教材练习答案及听力原文Unit 1WARMING UPAnswers:1 Archimedes, Ancient Greek (287-212 BC) He was a mathematician. He found that if you put an object into water the water pushes the object up. It rises and partly floats. The force of the water pushing it up is the same as the weight of the object.2 Charles Darwin, British (1808-1882) The Origin of Species was published in 1859. It explained how plants and animals had changed over time to fit in with a changing environment. At the time it was published it was very controversial. Many people believed the Bible when it said that God made the first two people (Adam and Eve) and that all other people came from these two. Darwin’s book showed that people had developed from apes instead. So this caused a lot of ar gument between religious and scientific people. However Darwin’s idea became very influential and is still accepted today.3 Thomas Newcomen, British (1663-1729) He improved the first steam pump built by Thomas Savery in 1698 and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712. James Watt improved it still further in the 1770s turning it into the first modern steam engine used on the railways.4 Gregor Mendel, Czech (1822-1884) He grew pea plants and developed ideas on heredity and inherited characteristics. He concentrated on cross-fertilising pea plants and analyzing the results. Between 1856-1863 he grew 28,000 pea plants. He examined seven kinds of seed and plant characteristics and developed some laws of inheritance. The first is that inheritance factors do not combine but are passed to the next generation intact. Second, he found that each partner gives half the inherited factors to the young. Third, some of these factors show up in the offspring (and so are dominant). The other factors are masked by the dominant ones (and so are recessive).5 Marie Curie, Polish and French (1867-1934) She was born in Poland and came to study in France in 1891 and she lived there for the rest of her life. In 1898 she discovered radium. She received two Nobel prizes, one (with Pierre Curie) for physics (1903) and one for chemistry (1911). She is the only person to have been so honoured. On the death of her husband she took over his job at the Sorbonne in Paris. Her work on radioactivity and the discovery of radium meant that she began a new scientific area of research. She was the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize and the first woman to teach at the Sorbonne.6 Thomas Edison, American (1847-1931) He was already an inventor of other electrical devices (phonograph, electric light bulb) when in 1882 he designed a system for providing New York with electricity from a central power station. This was a tremendous achievement, which had previously been thought impossible.7 Leonardo da Vinci, Italian (1452-1519) He was a famous artist whose skill for showing human skin tones made his paintings seem to come alive. He used to study dead people in order to make his paintings as accurate as possibile. Some of his famous paintings include “The Adoration of the Magi” and the “The Last Supper”. Later in his life he lived in France where he designed a submarine and a flying machine.8 Sir Humphry Davy, British (1778-1829) He did research into different gases and discovered the medicinal value of nitrous oxide (or laughing gas) as an anaesthetic. In 1815 he developed a safety lamp for miners. Previously there had been many accidents when candles on the miners’ helmets had exploded when it came into contact with underground gas from the coal the miners were digging. The safety helmet made working underground very much safer.9 Zhang Heng, Chinese (78-139) He invented the first seismograph to indicate in the direction of an earthquake. It was in the shape of a cylinder with eight dragon heads round the top, each with a ball in its mouth. Around the bottom were eight frogs directly under a dragon’s head. When an earthquake occurred, a ball fell out of the dragon’s mouth, making a noise.10 Stephen Hawking, British (1942-) He has worked in astronomy and studied black holes in space. He has shown that black holes do not only absorb everything around them but, from time to time, throw out matter as well. This may mark the beginning of new galaxies. This is an advance on the old theory which said that black holes “eat” everything they come across. COMPREHENDINGAnswer key for Exercise 1:1 An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854.2 John Snow began to test two theories.3 John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe.4 John Snow marked the deaths on a map.5 He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump.6 He had the handle removed from the water pump.7 He announced that the water carried the disease.8 King Cholera was defeated.Answer key for Exercise 2:1 John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2 No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3 Three diseases, which are similar today, are SARS, AIDS and bird flu, because they are serious, have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them.Sample summary for Exercise 3:John Snow wanted to find the cause of cholera. He believed that people became ill after eating infected food. He used the next outbreak of cholera to test his idea. He studied a small area of houses which got their water from the same pump. Many people in the area died. John Snow showed that this was because the water in the pump was infected. He showed that cholera could be defeated if people drank clean water.LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGEDiscovering useful words and expressionsSuggested answers to Exercise 1:1 victim2 physician3 analyse4 defeat5 challenge6 enquiry7 pump 8 blame 9 absorb10 link...toAnswer key for Exercise 2:1 severe2 suspected3 exposed4 experts5 cure6 foresaw7 concluded 8 announced 9 attendedAnswer key for Exercise 3:make a suggestion make a decisionmake a plan make a contributionmake a speech make a noisemake a change make a descriptionmake an investigationSome possible examples for Exercise 4:1 The teacher asked us not to make faces in class.2 I tried to make friends with my neighbour but he was too old and did not want to talk to me.3 The best way to make money is to study hard and gain good qualifications.4 I didn’t like them to collect me in their car so I made my way to the restaurant on foot by myself.5 I’m too tired to make dinner, so I decide to eat out.6 Before you pay for that new car make sure it has a guarantee, which will protect you against any problems during the first year.7 Don’t make up your mind about buying that house till you have seen a few more.8 When you leave your flat in the morning, it looks tidier if you make the bed before you go.9 I have tried to make room for her on that course but there are just too many people already attending it.Discovering useful structuresSome possible answers for Exercise 1:1 ...when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.(attribute)2 He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump.(attribute)3 He became interested in two theories.(pre-dicative)4 Neither its cause, nor its cure was under-stood.(predicative)Answer key for Exercise 2:Past Participle as the Attribute (1) Past Participle as the Attribute (2)1 terrified people 1 people terrified of (cholera)2 reserved seats 2 seats reserved by...3 polluted water 3 water polluted by...4 a crowded room 4 a room crowded with...5 a pleased winner 5 a winner pleased with...6 astonished children 6 children astonished at/by...7 a broken vase 7 a vase broken by...8 a closed door 8 a door closed by...9 the tired audience 9 the audience tired of...10 a trapped animal 10 an animal trapped in/by...Answer key for Exercise 3:1 blamed/upset2 tired3 disappointed4 shocked/depressed5 excited6 infectedUSING LANGUAGELISTENING TEXTA GREAT CHINESE SCIENTISTFather of the Chinese space programmeYu Ping (YP) is talking to her friend Steve Smith (SS) about Qian Xuesen and his work as a rocket scientist.Part 1YP: What do you want to be when you grow up, Steve?SS:I want to be an astronomer and visits stars. I wish to visit Mars one day.YP:I think I’d like to work in the space industry too. I’d like to be a rocket scientist like Qian Xuesen.SS:What did he have to do to become a rocket scientist?YP:Well, he first studied at university to be an engineer. Later he went to America to study for his doctor’s degree. It was then he began to work on rockets.SS:So it was lucky for our space programme that he came back to China.YP:Very much so. There was no work on space rockets in China before he began his institute to design and build rockets to go into space.Part 2SS:Do you think he wanted to travel into space in one of his rockets?YP:I have no idea but I believe he looked forward to the first space flight by a Chinese astronaut. SS:Yes. Now that China has sent satellites into space. I hope we’ll be the first to land on Mars. That would really be something special and if I were that astronaut I would put Qian Xuesen’s picture on Mars to show how much we admire his work.YP:Indeed. He is rightfully called the father of the Chinese space programme. He is my hero and he is why I want to be a rocket scientist.SS:Well, we’d better get on with our homework. We need good grades to get into university.YP:Right you are. See you, then.SS:See you.Answer key for Exercise 1:Students will give their own answers.Answer key for Exercise 2:Main Idea: It is about the role of Qian Xuesen in the development of space technology in China.Answer key for Exercise 3:1 Qian Xuesen first studied to be an engineer.2 In America he began to work on space rockets so that he was able to develop a space programme when he came back to China.3 When Qian Xuesen returned to China he set up a space institute to begin training people in how to design and build rockets.Answer key for Exercise 4:China’s achievement-sin spaceSteve Smith’s amb i-tions1 Chinese astronauts in space2 Chinese satellites in space 1 become a rocket scientist2 be the first to land on Mars and put Qian Xuesen’s picture thereAnswer key for Exercise 3:Students give their own answers.Students can show that they understand what is involved by making a realistic dialogue of their own.Sample conversation:MIKE: What do you want to do when you grow up?LI RU:I want to build robots. I will have to do a physics and mathematics degree in China. After that I hope to go abroad to Reading University in England where you can study all about robots. There is a special cybernetics department there.MIKE:What personality will be needed for that job?LI RU:I think I need to be patient for my ideas which will take a long time to develop. I also need to be creative enough to have good ideas.MIKE:What experience will be most useful to you?LI RU:I think technology and engineering projects. I hope to work in a factory in my holidays. MIKE:What kind of person makes a good inventor?LI RU:I think someone who is happy to persevere at something and learns from his mistakes. MIKE:Thank you. I think designing robots sounds fun.Reading and writingAnswer key for Exercise 1:Before ShowingCopernicus’ theory Copernicus’ theoryA diagram showing the solar system with the earth at its centre A diagram showing the solar system with the sun at its centreAnswer key for Exercise 2:Students give their own answers.Sample writing:Dear Nicolaus Copernicus,I am a student studying astronomy and I would very much like to read your new theory about the solar system. I hope you will publish it for several reasons.I understand the problems with the present theory. The way the planets move is not what youwould expect if the earth was the centre of the universe. It is also odd that the brightness of some stars seems to change. So I agree with you that we need a new theory.I know your observations have been very carefully carried out over many years. Now you must have the courage to publish them. Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs. I know you worry about what will happen if you publish your new theory. No matter how people oppose it, time will show whether your ideas are right or wrong.So I hope you will feel you can publish your new theory.Yours sincerely,(your name)Unit 2WARMING UPAnswers:1 C2 B (direct flight)3 B4 A5 BQuestion 1: The United Kingdom consists of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. More about this appears in the first reading passage.Question 2: It takes ten hours to fly from Beijing to London Heathrow Airport if you take a direct flight.Question 3: It may appear to an outsider that the Queen has an important role in ruling the country. However, this is not so. Her position is ceremonial: opening Parliament, welcoming Heads from other countries, going on tours to other countries to encourage trade with Britain, etc. The Prime Minister together with his most important ministers (called the Cabinet) and his Members of Parliament (each from a different part of the country) make the important political decisions and the laws.Question 4: The counties of Britain are much smaller than provinces in China. They have local government powers for their area. Counties have several Members of Parliament depending on the size of their population. Large towns such as Reading have two MPs and the largest city in England outside London, which is Birming-ham, has ten MPs.Question 5: The Rivers Thames and Severn are very similar in length but the River Thames is slightly longer. The River Thames is 338 km and the River Severn is 290 km. The River Avon is much shorter.COMPREHENDINGAnswer key for Exercise 1:1 England, Wales and Scotland2 England and Wales3 England, Wales, Scotland and NorthernIreland4 Republic of Southern Ireland5 England/Great Britain/the UKAnswer key for Exercise 2:1 The country left out is Wales. It is usually assumed to be part of England.2 England, Scotland and Wales.3 The Vikings did not influence London.Answer key for Exercise 3:North: Leeds, York, Sheffield, ManchesterMidlands: Coventry, BirminghamSouth: Reading, London, Brighton,PlymouthAnswer key for Exercise 4:Para 1, 2&3: what England includes; about Great Britain; the UK.Para 4:the geographical division of England into zones; their similarities and differences.Para 5&6:the cultural importance of London.Possible summary: The writer examines how the UK developed as an administrative unit. It shows how England is also divided into three zones. It explains why London became the cultural capital of England.LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGEDiscovering useful words and expressionsAnswer key for Exercise 1:1 unwilling2 countryside3 conveniences4 clarify5 constructing6 Kingdom7 administration 8 accomplish9 enjoyableSuggested answers to Exercise 2:1 currency2 The Union Jack3 United; consist of4 broke away5 institutions6 conflicts7 provincesAnswer key for Exercise 3:1 asked2 whispered3 screamed4 begged5 agreed6 answered7 shouted 8 complained 9 suggestedDiscovering useful structuresAnswer key for Exercise 1:1 ...to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way.2 You find most of the population settled in the south, ...3 It has the oldest port built by the Romans...Suggested answers to Exercise 2:1 have got the house mended2 Have you had your hair cut?3 have the dictionary delivered4 haven’t had the film developed6 found it closed6 get it repaired7 got all their money stolen8 have it divided9 had some of his points clarified10 had/got some flowers sent; had it announced; had it organizedAnswer key for Exercise 3:Answers will vary.USING LANGUAGEReadingSuggested answers:Day 1 Comments Day 2 Day 31 Tower of London2 St Paul’s Cathedral3 Westminster Abbey4 Big Ben 1 delight, fancy2 splendid and interesting3 interesting, full of statues of poets and writers4 famous and very loud 1 Greenwich with ships2 clock (GMT)3 longitude line 1 Karl Marx’s statue“strange he lived and died in London”2 British Museum“thrilled to see Chinese pottery”ListeningLISTENING TEXTCAN A ROYAL PALACE ALSO BE A PRISON?Zhang Pingyu (ZP) is trying to find out more about the history of the Tower of London from a guide (G).Part 1G:The Tower was the home of the King but also a prison. Many important people were kept there. ZP:I beg your pardon? Can you speak more slowly, please?G:Of course. Have you heard of “The Princes in the Tower”?ZP:No, I’m afraid not.G:These two princes were brothers, called Edward and Richard and they lived six hundred years ago. They came to London, for the older boy to become Edward Ⅴ, after his father, King Edward Ⅳ, died.ZP:I see. How old was he?G:He was only thirteen years old. His cruel uncle, also called Richard, was supposed to look after them both, but instead he had them killed while they were asleep.ZP:What do you mean? He killed them himself?G:No. He sent his men to kill them because he wanted to become King Richard Ⅲ. There is a story that on a dark night you can sometimes hear those princes crying.ZP:You can hear them crying? Really? I thought you said they were killed many years ago.G:Yes, but it’s only a story!Part 2ZP:Who else came to the Tower as a prisoner?G:A future queen. In the 1550s Queen Mary sent her sister, Princess Elizabeth, to the Tower as a prisoner.ZP:Strange! Why did she do that?G:She thought Elizabeth was a traitor. So she sent Elizabeth through a special gate called “Traitors’ Gate”. That only hap pen-ed to very bad people.ZP:I’m sorry I don’t understand. How did Elizabeth become Queen if she was a prisoner?G:Easy. Her brother and sister both died without children so Elizabeth became Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ. She tried not to be unfair to others when she was queen.ZP:I’m glad to hear that.Answer key for Exercise 1:1 Elizabeth later Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ.2 King Henry Ⅷ.3 Richard Ⅲ.4 Edward Ⅴ and Richard.Answer key for Exercise 2:Ticks for brothers Edward Ⅴ and Richard (sons of King Edward Ⅳ); King Edward Ⅳ;Richard (later King Richard Ⅲ); Queen Mary; Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ);Answer key for Exercise 3:1 Prince Edward (later Edward Ⅴ) was one of the princes murdered in the Tower. We know because:both were princesboth were young boystheir uncle was Richard who later became King Richard Ⅲ.2 King Richard Ⅲ killed the princes because he wanted to become king.Answer key for Exercise 4:came, future, Mary, Princess, Tower, Strange, thought, through, Traitors’, happenedSpeaking and writingSample dialogue:S1: Excuse me. Are you a guide?S2:Yes, I am. Can I help you?S1:Can I ask you a question about the Temple of Heaven?S2:Of course. What do you want to know?S1:What’s this Temple for?S2:The Emperor came to pray for good crops and a good harvest for the country. He made offerings to the God and asked him for help.S1:Please can you speak more slowly? I’m afraid I can’t follow you.S2:I’m sorry. I’ll speak more slowly. This is the Hall where the Emperor made his sacrifices to the Gods. You may not go in but just look through the door.S1:What did you mean by making sacrifices?S2:He killed many animals after making prayers. He was also dressed in special clothes.S1:I beg your pardon? Special clothes! I thought his clothes were always special! What were they? S2:They were clothes kept just for this occasion. He changed in a special yellow room and cameout to go to pray to the Gods.S1:I see. When did this stop?S2:When the Emperors stopped ruling China.S1:Thank you. You have been most helpful.Unit 3WARMING UPSuggested answers:Present time In One Thousand Year’s TimeTransport Airplanes; cars; bicycles No longer by air because of environmental pollution; bicycles and horses will make a comeback.Work Office; factory; construction; landscape; service At home using advanced, interactive computers; meetings can be conducted on the computer and people will see each other speak. Finance and currency Banks; offices; insurance; business One global currency—maybe the yuan as China will be the largest global exporterLanguages English; Russian; Chinese One global language—perhaps Chinese or still EnglishEnvironment Air: could be improved in cities Very poor; need to recycle all waste; control on the use of cars; no airplanes; methods to improve poor air quality. Climate of the earth being very hot is making problems over water resources.Education Nursery; schools; university Longer than now possibly until 25 years of age so that students can learn all the new technologiesHouses Flats; houses; concrete; wood Built into the ground as the surface of the earth is so hot. Communica-tion Post office; InternetBy thoughtpad, telephone, computer, mobiles, Morse code, etc.COMPREHENDINGAnswer key for Exercise 1:1 Li Qiang went into the future because he had won a prize that gave him a tour.2 He felt rather anxious when he left his own time but soon got it over.3 He went by time capsule.4 The first thing he noticed was the poor quality of the air and it gave him a headache.5 He found several things that were different:a mask to give him enough oxygena hovering carriagehaving a “time lag” experiencea strange-looking house that belonged to Wang Ping’s parentstrees that acted as walls and provided oxygen for the roomtables, chairs and a bed that were stored under the floorAnswer key for Exercise 2:Good changes Bad changesTime travel can travel to different times as you wish After-effects of travelTransport can move swiftly disorganized; difficult to find wayHouses save living space short of spaceTowns busy; look like markets easy to get lostAir quality own family oxygen supply poor quality in public placesAnswer key for Exercise 3:Students give their own opinions in the class discussion.Answer key for Exercise 4:Paragraph1 main idea: How I came to take a time travel journeydetails: my prize; my excitement2 main idea: The journeydetails: how I felt; the spaceship; the journey3 main idea: My impressions of life one thousand years into the futured etails: little oxygen; masks to provide oxygen; hovering carriage; how to drive them; a “time lag” moment4 main idea: Staying in Wang Ping’s homedetails: appearance of house; trees as walls; where furniture stored; ate meal; prepared for sleep LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGEAnswer key for Exercise 1:Suggested answers to Exercise 2:1 search for2 take up3 slide into4 sweep up5 press down1 search for2 swept up3 pressed down4 sweep up5 took up6 slid... intoAnswer key for Exercise 3:opportunities; constantly; stewardesses; previous; adjustment; tolerate; take up; lose sight of; link; bentDiscovering useful structuresAnswer key for Exercise 1:1 Well-known for their expertise, his parent’scompany...2 Hit by a lack...3 Exhausted, I slid into bed...Answer key for Exercise 2:1 Frightened by the loud noise, I went to see what was happening.2 Hit by the lack of fresh air, he got a bad headache.3 Tired after the long journey, I still enjoyed meeting the aliens on the space station.4 Frightened by the noise outside, Sue dared not sleep in her bedroom.5 Built in 1910, the museum is almost 100 years old.6 Given some advice by the famous scientist, the student was not worried about his scientific experiment any more.7 Exhausted by a day’s work, George took some tablets to help him feel better.8 Very astonished by the amount of work in the new timetable(given by her boss), Lucy decided to leave her job immediately.Answer key for Exercise 3:1 Soon we lost sight of that famous astronomer called Li Qiang.2 I am going to buy a painting copied from Vincent van Gogh.3 I like that old private house built of wood and mud.4 The room connected to the rest of the house by a long passage is completely empty.5 The queen was sitting in a royal carriage drawn by four horses.6 The vehicle mentioned in the book is unknown to me.7 Tha castle built in 1432 is under repair.USING LANGUAGESuggested answers to Exercise 1:Modern Inventions of the 31st CenturyOnly to be seen on the Space StationCommunication Waste Disposal ManufacturingInvention thoughtpad a waste machine manufacturing robotsadvantages 1 efficient2 environmentally friendly 1 disposes of all waste2 turns them into three grades of useful ma-terial 1 no waste2 no pollution3 no environmental damagedisadvantages thoughts must be clear or messages may be mixed up None people must live on a space station to moni-tor the robotsCome and see how they work today!Sample dialogue for Exercise 2:S1: We’d really like to live and work in a space station in the 31st century. Of course there’d be a lot of work, but we’d really enjoy the leisure time we would have.S2: And the large number of robots that we could use to fill our spare time with!S1: Yes indeed! We both enjoy working with robots and find them lots of fun. We would train them to play football so that we could each have our own team and hold competitions.S2: Once we’d got two football teams we’d begin training the robots for a triathlon or three-skill competition. Ther e would be running, swimming and finally a football match. That’d be fun too.S1: Robots are never tired so we’d train them to cook our favourite dishes and do all the housework throughout the spaceship.S2: When we get fed-up with competitions we’d arrang e for the robots to design us a beach area where we can sun-bathe and relax. I don’t think life could be better!S1: Nor do I!LISTENING TEXTCAN PEOPLE REALL Y LIVE ON MARSLI Qiang(LQ) is interviewing Walker Hiller(WH) on the space station about his idea for building a new town called “Wonderworld” on Mars.LQ: Well, Mr Hiller Why did you think of building a new town on Mars?WH: It sounds astonishing, doesn’t it? I imagine that it’ll be difficult and the atmosphere, gravity, and climate will have to be just like the earth or nobody will travel there.LQ: Can you imagine how that’ll be achieved?WH: Yes, I think so. The atmosphere’s too hot and has no oxygen. So people couldn’t breathe Mars’ air and live. We’ll make a covered area for people to live in with a special air supply.LQ: Is it likely you can find and use water to keep the climate similar to that on the earth?WH: Perhaps. We hope there’s water under the planet’s surface. People will have to collect all the used water so it can be cleaned and recycled as rain. Then it can be used again to water plants and crops and provide clean drinking water.LQ: Yes. I suppose everyone will have to put their dirty water in special tanks. Even animals will have to be trained to go to the toilet in special places.WH: Yes, I suppose so.LQ: So is it likely that bacteria will clean the water?WH: Well, that’s a possibility.LQ: I wonder if the houses can be made strong enough against the gravity on Mars?WH: Yes, they can. The robots will provide special building material.LQ: Still life sounds quite uncomfortable. So what’s the advantage of going to live on Mars? WH: There will be opportunities for scien-tific work and to look for gold or other metals. So people may become rich or famous.LQ: How healthy will the people be, I wonder?Answer key for Exercise 1:Ticks for: living on another planet, atmos-phere and gravity, how to get water on Mars, houses in a town on MarsSuggested answers to Exercise 2:1 “Wonderworld” will provide a covered area for people to li ve in with a special air supply.2 “Wonderworld” will make sure there is enough water by collecting some from under the planet’s surface. After use, this water will be cleaned and recycled so that it can be used as rain to water drops and provide clean drinking water. Everyone will put their dirty water in special tanks and animals will have to go to the toilet in special places. Bacteria will clean this dirty water so it can be used again.3 People may become rich or famous.4 I think the people will be quite healthy as they have a satisfactory climate, enough water and sufficient accommodation to live comfortably.Speaking and writingSample dialogue:S1: What problems do you think our home-town will have one thousand years in the future?S2: Is it possible life will be better than it is now?S1: Yes, of course. Probably everyone will be more comfortable. They’ll be provided technological improvements and the robots.S2: Oh I see. Is it possible that people will have solved the problems of today—global warming,。
2023年教师资格之中学英语学科知识与教学能力题库检测试卷A卷附答案单选题（共100题）1、Every student as well as teachers who __________to visit the museumasked to be at the school gate on time.A.is; isB.are; areC.is; areD.are; is【答案】 D2、We have no trust in him because he has never__________ the grandiose promises he makes.A.delivered onB.eaten offC.forgotten aboutD.abided by【答案】 A3、/s/and/θ/can be distinguished by__________.A.manner of articulationB.place of articulationC.vibration of the vocal cordsD.aspiration of articulation【答案】 B4、I arrived at the airport so late that I __________missed the plane.A.onlyB.quiteC.narrowlyD.seldom【答案】 C5、/t/is not fully pronounced inA.footballB.suitcaseC.at homeD.hot day【答案】 C6、Which of the following describes the process in which one’s language ability is developed in natural and everyday situation?A.PerformancepetenceC.LearningD.Acquisition【答案】 D7、There are two kinds of motive for engaging in any activity: internal and instrumental. If a scientist conducts research because she wants to discover important facts about the world, that's an internal motive, since discovering facts is inherently related to the activity of research. If she conducts research because she wants to achieve scholarly renown, that's an instrumental motive, since the relation between fame and research is not so inherent. Often, people have both for doing things. What mix of motives--internal or instrumental or both--is most conducive to success? You might suppose that a scientist motivated by a desire to discover facts and by a desire to achieve renown will do better work than a scientist motivated by just one of those desires. Surely two motives are better than one. But as we and our colleagues argue in a paper newly published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, instrumental motives are not always an asset and can actually be counterproductive to success. We analyzed data drawn from 11320 cadets in nine entering classes at the United States Military Academy at West Point, all of whom rated how much each of a set of motives influenced their decision to attend the academy. The motives included things like a desire to get a good job later in life and a desire to be trained as a leader in the United States ArmyA.In-service soldiersitary researchersitary officersitary trainees【答案】 D8、Passage 2A.live in very hot temperaturesB.live in very cold temperaturesC.manufacture oxygenD.all of the above【答案】 D9、Passage 1A.mice' s inborn terror of catsB.the evolution of ToxoplasmaC.a new study about the effects of a parasite on miceD.a harmful parasite called Toxoplasma gondii【答案】 C10、Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they're always coming in for criticism．A.AdvertisementB.The benefits of advertisementC.Advertisers perform a useful service to communitiesD.The costs of advertisement【答案】 C11、Which of the following is based on the communicative view of language?A.Structural syllabusB.Skill-based syllabusC.Genre-based syllabusD.Functional-notional syllabus【答案】 D12、请阅读短文，完成此题。
答案+我名字厦门大学网络教育2019-2020学年第一学期《国际商务英语》课程期末考试复习第一部分：客观题一、选择题A Questions 1-7Directions: Look at the sentences below and the job advertisements on the opposite page. Which job does each sentence 1-7 refer to?For each sentence, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.You will need to use some of these letters more than once.Example０This post involves some secretarial duties.1 You will be responsible for the operation of a computer system.2 You must be able to forecast what people will want to wear.3 You will be able to work with people from many different countries and backgrounds.4 You will have a qualification which covers two subject areas.5 It is necessary to have worked in this sector before.6 You will need to keep in contact with the headquarters of the organization.7 The advertisement emphasizes the need to have a suitable approach to important people.ABUSINESS MANAGER You will be responsible for our global business within specific countries and will have a good understanding of international distribution, possibly based on previous experience, plus the ability to work in markets that are highly varied in their culture. You will be fluent in a second language, be willing to travel extensively, and preferably have a degree.BDEPARTMENT STORE BUYER Based at our head office in London, you will select and order stock from our suppliers in Italy. You will need to predict fashion trends and build a strong relationship with our Italian office. You will have gained your buying experience in women's fashion and will hold a degree in design with a business studies component.CLEGAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATOR As head of the legal office, your work will include managing the office IT network, typing reports, diary maintenance and supervision of another staff member. You will need good organizational skills in order to keep ahead of a varied workload. You will be dealing with senior executives and government officials, so a mature and efficient manner is essential.DREGIONAL LEISURE SITES MANAGER You will be responsible for budgetary planning, contract negotiations, local marketing and effective administration. You will communicate frequently with our main office using the latest technology. Your experience could be from any business sector but you should enjoy outdoor life and will ideally possess an estate management qualification.B Questions 1-7Directions: Read the statement of Manage Your Boss. Which method each sentence (1-7) describe? For each sentence, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.You will need to use some of these letters more than once.1 Listen to what your boss tells you about how well you are working.2 Realize that your boss will occasionally need to be left alone.3 Comment on your boss's work in a positive spirit.4 Try to impress your boss with your thoroughness.5 Do not hesitate to involve your boss if you have difficulties with your work.6 Show your boss that you are capable of working at a higher level.7 Speak to your boss, even about matters not directly related to your work.MANAGE YOUR BOSSAdvice from four top business people on how you should treat your boss.A The ConsultantNo boss likes nasty surprises. Thinking you can solve a serious problem before he or she finds out is a doomed strategy. Much better to inform your boss about the situation early on, together with your suggested solution. Also, remember that bosses like praise as much as any employee. Do this without making it obvious, if only to earn the right to criticise (constructively, of course). 'Consideration' is the key word. Treat bosses as you hope to be treated - it should help you to move up to the next level.B The DirectorOf course there are all the formal things in managing your boss - ensuring that you come to meetings well prepared, that you have a good eye for detail, and so on. But you also need todistinguish effectively between things that are important and things that are merely small details. Bosses like it if you can see 'the big picture' because they want to be able to delegate. So it's all about psychology, as well as performance.C The ChairmanBosses want people to understand their objectives, their way of working and the pressures they are under. If you can understand what sort of individual your boss is, it is easier to appreciate why certain reactions might arise, and thus avoid problems. Also, keep the lines of communication with your boss open. You need to receive ongoing feedback on whether your work is effective, asking about what you do not understand, and, if necessary, discussing personal issues from outside the workplace. When the gap between you is reduced. so are the difficulties.D The Chief ExecutiveUnderstand that a boss will want to take the glory when things go well. After all, they take ultimate responsibility, so they deserve some of the credit. Also, find out about your boss's outside interests, as this can help to improve the relationship. You may find you have an interest in common. Similarly, recognize that everyone is human, and there are times when a request from you may be unwelcome. Get to know your boss's Personal Assistant, who can advise you when it is a good time to talk to him or her.二、完型题Questions 1-15Directions: Read the article below about Thailand. Choose the correct word A, B, C or D tofill each gap. For each gap 1-15, mark one letter A, B, C or D.These days, Thailand is arguably one of the best bargains for business travelers in Asia. It is a country where business visitors can find everything they need for businessand for relaxation.Communications have improved vastly, allowing the business visitor to stay in 1easily with home office or further a field. The company’s reputation for superb serviceis 2 by the way its top hotels consistently beat all corners for “Best Hotel in the World” accolades. Conference and meeting 3 are also on a par 4 the best theworld can offer.For leisure, too, Thailand is hard to beat. The entertainment to be found in Bangkokand all major cities is 5 in Asia. Restaurants 6 to just about every caste convinced. The world-famous golf courses that dot the country have brought it its 7as the place to go for golf in Southeast Asia. And close to just about every businesscentre is a beach or country resort that 8 the jaded business traveler a chance to recharge his or her batteries after a hard week’s work.9 to massive overbuilding of hotels Thailand is 10 to remain good value for several years to come. In 1987, during the tourism boom sparked by the Tourism Authority of Thailand’s successful Visit Thailand Year promotional blitz, tourists went begging for hotel rooms.Luzi Matzig, general manager of Diethelm Travel, 11 the days when tours arriving in Bangkok had to be bused direct from the airport to Ayudhya, 90 kilometers away, because there were simply no rooms in the capital. Those heydays triggered a frenzy of hotel construction that has created today’s glut in Bangkok, Pattaya and, to a lesser 12 , upcoming resorts such as Phuket.“between 1990 and 1996 quality hotel rooms in Bangkok will increase from a base of 13,663 to 28,736 rooms, an average annual growth of 13.2% in supply,” 13 a recently complied hotel market study of Bangkok by property consultants Colliers Jardine. Nearby Pattaya beach resort already boasts some 28,628 hotel rooms, 14 from guest houses to five-star establishment, Phuket has 15,164 hotel rooms and Chiang Mai has 10,980, according to the latest 15 provided by the TAT. In Bangkok alone some 6942 “quality rooms” opened in 1993第二部分：主观题三、改错题A Questions 1-12Read the text below about giving presentations.In most of the lines (1-12) there is one extra word which does not fit in. One or two lines, however, are correct.If a line is correct, write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet. If there is an extra word in the line, write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet.The task begins with two samples, (0) and (00)A great presentation is like a good espresso0Between home and the work, I always stop off to pick up a morning espresso. _______00 The only thing that might change about this routine is the coffee itself because it _______1never tastes the quite same. Even if I will go back to the same coffee shop, my’usual’ _______2 tastes of a little different from one day to the next. The reason, of course, is that it depends ____3 as much on the person who behind the counter as the coffee in the cup.similarly, the ______4 difference in between a good presentation and a great one doesn’t come down to the ______5 words and expressions we use or how do state-of-the-art your computer graphics are. _____6Instead, it’s the presenter (or the person) who makes the difference, and three things that ______7 all great presenters to do: firstly, a good business message goes from the big picture right _____8 down to an appropriate level of detail. Secondly, lead your audience and along the way _____9so that its conclusion, when you summarize the key themes, make them feel like they’ve _____10 just got off an enjoyable ride. Finally, instead take of text on your visual aids, use graphics,___11 flowchart and visual images. Personalize for them with corporation colors, images and _____12 logos. Add that little personal touch –just like the right amount of sugar in your espresso._____B Questions 1-12Read the job advertisement below.In most of the lines (1-12) there is one extra word which does not fit in. One or two lines, however, are correct.If a line is correct, write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet. If there is an extra word in the line, write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet.The task begins with two samples, (0) and (00)Examples:0 CORRECT00 SUCHCustomer Services Director0Our client is well known as a producer of branded products in the home00 improvement sector. The business is experiencing a period of such significant1 volume and profit growth and as a result is now looking to appoint itself a2 Customer Services Director. This position involves in reporting directly to the3 Managing Director and key responsibilities include the control and development4 of the process for ordering goods. While through the management and5 motivation of twenty staff, you will be seen the focal point of managing6 customers’ expectations, from keeping them up to date at all times with the7 progress of their orders. This role is a challenging one and calls for an individual8 with those top-level interpersonal and communication skills and a good9 understanding of process management. In return for the company offers the10 right candidate with a highly competitive salary and benefits package. Assistance11 with relocation expenses, if appropriate, that is also available. If you feel you have12 the qualifications for this exciting role and are looking for a challenge, please writein confidence to:.......四、填空题A Questions 1-5Directions: Read this memorandum. Choose the best sentence from the list A-I to fill each of the blanks. For each blank (1-5) mark one letter (A-I) on your Answer Sheet.Do not mark any letter twice.MEMORANDUMTo: Filma Williams, school of ArchitectureFrom: Ram S. Johnson, Physical Plant OperationsSubject: Air-conditioning Installation Costs for East Hall.Date: 4.4.2014As you requested in your memo of March 15, we have studied the costs of installingair conditioning for the seven offices and two studio classrooms in East Hall. Example .Office and Classroom installationEstimates were obtained from three contractors on the costs of covering the officesand classrooms. 1 The work would take about three weeks.Because the central unit would be installed on the roof, some noise problems might occur during a four-or five-day period. 2 Sheet metal work to build out lest in the classes could be dine on weekends, and the overtime labour costs of about $ 1,500 have been included in the estimates.Arrangements were not made to do the office space installation on weekends 3Additional InstallationBecause a larger installation, including a more powerful central unit, would be necessary to handle the halls and stairways, an additional $6,000 would be required for the equipment. 4 If this additional work were delayed until a later time, a new central unit would be required along with changes in the pipe way. 5SummaryThe total job for the building would be about $ 35,000 if done at one time. A two-stage installation would cost about $55,000. I can get official bids at your request.Example: AA.As you suggested, we also sought information on the additional cost of airconditioning in the entrance halls and stairways.B.All these three were in the $ 20,000 to $ 25,000 range.C.This later installation would cost about $20,000.D.However, class interruption should be minimal.E.In the same way, each of these three would take at least one month.F.Therefore, the total cost was this $6,000 plus another $5,000.bour costs would be an additional S 5,000, bringing the total cost of theaddition to $11,000.H.Each faculty member could expect to have workers in office for about one day.I.So faculty members can continue their office work as usual.B Questions1-7Directions: Read the article about job-sharing. Match the headings with each paragraph.A.Get organizedB. Set your limitsC. Put pen to paperD. Two become oneE. Open your mindF. Plan for disasterG. Find the perfect partner H. Don’t feel guiltyHow to job-sharingWouldn’t it be nice if the working week finished on Wednesday? With a job-share it can. Here’s the essential guide to making it work.(0)Find the perfect partnerFind someone you like. “Be prepared to communicate and share credit and blame,” says Carol Savage, the managing director of executive, a flexible working consultancy.(1) _______________________________Bosses should consider requests for flexible working from employees with children under six. So embrace the benefits: “Twice as much experience, skills, brainpower and energy, ” Savage says.(2)_________________________________Always discuss the worst-case scenarios. When Margret Mill, a teacher, lost her job-share partner because of a family illness, a return to full-time work seemed inevitable. “we had been over-optimistic. I did manage to find someone else who fitted in with me, but I was very lucky. ”(3)_________________________________Plan the system for handing work over carefully and play to each other’s different strengths. Delegate the workload according to each other’s particular skills and qualities.(4)_________________________________Managers should clarify what they expect in terms of hours, availability and results, and employees should manage their employer’s expectations. Sue Osborn, a job-sharer for 21 years, says, “We’re often asked to do five-day weeks. Eventually you just have to say no.”(5)_________________________________Agree in writing arrangements for holidays, parental leave, retirement, etc. Everyone should know where they stand from the beginning.(6)________________________________Do not work until 1 am at home to make up for not being in the office every day. (7)________________________________Clients may not like having to deal with two people working closely together. As Savage says: “A job-share should be like a marriage--one voice, one unit.”C Questions 8--15Directions: Complete each sentence with a suitable preposition, write your answer on the Answer Sheet.8. The lights keep going . We will have to get maintenance to fix them.9. The risk an accident happening is remote.10. Their first aid facilities are cause concern.11. The written document will be useful future reference.12. Concentrate the most significant hazards.13. You should take account members of public who might visit your workplace.14. The accidents resulted in two companies’ cleaners being absent work for 2 days.15. How can such incidents be prevented happening again?五、写作（共 17 分）WritingYou are going to spend holidays in Hawaii in June. Suddenly you received a letter from an important customer, Mr. Elton Deland, who will arrive on 25th June and discuss the claim. You have to delay the trip till July.Directions: Write a short message to Ms. Anne Folster, your secretary.. Explain Why you postpone your trip.. Mention the date when Mr Elton Deland will arrive.. Ask her to arrange your meeting.. Write 30-40words on your Answer Sheet.。
