courts.4. What were the contents and the significance of the Great Charter? ---------- T he Great Charter, or the Magna Carta, was document signed in 1215 between the barons and king John. It had altogether 63 clauses, of which the most important contents were these: (1) no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council; (2) no freeman should be arrested, imprisoned, or deprived of his property except by the law of the land;(3) the church should possess all its rights and privileges; (4) London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privileges; (5) there should be the same weights and measures throughout the country. The Great Charter was a statement of the feudal and legal relationship between the Crown and the barons, a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the powers of the king. The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitation of the powers of the king, but it has long been regarded as the foundation of English liberties.5. What do you know about the English Renaissance? ---------- Renaissance was the revival of classical literature and artistic styles in European history. It began in Italy in the early 14th century and spread to England in the late 15th century. The English Renaissance had 5 characteristics: (1) English culture was revitalized not so much directly by the classics as by contemporary Europeans under the influence of the classics; (2) England as an insular country followed a course of social and political history which was to a great extent independent of the course of history else where in Europe; (3) Owning to the great genius of the 14th century poet chaucer, the native literature was vigorous enough and experienced in assimilating foreign influences without being subjected by them; (4) English Renaissance literature is chiefly artistic, rather than philosophical and scholarly; (5) the Renaissance coincided with the Reformation in England. The English Renaissance was largely literary, and achieved its finest expression in the so-called Elizabethan drama. Its finest exponents were Christopher Marlowe, Ben Jonson, and William Shakespeare.6. Why did the Restoration take place?------- When Oliver Cormwell died in 1658 and was succeeded byhis son, Richard, the regime began to collapse. One of Cromwell's generals occupied London and arranged for new parliamentary elections. The Parliament thus was elected in 1660, and to resolve the crisis, it asked the late king's son to return from his exile in France as king Charles II. It was called the Restoration.7. How did the "Glorious Revolution" break out? What was the significance of it? ------ In 1685 CharlesII died and was succeeded by his brother James II. James, who was brought up in exile in Europe, was a Catholic, He hoped to rule without giving up his personal religious views. But England was no more tolerant of a Catholic king in 1688 than 40 years. So the English politicians rejected James II, and appealed to a Protestant king, William of Orange, to invade and take the English throne. William landed in England in 1688. The takeover was relatively smooth, with no bloodshed, no any execution of the king. This was known as the Glorious Revolution. William and his wife Mary were both Protestants and became co-monarchs. They accepted the Bill of Rights. It's the beginning of the age of constitutional monarchy.8. What is your comment on land enclosures in England? ----- Agricultural enclosure became frequent in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It has good as well as bad results: (1) Farms became bigger and bigger units as the great bought up the small; (2) more vegetables, more milk and more dairy produce were consumed, and diet became more varied; (3) enclosure was a disaster for the tenants evicted from their lands by the enclosures. They were forced to look for work in towns, which rapidly became hopelessly over crowded. It also lead to mass emigration, particularly to the New World; (4) a new class hostility was introduced into rural relationships. Concentration of land in fewer hands increased the price of land and dashed the labourers' hopes of even owning his own land. Many became wage labourers, earning low rates in spite of agriculture's new prosperity.9. How did the English Industrial Revolution proceed? ----------- The Industrial Revolution began with the textile industry. It's characterized by a series of inventions and improvements of machines, such as John Ray's flying shuttle, James Hargreaves' spinning Jenny, Richard Arkwright's water frame and Samuel Cropton's mule. The Scottish inventor James Watt produced a very efficient steam engine in 1765, which could be applied to textile and other machinery. The most important element in speeding industrialization was the breakthrough in smelting iron with coke instead of charcoal in 1709. Similar developments occurred in the forging side of the iron industry which enabled iron to replace wool and stone in many sectors of the economy. Improved transportation ran parallel with production. As a result of the industrial revolution, Britain was by 1830 the "workshop of the world"; no other country could compete with her in industrial production.10. What do you know about the Chartist Movement and the People's Charter? What's your comment on them? ------ The Chartist Movement was an industrial working class movement that happened in Englandfrom 1836 to 1848. In 1836 a group of skilled workers and small shopkeepers formed the London Working Men's Association. They drew up a charter of political demands (known as the People's Charter) in 1838, which had six points: (1) the vote for all adult males, (2) voting by secret ballot, (3) equal electoral districts, (4) abolition of property qualifications for members of Parliament, (5) payment of members of Parliament, and (6) annual Parliament, with a General Election every June. Support for these six demands was loudly voiced all over the country. Other working men formed Chartist groups throughout the country to press Parliament to accept the 6 points. But Parliament rejected them for three times. In the end, the Chartist Movement failed. It failed because of its weak and divided leadership, and its lack of coordination with trade-unionism. The working class was still immature. The Chartist Movement, however, the first nation wide working class movement and drew attention to serious problems. The 6 points were achieved very gradually over the period of 1858-1918, although the sixth has never been practical.11. How did the Labour Party come into being? ------ As the new working class became established in the industrial towns in the late 18th century, they became aware of the power which they could possess if they acted together instead of separately. So various working class organizations were formed which brought about the formation of the Labour Party. The Labour Party had its origins in the Independent Labour Party, which was formed in January, 1893 and Led by Keir Hardie, a Scottish miner. The foundation of an effective party for labour depended on the trade unions. In 1900, representatives of trade unions, the ILP, and a number of small societies set up the Labour Representation Committee (LRC). The LRC changed its name to be Labour Party in time for the general election which was called for 1906. The Labour Party remains one of the two major parties in Britain until today.12. What is a constitutional monarchy? When did it begin in Britain? ------ A constitutional monarchy is a governmental system in which the head of State is a king or a queen who reigns but does not rule. The country is namely reigned by the Sovereign, but virtually by His or Her Majesty's Government ------------------- a body of Ministers who are the leading members of whichever political party the electorate has voted into office, and who are responsible to Parliament. The Constitutional Monarchy in Britain began in 1689, when king William and Queen Mary jointly accepted the Bill of Rights, which guaranteed free speech within both the House of Lords and the House of Commons and constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with power limited by Parliament began.13. What is the role of the Monarchy in the British government? ------ T he sovereign is the symbol of thewhole nation. In law, he/she is head of the executive, an integral part of the legislature, head of the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all the armed forces of the crown and the "supreme governor" of the established church of England.14. What are the main functions of Parliament? ---------The main functions of Parliament are: (1) to pass laws; (2) to provide the means of carrying on the work of government by voting for taxation; (3) to examine government policy and administration, including proposals for expenditure; (4) to debate the major issues of the day.15. Why do the criminal convicts like to be tried first before the magistrates' courts?----- A Magistrates' court tries summary offences and "either way" offences. It is open to the public and the media and usually consists of three unpaid "lay” magistrates. A magistrates' court sits without a jury. The criminal law presumes the innocence of the accused until he has been proved guilty beyond reasonable doubt; every possible step is taken to deny to the prosecution any advantage over the defense. No accused person has to answer the questions of the police before trials; he is not compelled to give evidence or to submit to cross-examination in court.16. What does the civil courts system do? ------- The civil courts system does the following jurisdiction: (1) actions founded upon contract and tort; (2) trust and mortgages cases; (3) actions for the recovery of land; (4) cases involving disputes between landlords and tenants; (5) admiralty cases and patent cases; and (7) divorce cases and other family matters.17. What is meant by the term 1'welfare state" in Britain? -------------- The welfare state is a system of government by which the state provides the economic and social security of its citizens through its organization of health services, pensions and other facilities. The system is funded out of national insurance contributions and taxation. In Britain the term applies mainly to National Health Service (NHS), national insurance and social security.18. What is the most important established Church in Britain? How is it related to the Crown andlinked with the State? ------ The most important established Church in Britain is the Church of England. It is uniquely related to the Crown in that the Sovereign must be a member of that church and, as "Defender of the Faith", must promise on his or her accession to uphold it. Church of England archbishops, bishops and deans of cathedrals are appointed by the Monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister. The Church is also linked with the State through the House of Lords, in which the two archbishops (of Canterbury and \fc)rk), the bishops of London,Durham and Winchester, and 21 other senior bishops of London, Durham and Winchester, and 21 other senior bishops have seats19. What distinguishes the Open University from all other British Universities? --------------- The Open University is non-residential university which is "open" to all to become students. It offers degree and other courses for adult students of all ages in Britain and other member countries of the EU. It was founded in 1969 and began its first courses in 1970. It was a combination of specially produced printed texts, correspondence tuition, television and radio broadcasts and audio/video cassettes. For some courses, there are residential schools. There is a network of study centers for contact with part-time tutors and counselors, and with fellow students.30. What are some of the characteristics of American education? ------- (1) Formal education in the United States consists of elementary, secondary and higher education. (2) Public educations is free and compulsory.(3) Diversity is considered to be an outstanding characteristic of American education. (4)Education is a function of the states, not the federal government.What are geographic features of Britain?Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It's separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and North Sea in the east. The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands, and the east and south east are mostly lowlands.What are the features of British climate?Britain has a maritime climate. Winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The temperature varies within a small range.The climate in Britain is mainly influenced by three features.1. The surrounding waters tend to balance the seasonal differences by heating up the land in winter and coolingoff relatively and slowly they bring warm air in winter and cool air in summer.2. The prevailing winds blow over the country all the year round, bringing warm and wet air in winter and keepingthe temperature moderate.3. The North Atlantic Ocean Drift, which is a warm drift, passes the western coast of the British Isles and warmsthem.What measures did Henry II take to centralize power?1. He forced foreign mercenaries to leave England.2. He abolished the annual land tax.3. He took steps to reform the law courts and divided the country into six circuits to increase the power of the King's Court.4. He also planned to reform the church courts, which had the exclusive right of justice over the whole body of the educated men throughout the country.What contributions did Elizabeth I do to Britain?1. Religion compromise. She carried out the religious reform and broke religious ties.2. She successfully played off against each other the two great Catholic powers.3. She granted charters to English merchants.4. In her reign, the Spanish Armada was destroyed.5. She carried out a foreign policy to prevent England from involving in major European conflicts. It was to this period of time that the English Empire owed its foundation.The Gunpowder Plot of 1605The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 was the most famous of the Catholic conspiracies. On November 5, 1605, a few fanatical Catholics attempted to blow King James and his ministers up in the Houses of Parliament where Guy Fawkes had planted barrels of gunpowder in the cellars.The results of the Gunpowder Plot of 1605:The immediate result was the execution of Fawkes and his fellow-conspirators and the imposition of severe anti-Catholic laws. The long-term result has been an annual celebration on November 5, when a bonfire is lit to burn a guy and a firework display is arranged.How did the Civil War break out?It was very reluctantly that the Parliament concluded that the only way it could impress its views on such a king would be to defeat him in a battle, and then impose legal conditions upon him before allowing him to reign again. This idea was important until 1645. On August 22,1642 in a field near Nottingham King Charles raised his standard beneath a glowering sky, and bade all his supporters to join him. Thus the First Civil War began. TheCivil War (also called Revolutionary War or the English Bourgeois Revolution, or the Puritan Revolution) broke out in 1642. The Left Wing of Parliament was composed of free farmers, tradesmen, and artisans of the country towns. They made up the most revolutionary section and were generally known as Roundheads because their hair was cut close to the skin. The English Bourgeois Revolution in its upsurge was also called the Puritan Revolution. The king's support mainly came from the West and the North of England. The king's supporters were generally known as the Cavaliers or Royalists.Cromwell was a country gentleman and Member of the Parliament. He organized a compact army of well disciplined soldiers which became known as the New Model Army. These soldiers were mostly devout Protestants.★King Charles ----Cromwell★The King's men were called Cavaliers, and the supporters of Parliament were called Roundheads because of their short haircuts.The English Civil War is also called the Puritan Revolution, because the King's opponents were mainly Puritan, and his supporters chiefly Episcopalian and Catholic.Consequences of The Civil WarsBecause of the absolute rule of Charles, the confrontation between Charles I and the parliament developed into the civil war. The war began in 1642 and ended in 1651. Charles I was condemned to death.The English Civil War is also called the Puritan Revolution. It has been seen as a conflict between the parliament and the King, and a conflict between economic interests of the Crown. The economic interests of the urban middle classed coincided with their religious (Puritan) ideology while the Crown's traditional economic interests correspondingly allied with Anglican religious belief. The English Civil War not only overthrew feudal system in England but also shook the foundation of the feudal rule in Europe. It is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history.The RestorationWhen Oliver Cromwell died in 1658 and was succeeded by his son, Richard, the regime began to collapse. One of Cromwell's generals occupied London and arranged for new parliamentary elections. The Parliament thus was elected in 1660 resolved the crisis by asking the late King's son to return from his exile in France as King Charles II. It was called the Restoration.The Glorious Revolution of 1688In 1685 Charles II died and was succeeded by his brother James II. James was brought up in exile in Europe, was a Catholic. He hoped to rule without giving up his personal religious vies. But England was no more tolerant of a Catholic king in 1688 than 40 years ago. So the English politicians rejected James II, and appealed to a Protestant king, William of Orange, to invade and take the English throne. William landed in England in 1688. The takeover was relatively smooth, with no bloodshed, nor any execution of the king. This was known as the Glorious Revolution.How did the "Glorious Revolution" break out? What was the significance of it?——When Charles II died in 1685, he was succeeded by his brother, James II. James II was a Catholic and hoped to be able to rule without giving up his personal religious views. But English in 1688 could not tolerate a Catholic as King. The English politicians appealed to a Protestant king, William of Orange, James' Dutch nephew and the husband of Mary, James' daughter, to invade and take the English throne. William landed in November 1688. On their acceptance of the Bill of Rights (1689), William and Mary were crowned jointly in Westminster Abbey. Thus the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament, began.Whigs and ToriesThese two party names originated with the Glorious Revolution (1688).The Whigs were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Nonconformists. The Whigs were to form a coalition with dissident Tbries in the mid-19th century and become the Liberal Party.The Tbries were those who supported hereditary monarchy and were reluctant to remove kings. The Tbries were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.The Industrial Revolution (1780-1830)Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors:(1) Favorable geographical location. Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world trade;(2) Political stability. Britain had a peaceful society, which, after the 17th century, was increasingly interested in overseas trade and colonies. International trade brought wealth to merchants and city bankers. They and those。

《最新英美概况》练习参考答案(英国部分)(1)(总19页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--《最新英美概况》练习参考答案（本答案不包括练习中的开放性习题、思考题和讨论题）========================================== ==========PART ONE The United Kingdom Chapter One The LandP. 6II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. BIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.2. Four. England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland.3. Yes, it was.4. No, it isn’t.5. The “British Isles” is a group of islands including Great Britain,Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands, Shetland Islands,the Isle of Wight, and many other smaller surrounding islands.There are two countries located on the islands: the UnitedKingdom and the Republic of Ireland.P. 10II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. England, Scotland, Ireland2. white, St. George, England, St. Andrew, Scotland, St. Patrick, IrelandIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T 4. T 5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. 1801.2. Because when the first version of the Union Flag appeared Waleswas already united with England and was therefore representedby the flag of England.3. Australia, New Zealand, Tuvalu, Fiji.4. 1922.P. 12-13II Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. TIII Answer the following questions.1. God Save the Queen.2. There are five verses in the full version of the song but usuallyonly the first verse is sung on official occasions.3. It’s u nknown.4. It originated in a patriotic song, and first publicly performed in London in 1745.5. It is played whenever the Queen makes a public appearance, and is played by theBBC every night before closedown.P. 16-17I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. million, 3002. England3. three4. 19485. LondonII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. F5. FP. 20III Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea2. Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland3. France4. the North Sea, the Irish Sea, the Atlantic Ocean5. a sixthIV Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. TV Answer the following questions.1. No.2. It covers about 245,000 square kilometers or 94,600 square miles.3. It is about 1,000 kilometers (600 miles) long, and the widest partof Britain is about 480 kilometers.4. It has a land boundary with the Republic of Ireland as long as434 kilometers (270 miles).5. Scotland.P. 23-24II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. highland, lowland2. coastal areas, Scotland, Wales3. Severn, Thames4. Clyde5. The Dee6. Bann7. Lough Neagh, Lower Lough ErneIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Scotland and Wales are the most mountainous parts of the UK.2. 94.3. It’s Ben Nevis in Scotland, with a height of 1,344 metres (4,409feet) above sea level.4. Scotland.5. Owing to a relatively small island, the UK’s rivers are not very long.P. 25I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. coal2. iron ore3. tin4. those used in the construction and building industries such assand and gravel, limestone and gypsumII Answer the following questions.1. They are coal, oil, natural gas, iron ore, tin, zinc, gold, chalk, salt, clay,limestone, gypsum, lead, silica, and so on.2. Coal.3. Natural gas was discovered in 1965 in the West Sole area of the North Sea.4. Oil was discovered in 1970 under the North Sea.5. Because coal can be produced more cheaply in other countries.6. The tin-mining industries have been hard hit by competition fromcheaper overseas producers, and by changes in governmentpolicy.P. 27II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. unique2. cool, mild3. 32, about4. west, south5. average annual temperature, average winter rainfallIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Such a statement has been made because of the changeability of theweatherconditions in Britain that can change so much from day to day, season to season.2. It can be as hot as 32°C (90°F), but mostly it only reaches 26°C.3. It’s about °C.4. It originated in a patriotic song, and first publicly performed in London in 17455. They are probably May, June, September and October.P. 40I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions., Guildhall, St. Paul’s Cathedral, the Tower Bridge2. second, Athens of the North3. industrialized, the Industrial Revolution, fastest growing city4. the House’s Parliament, the two House’s of Parliament, Big Ben5. William the Conqueror, a royal residence, prison of state, Jewel House6. at the foot of the basalt cliffs, 40,000 massive black basalt columnsII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. T5. T6. FIII Answer the following questions.1. Manchester. Manchester United FC and Manchester City.2. Liverpool.P. 42-43I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 9, 322. 26, 63. 17, 3, 144. islandII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. D3. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. An overseas territory is under British sovereignty but does notform part of the UK itself; a crown dependency is also undersovereignty of the UK but has a different constitutionalrelationship.2. Yes.Chapter Two The People and Their CultureP. 48I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. third, twenty-second2. , ,3. medical advances in the treatment of many illnesses and diseases4. Scotland5. 80 percent6. England, 3957. 4,700II Answer the following questions.1. 62,262,000.2. The chief reasons are 1) the increase in births and decrease indeaths; 2) the increase in net international migration to the UK;and 3) the increase in life expectancy.3. It is percent.4. It is migrant(s) per 1,000 population.5. It was 256 people per square kilometer.P. 49Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Immigration and migration from other countries2.3. 8%4.5. 2P. 52-53II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. third, Mandarin Chinese and Spanish2. English3. the three countries in Britain and Northern Ireland in Ireland, thefour countries themselves4. Welsh, Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic, Cornish5. secondIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Approximately 375 million people.2. Beside English there are also four Celtic languages in use in theUK, such as Welsh, Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic and Cornish.3. Because of the USA’s dominance of cinema, television, popularmusic, trade and technology (including the Internet).4. The major differences are in phonology, phonetics, vocabulary,grammar and spelling.P. 56-57II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Christianity2. Roman Catholic, England3. Scotland4. Roman Catholic, the Presbyterian Church5. immigration6. 152,000III Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Christianity.2. Queen Elizabeth II.3. Yes, they are.4. The Roman Catholic Church.5. The Roman Catholic Church.P. 60-61I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. conservative2. the weather3. Trooping the colour, Changing of the Guard4. Foot Guard, Household Cavalry5. palaceII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. C3. D4. D5. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. It is true, its conservatism has something to do with the fact thatBritain is an island isolated from the European Continent and itsweather is frequently changing.2. It was for the soldiers to recognize their own regiment as soonas possible. It often takes place in London annually on thesecond Saturday in June.P. 67-68I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the death and his resurrection2. exchanging gifts, decorating Christmas trees, attending church,sharing meals with family and friends, waiting for FatherChristmas to arrive3. the seed of life4. go trick-or-treating and carve pumpkins5. slaveryII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. C3. D4. C5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. It commemorates all those men and women who were killed duringthe two World Wars and other conflicts.2. In the past, hunting fox was a popular sport among the upperclasses. Now horsing racing and football are popular.3. Fasting is to develop patience and self-control, to learn sympathyfor the deprived, to cleanse the body and mind, to gainappreciation for Allah's bounty, to demonstrate the depth of one'scommitment, and to protect against sin.There are, then, three levels of the Ramadan fast:-Refraining from the physical things that are forbidden(performed with the mouth/stomach/sexual organs).-Restraining oneself from saying, hearing and looking atforbidden things (performed with the senses).-Renewing one's devotion to Allah (performed with the heart and mind).P. 71-72I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. welfare, from-cradle-to-grave2. the National Health Serviceretirement pension4. accidental injury at work, the conditions5. the Beveridge ReportII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. FP. 78I Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C 3. D 4. D (40改成47) 5. CII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. F5. FP. 83I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. football2. Manchester United, Arsenal, Liverpool3. Wimbledon, Australian Open, French Open, US Open4. 18, 17, 15. Formula 1 British Grand Prix, the Wales Rally GB, the Festival ofSpeedII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. FIII Answer the following questions.1. Football, rugby, cricket, golf, tennis, hockey, etc.2. Watchers can bet a horse to be thought to win.3. The Football Association Challenge Cup (英格兰足总杯). It is theoldest football competition in the world, founded in 1872. It's thecompetition that provides the opportunity for small, part-timeclubs to potentially go head to head with the big clubs of thePremiership.P. 88-89I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. freedom of the press, conflicts, freedom of access to information,the interests of the public, the privacy, individual2. entertainment, public opinion, political3. news, entertainment, sports4. the Times, the Guardian, the Daily Telegraph, the Financial Times5. BBC One, BBC Two, ITV, Channel Four, Channel FiveII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. A3. B4. B5. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T 4. F 5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. They are central to British leisure culture.2. Because it can bring buyers and sellers together, provide peoplewith the interactive platforms, and people can use it to do digitalmarketing, e-commerce, management, etc.P. 93-94I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 37, 1542. evolutionary, natural selection, The Origin of Species, The Descent of Man.3. James Cook4. Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, James Cook, Stephen Hawking,Winston Churchill, Diana SpencerII Answer the following questions.1. Stephen Hawking is a British theoretical physicist noted for hisresearch into the origin of the universe. His work influenced thedevelopment of the big bang and black hole theories.2. He was the 20th century's most famous and celebrated Prime Ministerwho led Britain to victory in World War Two. He workedtirelessly throughout the war, building strong relations with USPresident Roosevelt while maintaining a sometimes difficultalliance with the Soviet Union.Chapter Three A Brief History of the United KingdomP. 97-98I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Ice Age2. Beaker Folk3. The Celts4. the Irish, the Welsh5. DruidismII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. C3. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Between 3000 and 2000 BC2. Three Waves. The first wave was the Gaels who came around600 BC; the second wave was the Britons who came around 400BC, and the third wave was the Belgae who came around 150BC.3. The Celts, a taller and fairer race than the people who had comebefore, began to arrive in Britain at about 700 BC and keptcoming until the arrival of the Romans.P. 100-101I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Julius Caesar2. 433. Boadica, Londinium4. 410 AD5. YorkII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. D3. C4. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Between 55 and 54 BC.2. The invasion of British Isles.3. Firstly, the resistance of the British people was strong. Secondly,Roman troops were often withdrawn from Britain to fight inother parts of the Roman Empire.4. 400 years.5. The Romans also made good use of Britain’s natural resources,mining lead, iron and tin and manufacturing pottery, etc.P. 104I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. The Jutes, Saxons and Angles2. English3. Mercia, Offa’s Dyke4. St. Augustine5. Archbishop of CanterburyII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. A2. C3. BIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F 4. TIV Answer the following questions.1. The seven kingdoms are: Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia,Mercia and North Umbria.2. The names Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday derivefrom the names of the gods of Anglo-Saxons’ Teutonic religion:Tiu, the god of war, Wooden, king of heaven, Thor, the god ofstorms, and Freya, goddess of peace.3. Firstly, they divided the country into shires, with shire courts andshire reeves, or sheriffs, responsible for administering law.Secondly, they devised the narrow-strip, three-field farmingsystem in use up to the 18th century. Thirdly, they alsoestablished the manorial system. Finally, they created the Witanto advise the king, the basis of the Privy Council which still existstoday.P. 106-107I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Edward2. William the Conqueror3. William (此题印刷有错，需把句子中的William删掉)II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. D3. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. TIV Answer the following question1.Edward was called Edward the Confessor as he was a very religiousman and would often go to church and confess to sins. The title"confessor" also distinguished this Edward from Edward the Martyr(c962-979). Edward was later made a saint, due to his building ofWestminster Abbey and efforts in other churches.2.The Norman Conquest replaced the loosely organized Anglo-Saxon kingdom with a feudal system based on land ownership bya hereditary aristocracy that owed its position - and thereforelands and loyalty - to a strong central authority with a hereditarysuccession. In addition, there were other changes such as inEnglish emigration and Norman immigration, women’s rights,language, etc.3.There are four. They were the King of Norway, the Duke ofNormandy, and two brothers of Edward’s Queen, named Edith,and Harold Godwinson.P. 110-111I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. an English charter2. 1337, 14533. territorial, economic4. 1348 - 1350II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. C3. B4. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Feudalism in England was established by William theConqueror and the Normans following the defeat of theEnglish Anglo Saxons at the Battle of Hastings in 1066.2. Magna Carta is an English charter, originally issued by KingJohn of England at Runnymede in the English county of Surreyunder compulsion from the church and his barons on 15 June1215. The charter was reissued later for several times inmodified versions which omitted certain temporary provisions,including the most direct challenges to the monarch'sauthority, which had a huge influence on the developing legalsystem of England.3. The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to1453 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France andtheir various allies for control of the French throne. It was the result of adynastic disagreement dating back to William the Conqueror whobecame King of England in 1066, while remaining Duke of Normandy.As dukes of Normandy and other lands on the continent, the Englishkings owed homage to the King of France. In 1337 Edward III ofEngland refused to pay homage to Philip VI of France, leading theFrench king to claim confiscation of Edward's lands in Aquitaine.4. The war was in fact a series of separate wars and is commonlydivided into three phases. First, the English won a great navalvictory at Sluys in 1340, then an equally decisive land battlenear Calais at Crecy in 1346. Then the English went on to takeCalais; and in 1356 at Poitiers they won another victory overthe French King who was taken prisoner and held to ransom.5. The Black Death was one of the most devastating epidemicdiseases in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348and 1349, and killing nearly half of Europe’s population.Additionally, The Black Death is thought to have started in Asia.It then travelled along the Silk Road and reached the Crimeaby 1346. From there, it was probably carried by Oriental ratfleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers onmerchant ships. All in all, the plague reduced the worldpopulation from an estimated 450?million to a numberbetween 350 and 375?million in the 14th century. Moreover,the impact of the Black Death upon the future of England wasgreater than upon any other European country. The BlackDeath has been seen as creating a series of religious, socialand economic upheavals which changed the face of theEnglish society in a profound way.P. 115I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 1642-1646, 1647-16492. Puritan Revolution3. overthrew, foundation, beginning4. the Glorious Revolution of 16885. The Bill of RightsII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. A3. D4. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. FP. 118I Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. B3. A4. D5. CII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. TIII Answer the following questions.1. The Industrial Revolution was the transition to newmanufacturing processes that occurred in the period fromabout 1760 to some time between 1820 and 1840. Thistransition included going from hand production methods tomachines, new chemical manufacturing and iron productionprocesses, improved efficiency of water power, the increasinguse of steam power and development of machine tools. Thetransition also included the change from wood and other bio-fuels to coal. The Industrial revolution began in England andwithin a few decades spread to Western Europe and the United States.2. The accumulation of capital; the development of capitalist farming; the appearance of a labour reserve; and the expansion of markets, domestic and foreign.3. The Industrial Revolution promoted the development of production. Within a short period the Industrial Revolution took over all industries in Britain and replaced other systems of production. And it improves the living standards. Much of the laboring population, previously largely employed in agriculture, moved to the industrial towns and cities, where they were housed and employed in often miserable and squalid conditions. And etc.4. The industrial revolution was a period in Britain from mid-1700sto the mid-1800s in which power-driven machines in factories replaced manual labor. The industrial revolution resulted from advances in applied science and engineering, such as thedevelopment of steam engines (especially those of the inventor James Watt). Much of the laboring population, previouslylargely employed in agriculture, moved to the industrial townsand cities, where they were housed and employed in miserable conditions.5. The causes and effects of the Industrial Revolution arecomplicated and remain a topic for debate. The referenceanswer is as follows:Causes:-Iron renovations: stronger, better quality iron-Labor surplus—more jobs, more people to do jobs-Stable agricultural society—the agricultural revolutionimproved food supply and quality; created a strong base for industrialization-High food supply—stated above; more farmland + moretransportation = more crops-Ready capital—constant supply of money-Population growth—due to food supply-Government allowed fencing off lands—peasants nowneeded work after being kicked off private farmland-Entrepreneurs—people wanted to make money through new ways and opportunities-Plentiful natural resources—rivers = water power for steamengine and transportation, iron ore and coal = fuel-Relatively free society—government usually exhibited laissezfaire (let people do what they want), economy regulated itself, ideas circulated freely-Ready market—ships could deliver and transport-Stable government—strong central government to support the peopleEffects:-Better transportation—faster, cheaper-Long distance communications—telegraphs, etc. linked nations from coast to coast-Money to be made—capitalism: investments, inventing, selling, producing-Bad working conditions—disease, deformations, long, hard hours-Child abuse-New inventions—locomotives (railroads), purer iron, factories, spinning jenny, steam engines, steamboats...etc-Rural workers became urban workers-Increased production rates (everything machine made)-Family life disrupted—families were separated, women and children also labored-Bad pay—women paid half or less than men-Migration and population boom in cities—everyone flockedto cities to work in factories-Industrialization "age"—spread to Europe and around theworld-Social classes formed—industrial middle class and industrialworking classes emerged-Industrial capitalism took hold—economic system ofmanufacturingP. 121I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. The Reform Act2. The New Poor Law3. charter of political demands (A People's Charte)4. Moral Force Chartists, Physical Force ChartistsII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. B3. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Charter Movement was a movement for political and socialreform in Britain during the mid-19th century, between 1838 and1850. In the years 1839, 1842 and 1848, the Chartist Movementurged Parliament to adopt three great petitions. Of these, thebest known is the final petition, with six million signatures (although a number of these were later found to be fake), presented to Parliament on 10th April 1848 after a huge meeting on Kennington Common. This event achieved great prominence in the story of Chartism, due largely to the reaction of the authorities as they faced the challenges of that turbulent year. 2. Between 1832 and 1884 three Reform Bills were passed in the British parliament. The Reform Act of 1832 abolished “rotten Boroughs”, and redistributed parliamentary seats more fairly among the growing towns. It also gave the vote to many householders and tenants, based on the value of their property. The New Poor Law of 1834 forced the poor people into work houses instead of giving them sufficient money to survive in their own homes. The 6 points in the People’s Charter were achieved very gradually over the period of 1858-1918, although the sixth has never been practical. Lenin said the Chartist Movement was "the first broad, really mass, politically formed, proletarian revolutionary movement."3. The movement failed for a number of reasons:-It failed to obtain parliamentary support for the Charter.-The middle-classes ignored, shunned or condemned Chartism. -Chartists were divided among themselves.-Government handled the movement firmly and calmly.-Chartist demands were too drastic.-There was too much diversity in the intellectual and ideologicalaims of Chartism.-Other movements offering more immediate and tangiblebenefits attracted chartists.-The socio-economic position improved after 1842. Prosperityeliminated mass support.-Chartism and the Chartists were made to look ridiculous afterKennington Common, and the failure of the Land Plan.-The changing sociology of England after railways fragmentedthe apparent unity of the working classes.P. 124I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the 16th century, 15832. England, Scotland3. Jamestown4. million5. the 20th centuryII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. A3. BIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. TP. 128I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Entente Powers, Central Powers of Germany2. Britain, economy3. New York stock market4. Battle of Britain5. ConservativeII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1.T2. T3. F4. FIII Answer the following questions.1. The assassination on 28 June 1914 of Archduke Franz Ferdinand ofAustria, the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, by aYugoslav nationalist in Sarajevo, Bosnia was the spark of the war.It resulted in a Habsburg ultimatum against the Kingdom ofSerbia. Several alliances formed over the previous decades wereinvoked, so, within weeks, the major powers were at war; viatheir colonies, the conflict soon spread around the world.2. Britain was one of the main countries fighting on the side of theEntente againstthe Central Powers. Britain, together with its empire, went to warearly in August。

The United StatesI. Choose the correct answer.1. In area, the United States is the c largest country in the world.a. 2ndb. 3rdc. 4thd. 5th2. The Midwest in the US refers to the region d .a. west of the Mississippi Valleyb. west of the Appalachian Mountainsc. east of the Rocky Mountainsd. around the Great Lakes and the upper Mississippi Valley.3. The Backbone of North America refers to the b .a. Appalachian Mountainsb. Rocky Mountainsc. the Rocky Mountainsd. Sierra Nevada Mountains4. Death Valley is on the western edge of a .a. the Great Basinb. Californiac. the Rocky Mountainsd. the Sierra Nevada Mountains5. Which region might have a dust storm in summer? ca. The Deep South.b. The Middle West.c. The Great Plainsd. The Central Valley of California.6. Which area has the highest rainfall in the US? ba. The region around the Great Lakes.b. The western part of Washington State.c. The Middle Atlantic states.d. The Central Valley of California.7. The US primary suppliers of foreign oil are the following countries exceptb .a. Canadab. Japanc. Venezuelad. Saudi Arabia8. The US largest open-pit copper-mining center is in b .a. Californiab. Utahc. Montanad. South Dakota9. The over 3 million of early Americans in 1790 were mostly of ancestry. ca. Spanishb. Frenchc. Britishd. Dutch10. How many immigrants were legally received by the US each year during the1980s? ba. About 270,000.b. About 700,000.c. About 675,000.d. About 800,00011. The official racial segregation continued to be the law of the US untild .a. 1860b. 1863c. 1918d. 195412. American Indians now mainly live in the a .a. Southb. Westc. Midwestd. Northeast13. The majority of American Hispanics are from the following countries exceptc .a. Mexicob. Cubac. Spaind. Puerto Rico14. According to the text, which region now leads in percentage increase in population? ca. The Northeast.b. The Great Plains.c. The South.d. The West.15. According to the 1994 US census, the second most populous state in theUS is c .a. Californiab. New Yorkc. Texasd. Washington16. The trend in migration from cities to suburbs now prevailed in all regionb .a. the Northeastb. the Southc. the Midwestd. the West17. According to the text, the ancestors of the present American Indians came from c .a. Europeb. Africac. Asiad. Mongolia18. Which is not correct to explain the reasons for the sudden daring exploration of the unknown in the mid-15th century? aa. The ambition for the cast lands.b. The strong desire for Eastern goods.c. The improvements in navigation and naval architecture.d. The great spirit of adventure started by the Renaissance.19. On his voyage of 1492, Columbus expected to reach c .a. the New worldb. the West Indiesc. Indiad. America20 Among the following navigators who discovered the route to India? ba. Christopher Columbus.b. Vasco da Gama.c. Bartholoneu Diaz.d. Ferdinand Magellan.21. Who was sent by the English King to explore the new way to the East? ba. Jacques Cartier.b. John Cabot.c. Bartholeneu Diaz.d. Ferdinand Magellan.22. Which colony in the following was not founded first by the English? ca. Virginia.b. Massachusetts.c. New Yorkd. Georgia.23. The breadbasket colonies include the following ones exceptd .a. New Yorkb. Pennsylvaniac. Marylandd. Virginia24. The last one fo the 13 colonies was c , which was established in 1733.a. North Carolinab. South Carolinac. Georgiad. Maryland25. There was a great change in British policy towards the 13 colonies after .a. 1760b. 1763c. 1764d. 176726. Which Act first set a large scale of opposition in the colonies? ba. The Sugar Act of 1764.b. The Stamp Act of 1765.c. The Quartering Act of 1765.d. The Tea Act27. The Tea Act of 1773 was passed by the British Parliament in order toc .a. get more money from the coloniesb. provide cheap tea for the American consumersc. help the British East India Companyd. monopolize the American tea business28. The First Continental Congress was attended by the representatives fromall the colonies except d .a. Delawareb. Pennsylvaniac. Massachusettsd, Georgia29. The first shot of the American War of Independence was fired in b .a. Concordb. Lexingtonc. Philadelphiad. Boston30. Thomas Paine’s Common Sense urged the American colonists tod .a. abolish slavery in the coloniesb. continue a shipping trade with Englandc. win independence through peaceful meansd. declare their independence31. The principal author of the Declaration of Independence was b .a. Benjamin Franklinb. Thomas Jeffersonc. George Washingtond. John Adams32. Which victory was considered as the turning point of the War ofIndependence? ca. The victory at Trenton.b. The victory at Boston.c. The victory at Saratoga.d. The victory at Yorktown.33. The Confederation created in 1781 was a a .a. very loose union of statesb. very powerful central governmentc. very firm league of statesd. weak government without the legislative power34. Who was called the Father of the US Constitution? da. George Washington.b. Benjamin Franklin.c. Alexander Hamilton.d. James Madison.35. According to the text, the Constitution was framed on the following ideas except that d .a. there should be three branches of government: one to make laws, anotherto execute them, and a third to settle questions of lawb. the three branches should be able to check and balance the otherc. the national government is a government of the people, and not of states aloned. the new government should impose its authority on the people through states36. Those who supported the Constitution and preferred a strong national government were called c .a. Democratsb. Republicansc. Federalistsd. Antifederalists37. How many states were needed to ratify the Constitution? ba. Eightb. Ninec. Elevend. Thirteen38. Which is incorrect to comment on the Federalist Papers? da. They support the ratification of the Constitutionb. The defend the principles of the Constitutionc. They help dispel the fears of a national authorityd. They spell out the people’s right39. The amendment of the Constitution requires the approval of at least c of the states.a. one-thirdb. two-thirdsc. three-fourthsd. three-fifths40. When the Second War of Independence broke out in 1812, the US president was b .a. Thomas Jeffersonb. James Madisonc. John Adamsd. James Monroe41. The Monroe Doctrine had the following features or ideas exceptd .a. non-colonizationb. America for Americansc. non-interventiond. Latin America for Europeans42. The US continental expansion was almost complete by d .a. 1840b. 1845c. 1846d. 184843. Cotton became the most profitable crop in the South mainly because of the b .a. use of irrigation on plantationb. Whitney’s cotton ginc. slave labourd. improved agricultural techniques44. in 1854, the Republican Party was founded by some b .a. slaveholdersb. abolitionistsc. democratsd. proslavery persons45. In his inaugural address in 1861, Lincoln showed clearly that heb .a. would abolish slavery in the Southb. would not abolish slavery immediately but to preserve the Unionc. would wage a war against slaveryd. had no idea to abolish slavery in the South46. Which of the following statements about the Emancipation Proclamation is not accurate? aa. It immediately freed all slaves living in the United States.b. It freed slaves only in the Confederacy.c. It brought many blacks to serve in the Union Army.d. It gave the North a high moral reason for continuing the war.47. the most important advantage the North had over the South in the Civil War was its d .a. manpowerb. superior military leadershipc. European alliesd. industrial superiority48. An advantage the South had over the North was its d .a. great mineral resourcesb. great number of railroadsc. manpowerd. superior military leadership49. The first US president who faced impeachment proceedings wasb .a. James Buchananb. Andrew Johnsonc. Ulysses S. Grantd. Rutherford B. Hays50. The radical Reconstruction was ended under President d .a. Abraham Lincolnb. Andrew Johnsonc. Ulysses S. Grantd. Rutherford B. Hays51. Gold was discovered in California in c .a. 1828b. 1838c. 1848d. 185852. The first transcontinental railroad in the US was completed in c .a. 1850b. 1859c. 1869d. 189053. Telephone was invented in 1876 by b .a. Thomas B. Edisonb. Alexander D. Bellc. Guglielmo Marconid. George Westinghouse54. According to the text the value of manufactured goods in the US was worthtwice as that of her agricultural products by d .a. 1860b. 1890c. 1894d. 190055. The first imperialist, the US-Spanish War, broke out in c .a. 1886b. 1890c. 1898d. 190056. After US-Spanish War, the US acquired all the following areas exceptd .a. Puerto Ricob. Guamc. the Philippinesd. Cuba57. By the beginning of the 20th century the country that took the first placein economy in Europe was a .a. Germanyb. Francec. Britaind. Russia58. When the First World War began, President Wilson immediately called uponthe American people to b .a. be ready for the warb. observe strict neutralityc. give financial help to the Alliesd. end the trade relations with Germany59. The US joined the First World War in d .a. 1914b. 1915c. 1916d. 191760. Wilson’s Fourteen Points did not include the point of d .a. disarmamentb. creation of an international organization of nationsc. freedom of the seas, in peace and ward. creation of an international peacekeeping force61. Which statement about the US in 1920s is not true? ba. The gross national product rose.b. Only the rich could afford new consumer goods.c. The youth suspected the values of the older generation.d. There was a fast urbanization in the whole country.62. In responding to the Depression, President Hoover thought that the basic role of the Government was to b .a. provide government aid for the poorb. create conditions favorable to the development of private enterprisesc. intervene in the affairs of economyd. take the responsibility for the welfare of the people63. The agricultural Adjustment Act was an attempt to deal with the farmers’problem of d .a. soil erosionb. declining labor supplyc. inflationd. overproduction64. Which one is not right to comment on the New Deal? da. It relieved unemployment through a vast scheme of public works.b. It offered relief to farmers through providing money at low rates of interest.c. It brought in old age and unemployment insurance through providing a system of pension.d. It reduced the commodity prices by limiting production and devaluing the dollar.65. Between 1935 and 1939, American foreign policy included all of the following except d .a. the prohibition of the sale of arms or equipment to nations at warb. the prohibition of loans to belligerent nationsc. cash-and-carry policyd. active intervention to prevent aggression66. The US formerly entered the Second World War in d .a. 1937b. 1939c. 1940d. 194167. Normandy Landing took place on a .a. June 6, 1944b. July 6, 1944c. April 30, 1945d. April 12, 194568. At which conference did Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin agree to calla conference of all the United Nations in San Francisco in April 1945? da. The Conference in Teheran, on Nov. 28, 1943.b. The Conference in Cairo, on Nov. 23, 1943.c. The Conference at Dumbarton Oaks, in the fall of 1944.d. Yalta Conference, in Feb. 1945.69. The post-World War II program of economic assistance to Western Europe was known as c .a. containment policyb. Truman Planc. Marshall Pland. Communist prevention70. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., advocated the philosophy of b .a. economic equalityb. nonviolencec. military protestd. black power71. Thousands of American soldiers were sent to Vietnam under Presidentc .a. Dwight D. Eisenhowerb. John F. Kennedyc. Lyndon B. Johnsond. Richard M. Nixon72. The formal diplomatic relation at the ambassadorial rank between China and the US was established under President b .a. Nixonb. Carterc. Reagand. Bush73. The power of the state in the US is actually from d .a. the central governmentb. the state constitutionc. the US Constitutiond. both b and c74. The supreme law of the United States includes d .a. the US Constitutionb. treaties under the authority of the United Statesc. laws to ensure the constitutional power being practicedd. all the above three75. The terms of the senator and representative are d and years respectively.a. two…fourb. two…threec. two…sixd. six…two76. Which Amendment provided for the direct election of senators? ba. The 16th Amendment (1913)b. The 17th Amendment (1913)c. The 18th Amendment (1919)d. The 19th Amendment (1920)77. Certain presidential appointments must be approved by a majority vote in d .a. Congressb. the Housec. the Supreme Courtd. the Senate78. All revenue or tax bills must be originated in b .a. the Cabinetb. the Housec. the Senated. the Executive Office79. Who is second in line in presidential succession? aa. The Speaker of the House.b. The Vice President.c. The president pro tempore.d. The leader of the majority party in the Senate.80. In the House, the power to decide when the full House will hear the bill is vested in a .a. the Rules Committeeb. the standing committeec. Subcommitteed. the select committee81. Which one in the following limits the President to two successive terms only? ca. The 20th Amendment (1933)b. The 21st Amendment (1933)c. The 22nd Amendment (1951)d. The 23rd Amendment (1961)82. The American President has all the following powers except c .a. deploying armed forcesb. making treatiesc. declaring war on another countryd. granting pardons83. The president’s major appointments should be approved by c .a. Congressb. the Housec. the Senated. the Supreme Court84. Which is not correct to explain the executive agreement? ca. An agreement between the president and another country.b. It has the force of a treaty.c. It requires the approval of Congress.d. It does not require the Senate’s advice and consent.85. the President’s veto can be overridden by two-thirds votes in c .a. the Houseb. the Senatec. both housesd. the Supreme Court86. The federal courts that regularly employ grand and petit juries arec .a. the Supreme Courtb. the courts of appealc, the district courtsd. specialized courts87. The highest authority of the Supreme Court is d .a. to review decisions of the courts of appealb. to review decisions of the federal district courtsc. to try the impeachment cased. to interpret the US Constitution88. The cases involving copyright, trademark, counterfeiting, and bank robbery are usually first tried in c .a. the courts of appealb. the appellate courtc. the federal district courtsd. the state supreme court89. The emblem of the Democratic Party is b .a. elephantb. donkeyc. beard. bull90. The first Democratic President was c .a. George Washingtonb. Abraham Lincolnc. Thomas Jeffersond. Andrew Jackson91. The first Republican President was b .a. George Washingtonb. Abraham Lincolnc. Thomas Jeffersond. Andrew Jackson92. The only Democratic President who served two separate terms between the end of Civil War and 1912 was a .a. Grover Clevelandb. William McKinleyc. Theodore Rooseveltd. Woodrow Wilson93. The presidential candidate of the major party is nominated b .a. at the state conventionb. at the national conventionc. by the leaders from state party organizationsd. by the party’s national committee94. In the presidential election year the American voters vote on thea .a. Tuesday after the first Mondayb. first Tuesdayc. Tuesday after the second Mondayd. Monday after the first Tuesday95. The number of the presidential electors in each state is equal to the number of c .a. its senatorsb. its representativesc. its senators and Representativesd. its counties96. The American President is actually elected by c .a. the Houseb. the Senatec. presidential electorsd. American citizens97. Who is chiefly responsible for education in the US?a. The federal government.b. The state government.c. the county government.d. The local government.98. In the US school system, there are twelve levels called c .a. classesb. divisionsc. gradesd. degrees99. The elementary and secondary education in the US lasts c .a. 8 yearsb. 10 yearsc. 12 yearsd. 14 years100. The average teacher salary in private secondary schools is b that in public schools.a. higher thanb. lower thanc. almost same asd. half of101. A great majority of doctor-level universities in the US are c .a. privateb. supported by religious groupsc. publicd. supported by private funds102. After completing four-year study in a college, the student usually canearn c .a. a university degreeb. graduate degreec. a bachelor’s degreed. a master’s degree103. In order to remain in college the student must maintain at least a average. ba. Bb. Cc. Dd. F104. The first daily newspaper in America was published in c .a. 1690b. 1775c. 1783d. 1800105. Which newspaper first uncovered the Watergate scandal in 1972? ba. New York Times.b. Washington Post.c. New York Daily News.d. Los Angeles Times.106. The world most-read magazine is c .a. TV Guideb. Timec. Reader’s Digestd. People Weekly107. The TV networks in the US are owned b .a. by the federal governmentb. by private companiesc. by state governmentd. by local governments108. Democratic and Republican National Conventions were televised for thefirst time in c .a. 1945b. 1950c. 1952d. 1960109. Which one in the following is not proper to describe the American family values? da. Individual freedom.b. Belief in equality.c. Personal independence.d. Formal and strict relations between parents and children.110. If a junior staff member challenges and argues points with an older executive, the junior is considered being d .a. impoliteb. rudec. immorald. harmless111. To make distinctions between persons, the Americans may use b .a. the family titleb. the occupational titlec. Mr. or Ms.d. Sir or Ma’am112. To Americans, if weaknesses were pointed out by others, it would be c .a. disgracefulb. all rightc. resentfuld. indifferent113. By American standards, which one in the following is not a taboo? da. Financial affairs.b. Person’s age.c. Religion.d. Person’s work.114. According to the text, which word in the following is not proper to describe an American? ca. Optimistic.b. Acquisitive.c. Formal.d. Frank.II. Fill in the blanks:1.“The backbone of the continent” refers to . (theRocky Mountains)2.During Ratification, those who supported the Constitution and preferreda strong national government were called , their opponentswere called . (Federalists, Antifederalists)3.The war of 1812 was also known as for America goteconomically independent after it. (Second War of Independence)4.Washington D. C. is situated on River which is the traditionaldividing line between the South and the North. (the Potomac)5.The United States is the most populous country. (third)6.In his Abraham Lincoln expressed his ideas of a democraticgovernment “of the people, by the people and for the people.”(Gettysburg Address)7.In the year , President Nixon visited China, and later during‘s presidency, formal diplomatic relations between China and the UnitedStates were established. (1972, Jimmy Carter)8.The division of powers by a constitution between the central governmentand state government is called . (Federalism)9.By law any American citizen of and over years of ageand of being a resident within the United States for years canrun for the President. The duly elected and duly qualified president-electtakes office on the of January following his election.(natural-born, 35, 14, 20th)10.When a Bill is vetoed by the President, it can still become a law if theCongress . the veto by a vote of both houses. (override,two-thirds)11.The United States is bordered on the north by , on the south byand , on the east by , and on the west by .(Canada, Mexico, The Gulf of Mexico, The Atlantic, the Pacific)12.Because the New England colonies were difficult of farming, they becamea center for . and . The middle colonies were known asthe , which produced wheat and potatoes as the major staple. Thesouthern colonies developed a . system. The main crop in the Southwas , much later, . (fishing, shipbuilding, breadbasket,plantation, tobacco, cotton)13.The First World War was waged between tow groups of imperialistpowers: . and . ( the Allies/the Entente, the CentralEuropean Powers)14.The major triumph for Wilson at the Paris Peace Conference was theformation of the . (League of Nations)15.The Nineteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was adopted in ,which granted women the right to . (1920, vote)16.The Great Depression started with the sudden collapse of the inNew York in October, . This economic distress extended to Europe,Asia, Australia and South America. (stock market, 1929)17.The candidate with the most voters in a state wins all of that state’svotes. This is known as the “”principle. The candidates whowins the of the 538 Electoral College votes will be US Presidentin the next four years. (electoral, winner-take-all, 270)18.American universities offer three main categories of graduate degrees:1) , 2) , 3) . (bachelor’s, master’s, Ph. D)19.Each of the fifty states in the US provides a free schooling ofyears to its residents. (12)20.Among the five Great Lakes, only Lake belongs entirely to theUS. (Michigan)21.The emblem of the Democratic Party is , and that of theRepublican Party is . is considered the firstDemocratic President, and first Republican President is .(donkey, elephant, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln)III. True or False Statements:1.People usually regard Christopher Columbus as the discoverer of the NewWorld, though before him, Norsemen from Scandinavia had already found thiscontinent.2.During the Ratification of the Constitution, Thomas Jefferson and otherfederalists worked hard to support a strong central government.3.The Missouri Compromise brought a solution to the immediate problem ofthe extension of slavery.4.Germany’s unrestricted submarine campaign against merchant ships was oneof the reasons that pushed America into World War I.5.Standing committees are permanent ones to determine whether proposedlegislation should be presented to the entire House or Senate forconsideration.6.Louisiana Purchase was the largest real estate deal in US history, whichgot for America the present Louisiana State.7.Franklin Roosevelt was one of the greatest American Presidents whose NewDeal effectively put an end to the Great Depression.8.The Vice President is officially the presiding officer of the House ofRepresentatives, and in his absence, the president pro tempore takes hisplace to deal with day-to-day business.9.Immediately after Abraham Lincoln took office, the southern states beganto secede from the Federal Union and organized the Confederate States ofAmerica.10.The people of the US are predominantly white, among whom the most powerfuland influential group is the White Anglo-Saxon Protestants who are thedescendents of the early English settlers.11.Voting requirements are different in one state from another, and votingqualifications are not determined by federal government.12.When the state governments act out the powers given to it in theconstitution, the Federal Government has no right to interfere.13.In the , every state constitution divided political power among threeelements.14.The power of the state in the US is actually from the state constitutionand the US Constitution.15.The supreme law of the United States includes the US Constitution,treaties under the authority of the United States and laws to ensure the constitutional power being practiced.16.It was the New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate scandal in1972.17.Generally speaking, older people with more education and high income tendto vote while the youth, especially aged 18 to 21, has the lowest voting percentage in the United States.18.As the opposite of Federalists, the Anti-Federalists insisted on theexpansion of slavery in the country.IV. Explain the following terms:FederalismMelting potMosaicSeparation of powersJudicial reviewWinner-take-allFilibusterPocket vetoCold warNew DealMissouri CompromiseV. Questions for discussion1.How many states are there in the United States? And which two states aregeographically separated from the others?2.What are the general characters of the Rocky Mountains and the AppalachianMountains?3.Do you think that geography has played an important role in the economicdevelopment of the United States? Explain.4.Why is the United States known as a “melting pot”?5.What factors cause the Americans to move frequently within the UnitedStates?6.Why do many Americans now migrate from cities to suburbs?7.Discuss the pre-Columbian cultures in the Americas.8.Why did the discoveries of the New World before Columbus not exert greatinfluence in the world at that time?9.Why did so many English people move to the New World in the 17th century?10.What was the social structure of the 13 colonies?11.Why did not the American Indians become slaves during the colonial days?12.How do you understand checks and balances in American political system?13.What do you know about the American Civil War, its causes, process, results,etc?14.How do you comment on the constitutional division of powers in Americanpolitical system?15.Which president in American history do you think is the greatest? Why?。