英汉翻译教程 第四章 翻译的技巧
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第四章汉译英常用方法和技巧(教学安排:8课时)与词有关的翻译方法包括:✓直译和意译✓词义的选择✓词的增补与省略✓词类转义法✓重复法✓正说反译法和反说正译法✓分句法和合句法第一节直译和意译首先应当指出,直译不是死译,而是指基本保留原有句子结构,照字面意思翻译。
意译也不是胡译、乱译,而是在不损害原文内容和精神的前提下,为了表达的需要,对原文作相应的调整。
例1原文:我们的朋友遍天下。
直译:Our friends are all over the world.意译:We have friends all over the world.直译以严格意义上的忠实为宗旨,意译则更多考虑英语的特点,更强调译文的效果,不求形式对应,只求语言在深层次中的对应。
总之,选择直译还是意译,应该根据文章具体需要而定,两种译法可以并用。
✧能直译则直译例2原文:爱是耐心和善良;爱不是妒忌和吹嘘;爱不是傲慢和粗鲁。
译文:love is patience and kindness; love is not jealous and boast; love is not arrogance and rudeness.例3原文:进入21世纪,麦当劳团体的对手们又集合到一面共同的旗帜之下——反对全球化。
译文:On stepping into the 21st century, the McDonalds’ groups have again assembled under the same flag——anti-globalization.Upon entering opponents banner rafilled例4原文:电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特,前者是电流单位,后者是电压单位。
译文:the unit of current the one of voltage例5原文:俗话说:“千里搭凉棚,没有不散的筵席”。
再过两三年,咱们都要离开这里的。
Chapter 4翻译的基本技巧1.增译法1.1增量词(名量词和动量词)1)To the east a faint pink is spreading.一抹浅红正向东方扩展。
2)I was extremely worried about her, but this was neither the place nor the time for a lecture or an argument.我真替她万分担忧,但此时次地既不不宜教训她一番,也不宜与她争论一通。
1.2.汉语中名词复数的增补1)The lion is the king of animals.百/万兽之王。
2)Fogs hid the mountain peaks.层层薄/云雾遮蔽了重重峰峦。
3)Reports of new successes keep pouring in.捷报频传。
4)Disappearances occurred with apparently increasing frequency…失踪事件/接连不断接二连三地发生,显然越来越频繁5)As soon as winter was over and the primroses began to bloom.冬天一过,迎春花竟相/便朵朵开放。
6)She warmly welcomed her guests in and brought them a cup of tea.她热情地将客人们迎了进来,然后给他们各/每人/一一端一杯水。
7)what you have been looking for, my friend, is the chance to throw yourself into the world of UniversitySocieties, and discover the huge range of activities .我的朋友,你一直在寻找的就是将你自己投身到大学社团中的机会,去发现丰富多彩的、各种各种的活动。
第4章Unit 4 Economy1. 经济文章选篇。
其特点是:着重说明经济形势,提出主张和建议,以大量数据说明问题。
所用语言视场合而定,文件的语言正式而精练,演讲的语言则要比较易于上口。
2. 语言对比:(1)经济术语。
经济领域有大量的专门术语。
如:two way trade双向贸易l ucrative export markets 获利的出口市场foreign exchange 外汇commercial opportunities商业机会export opportunities 出口机会potential exports潜在市场(2)有些普通词语在经济文章中有特殊含义。
经济术语有特殊的用法和搭配。
例1)The result, I believe, is that we have built the beginnings of a sound foundation for future commercial and financial ties.我相信我们已经为今后贸易与金融关系初步打下了坚实的基础。
例2)There are more than 20 joint ventures between the US and Chinese investors.现在有20多家中美合资企业。
(3)数字及有关的术语和量词。
数字很容易出错,因此要特别仔细核对。
和数字有关的动词、介词、形容词、副词也很重要。
如“增加了”和“增加”表示的意思是不一样的。
by用来表示增加或减少的幅度。
表示倍数时汉语与英语不一样。
汉语:1)甲比乙...(形容词或副词)n倍:不包括基数。
2)甲是乙n倍:包括基数。
英语:1) "n+ times + adj.比较级+than"式:包括基数;2) "n+ times + as + adj. + as"式:包括基数;3) "verb (e.g. increase, grow, rise, be raised, etc.) + n + times"式:包括基数。
第4章英译汉常用的方法和技巧(上)4.1 词义的选择、引申和褒贬一、试译下列各句,注意根据上下文和逻辑关系对特定词汇作进一步引申。
1. violence【译文】暴力事件2. confusion【译文】混乱状态3. individualism【译文】个人主义4. public security【译文】社会治安问题5. inflation【译文】通货膨胀问题6. trade volume【译文】成交情况7. independence【译文】独立地位8. R&D【译文】研发活动9. to do evil things openly【译文】明火执仗10. to be full of anxiety and worry【译文】牵肠挂肚11. a great and thorough-going change 【译文】翻天覆地的变化12. great in momentum and irresistible 【译文】声势浩大,不可阻挡13. A good conscience is a soft pillow.【译文】良心过得去,睡觉才安稳。
14. Love lives in cottages as well as courts.【译文】爱情不分贵贱。
15. You should not show your hand to a stranger.【译文】对陌生人要保持戒心。
16. Please don’t wake a sleeping dog.【译文】请不要惹是生非。
17. I have no head for music.【译文】我没有音乐方面的天赋。
18. Vietnam War was his entree to the new Administration as a foreign policy consultant.【译文】越南战争成了他进入新政府的敲门砖,他成了新政府的对外政策顾问。
19. Action and foresight will be needed as well as learning and reputation.【译文】不但需要德高望重的学者,而且需要有远见卓识的实干家。
1. How to explain that I was not a proud owner seeking admiration for his vehicle, but a tourist who had broken down?【译文】真不知道怎么说好呢?我又不是一个得意的车主,专门让人家欣赏我的车子来着,而是个路途中有了难处的游客。
2. It is actually very, very old and was not always as beautiful as it is now. It is not certain how the Earth began. Probably it began as a huge globe of gas and dust. The globe became smaller and denser. … Today the outer layer or crust is cool and hard, …【译文】实际上,地球已经非常、非常古老了,它起初并不总像现在这样美丽。
关于地球的起源,尚无定论。
地球开始形成时,很可能是一个由气体和尘埃组成的巨大球体。
地球变得越来越小,越来越密,……今天,地球的外层或地壳已经冷却硬化,……3. Special equipment assures that the computers will not be disturbed by power interruptions that last less than two hours.【译文】在停电两小时以内的情况下,有专门设备能保证计算机正常工作。
4. It was not anger, nor surprise, nor disapproval, nor horror, nor any of the emotions that she had been prepared for.【译文】那表情不是生气,不是惊讶,不是不满,不是嫌恶,也不是她原先准备应付的任何一种感情。
1. Promotions are wonderful but they must be deserved. And we deserve it, only if we serve the people.【译文】提升是件好事。
但必须是那些值得提升的人。
而我们只有为人民服务才算得上值得。
【改后译文】提升是好事,但必须受之无愧。
我们只有坚持为人民服务才能受之无愧。
2. It looks like it will be a mild, but rainy weekend.【译文】看来天气温和,但周末有雨。
【改后译文】看来周末天气温暖,但有雨。
3. It emerged casually and as a byproduct of our conversation.【译文】它偶然地冒了出来,就像我们谈话的副产品。
【改后译文】很随便地提到了它,就像是我们在谈话中顺便说说而已。
4. His air of self-assurance and somewhat lordly bearing would have frightened me, had it not been for his warm and hearty handshake.【译文】他那自信的神气和略为高傲的派头就要使我害怕了,不过他和我握手的时候是那样热情,那样真挚。
【改后译文】他和我握手的时候是那样热情,那样真挚,要不然他那自信的神情和高傲的派头,我还真有点害怕呢。
5. Without his knowledge, the matchmakers were at work.【译文】他自己还不知道,媒人却已为他工作了。
【改后译文】他自己还不知道,媒人却已为他穿针引线了。
6. I was like that ship before my education began, only I was without compass or sounding-line.【译文】我的教育开始之前,就像这样一条船,只是没有罗盘和测深绳。
【改后译文】在我开始接受教育之前,就像这样一条船,没有罗盘,没有测深绳。
7. The best way is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal.【译文】最好的办法就是要逐渐使自己关心更多的和不跟自己直接有关的事情。
【改后译文】最好的办法就是要逐渐使自己关心更多的事情,甚至关心那些跟自己无关的事情。
8. The broker’s hour is not only crowded, but minutes and seconds are hanging to all the traps and packing both front and rear platforms. (O. Henry)【译文】经纪人的时间不但是拥挤的,而且分分秒秒都在月台上挂皮带,打包。
【改后译文】经纪人不但很忙,而且每分每秒都没有空着,时间安排得非常紧。
9. He would study and work hard, he would do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life, which has turned to ashes beneath his feet.【译文】他一定会努力学习和工作,只要不再回到旧的生活里去——它已经在他的脚底下化为尘埃了——派他做什么工作都行。
【改后译文】他一定会努力学习,努力工作,让他做什么都行,只要不再回到旧的生活里去,旧的生活已经一去不复返了。
10. Good, better, best,Never let it rest,Till good is better,And better best.【译文】好,更好,最好,别让它停歇,等到好变成更好,让更好变成最好。
【改后译文1】好上要求更好,只要目的定牢,坚持努力不懈,成功不会飘渺。
【改后译文2】好上加好,坚持不懈,步步登高,争取最好。
1.The sky turned to a tender pallet of pink and blue.【译文】天空变成了一块由粉红色和蓝色构成的色彩柔和的调色板。
2. She had never let him know—never breathed a word.【译文】她根本就没让他知道,从未透露过真情。
3.The president now is on a poverty tour.【译文】总统目前正在访问贫困地区。
4. She doctored in the countryside.【译文】她在农村当医生。
5. The old man carefully doctored the split in the cane chair.【译文】老人仔细修补藤椅上的裂口。
6. The mayor of New York City is the Time magazine’s 2001 Person of the Year.【译文】纽约市市长是2001年《时代》杂志的风云人物。
7. An expensive failure can be made into an asset if you’ve learnt from it, but Monsanto still has some learning to do.【译文】失败的代价虽然昂贵,然而只要你能从中汲取教训,那也是一笔财富。
不过,曼山托公司仍然需要总结教训。
The sum total of these relations of production constitutes the economic structure of society —the real foundation on which rise legal and political superstructures and to which correspond definite forms of social consciousness. The mode of production in material life determines the general character of the social, political and spiritual processes of life. It is not the consciousness of men that determines their existence, but, on the contrary, their social existence determines their consciousness. (Karl Marx: A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy)这些生产关系的总和构成社会的经济结构,即有法律的和政治的上层建筑建立其上,并有一定的社会意识形式与之相适应的现实基础。
物质生活的生产方式制约着整个社会生活、政治生活和精神生活的过程。
不是人们的意识决定人们的存在,相反,是人们的社会存在决定人们的意识。
(卡尔·马克思《政治经济学批判》)1. We greatly appreciate your kindness.【译文】我们非常感谢你的好意。
2. Do you appreciate the difficulties involved in this undertaking?【译文】你是否意识到担任这项工作可能遇到的困难?3. We all appreciate a holiday after a year of hard work.【译文】我们全部体会到假日的乐趣。
4. He can appreciate classical music.【译文】他能够欣赏古典音乐。
5. His failure to answer question made the police suspicious.【译文】他不回答这一问题引起了警方的怀疑。
6. Man is extending his eyes with radar.【译文】人(人类)借助于雷达扩大视野。
7. It cost him a sight of trouble.【译文】这给他招来一大堆麻烦。
8. The instrument is of great interest, involving as it does a new principle of work.【译文】该仪器由于涉及新的工作原理而具有意义。