6选4---2020年上海高考英语一模专题

第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英语试卷（完卷时间： 120分钟满分： 140分）第I卷（共100分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a cosmetics shop. B. In a hospital. C. In a nutrition department. D. In a supermarket.2. A. Boss and secretary. B. Editor and publisher.C. Student and professor.D. Writer and reader.3. A. Open a wedding company. B. Try a new restaurant.C. Run his own bakery.D. Buy some insurance.4. A. The package is too big to deliver. B. The delivery can be made automatically.C. The woman will have lunch with the man.D. The man can make the delivery tomorrow morning.5. A. He was most difficult to satisfy. B. He set many special requirements.C. He inspected the project regularly.D. He was as common as other customers.6. A. An amazing book. B. A great woman. C. A scientific field. D. A strong voice.7. A. He himself is a big fan of Hepburn. B. He does not think the girl is like Hepburn.C. H e felt puzzled by girls’ love for Hepburn.D. He does not know anything about Hepburn.8. A. When to do mind-wandering. B. Where to have physical activities.C. How to keep attentive in a lecture.D. How to take notes in a lecture.9. A. Ordinary. B. Practical. C. Disturbing. D. Unrealistic.10. A. Decorating the company. B. Finishing a painting.C. Preparing a presentation.D. Restructuring the budget.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 2. B. 11. C. 21. D. 30.12. A. A horse. B. A dog. C. A pig. D. A cat.13. A. More annoyed. B. Less anxious. C. More frightened. D. Less shocked. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Its clear aim. B. Its evaluation process.C. Its numerous applications.D. Its solid foundation.15. A. In 1954. B. In 2013. C. In 2018. D. In 2000.16. A. Its location and area. B. The categories of its collections.C. Its official WeChat account.D. The visiting experience it offers.Questions 17through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Consumer and gender. B. Age groups and activities.C. Sports and facilities.D. Training time and trend.18. A. Cycling. B. Jogging. C. Skiing. D. Swimming.19. A. 18-26. B. 27-35. C. 36-45. D. 46-55.20. A. To determine which item deserves priority.B. To get ideas for a more appealing slogan design.C. To know about teenagers’ leisure sporting activities.D. To see which age group is at the top of consumption capability.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Asleep on a plane: a case for window seatsI love to sleep on planes, and I have an unusual ability to sleep well on them. There have even been one or two occasions (21) __________ I have fallen asleep before takeoff and awakened upon the impact of landing, not having realized we had even left the ground. So when (22) __________ (book) my flights, I always choose the window seat whenever possible. This allows me to lean my sleepy head against the wall of the plane for a bit (23) __________ (much) comfort.Some (24) __________ argue that the aisle(走廊)seat is superior for the leg space and the ability to get off swiftly and eye the snack cart. But in reality, we’re all getting our drinks and snacks (25) __________ seconds. Also, I find that if a person knows he’s in a window seat, he’ll choose to u se the bathroom before boarding so that he (26) __________ (not need) to disturb his neighbor, which is just considerate. And he’ll seize the opportunity to get up when another seatmate gets up so that the seatmate needn’t (27) __________ (bother) more than once.As a photographer and visually oriented person, the window seat gives me the best views of cottony clouds, or a great sunset, or golden sunrise, etc. Most of all, (28) __________ __________ I’ve been flying for years, I still get pleasure of seeing my departing city or country (29) __________ (shrink) into the distance, and the butterflies in my stomach when I see the horizon of my destination come into view. And those feelings of adventure and excitement are (30) __________ keep me coming back, flight after flight, to my window seat.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passag, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Endangered languages can be found throughout the world. Many languages now have fewer than 100 or even fewer than 10 speakers. The crisis is not limited to remote regions of the world. When Europeans first arrived in North America, 312 different languages were ___41___, of which 123 are now known to be extinct. Of the ___42___ languages, most speakers are grandparents and great-grandparents.Different researchers offer different definitions of “endangered”. The system of ___43___ used by the Catalogue of Endangered Languages evaluates languages in four areas: the ___44___ of all the speakers, how often the language is conveyed to the next ___45___, the rate at which it is losing speakers and the ___46___ in which it is used. Based on this data, languages are ranked on a six-point scale from “safe” to “severely endangered.” The midpoint, “endangered” refers to a language with betwe en 100 and 1,000 speakers who represent about half of the language’s community or ethnic group. The language is spoken only by some parents, of whom very few teach it to their children. It is ___47___ used at home and is not taught in schools or used for government business.Languages become endangered due to a number of ___48___ factors including globalization, economics, technology, education policy, and changes in ___49___ attitudes. As the forces of globalization make the world more interconnected, previously ___50___ language communities come under pressure to participate in a larger economy, which means learning the area’s majority language. ___51___, local schools often begin to teach the majority language instead of the local tongue. Local languages also ___52___ as communities adopt mobile phones and computers, most of which run on software that has been translated into only a handful of languages. This trend ___53___ as these devices connect users to the Internet. At this point, many communities undergo a cultural ___54___ in which parents no longer value the language enough to teach it to their children.Initiatives to ___55___ endangered languages have become more numerous in recent years. These efforts tend to focus on two main areas: the documentation of endangered languages, and efforts to increase the use of endangered languages among younger speakers and in the community at large.41. A. at hand B. at risk C. in use D. in view42. A. ancient B. evolving C. local D. surviving43. A. assessment B. classification C. description D. research44. A. age B. background C. number D. religion45. A. committee B. century C. generation D. government46. A. content B. occupations C. situations D. themes47. A. advisedly B. efficiently C. primarily D. rarely48. A. balancing B. complicating C. historical D. interrelated49. A. cultural B. mental C. moral D. religious50. A. foreign B. informal C. isolated D. national51. A. For example B. In contrast C. In response D. Vice versa52. A. boom B. develop C. disappear D. suffer53. A. ceases B. changes C. increases D. starts54. A. difference B. influence C. shift D. variety55. A. enrich B. purify C. refresh D. standardizeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( A )Many of China’s ancient architectural treasures smashed to dust before Lin Huiyin and Liang Sicheng began documenting them in the 1930s. The husband and wife team were among the first preservationists to operate in China, and by far the best known. Their efforts have since inspired generations of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush toward development.Becoming China’s best architectur al historians was no easy accomplishment. The buildings they wanted to save were centuries old, located in distant parts of the country. In many cases, they had to journey through dangerous conditions in the Chinese countryside to reach them. Exploring Chi na’s remote areas during the 1930s meant traveling muddy, poorly maintained roads by mule(骡子)or on foot. Inns were often dirty, food could be polluted, and there was always risk of violence from rebels, soldiers and robbers.Their greatest discovery was t he Temple of Buddha’s Light, in Wutai County, Shanxi Province. The breathtaking wooden temple was built in 857 A.D., making it the oldest building known in China at the time.Liang and Lin crawled into the temple’s most forbidding, forgotten areas to dete rmine its age, including one hideaway inhabited by thousands of bats and millions of bedbugs, covered in dust and littered with dead bats. “In complete darkness and among the awful smell, hardly breathing, with thick masks covering our noses and mouths, we measured, drew, and photographed with flashlights for several hours. When at last we came out to take a breath of fresh air, we found hundreds of bedbugs in our bag. We ourselves had been badly bitten. Yet the importance and unexpectedness of our find made those the happiest hours of my years hunting for ancient architecture.”Liang wrote of the experience in an account included in “Liang and Lin: Partners in Exploring China’s Architectural Past.”56. On their way to the ancient buildings in 1930s, Liang and Lin faced following risks EXCEPT ________.A. accommodationsB. personal securityC. road conditionsD. vehicles57. Liang and Lin raised public awareness of _____.A. documenting smashed historical buildingsB. rebuilding historically valuable buildingsC. saving the oldest temples in ChinaD. protecting historical buildings58. While exploring the Temple of Buddha’s Light, __________.A. Liang and Lin caught insects with awful smellB. Liang and Lin were forbidden to breathe insideC. Liang and Lin were pleased at something unhoped forD. Liang and Lin determined its age by studying bedbugs’ hideaway59. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Creativeness results in discoveryB. Difficulty produces achievementC. Efforts contribute to happinessD. Responsibilities make development( B )HP ENVY Photo 7155 All-in-One PrinterSpecial offers: Free shipping!●Print, Scan, Copy, Web, Photo●Print speed ISO: Up to 14 ppm black, up to 9 ppm color●Go from memory card to photo printout with ease●Instant Ink ready; High yield ink available------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------$179.99Add to cart$99.99Ships within 1 business dayProduct #K7G93A#B1HFor expert advice, price matching, or help with orders, call 1-866-625-6132.Protect your Device ●1-Year Standard Warranty Includedwith an HP Care Pack ○2 Year Next Day Exchange ENVY 5055, 6255, 7155$18.00HP Recommends○3 Year Next Day Exchange ENVY 5055, 6255, 7155$25.00-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Features Specs Ink & Paper Support Special offers ReviewsGet true-to-life photos and increased adaptability. Produce true colors, and set up, connect, and print right from your mobile device. Go from memory card to photo printout with ease.HP Photo and Document All-in-One Printers are designed for families and other home users who want a device capable of printing everything from documents, emails and web pages to rich, bright lab-quality photos—with copy and scan tools too.Active security enabled printer. Intended to be used with containers using only HP original electronic electrical system. Containers with modified or non-HP electronic circuitry may not work, and those that work today may not work in the future.Twice as many photosPrint up to twice as many pages with Original HP high-yield ink containers. HP 64 ink containers deliver true colors so all your prints will shine. Create splendid borderless photos and leaflets—right in your home. The power of your printer in your handPrinting photos just got easier – from social media, the cloud, and your camera-roll gallery.Amazing scanning, now on your smartphone. Scan and share to email or the cloud –from virtually anywhere. Ordering ink has never been easier – directly through the app. Easily print photos and everyday documents directly from your smartphone or tablet.A new level of wireless connectivity you can count onGet simple Wi-Fi® setup in minutes, and start printing fast.Return & exchange informationHP. com will accept returns or exchanges for this product up to 30 days after delivery. A restocking fee may apply.60. Which statement is true of this type of printer?A. It is a portable printer designed for home and office use.B. It is a multi-function printer producing high-quality photos.C. It is an easy-operation printer with a two-year free care pack.D. It is a wireless-connected printer protected by modified containers.61. Which of the following words best describe its “ink container”?A. Adaptable.B. Automatic.C. Cost-effective.D. Eco-friendly.62. If you order this type of printer online today, ___________.A. you will receive it tomorrowB. you can return it without being chargedC. you can get a care pack on discountD. you can save﹩80( C )①Risk is something we face daily. However, some people are obviously more willing to take risks than others.②Biologists appear to have discovered a physical reason that explains why some people are risk-takers. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter, a chemical that spreads signals between nerve cells. It is linked to the brains reward system and is the chemical that makes us feel good, and scientists believe it to be linked to risk-taking. Our nerve cells have dopamine receptors(接收器)which control the amount of dopamine that each cell receives. But not all receptors may be active. When a person has few active receptors to control the amount of dopamine that is received, a cell can become flooded resulting in an extreme feeling of happiness.③Researchers at Vanderbilt University and Albert Einstein College of Medicine asked 34 men and women to complete a questionnaire about their risk taking to assess whether they seek new opportunities or are cautious in life. The results of the research were consistent with similar studies carried out with rats, and had the same outcome. It concluded that people who are risk-takers have fewer dopamine receptors than people who are not. This suggests that the rush of pleasure a risk taker receives when a cell becomes flooded with dopamine can become addictive for some people. They therefore pursue new and exciting activities in order to try to repeat this feeling, and as a result their concern for risk becomes considerably reduced.④Dopamine gives us a biological reason for risk-taking, but scientists believe there may be psychological reasons too. Sensation-seeking is a personality characteristic that describes the desire to find activities that bring us pleasure. In 1964, psychologist Marvin Zuckerman created the sensation-seeking scale. His 40-item questionnaire, still used today, was given to people who were active in seeking new activities, and to people who were more satisfied with a quiet life. While risk-taking is not a characteristic in itself, it is very much associated with sensation-seeking, as a high sensation-seeker does not evaluate risk in the same way that a low sensation-seeker does. A desire to achieve pleasure means that there is a greater willingness to take more risks.⑤There are both biological and psychological explanations as to why some people may choose to take more risks than others. However, none of these explanations are definitive.63. If a person has fewer active dopamine receptors, __________.A. he is less likely to feel happyB. he is more willing to take risksC. he will eventually become dopamine-addictiveD. he is poorer at controlling the amount of dopamine64. The underlined phrase “consistent with” is closest to “__________” in meaning.A. contrary toB. in agreement withC. at the cost ofD. persistent in65. What can be concluded from paragraph 4?A. The longing for pleasure may lead to risk taking.B. A willingness to take more risks can be cultivated.C. The sensation-seeking scale can help to evaluate risk.D. High sensation-seekers are more common than low ones.66. This passage mainly talks about __________.A. when we learn to take risksB. how risk-taking benefits usC. what makes risk-takersD. why we should take risksSection CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Many options require city-level investment in new facilities.B.However, it is not yet clear which technologies and fuels cities will back.C.Through their actions, city governments today are helping to shape the cities of the future.D.For example, London is requiring all newly licensed taxis to be zero-emission capable from 2018.E.City planners are using transport-oriented development to increase density while maintaining quality oflife and property value.F.Some cities, such as Delhi, are investing heavily in creating the mass transport systems needed tochange how citizens travel.Sustainable Transport in CitiesTransport has always shaped cities. In Medieval times crossroads gave birth to blooming market towns. Many North American cities were created for the car. But how are the cities of today being shaped by a need for more sustainable transport?Many local governments are speeding up change through policy initiatives such as joined transport, congestion charges and low emission zones, sustainable gaining and lifecycle costing, and opening data up to companies and academics. And these city level policies can move markets in more sustainable directions. ___67___ This has resulted in five vehicle manufacturers committing to meeting that deadline, which is both in their own commercial interests and good for the environment.The least dense cities, for example, Houston, have per capita(人均的) carbon emissions nearly ten times higher than the densest, such as Singapore. ___68___ This involves gathering mixed use developments around a key transport center, as with the KL Central area in Kuala Lumpur, built around the largest railway station in Southeast Asia.___69___ Others are using motivations and behavioural change to encourage people to choose more efficient―and often healthier―forms of transport. Copenhagen has a number of progressive cycl ing policies including the Green Wave, which allows people cycling at 20km/h to hit all green lights during rush hour.Light weighting and new engine and fuel technologies are helping to make existing road and rail vehicles more efficient. ___70___ The main options are hydrogen fuel cells, fossil fuel hybrids, and electric vehicles, and the best solution may well vary from city to city.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Online “friends”―a threat to developmentThe impact of technology on the nature of our friendships has been a much-debated topic since the dramatic rise of social networks. Advances in mobile technology and social networking websites mean we spend more time online than ever before. It is therefore not surprising that so many psychologists, sociologists, and others are eager to give their thoughts on how this is impacting negatively on our society.There is one element of social networking that is deeply worrying. We find ourselves in a hyper-connected world where people access social media day and night, excited to make announcements about the tiniest details of their lives. Research is starting to show that this culture is negatively affecting not our friendships but our character. Professor Larry D. Rosen says that young people who overuse social networkingsites can become ineffective, aggressive, and display anti-social behavior in their offline lives. But perhaps an even more disturbing effect is that one of our most basic emotions seems to be disappearing—empathy. This is the emotion that allows us to see the world from our friends’ points of view. Without it, we are far less able to connect and form meaningful adult relationships.Professor Sherry Turkle suggests that people are no longer comfortable being alone. This is something confirmed by a study where 200 university students were asked to go without social media for 24 hours. Many admitted an addiction to their online social network; most complained that they felt cut off from family and friends. And yet being alone is a time when we self-reflect and get in touch with who we really are. It is only when we do this that we can make meaningful friendships with others.These potential changes in our characters are rather alarming, so it is clear that we can’t neglect those negative impacts of social networks.第II卷（共40分）V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 这些安全措施仍将继续实施至下月初。

【一模汇编】2020届高三英语一模16区（15份）六选四汇编01. 黄浦区Sustainable Transport in CitiesTransport has always shaped cities. In Medieval times crossroads gave birth to blooming market towns. Many North American cities were created for the car. But how are the cities of today being shaped by a need for more sustainable transport?Many local governments are speeding up change through policy initiatives such as joined transport, congestion charges and low emission zones, sustainable gaining and lifecycle costing, and opening data up to companies and academics. And these city level policies can move markets in more sustainable directions. ___67___ This has resulted in five vehicle manufacturers committing to meeting that deadline, which is both in their own commercial interests and good for the environment.The least dense cities, for example, Houston, have per capita(人均的) carbon emissions nearly ten times higher than the densest, such as Singapore. ___68___ This involves gathering mixed use developments around a key transport center, as with the KL Central area in Kuala Lumpur, built around the largest railway station in Southeast Asia.___69___ Others are using motivations and behavioural change to encourage people to choose more efficient―and often healthier―forms of transport. Copenhagen has a number of progressive cycling policies including the Green Wave, which allows people cycling at 20km/h to hit all green lights during rush hour.Light weighting and new engine and fuel technologies are helping to make existing road and rail vehicles more efficient. ___70___ The main options are hydrogen fuel cells, fossil fuel hybrids, and electric vehicles, and the best solution may well vary from city to city.答案：67-70 DEFBW hether you’re on social media or sending a text message, you encounter emoji (表情符号) regularly. 67 . While most people’s enthusiasm for emoji increased in the smartphone era, Japan has been crazy for emoji since 1999. Designer Shigetaka Kurita invented emoji for a Japanese phone company 20 years ago as a way to make it easier to express ideas in a short message. The word emoji can be translated as “picture character”from Japanese. After the release of Kurit a’s emoji, rival phone companies in Japan began creating their own emoji. Many emoji on our digital devices today are imported from Kurita’s original set of emoji.Japan’s love for emo ji continued well into the 2000s before the rest of the world discovered them. Apple Inc. officially introduced an emoji function in their software in 2011. Soon, other phone companies from around the world made it easier for their customers to use emoji. 68 .As you scroll (滑动) through your phone, you can see the wide selection of available emoji. More than 2,000 emoji are in existence now, with more being released each year. These numbers show the popularity and demand for emoji.Why? Because words alone can’t convey the complete meaning of a digital message. In digital communication, emoji express a tone or mood. More than 90 percent of people online use emoji especially ones that show emotion like hearts and smileys. 69 . For example, they might send a red heart emoji as a response that they really like something instead of writing, “I love that.”Some emoji are also abstract enough for people to use in any way they like. You can send an emoji as an inside joke, which is only understood between you and your friend. 70 . Nor do they belong to a specific culture. You and I give emoji meaning, because emoji is a language that belongs to all of us.答案：67. A 68. D 69. B 70. FGrowing Food from Air in NigeriaA group of farmers in Nigeria is using a technology-based method to grow crops from mist (水汽) in the air. The method, known as aeroponics, does not involve soil. Instead, plant roots hang in the air. The roots take in nutrients from a watery mist.Aeroponics is not well-known in Nigeria, but farmers there are working to make the technique more popular.67Biochemist Samson Ogbole is popularly known as Nigeria’s smart farmer. He and his team are growing crops without soil at the technology-based farm they started three years ago in Abeokuta. Ogbole says they are on a campaign to end seasonal food scarcity in Nigeria. “Because we are the ones controlling everything that the plant requires, we are not depending on seasons. So it’s no longer seasonal farming. It is just farming anytime of the year, meaning we can plant anytime of the year, and we can harvest anytime of the year.”68 It required financing of more than $180,000. And some people in Abeokuta were very much against this non-traditional method of farming. It took a lot of effort to change people’s minds about aeroponics.In Nigeria, about 30 million hectares (公顷) of farmland is being used, instead of the 78.5 million hectares required for food security. In the north, only 49 percent of the land is fertile, a situation that worries traditional farmers. 69 Nutrients for the plants are controlled by a recycling system, greatly increasing productivity.Philip Ojo is director general of Nigeria’s National Agricultural Seeds Council. He says the government welcomes new farming methods. Ojo noted that with aeroponics, farmers can quickly increase planting materials. So, his group strongly supports the technology.The agricultural industry represents about 40 percent of Nigeria’s economy. 70 For now, most farmers lack the technical knowledge to increase productivity. They also need access to high-quality seeds to guarantee better harvests. Technologically skilled farmers like Samson Ogbole are offering a new way forward.答案：67. F 68. A 69. D 70. BWhen he rolls into a gas station to fill his tank, Barkhad Dahir doesn’t get out of his car. He pushes a few buttons on his cellphone and within seconds he has paid for the fuel. With the same quick pushes on his phone he pays for almost everything he needs.Electronic payments offer consumers convenience, provide profits for banks, credit card companies and payment processors and offer merchants improved cash flow and convenience. “I haven’t seen cash for a long time. Alm ost every merchant even hawker(小贩) on the street accepts payment by cellphone. 67. __________” says Adan Abokora, a democracy activist.Purchases are made by dialing a three-digit number, entering a four-digit PIN and then entering the retailer’s payment number and the amount of money. Both customers and merchants receive text messages to confirm the payment.68. __________ For instance, the printing and handling of money is expensive. Cash payments can be anonymous (匿名的) and it is hard to track criminal activities conducted in secret. Many governments favor reducing cash dealings in order to better monitor and understand the activities of their citizens. The Swedish government has been discussing the removing of cash since 2010.69. __________ Do they choose to rob? Do they sit at home and wait? What happens to people who rely on their cellphones to process money dealings when cell service and the Internet are interrupted? A world affected by terrorism and increasingly violent weather may not yet be ready t o abandon currency.”Other people fear that electronic payments may create security risks and enable dealings to be tracked and reported.70. __________ New technologies which balance and address these factors may enable people to remove cash.答案：67----70 ADEFIs Multitasking Always Good?Not only do smartphones provide unrestricted access to information, they provide perfect opportunities to multitask. Any activity can be accompanied by music, selfies or social media updates. Of course, some people pick poor times to tweet or text, and lawmakers have stepped in. __67__ In Honolulu, it’s illegal to text or even look at your phone while crossing the street, and in the Netherlands they’ve banned texting while biking.__68__You need to self-regulate. Understanding how the brain multitasks and why we find multitasking so appealing will help you realize the danger of pulling out your phone.Multitasking feels like doing two things at the same time, so it seems the danger lies in asking one mental process to do two unrelated things — for texting drivers, watching the screen and the road.Twenty states have instituted bans on driving using a hand-held phone while still allowing hands-free calls. Yet hands-free or hand-held makes no difference. __69__The real problem is the switch of attention between the conversation and the road, and that affects performance.People sense this, and when on the phone they drive slower and increase their following distance, but they are far too confident that these measures reduce risks. This overconfidence extends to other activities. A 2015 survey showed that a majority of students who use social media, text or watch TV while studying think that they can still comprehend the material they’re studying.People don’t multitask merely because they see no harm i n it; they see benefits. __70__Most people will still choose to multitask. But they should, at the very least, be fully aware of how that choice affects them and the potential consequences for themselves and others. They need to pay attention to how much — or how little — they are paying attention.答案：67-70: CAEBEssential CreativityIn a recent survey in America, 62% of people said that creativity was more important to success in the workplace than they had anticipated it would be when they were in school.(67) _____________ It is of course possible to scan people’s brains and see which parts are firing when an idea is created, but rather more romantically it can be thought of as something that cannot be identified. Creativity is what comes to you when you least expect it. You cannot demand creativity from your mind, nor can you demand that you are creative in a particular way.One misconception about creativity is that it is reserved for a few special people. This is not true. (68) _____________ Another misconception is that creativity is all about the arts but this simply isn’t true: creativity extends to maths and science in just the way it does to music and literature.Those who see things differently to others and are confident enough to make their ideas a reality are the ones who make the greatest changes in the world. Consequently, it is incredibly important that schools do not prevent creativity.(69) ________________ Students should be taught to ask questions and investigate when things do not make sense. They need to learn to view mistakes as opportunities for learning rather than something that was unsuccessful.It is worrying that many schools are less concerned now with nurturing creativity when this is the most important time in history for it. It used to be that people worked hard, went to university, and got a job. That was it. But now, everyone works hard, goes to university —and there aren’t the j obs out there that guarantee a safe future. (70) ________________ We can use it to set ourselves apart, and channel it to face the challenges of the future.答案：67-70 EFBCSouth Africa still has a long way to go on the right to foodFifty-four percent of South Africans are hungry or at risk of hunger. Hunger affects people’s health, as well as their ability to live full and productive lives because the rights to dignity, health and education are affected by hunger.______67_____ There are significant race, class and gender differences. For example, black South Africans are 22 times more likely to be food insecure compared with white South Africans. Food insecurity is defined as not having physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.This unequal distribution indicates a situation of severe food injustice in South Africa. Yet from the research with urban farmers it’s clear that people do not know of the right to food, and don’t see unequal access to nutritious food as an injustice. ______68_____While there are frequent protests around access to jobs, education, housing, water and electricity, we rarely, if ever, see protests about access to food.One of the drivers of unequal access to food is the way in which the industrial food system works. For example, a few large companies dominate each aspect of the food value chain. ______69_____Because the large companies dominate the supply chain, they are able to maximize profits at the expense of small-scale producers, to whom they pay very low prices.______70_____It needs to ensure that marginalized producers, processors and retailers have an opportunity to earn a decent living. At the same time corporate dominance needs to be addressed.Anyway, at the most basic level, it requires that South Africans know they have a right to food in the first place.答案：67—70: EADBVitamin D3 Improve Heart FunctionA daily dose of vitamin D3 improves heart function in people with heart failure, a five-year University of Leeds research project has found.Dr. Klaus Witte, from the School of Medicine and Consultant Cardiologist at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, led the study. He said: “This is a significant breakthrough for patients. It is the first evidence that vitamin D3 can improve heart function of people with heart muscle weakness –known as heart failure.” __67__Vitamin D3 can be boosted by exposure to sunlight, but heart failure patients are often deficient in it even during the summer because older people make less vitamin D3 in response to sunlight than younger people. Vitamin D3 production in the skin is also reduced by sunscreen.The study, which was funded by the Medical Research Council, involved more than 160 patients from Leeds who were already being treated for their heart failure using proven treatments including beta — blockers, ACE-inhibitors and pacemakers. __68__ Those patients who took vitamin D3 experienced an improvement in heart function which was not seen in those who took a placebo.__69__ Heart specialists measure heart function by taking an ultrasound scan of the heart and measuring how much blood pumps from the heart with each heartbeat, known as ejection fraction. The ejection fraction of a healthy person is usually between 60% and 70%. In heart failure patients, the ejection fraction is often significantly impaired —in the patients enrolled into the study the average ejection fraction was 26%.In the 80 patients who took Vitamin D3, the heart’s pumping function improved from 26% to 34%. __70__ This means that for some heart disease patients, taking vitamin D3 regularly may lessen the need for them to be fitted with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), a device which detects dangerous irregular heart rhythms and can shock the heart to restore a normal rhythm.答案：67-70 F D B CSlower Walkers Have Slower Minds, Scientists RevealOf all human activities, few are so readily credited with enhancing the power of the mind as going for a good walk. However, those who assume that strolling along at a gentle pace is the symbol of superior intellect should think again, scientists have said. __________67_________Doctors have long used walking speed to gain a quick and reliable understanding of older people’s mental capability, as it is increasingly recognized that pace is associated with not only muscular strength but also the central nervous system. __________68_________The relationship was so obvious, however, that the US scientists now say walking tests could be used to provide an early indication of dementia（痴呆）.Published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, the study revealed an average difference of 16 IQ points between the slowest and the fastest walkers at the age of 45. This reflected both the participants’ natural walking speed and the pace they achieved when asked to walk as fast as they could. __________69_________ Actually, slower walkers were shown to have “speeded aging” on a 19-measure scale devised by researchers, and their lungs, teeth and immune systems tended to be in worse shape than the people who walked faster.The 904 New Zealand men and women who were tested at 45 were tracked from the age of three, each undergoing multiple tests over the years. The long-term data collection enabled researchers to establish that kids with lower IQ scores, lower linguistic ability and weaker emotional control tended to have slower walking speeds by middle age.__________70__________.The research team said genetic factors may explain the link between walking speed, brain capacity and physical health or that better brain health might promote physical activity, leading to better walking speed. Some of the differences in health and intellect may be the result of lifestyle choices individuals have made.答案：67-70 C E A D10. 长宁、金山区The Fullness of TimeMost of us think we have very little time, but the truth is we actually have a lot—on average, five hours 49 minutes each day, which means we typically have somewhere between 36 and 40 hours available to be spent every week however we want. So why don’t we feel time-rich? 67One is that we earn more, so time feels more expensive. Then there’s the way we’ve come to see busyness as a status symbol: important people are busy, so we want to be busy, too. Add to that the flood of incoming emails and texts, along with the endless ocean of possibilities, and it’s easy to see where time goes.A second factor is the comparison we make between what we can do and what others are doing, making us anxious.68 This fools us into thinking we’re being more productive with our work time, so we try to do it with our leisure time, too. When we’re playing with our kids, we check Facebook. When we’re hanging out with one group of friends, we post pictures to show another. This is something sociologists call ‘polluted time’.We’re also addicted to our devices. In 2007, the amount of leisure time we spent on devices like smartphones could be measured in minutes. Now, we spend on average 3.5 hours a day online. 69You might be wondering why you need help deciding how to spend your free time—after all you know the sort of things you enjoy, so what could be so difficult? Psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi has a surprising opinion on it. “The popular assumption is that no skills are involved in enjoying free time, anybody can do it. Yet the evidence suggests the opposite; free time is more difficult to enjoy than work.” Worryingly, scientists have found that people are often no happier after a holiday than if they’d never taken one. 70 The question still remains unsettled.答案：67-70 EABD11. 浦东新区The Ban on Trading Ivory (象牙) is Unfair but NecessaryAs in some countries elephant population have recovered, there are competing proposals about how absolute the ban on elephant trading should be. Countries seeking a modest relaxation have a strong case to make. But it is not strong enough. The ban must stay.Understandably, countries that have done a good job protecting their elephants feel this is unfair. 67. __________________ And the real burden of all this is borne by poor local people who are in competition with wildlife for resources, and sometimes in conflict with it —elephants can be destructive. People and governments, so the argument goes, need to have an economic stake (利害关系) in the elephants’ survival. The ivory trade would give them one.To understand why these reasonable-sounding proposals should be rejected, consider what has happened to elephant numbers since some legal trade was authorised, when Botswana, Namibia and South Africa were allowed in 2007 to sell a fixed amount of ivory to Japan. 68. __________________ A survey conducted in 2014-15 estimated that elephant numbers had fallen by 30% across 18 countries since 2007.69. __________________ In better-resourced national parks, drones are used to make it easier for park keepers to spot illegal hunters. DNA testing of ivory can identify where they came from, and thus whether they are legal. As prices of the technologies fall and countries get richer, both technologies are likely to spread.The objection to trade in products of endangered species is not moral. When the world is confident that it will boost elephant numbers rather than wipe them out, the ivory trade should be encouraged. 70. __________________ And until it does, the best hope for the elephant—and even more endangered species, such as rhinos (犀牛) — lies not in easing the ban on trading their products, but in enforcing it better.答案：67-70 DBEASearch for a Human Face for RobotsLooking for a $130,000 payday? Geomiq, a British engineering and manufacturing firm is searching for a “kind and friendly” face to be the face of a robot once it goes into production. “This will entail (需要) the selected person’s face being reproduced on potentially thousands of versions of the robots worldwide,” Geomiq says in a blog post about the project.Robots have been at the forefront of technology for decades, and are widely considered the future of our technological advancement. With the number of adults over 85 expected to triple by 2050, according to some estimates, robots designed to keep the elderly company are becoming increasingly common.(67) __________________ They do things like responding to voice commands, offering proactive (积极主动的) notifications and advice and letting relatives monitor conditions at home. There is still a long way to go but new robotic products are coming into fruition all the time. Geomiq says the robot line has been in the works for five years and will result in a companion for seniors.The designer has noted in an interview with a select press pool that they can’t release too many details at this stage．(68) __________________The designer has also stressed that unsuccessful candidates will not be contacted. The company says the need for anonymity (匿名) is due to the secretive nature of the project. However, it believes the robot will soon be “readily available” to the public and hopes the campaign will create extra buzz ahead of its eventual release. “We know that this is an extremely unique request, and signing over the licenses to your face is potentially an extremely big decision,” Geomiq said.(69) __________________ The designer has said that the project has been in development for five years, and in that time frame taken on investment from some independent venture capitals as well as a top fund based in Shanghai. The company says the robots’ purpose will be to act as a “virtual friend” for elderly people and is set to go into production next year.The blog post doesn’t share age or gender parameters (参数). (70) __________________ Candidates who make it to the next phase will get full details on the project. “The secrecy, ” Geo miq says, “is due to a non-disclosure agreement it’s signed with the robot’s designer and investors.”答案：67-70 DFEBImagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “Should I jump?” This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin.67 Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.68 More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Only then should you set your goals.You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. 69 So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity of thoughts can help you move forward.Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. They can change according to circumstances. They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 70 You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.答案：67.E 68. B 69. A 70. CHow Colleges Can Measure Up in Teaching “Critical Thinking”After becoming president of Purdue University in 2013, Mitch Daniels asked the teaching staff to prove that their students have actually achieved one of higher education’s most important goals: critical thinking skills. ___67___ Mr. Daniels needed to justify the high cost of attending Purdue to its students and their families. After all, the percentage of Americans who say a college degree is “very important” has fallen dramatically in the last 5-6 years.Purdue now has a pilot test to assess students’ critical thinking skills. ____68____ However, they need not worry so much. The results of a recent experiment showed that professors could use standard grading scale to measure how well students did in three key areas: critical thinking, written communication and language literacy.___ 69____ The organizers of the experiment concluded that far fewer students were achieving at high levels on critical thinking than they were doing for written communication or language literacy. And that conclusion is based only on students nearing graduation.American universities, despite their global reputation for excellence in teaching, have only begun to demonstrate what they can produce in real-world learning. Knowledge-based degrees are still important, but employers are demanding advanced thinking skills from college graduates. ____70____答案：67-70 BECAThe price of a piece of historyA fresh lemon can be purchased for less than $1. But in 2008, Cowan's Auctions in Cincinnati sold a lemon blackened with age for $2,350.What was so special about this lemon?____67_______ According to a handwritten note in ink attached to a partly sealed bottle containing the lemon, the fruit was picked in May 1842 by Washington's "old gardener" some 43 years after the first president's deathTwo thousand dollars is a lot to pay for produce, even from the estate of a founding father. This sale, however, just might be considered a bargain compared with prices paid for other historical collectibles in recent years. ____68______ Collecting a piece of history, or an object associated with a famous person, is not brand new. Ordinary objects with extraordinary stories have increasingly been coming to auction and achieving high prices, says Thomas Venning, director of Christie's department of books and manuscripts in London. Prices are being driven up, he says, by collectors in the U.S. and, increasingly, in Asia. The Hawking wheelchair, for example, was purchased by a private museum in China.____69______ For one thing, their history of ownership is both crucial and sometimes difficult to prove. Photographs of the famous person with the object, as well as documentation (such as letters, diaries or recollections by acquaintances referring to the object) can also help. ______70_______ To evaluate the value of a Picasso painting, one can look at recent prices paid for other Picasso paintings of the same period, similar size or style. Finding another recent sale of a lemon planted by George Washington is a different matter.Katie Horstman, head of Cowan's American History department, says she could find no comparable items for the lemon as she prepared the piece for its auction. Ms. Horstman nevertheless eventually arrived at the estimated value at $3,000 to $4,000, she says, by researching auction records for objects somehow associated with Washington that had appeared on the market.Cowans ended up estimating the value of the lemon at $3,000 to $4,000, according to description on its website. Objects associated with Washington these days, Ms. Horstman says, can sell for anywhere from 1,000 up to tens of thousands of dollars.答案：67-70 CABE。

2020年上海市徐汇区高考英语一模试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.1.Once upon a time …Once upon a time there lived in Germany two brothers． At school they met a wise man who led them to a treasure ﹣ a library of old books with tales more fascinating than any they had ever heard．（1）________（inspire）， the brothers began collecting their own stories，listening to the folktales people told them． Soon they produced their own treasure ﹣ a book of fairy tales that would charm millions in faraway lands for generations （2）________（come）．The brothers Grimm， Jacob and Wilhelm， named their story collection Children's and Household Tales and published it in Germany in 1812． The collection （3）________（translate） into more than 160 languages up to now． The stories and their characters continue to feature in virtually every media： theatre， opera， comic books， movies，paintings， rock music， advertising and fashion．Such fame would have shocked the modest Grimms． During their lifetimes the collection （4）________（sell） few copies in Germany． The early editions were not even aimed at children． They had no illustrations， and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales （5）________． Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm began their work at a time （6）________ Germany had been occupied by the French under Napoleon． The new rulers restricted local culture． As young scholars， the brothers Grimm began to work on thefairy tale collection in order to save the endangered oral storytelling tradition of Germany．（7）________ the brothers implied that they were just keeping records of tales， Wilhelm continued to polish and reshape the stories up to the final edition of 1857． In an effort to make them more acceptable to children and their parents， he stressed the moral of eachtale and emphasized gender roles． To this day， parents still read them to their children because they approve of the lessons in the stories： keep your promises， don't talk to strangers， work hard， obey your parents．Yet （8）________ all Wilhelm's additions， the most important part of these stories was left untouched． The cruel treatment of children and the violent punishments handed out to the stories' bad guys are too much for some parents．So what accounts for their popularity？ Some have suggested that it is （9）________ the characters are always striving for happiness． But the truth probably lies in theirorigin． Grimms' tales were born out of a storytelling tradition without boundaries （界限）of age or culture． The brothers' skill was to translate these into a universal style of writing that seems to mirror （10）________ moods or interests we bring to our reading ofthem． And so it was that the Grimms' fairy tales lived happily ever after．Section BDirections： Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.2. A． distributedB． absolutelyC． infections D． consumeE． harborF． relianceG． potential H． specific I． originate J． respectively K． revealed Microplastic PollutionIn the past few years， scientists have found microplastics in our soil， tap water， bottled water， beer and even in the air we breathe． And there's growing concern about the （1）_______health risks they poseto humans．The new analysis in the UK have discovered microplastics widely （2）_______ across all 10 lakes and rivers sampled． More than 1，000 small pieces of plastic per litre were found in the River Tame， which was （3）_______ last year as the most polluted place tested worldwide． Even in relatively remote places such as the Falls of Dochart and Loch Lomondin Scotland， two or three pieces per litre were found．Microplastics are not a （4）_______ kind of plastic， but rather any type of small pieces of plastic that is less than 5 mm in length according to the U．S． National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration． They may （5）_______ from a variety of sources， including cosmetics， clothing， and industrial processes．Humans are known to （6）_______ the tiny plastic particles through food and water， butthe possible health effects on people and ecosystems have yet to be determined． One study，in Singapore， has found that microplastics can （7）_______ harmful microbes （微生物）．Research by the National University of Singapore found more than 400 types of bacteria on 275 pieces of microplastic collected from local beaches． They included insects that cause gastroenteritis （肠胃炎） and wound （8）_______ in humans．"Microplastics are being found （9）_______ everywhere but we do not know the harm they could be doing，" said Christian Dunn at Bangor University， Wales， who led the work． "It's no use looking back in 20 years' time and saying： 'If only we'd realized justhow bad it was．' We need to be monitoring our waters now and we need to think， as a country and a world， how we can be reducing our （10）_______on plastic．"III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.3. Since 2008, the average labour﹣force participation rate of 55﹣ to 64﹣year﹣olds in OECD （Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development） countries has risen by eight percentage points． A new OECD report, "Working Better with Age", points out thatthe employment of older workers is （1）_______, if prosperity is to be maintained． Thatcan be taken as a sign that our society is finally （2）_______the value of its older employees． Retirement gives you the chance to sleep late and avoid the morning rush hours． No longer do you have to sit through endless meetings or check email frequently． But work can keep the mind active and gives people a （3）_______ in life． The first month of retirement may seem pleasant, but （4）_______is sure to come． Grand plans to learn languages and travel the world can quickly lose their appeal．（5）_______, the company of colleagues provides a social network; spending all week at home can lead to loneliness．Working longer should be easier now that most jobs require （6）_______, rather than manual, labour． Of course, many people are working longer not because they enjoy what they do, but because they cannot afford to（7）_______． That is not just because governments have been pushing up the state retirement age．（8）_______, the average age at which people actually retire differs from the official age by several years． In part, that is because many people do not rely on the state pension as their only source of income and need work﹣related pensions to supplement it．However, companies are gradually （9）_______ pensions linked to final salaries with "defined contribution" schemes． Under the latter, workers end up with a pot of savings at retirement that needs to be（10）_______． The income from such pots has been reduced by very low interest rates． Women tend to have smaller retirement pots （thanks to their years spent raising children）, making their difficulties even more （11）_______． They need to keep working．Older workers may feel （12）_______, particularly when it comes to promotion． Two issues seem to hold （13）_______ back． The first is that older workers tend to （14）_______ higher salaries, because of the seniority system． The second is a （15）_______of skills; one in three 55﹣ to 65﹣year﹣olds in OECD countries either lack computer experience or cannot pass technology tests． Such problems can be resolved with proper training, but the over﹣55s should take it upon themselves to keep up with technological changes．（1）A shortsightedB vitalC adequateD unnecessary（2）A recognizingB assessingC questioningD transforming（3）A frameB choiceC lessonD purpose（4）A libertyB boredomC priorityD motivation（5）A HoweverB InsteadC ThereforeD Furthermore（6）A mentalB simpleC physicalD routine（7）A proceedB continueC persistD quit（8）A In conclusionB In other wordsC In practiceD In particular（9）A replacingB furnishingC increasingD combining（10）A registeredB reinvestedC refundedD removed（11）A personalB severeC emotionalD practical（12）A competitiveB dominantC distinguishedD disadvantaged（13）A employersB researchersC employeesD female workers（14）A commandB ensureC opposeD ignore（15）A rangeB disciplineC shortageD setSection BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.4. Agnes de Mille was a dancer and a choreographer （编舞）． Early in her career, de Mille had created the choreography for a ballet called Three Virgins and a Devil． She thought it was good work, but nobody made much of it．A few years later, de Mille choreographed a ballet named Rodeo． Again, she thought her work was solid, but it resulted in little commercial fame．Then, in 1943, de Mille choreographed Oklahoma!, a musical show that enjoyed nearly instant success． In the coming years, Oklahoma! would run for an incredible 2, 212 performances, both around the nation and abroad． In 1955, the film version won an Academy Award．But the success of Oklahoma! didn't bring her much happiness． She thought that her work on Oklahoma! was only average compared to some of her other creations． She later said, "After the opening of Oklahoma!, I suddenly had unexpected success for a work I thought was only fairly good, after years of neglect for work I thought was fine． I began to think that perhaps my entire scale of values was untrustworthy． I talked to Martha．"Martha was Martha Graham, perhaps the most influential dance choreographer of the20th century．（Although not as well﹣known by the general public, Graham has been compared to other creative geniuses like Picasso or Frank Lloyd Wright．）During their conversation, de Mille told Martha Graham about her frustration． "Iconfessed that I had a burning desire to be excellent, but no faith that I could be．"Graham responded by saying,"There is a vitality, a life force, an energy, a quickening that is translated through you into action, and because there is only one of you in all of time, this expression is unique． And if you block it, it will never exist through any other medium and it will be lost． The world will not have it． It is not your business to determine how good it is nor how valuable nor how it compares with other expressions． It is your business to keep it yours clearly and directly, to keep the channel open．"（1）What can be learned about de Mille's ballet named Rodeo？________A Itearned her a large fortune．B It made her rise to fame overnight．C It didn't enjoy much success．D It laid a solid foundation for her career．．（2）How did de Mille feel about the great success of the musical Oklahoma!？________A Relieved．B Ashamed．C Confused．D Proud．．（3）Picasso and Frank Lloyd Wright were mentioned in the passage to suggest that Martha Graham________．A was outstanding in visual arts and architectureB enjoyed the same popularity as themC had been influenced greatly by themD was the most influential artist in her field．（4）Which of the following statements best represents Graham's words in this passage？________A Comparing with others prevents you from maintaining uniqueness．B You should always keep yourself open to the urges that motivate you．C Your action reveals the inner landscape， which is the soul of music．D Choosing to be positive is going to determine how you live your life．（1）Compared to traditional houses， container houses are________．A easier to maintainB less expensive to buildC more comfortable to livein D more fashionable in style．（2）What can be learned about Amsterdam's Keetwonen complex？________A It is the first container city in the world．B It's equipped with modern facilities．C It features a luxury and unique style．D It includes living space and car parks．．（3）Which of the following is the best title for the poster？________A Recycled material for Ideal HomeB Shipping Container HomeChallenges C Home in a Steel Box D Housing Options and Solutions．6. On August 29th, as Hurricane Dorian tracked towards America's east coast, Elon Musk, the boss of Tesla, an electric﹣car maker, announced that some of his customers in the storm's path would find that their cars had suddenly developed the ability to drive farther on a single battery charge． Like many modern vehicles, Mr． Musk's products are best thought of as internet﹣connected computers on wheels． The cheaper models in Tesla's line﹣up have parts of their batteries disabled by the car's software in order to limit their range． At the tap of a keyboard in Palo Alto, the firm was able to remove those restrictions and give drivers temporary access to the full power of their batteries．Mr． Musk's computerized cars are just one example of a much broader trend． As computers and connectivity become cheaper, it makes sense to bake them into more and more things that are not, in themselves, computers, creating an "internet of things"．Such a world will bring many benefits． Consumers will get convenience, and products that can do things non﹣computerized versions cannot． Businesses will get efficiency, as information about the physical world that used to be uncertain becomes concrete and analyzable．In the long term, though, the most obvious effects will be in how the world works． Ever more companies will become tech companies; the internet will become everywhere． As a result, a series of unresolved arguments will spill over from the virtual world into the realone．Start with ownership． As Mr Musk showed, the internet gives firms the ability to stay connected to their products even after they have been sold, transforming them into something closer to services than goods． That has already made the traditional ideas of ownership unclear． When Microsoft closed its ebook store in July, for instance, its customers lost the ability to read titles they had bought （the firm offered refunds）． That shifts the balance of power from the customer to the seller．Virtual business models will ________ in the physical world． Tech firms are generally happy to move fast and break things． But you cannot release the beta version （测试版） of a fridge． Apple, a smartphonemaker, provides updates for its phones for only five years or so after their release; users of Android smartphones are lucky to get two． But goods such as washing machines or industrial machinery can have lifespans of a decade ormore． Firms will need to work out how to support complicated computerised devices long after their original programmers have moved on．Data will be another flashpoint． For much of the internet the business model is to offer "free" services that are paid for with valuable user data, collected with consent （同意）that is half﹣informed at best． In the virtual world, arguments about what should be tracked, and who owns the resulting data, can seem airy and theoretical． In the real one, they will feel more urgent．Predicting the consequences of any technology is hard ﹣ especially one as universal as computing． The emergence of the consumer internet, 25 years ago, was met with starry﹣eyed optimism． These days the internet's faults dominate the headlines． But the people have the advantage of having lived through the first internet revolution ﹣ which should give them some idea of what to expect．（1）From the passage we can tell that Tesla can________．A drive faster than usual in extreme weatherB adjust the range of its batterypower C charge the battery at the tap of a keyboard D operate when the battery is fully drained．（2）Which of the following is NOT an example of the "unresolved arguments" mentioned in the passage？________A Early adopters of certain apps find that they ceased to work after the firm lost interest．B The insurance company uses data from fitness trackers to adjust customers' premiums（保费）．C Computerized machinery can't predict its breakdowns or schedule preventive maintenance．D A high﹣tech fridge company restricts its customers from repairing their fridges themselves．．（3）The underlined word ________ probably means________ in this context．A boomB conflictC vanishD expand．（4）This passage is mainly about________．A how the world will change as computers spread into everyday objectsB the adoption of electric vehicles and the possible problems to expectC what should be done toprevent the breakdown of computerized devices D different views on the current application of Internet Technology．Section CDirections： Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.7. A． Creativity is associated with many factors．B． Rather， they should work to expand， grow， and exercise it．C． Without creativity， we are indistinguishable from the masses．D． However， creativity can be acquired at any age．E． It's hard to work out where exactly creativity comes from．F． Everyone has the capacity to be creative．Essential CreativityIn a recent survey in America， 62% of people said that creativity was more important to success in the workplace than they had anticipated it would be when they were in school．（1）________ It is of course possible to scan people's brains and see which parts are firing when an idea is created， but rather more romantically it can be thought of as something that cannot be identified． Creativity is what comes to you when you least expect it． You cannot demand creativity from your mind， nor can you demand that you are creative in a particular way．One misconception about creativity is that it is reserved for a few special people． This is not true．（2）________ Another misconception is that creativity is all about the arts but this simply isn't true： creativity extends to maths and science in just the way it does to music and literature．Those who see things differently to others and are confident enough to make their ideas a reality are the ones who make the greatest changes in the world． Consequently， it is incredibly important that schools do not prevent creativity．（3）________ Students should be taught to ask questions and investigate when things do not make sense． They need to learn to view mistakes as opportunities for learning rather than something that was unsuccessful．It is worrying that many schools are less concerned now with nurturing creativity when this is the most important time in history for it． It used to be that people worked hard， went to university， and got a job． That was it． But now， everyone works hard， goes to university ﹣ and there aren't the jobs out there that guarantee a safe future．（4）________ We can use it to set ourselves apart， and channel it to face the challenges of the future．IV．Summary Writing8. Directions：Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point （s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．The Decline of BiodiversityBiodiversity is the range of living things in an area． During the last 100 years， scientists have seen a great decline in biodiversity． Some studies show that one in eight plant speciesis threatened with extinction． It is estimated that 140，000 species of plants are lost each year．Most of the extinctions in the last thousand years are due to humans． The main cause is the chopping down of tropical rain forests． Most of this destruction is done to create pasture （牧场） for beef cattle． Many rainforests in Central and South America have been burnt down to make way for cattle farming， which supplies beef to the rest of the world． It is estimated that for each pound of beef produced， 200 square feet of rainforest are destroyed． The forests are also cut down to make wheat for bread as well as fruit for human consumption．The introduction of exotic （外来的） species is another threat． The latest research from the University of Southampton has revealed the impact of exotic species upon native wildlife，which could potentially lead to the extinctions of local species． When exotic species are introduced to a place， they try to establish a self﹣sustaining population． While the local species， which haven't had a chance to evolve， often lack defenses and thus cannot compete against the exotic species．The disappearance of certain food animals can be disastrous not only to larger animals but also to the entire ecosystem． It is these small creatures which convert much of the energyin an ecosystem from unusable （i．e． microscopic plants， decaying matter， etc．） into usable forms， namely their bodies． Their absence makes most energy and nutrients trapped in forms unusable to other species． This makes the environment less suitable for healthy living， and less capable of producing resources that humans need．V. TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.9. 我家门口的街道成天车水马龙．（crowd）________10. 中国女排成功卫冕世界冠军，给全国人民以极大的鼓舞．（succeed）________11. 本次"城市公共交通周"的活动旨在提高公众节能环保的意识．（aim）________12. 我实在想不通为什么大伙儿都觉得他这个人高不可攀，我印象中他挺和蔼可亲的．（strike）________VI. Guided Writing13. Directions： Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．假设你是陈芳．你的好友王敏是新华中学的学生，下个月将去英国的姐妹校交流访问．王敏想拍摄一个短片，向英国的同学和老师介绍自己的学校．她通过邮件向你征求意见．写一封回信，内容须包括：1、短片的主题以及与之匹配的主要内容；2、你选择这些内容的理由．2020年上海市徐汇区高考英语一模试卷答案1. Inspired,to come,has been translated,wassold,themselves,when,Though/Although/While,despite,because,what/whatever2. G． potential,Adistributed,K． revealed,H． specific,I． originate,Dconsume,Eharbor,Cinf ections,Babsolutely,Freliance3. BADBDADCABBDAAC4. CCDB5. BBC6. BCBA7. E,F,B,C8. Biodiversity is declining fast．（生物多样化在快速减少） One major reason is that people cut down tropical rain forests to raise cattle for beef or to grow food．【高分句型一】（一个原因） Another reason is that some local species may extinct because they cannot compete with exotic species．【高分句型二】（另一个原因） The disappearance of certain species can do great harm to the ecosystem and environment．（对生态和环境有害）9. The street in front of my house is crowded with people and vehicles all day long/all the time．10. TheChinesewomen'svolleyballteamsucceededintaking/winningtheworldchampionshipag ain，whichwasagreatinspirationtoallChinesepeople11. The campaign of the urban public transport week aims to raise public awareness of saving energy and protecting the environment/energy conservation and environmentalprotection．12. I can't understand why people all think he is out of reach/inaccessible， because he strikes me as a very approachable and kind/amiable person．13. Dear Wangmin，I know that you will go to English to visit your brother school． You want to make a short film to introduce your school to your English classmates and teachers． I think you can tell them something about our activities at school after class．【高分句型一】We have one hour of activities from 4：20 to 5：20 in the afternoon． Some students read books in the reading ﹣ room； some have sports on the playground； some sing songs in the theatre hall． Some learn to operate computers in the lab and others take part in their group work about different subjects． The majority are most interested in sports and computers．（短片的主题以及与之匹配的主要内容）I believe they will be interested in what you show them， and want to visit our school．【高分句型二】We are also looking forward to more visits．（你选择这些内容的理由）Yours，Chen Fang。

上海市杨浦区2020-2022届（三年）高三一模英语试题分类汇编六选四上海市杨浦区2022届高三一模英语试卷Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Spotlight EffectHave you ever felt as if the entire world w as watching while you made a mistake? Well, here’s some good news: it’s likely that no one even noticed.The spotlight effect is a trick of the mind that makes us believe that people notice us more often than they really do. ____67____ Every time we do something that is a little different from what we usually do, we may assume that everyone around us will notice. The spotlight effect might happen when we make a mistake in a game, have a bad hair day, or give a terrible answer in class. It can also appear when we score a big goal, ask someone on a date, or do a good deed. In these moments, it feels like everyone is watching.The spotlight effect exists because we all get used to seeing things through our own eyes. Every person is the main character in his or her story, and the events of our lives seem to have great importance. ____68____The spotlight effect is a very common part of the human experience. However, in some cases, it can lead to extreme social anxiety and nervousness around other people. Everyone suffers some degree of social anxiety. We all care about what others think, and we all want to be liked.____69____ However, this can be a problem when the anxiety is too much to handle. If someone is so nervous that they can’t make good decisions, then it’s time to take action and improve the situation.____70____ Next time you feel like everyone is staring at you, remind yourself that it’s just your mind playing tricks on you. Another good exercise is to make an effort to notice the people around you, rather than focusing on yourself. If you fill your mind with thoughts of your friends and family, it will help you be less self-conscious.A. It’s normal to wonder about what effect we have on other people.B. That’s why fewer people notice the embarrassing circumstances they encounter.C. Learning about the spotlight effect is important because it can help us reduce our anxiety.D. We experience the spotlight effect not only when we make mistakes but also when we perform well.E. People overestimate the extent to which their actions and appearance are noted by others, aphenomenon known as the spotlight effect.F. We are so busy examining ourselves that we actually observe very little about everyone around us.上海市杨浦区2021届高三一模英语试卷A. In theory, the longer break will allow your brain to relax, reset, and get ready for the next round of Pomodoros.B. Without a good system in place, it is easy to lose focus, waste time, and lose track of our most important tasks.C. While you are working, block out all unnecessary distractions.D. It uses a timer to break down your work into 25-minute blocks separated by short breaks.E. If you’re managing a team, have everyone start the Pomodoro at the same time, and do breaks at the same time.F. It can be something big, s omething small, or something that you’ve been putting off for months.In work, as well as in life, doing what needs to be done in order to reach our goals can be difficult. (67) ____________________ Luckily, one of the most efficient and most popular time management techniques is also one of the world’s simplest — the Pomodoro Technique.The Pomodoro Technique was developed by Francesco Cirillo in the late 1980s. (68) ____________________ Each block is known as a p omodoro, the Italian word for “tomato.” Cirillo named the system after the tomato-shaped kitchen timer that he used to track his work time when he was studying as a university student. He developed a habit of doing short blocks of work followed by resting periods. He realized this method could help him work with time instead of struggling against it.In 2006, Cirillo published his Pomodoro Technique manual for people to download free of charge. The Pomodoro technique can be applied in almost all parts of our life. It was built around a handful of important steps. First, choose a task that you’d like to get done. (69) ____________________What matters is that you are ready to give it your full attention.Next, set a timer for 25 minutes. Try to spend the full 25 minutes with your complete attention on the task. Then, when the timer goes off, take a five-minute break. Sit back, have a drink, go for a short walk, or do something else that is not work-related. Once you have completed four of these 30-minute cycles, treat yourself to a longer break that lasts 15 to 30 minutes. (70) ____________________After trying the Pomodoro Technique, you may want to experiment a little. Some people have found that 90-minute blocks work best, while others might perform better with more flexible periods. It varies from person to person. Just remember, like many things in life, simpler is often better!上海市杨浦区2020届高三一模英语试卷A.Those with a slower pace also scored less well in physical exercises such as hand-gripstrength and biological markers of good health.B.There are already signs in early life of who would become the slowest walkers.C.In fact, based on a new series of experiments, they now believe the slower a person’stendency to walk, the less able their brain.D.Brain scanning during their final assessment at 45 showed the slower walkers tended to havelower total brain volume and less brain surface area.E.Until now, however, no one knew it could signify underlying brain health so much earlier inlife.F.Researchers performed walking speed analysis on hundreds of middle-aged people,comparing their psychological results.Slower Walkers Have Slower Minds, Scientists RevealOf all human activities, few are so readily credited with enhancing the power of the mind as going for a good walk. However, those who assume that strolling along at a gentle pace is the symbol of superior intellect should think again, scientists have said. __________67_________ Doctors have long used walking speed to gain a quick and reliable understanding of older people’s mental capability, as it is increasingly recognized that pace is associated with not only muscular strength but also the central nervous system. __________68_________The relationship was so obvious, however, that the US scientists now say walking tests could be used to provide an early indication of dementia（痴呆）.Published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, the study revealed an average difference of 16 IQ points between the slowest and the fastest walkers at the age of 45. This reflected both the participants’ natural walking speed and the pace they achieved when asked to walk as fast as they could. __________69_________ Actually, slower walkers were shown to have “speeded aging” on a 19-measure scale devised by researchers, and their lungs, teeth and immune systems tended to be in worse shape than the people who walked faster.The 904 New Zealand men and women who were tested at 45 were tracked from the age of three, each undergoing multiple tests over the years. The long-term data collection enabled researchers to establish that kids with lower IQ scores, lower linguistic ability and weaker emotional control tended to have slower walking speeds by middle age.__________70__________.The research team said genetic factors may explain the link between walking speed, brain capacity and physical health or that better brain health might promote physical activity, leading to better walking speed. Some of the differences in health and intellect may be the result of lifestyle choices individuals have made.答案：上海市杨浦区2022届高三一模英语试卷【答案】67. D 68. F 69. A 70. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是聚光灯效应。

06-2020年上海市高三英语一模真题专项训练之六选四2020长宁金山一模Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Most of us think we have very little time, but the truth is we actually have a lot - on average, five hours 49 minutes each day, which means we typically have somewhere between 36 and 40 hours available to be spent every week however we want. So why don’t we feel time - rich? ______67______One is that we earn more, so time feels more expensive. Then there’s the way we’ve come to see busyness as a status symbol: important people are busy, so we want to be busy, too. Add to that the flood of incoming emails and texts, along with the endless ocean of possibilities, and it’s easy to see where time goes.A second factor is the comparison we make between what we can do and what others are doing, making us anxious. _____68______ This fools us into thinking we’re being more productive with our work time, so we try to do it with our leisure time, too. W hen we’re playing with out kids, we check Facebook. When we’re hanging out with one group of friends, we post pictures to show another. This is something sociologists call ‘polluted time’.We’re also addicted to our devices. In 2007, the amount of leisure time we spent on devices like smart-phones could be measured in minutes. Now, we spend on average 3.5 hours a day online. _____69_____You might be wondering why you need help deciding how to spend your free time -- after all you know the sort of things you enjoy, so what could be so difficult? Psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi has a surprising opinion on it. “The popular assumption is that no skills are involved in enjoying free time, anybody can do it. Yet the evidence suggests the opposite; free time is more difficult to enjoy than work.” Worryingly, scientists have found that people are often no happier after a holiday than if they’d never taken one. _____70_____ The question still remains unsettled.67-70 EABD2020奉贤一模Directions: After reading the passage below, choose the best answers from the six statements according to what you have just read.A fresh lemon can be purchased for less than $1. But in 2008, Cowan's Auctions in Cincinnati sold a lemon blackened with age for $2,350.What was so special about this lemon? 67 According to a handwritten note in ink attached to a partly sealed bottle containing the lemon, the fruit was picked in May 1842 by Washington's "old gardener" some 43 years after the first president's deathTwo thousand dollars is a lot to pay for produce, even from the estate of a founding father. This sale, however, just might be considered a bargain compared with prices paid for other historical collectibles in recent years. 68Collecting a piece of history, or an object associated with a famous person, is not brand new. Ordinary objects with extraordinary stories have increasingly been coming to auction and achieving high prices, says Thomas Venning, director of Christie's department of books and manuscripts in London. Prices are being driven up, he says, by collectors in the U.S. and, increasingly, in Asia. The Hawking wheelchair, for example, was purchased by a private museum in China.69 For one thing, their history of ownership is both crucial and sometimes difficult to prove. Photographs of the famous person with the object, as well as documentation (such as letters, diaries or recollections by acquaintances referring to the object) can also help.70 To evaluate the value of a Picasso painting, one can look at recent prices paid for other Picasso paintings of the same period, similar size or style. Finding another recent sale of a lemon planted by George Washington is a different matter.Katie Horstman, head of Cowan's American History department, says she could find no comparable items for the lemon as she prepared the piece for its auction. Ms. Horstman nevertheless eventually arrived at the estimated value at $3,000 to $4,000, she says, by researching auction records for objects somehow associated with Washington that had appeared on the market.Cowans ended up estimating the value of the lemon at $3,000 to $4,000, according to description on its website. Objects associated with Washington these days, Ms. Horstman says, can sell for anywhere from 1,000 up to tens of thousands of dollars.67-70 CABE2020虹口一模Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Is Multitasking Always Good?Not only do smart-phones provide unrestricted access to information, they provide perfect opportunities to multitask. Any activity can be accompanied by music, selfies or social media updates. Of course, some people pick poor times to tweet or text, and lawmakers have steeped in. __67__ In Honolulu, it’s illegal to text or even look at your phone while crossing the street, and in the Netherlands they’ve banned texting while biking.__68__ You need to self-regulate. Understanding how the brain multitasks and why we find multitasking so appealing will help you realize the danger or pulling out your phone.Multitasking feels like doing two things at the same time, so it seems the danger lies in asking one mental process to do two unrelated things -- for texting drivers, watching the screen and the road.Twenty states have instituted bans on driving using a hand - held phone while still allowing hands - free calls. Yet hands - free or hand - held makes no difference. __69__ The real problem is the switch of attention between the conversation and road, and that affects performance.Please sense this, and when on the phone they drive slower and increase their following distance, but they are far too confident that these measures reduce risks. This overconfidence extends to other activities. A 2015 survey showed that a majority of students who use social media, text or watch TV while studying think that they can still comprehend the material they’re studying.People don’t multitask merely because they see no harm in it; they see benefits. ___70___ Most people will still choose to multitask. But they should, at the very least , be fully aware of how that choice affects them and the potential consequences for themselves and others. They need to pay attention to how much -- or how little -- they are paying attention.67 - 70 CAEB2020宝山一模Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.Whether you’re on social media or sending a text message, you encounter emoji (表情符号)regularly. _____67______. While most people’s enthusiasm for emoji increased in the smart-phone era, Japan has been crazy for emoji since 1999. Designer Shigetaka Kurita invented emoji for a Japanese phone company 20 years ago as a way to make it easier to express ideas in a short message. The word emoji can be translated as “picture character” from Japanese. After the release of Kurita’s emoji, rival phone companies in Japan begancreating their ow n emoji. Many emoji on our digital devices today are imported from Kurita’s original set of emoji.Japan’s love for emoji continued well into the 2000s before the rest of the world discovered them. Apple Inc. officially introduced an emoji function in their software in 2011. Soon, other phone companies from around the world made it easier for their customers to use emoji ______68________.As you scroll (滑动）through your phone, you can see the wide selection of available emoji. More than 2,000 emoji are in existence now, with more being released each year. These numbers show the popularity and demand for emoji.Why? Because words alone can’t convey the complete meaning of a digital message. In digital communication, emoji express a tone or mood. More than 90 percent of people online use emoji especially ones that show emotion like hearts and smileys._______69_______. For example, they might send a red heart emoji as a response that they really like something instead of writing, “I love that.”Some emoji are also abstract enough for people to use in any way they like. You can send an emoji as an inside joke, which is only understood between you and your friend._______70______. Nor do they belong to a specific culture. You and I give emoji meaning, because emoji is a language that belongs to all of us.67-70 ADBF2020崇明一模Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Growing Food from Air in NigeriaA group of farmers in Nigeria is using a technology-based method to grow crops from mist (水汽) in the air. The method, known as aeroponics, does not involve soil. Instead, plant roots hang in the air. The roots take in nutrients from a watery mist.Aeroponics is not well-known in Nigeria, but farmers there are working to make the technique more popular. ______67______Biochemist Samson Ogbole is popularly known as Nigeria's smart farmer. He and his team are growing crops without soil at the technology-based farm they started three years ago ill Abeokuta. Ogbole says they are on a campaign to end seasonal food scarcity in Nigeria. "Because we are the ones controlling everything that the plant requires, we are not depending on seasons. So it’s no longer seasonal farming. It is just f arming anytime of the year，meaning we can plant anytime of the year, and we can harvest anytime of the year.”________68_______ It required financing of more than $180,000. And some people in Abeokuta were very much against this non-traditional method of farming. It took a lot of effort to change peopled minds about aeroponics.Tn Nigeria, about 30 million hectares of farmland is being used, instead of the 78.5 million hectares required for food security. In the north, only 49 percent of the land is fertile, a situation that worries traditional farmers. ________69_________ Nutrients for the plants are controlled by a recycling system, greatly increasing productivity.Philip Ojo is director general of Nigeria's National Agricultural Seeds Council. He says the government welcomes new farming methods. Ojo noted that with aeroponics, farmers can quickly increase planting materials. So, his group strongly supports the technology.The agricultural industry represents about 40 percent of Nigeria’s economy._______70________ For now, most farmers lack the technical knowledge to increase productivity. They also need access to high-quality seeds to guarantee better harvests. Technologically skilled farmers like Samson Ogbole are offering a new way forward.67-70 FADB2020黄浦一模Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Transport has always shaped cities. In Medieval times crossroads gave birth to blooming market towns. Many North American cities were created for the car. But how are the cities of today being shaped by a need for more sustainable transport?Many local governments are speeding up change through policy initiatives such as joined transport, congestion charges and low emission zones, sustainable gaining and life-cycle costing, and opening data up to companies and academics. And these city level policies can move markets in more sustainable directions. ___67___ This ha resulted in five vehiclemanufacturers committing to meeting that deadline, which is both in their own commercial interests and good for the environment.The least dense cities, for example, Houston, have per capita（人均价）carbon emissions nearly ten times higher than the densest, such as Singapore. ___68___ This involves gathering mixed use developments around a key transport center, as with the KL Central area in Kuala Lumpur, built around the largest railway station in Southeast Asia.___69___ Others are using motivations and behavioural change to encourage people to choose more efficient -- and often healthier -- forms of transport. Copenhagen has a number of progressive cycling policies including the Green Wave, which allows people cycling at20km /h to hit all green lights during rush hour.Light weighing and new engine and fuel technologies are helping to make existing road and rail vehicles more efficient. ___70___ The main options are hydrogen fuel cells, fossil fuel hybrids, and electric vehicles, and the best solution may well vary from city to city.67-70 DEFB2020嘉定一模Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Fifty-four percent of South Africans are hungry or at risk of hunger. Hunger affects people’s health, as well as their ability to live full and productive lives because the rights to dignity, health and education are affected by hunger._____67_____ There are significant race, class and gender differences. For example, black South Africans are 22 times more likely to be food insecure compared with white South Africans. Food insecurity is defined as not having physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.This unequal distribution indicates a situation of severe food injustice in South Africa. Yet from the research with urban farmers it’s clear that people do not know of the right to food, and don’t see unequal access to nutritious food as an injustice. _____68______ While there are frequent protests around access to jobs, education, housing, water and electricity, we rarely, if ever, see protests about access to food.One of the drivers of unequal access to food is the way in which the industrial food system works. For example, a few large companies dominate each aspect of the food value chain._____69_____ Because the large companies dominate the supply chain, they are able to maximize profits at the expense of small - scale producers, to whom they pay very low prices._____70______ It needs to ensure that marginalized producers, processors and retailers have an opportunity to earn a decent living. At the same time corporate dominance needs to be addressed.Anyway, at the most basic level, it requires that South Africans know they have a right to food in the first place.67-70 EADB2020静安一模Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Search for a Human Face for RobotsLooking for a $130,000 payday? Geomiq, a British engineering and manufacturing firm is searching for a “kind and friendly” face to be the face of a robot once it goes into production. “This will entail (需要) the selected person’s face being reproduced on po tentially thousands of versions of the robots worldwide,” Geomiq says in a blog post about the project.Robots have been at the forefront of technology for decades, and are widely considered the future of our technological advancement. With the number of adults over 85 expected to triple by 2050, according to some estimates, robots designed to keep the elderly company are becoming increasingly common.(67) ___________ They do things like responding to voice commands, offering proactive (积极主动的) notifications and advice and letting relatives monitor conditions at home. There is still a long way to go but new robotic products are coming into fruition all the time. Geomiq says the robot line has been in the works for five years and will result in a companion for seniors.The designer has noted in an interview with a select press pool that they can’t release too many details at this stage. (68) _____________The designer has also stressed that unsuccessful candidates will not be contacted. The company says the need for anonymity (匿名) is due to the secretive nature of the project. However, it believes the robot will soon be “readily available” to the public and hopes the campaign will create extra buzz ahead of its eventual release. “We know that this is an extremely unique request, and signing over the licenses to your face is potentially an extremely big decision,” Geomiq said.(69) __________ The designer has said that the project has been in development for five years, and in that time frame taken on investment from some independent venture capitals as well as a top fund based in Shanghai. The company says the robots’ purpose will be to act as a “virtual friend” for elderly people and is set to go into production next year.The blog post doesn’t share age or gender parameters (参数). (70) ___________ Candidates who make it to the next phase will get full details on the project. “The secrecy, ” Geomiq says, “is due to a non-disclosure agreement it’s signed with the robot’s designer and investors.”67-70 DFEB2020闵行一模Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “Should I jump?” This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin. ______67______ Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.______68_______ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your descries, etc. Only then should you set your goals.You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. ______69_______ So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity of thoughts can help you move forward.Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. They can change according to circumstances. They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough. ______70______ You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.67-70 EBAC2020浦东一模Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Ban on Trading Ivory(象牙) is Unfair but NecessaryAs in some countries elephant population have recovered, there are competing proposals about how absolute the ban on elephant trading should be. Countries seeking a modest relaxation have a strong case to make. But it is not strong enough. The ban must stay.Understandably, countries that have done a good job protecting their elephants feel this is unfair. 67. And the real burden of all this is borne by poor local people who are in competition with wildlife for resources, and sometimes in conflict with it—elephants can be destructive. People and governments, so the argument goes, need to have an economic stake(利害关系) in the elephants’ survival. The ivory trade would give them one.To understand why these reasonable-sounding proposals should be rejected, consider whathas happened to elephant numbers since some legal trade was authorised, when Botswana, Namibia and South Africa were allowed in 2007 to sell a fixed amount of ivory to Japan.68. A survey conducted in 2014-15 estimated that elephant numbers had fallen by 30% across 18 countries since 2007.69. In better-resourced national parks, drones are used to make it easier for park keepers to spot illegal hunters. DNA testing of ivory can identify where they came from, and thus whether they are legal. As prices of the technologies fall and countriesget richer, both technologies are likely to spread.The objection to trade in products of endangered species is not moral. When the world is confident that it will boost elephant numbers rather than wipe them out, the ivory trade shouldbe encouraged. 70. And until it does, the best hope for the elephant—and even more endangered species, such as rhinos(犀牛)—lies not in easing the ban on trading their products, but in enforcing it better.67-70 DBEA2020普陀一模Directions:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.After becoming president of Purdue University in 2013, Mitch Daniels asked the teaching staff to prove that their students have actually achie ved one of higher education’s most important goals: critical thinking skills. ___67___ Mr. Daniels needed to justify the high cost of attending Purdue to its students and their families. After all, the percentage of Americans who say a college degree is “very important” has fallen dramatically in the last 5-6 years.Purdue now has a pilot test to assess students’ critical thinking skills. ____68____ However, they need not worry so much. The results of a recent experiment showed that professors could use standard grading scale to measure how well students did in three key areas: critical thinking, written communication and language literacy.___ 69____ The organizers of the experiment concluded that far fewer students were achieving at high levels on critical thinking than they were doing for written communication or language literacy. And that conclusion is based only on students nearing graduation.American universities, despite their global reputation for excellence in teaching, have only begun to demonstrate what they can produce in real-world learning. Knowledge-based degrees are still important, but employers are demanding advanced thinking skills from college graduates. ____70____67-70 BECA2020青浦一模Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Vitamin D3 Improve Heart FunctionA daily dose of vitamin D3 improves heart function in people with heart failure, a five-year University of Leeds research project has found.Dr. Klaus Witte, from the School of Medicine and Consultant Cardiologist at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, led the study. He said: “This is a significant breakthrough for patients. It is the first evidence that vitamin D3 can improve heart function of people with heart muscle weakness –known as heart failure.” __67__Vitamin D3 can be boosted by exposure to sunlight, but heart failure patients are often deficient in it even during the summer because older people make less vitamin D3 in responseto sunlight than younger people. Vitamin D3 production in the skin is also reduced by sunscreen.The study, which was funded by the Medical Research Council, involved more than 160 patients from Leeds who were already being treated for their heart failure using proven treatments including beta — blockers, ACE-inhibitors and pacemakers. __68__ Those patients who took vitamin D3 experienced an improvement in heart function which was not seen in those who took a placebo.__69__ Heart specialists measure heart function by taking an ultrasound scan of the heart and measuring how much blood pumps from the heart with each heartbeat, known as ejection fraction. The ejection fraction of a healthy person is usually between 60% and 70%.In heart failure patients, the ejection fraction is often significantly impaired — in the patients enrolled into the study the average ejection fraction was 26%.In the 80 patients who took Vitamin D3, the heart’s pumping function improved from 26% to 34%. __70__ This means that for some heart disease patients, taking vitamin D3 regularly may lessen the need for them to be fitted with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), a device which detects dangerous irregular heart rhythms and can shock the heart to restore a normal rhythm.67-70 F D B C2020松江一模Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can he used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.When he rolls into a gas station to fill his tank, Barkhad Dahir doesn't get out of his car. He pushes a few buttons on his cellphone and within seconds he has paid for the fuel. With the same quick pushes on his phone he pays for almost everything he needs.Electronic payments offer consumers convenience, provide profits for banks, credit card companies and payment processors and offer merchants improved cash flow and convenience. "I haven't seen cash for a long time. Almost every merchant even hawker（小贩）on the street accepts payment by cellphone. 67. ________________ " says Adan Abokora, a democracy activist.Purchases are made by dialing a three-digit number, entering a four-digit PIN and then entering the retailer's payment number and the amount of money. Both customers and merchants receive text messages to confirm the payment. 68.________________ For instance, the printing and handling of money is expensive. Cash payments can be anonymous（匿名的）and it is hard to track criminal activities conducted in secret. Many governments favor reducing cash dealings in order to better monitor and understand the activities of their citizens. The Swedish government has been discussing the removing of cash since 2010.69. ________________ Do they choose to rob? Do they sit at home and wait? What happens to people who rely on their cellphones to process money dealings when cell service and the Internet are interrupted? A world affected by terrorism and increasingly violent weather may not yet be ready to abandon currency."Other people tear that electronic payments may create security risks and enable dealings to be tracked and reported. 70. ________________ New technologies which balance and address these factors may enable people to remove cash.67 -70 ADEF2020徐汇一模Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Essential CreativityIn a recent survey in America, 62% of people said that creativity was more important to success in the workplace than they had anticipated it would be when they were in school.(67) __________ It is of course possible to scan people's brains and see which parts are firing when an idea is created, but rather more romantically it can be thought of as something that cannot be identified. Creativity is what comes to you when you least expect it. You cannot demand creativity from your mind, nor can you demand that you are creative in a particular way.One misconception about creativity is that it is reserved for a few special people. This is not true. (68) _______ Another misconception is that creativity is all about the arts but this simply isn't true: creativity extends to maths and science in just the way it does to music and literature.Those who see things differently to others and are confident enough to make their ideas a reality are the ones who make the greatest changes in the world. Consequently, it is incredibly important that schools do not prevent creativity. (69) ________ Students should be taughtto ask questions and investigate when things do not make sense. They need to learn to view mistakes as opportunities for learning rather than something that was unsuccessful.。

2020年上海各区高三英语一模汇编—六选四（含答案）（精校版）One【虹口区】Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Is Multitasking Always Good?Not only do smartphones provide unrestricted access to information, they provide perfect opportunities to multitask. Any activity can be accompanied by music, selfies or social media updates. Of course, some people pick poor times to tweet or text, and lawmakers have stepped in. (67)________ In Honolulu, it's illegal to text or even look at your phone while crossing the street, and in the Netherlands they've banned texting while biking.(68)________ You need to self-regulate. Understanding how the brain multitasks and why we find multitasking so appealing will help you realize the danger of pulling out your phone.Multitasking feels like doing two things at the same time, so it seems the danger lies in asking one mental process to do two unrelated things— for texting drivers, watching the screen and the road.Twenty states have instituted bans on driving using a hand-held phone while still allowing hands-free calls. Yet hands-free or hand-held makes no difference. (69)________ The real problem is the switch of attention between the conversation and the road, and that affects performance.People sense this, and when on the phone they drive slower and increase their following distance, but they are far too confident that these measures reduce risks. This overconfidence extends to other activities.A 2015 survey showed that a majority of students who use social media, text or watch TV while studyingthink that they can still comprehend the material they're studying.People don't multitask merely because they see no harm in it; they see benefits. (70)_________ Most people will still choose to multitask. But they should, at the very least, be fully aware of how that choice affects them and the potential consequences for themselves and others They need to pay attention to how much— or how little—they are paying attention.【答案】67C, 68A, 69E, 70B【解析】67.空格前后两句都是在讲开车时用手机的事情，所以选择C选项，在这里用手机是被禁止的68. 从空格后面说你需要自我管理来看，前面是在说法律有些东西是管不了的69. E选项中的代词they代指前面的hands-free or hand-held70. 前面说人们看到这件事情的好处，所以空格这里应该介绍具体的好处，所以是BTwo【黄浦区】Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Sustainable Transport in CitiesTransport has always shaped cities. In Medieval times crossroads gave birth to blooming market towns. Many North American cities were created for the car. But how are the cities of today being shaped by a need for more sustainable transport?Many local governments are speeding up change through policy initiatives such as joined transport, congestion charges and low emission zones, sustainable gaining and lifecycle costing, and opening data upto companies and academics. And these city level policies can move markets in more sustainable directions. ___67___ This has resulted in five vehicle manufacturers committing to meeting that deadline, which is both in their own commercial interests and good for the environment.The least dense cities, for example, Houston, have per capita(人均的) carbon emissions nearly ten times higher than the densest, such as Singapore. ___68___ This involves gathering mixed use developments around a key transport center, as with the KL Central area in Kuala Lumpur, built around the largest railway station in Southeast Asia.___69___ Others are using motivations and behavioural change to encourage people to choose more efficient―and often healthier―forms of transport. Copenhagen has a number of progressive cycling policies including the Green Wave, which allows people cycling at 20km/h to hit all green lights during rush hour.Light weighting and new engine and fuel technologies are helping to make existing road and rail vehicles more efficient. ___70___ The main options are hydrogen fuel cells, fossil fuel hybrids, and electric vehicles, and the best solution may well vary from city to city.【答案】67D, 68E, 69F, 70B【解析】67.抓住空格后This has resulted in five vehicle manufacturers committing to meeting that deadline中的that deadline，选入的选项中应该有表示最后期限的信息。

2020年上海各区高三英语一模汇编--翻译(含答案)(精校版)ns: XXX into English。

using the words given in the brackets.72.他们决定不再继续这个项目，因为它已经走向失败。

(decide)73.这个城市的历史可以追溯到2000多年前。

(trace)74.这个计划需要更多的时间和人力资源来完成。

(require)75.我们应该在工作中保持专注，以免出现错误。

(prevent)答案】72.They decided to abandon the project as it was heading towards failure.73.The history of this city can be traced back more than 2000 years.74.This plan requires more time and XXX.75.We should stay focused at work to XXX.72.Why not have a cup of coffee to perk up?73.As New Year's Day approaches each year。

people often XXX.72.In some places。

XXX.73.Global warming has left XXX.74.I have XXX.75.XXX.74.The aim of the "Urban Public XXX" event is to raise public awareness of XXX.75.I really XXX。

he is quite friendly and amiable.ns: XXX.XXX over the past few years。

(steady)XXX(implement)78.The teacher gave us a lot of homework。

2020年上海各区高三英语一模汇编—六选四（含答案）（精校版）One【虹口区】Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Is Multitasking Always Good?Not only do smartphones provide unrestricted access to information, they provide perfect opportunities to multitask. Any activity can be accompanied by music, selfies or social media updates. Of course, some people pick poor times to tweet or text, and lawmakers have stepped in. (67)________ In Honolulu, it's illegal to text or even look at your phone while crossing the street, and in the Netherlands they've banned texting while biking.(68)________ You need to self-regulate. Understanding how the brain multitasks and why we find multitasking so appealing will help you realize the danger of pulling out your phone.Multitasking feels like doing two things at the same time, so it seems the danger lies in asking one mental process to do two unrelated things— for texting drivers, watching the screen and the road.Twenty states have instituted bans on driving using a hand-held phone while still allowing hands-free calls. Yet hands-free or hand-held makes no difference. (69)________ The real problem is the switch of attention between the conversation and the road, and that affects performance.People sense this, and when on the phone they drive slower and increase their following distance, but they are far too confident that these measures reduce risks. This overconfidence extends to other activities.A 2015 survey showed that a majority of students who use social media, text or watch TV while studyingthink that they can still comprehend the material they're studying.People don't multitask merely because they see no harm in it; they see benefits. (70)_________ Most people will still choose to multitask. But they should, at the very least, be fully aware of how that choice affects them and the potential consequences for themselves and others They need to pay attention to how much— or how little—they are paying attention.【答案】67C, 68A, 69E, 70B【解析】67.空格前后两句都是在讲开车时用手机的事情，所以选择C选项，在这里用手机是被禁止的68. 从空格后面说你需要自我管理来看，前面是在说法律有些东西是管不了的69. E选项中的代词they代指前面的hands-free or hand-held70. 前面说人们看到这件事情的好处，所以空格这里应该介绍具体的好处，所以是BTwo【黄浦区】Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Sustainable Transport in CitiesTransport has always shaped cities. In Medieval times crossroads gave birth to blooming market towns. Many North American cities were created for the car. But how are the cities of today being shaped by a need for more sustainable transport?Many local governments are speeding up change through policy initiatives such as joined transport, congestion charges and low emission zones, sustainable gaining and lifecycle costing, and opening data upto companies and academics. And these city level policies can move markets in more sustainable directions. ___67___ This has resulted in five vehicle manufacturers committing to meeting that deadline, which is both in their own commercial interests and good for the environment.The least dense cities, for example, Houston, have per capita(人均的) carbon emissions nearly ten times higher than the densest, such as Singapore. ___68___ This involves gathering mixed use developments around a key transport center, as with the KL Central area in Kuala Lumpur, built around the largest railway station in Southeast Asia.___69___ Others are using motivations and behavioural change to encourage people to choose more efficient―and often healthier―forms of transport. Copenhagen has a number of progressive cycling policies including the Green Wave, which allows people cycling at 20km/h to hit all green lights during rush hour.Light weighting and new engine and fuel technologies are helping to make existing road and rail vehicles more efficient. ___70___ The main options are hydrogen fuel cells, fossil fuel hybrids, and electric vehicles, and the best solution may well vary from city to city.【答案】67D, 68E, 69F, 70B【解析】67.抓住空格后This has resulted in five vehicle manufacturers committing to meeting that deadline中的that deadline，选入的选项中应该有表示最后期限的信息。

2020年一模6选4徐汇p56青浦区p47杨浦p27普陀p15闵行p6【答案分析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面，一定要好好把握．【解答】1．G．推理判断题．根据后文Like the child on the diving board，you will stay undecided就像跳板上的孩子一样，你会犹豫不决．可知没有动力，你既不能设定目标，也不能达到目标；故选G．2．B．推理判断题．根据后文More than that，how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal？更重要的是，你应该如何保持动力来实现这个目标呢？可知那么，你应该如何激励自己呢；故选B．3．A．推理判断题．根据前文This is quite important，because it is directly related to your commitment．There are times when your heart is not in your work这是非常重要的，因为它与你的承诺直接相关．有时你的心不在你的工作中．可知这会影响你的工作；故选A．4．E．推理判断题．根据后文They also need to be measurable．You must keep these points in mind while setti ng your goals它们也需要是可测量的．在设定你的目标时，你必须记住这些要点．可知它们可以根据情况而改变；故选E．5．C．推理判断题．根据后文You should reassess your goals，and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal你应该重新评估你的目标，并激励自己设定一个新的目标．可知然而，这不应使你气馁；故选C．嘉定p82静安p21崇明p72本文主要讲述了尼日利亚用空气种植食物．【解答】1．F细节理解题．根据前句Aeroponics is not well-known in Nigeria，but farmers there are working to make the technique more popular．航空疗法在尼日利亚并不出名，但那里的农民正在努力使这项技术更受欢迎．可知后面应该是在大量土地无法修复的地方，这可能会有很大的不同．故选F．2．A归纳总结题．根据后面It required financing of more than＄180，000．And some people in Abeokuta were very much against this non-traditional method of farming．It took a lot of effort to change peopled minds about aeropon ics．它需要超过18万美元的资金，而阿贝奥库塔的一些人非常反对这种非传统的耕作方法，要改变人们对航空疗法的看法需要付出很大的努力．可知此处是本段归纳总结句，但是建立航空农场并不容易．故选A．3．D承上启下题．根据前后句In the north，only49percent of the land is fertile，a situation that worries traditi onal farmers．（3）…Nutrients for the plants are controlled by a recycling system，greatly increasing productivity．在北方，只有49%的土地是肥沃的，这种情况令传统农民担忧．植物的养分由循环系统控制，大大提高了生产力．可知然而，航空航天并不需要传统的农业劳动或大量的土地．故选D．4．B归纳总结题．根据后句For now，most farmers lack the technical knowledge to increase productivity．目前，大多数农民缺乏提高生产力的技术知识．可知前句政府希望大幅提高这一比例．故选B．奉贤p89。