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白痴译文对比（实用版）目录1.白痴译文的背景介绍2.白痴译文的对比分析3.对比结果与结论正文【1.白痴译文的背景介绍】白痴，原意为智力低下的人，现多用于网络用语，具有一定的贬义。
在网络翻译中，白痴译文指的是那些质量低下、错误百出的翻译作品。
这些译文通常存在语法错误、词汇误用、理解偏差等问题，导致读者难以理解原文的含义。
为了提高翻译质量，我们选取了几个白痴译文进行对比分析。
【2.白痴译文的对比分析】我们选取了以下几个白痴译文进行对比：（1）原文：我喜欢吃苹果。
白痴译文 1：I like eat apple.白痴译文 2：I like to eat apples.（2）原文：他去了医院。
白痴译文 1：He went to hospital.白痴译文 2：He went to see a doctor.（3）原文：这部电影很有趣。
白痴译文 1：This movie is very interesting.白痴译文 2：This movie is funny.通过对比分析，我们发现白痴译文存在以下问题：1.语法错误：如“I like eat apple”中的“eat”应为“to eat”；“He went to hospital”中的“hospital”应为“the hospital”。
2.词汇误用：如“I like to eat apples”中的“apples”应为“apple”；“This movie is very interesting”中的“interesting”应为“funny”。
3.理解偏差：如“He went to see a doctor”与原文的意思相差甚远。
【3.对比结果与结论】通过对比分析，我们可以看出白痴译文在语法、词汇和理解方面存在较大问题。
为了提高翻译质量，译者需要加强对原文的理解，避免出现理解偏差；同时，要注意语法和词汇的正确使用，确保译文的准确性。
从《论读书》三种译文对比看王佐良译文的特色
》
一、总体分析
王佐良的译文《论读书》，翻译的是18世纪英国著名作家及哲学家约翰·史密斯的极为流行的经典作品。
文中描述了读书的重要性，并着重探讨了读书的方法，总结了一般正确的读书方法，同时也强调了读书的重要性及其好处。
王佐良的译文显得流畅，他把史密斯原文精彩的论证思路转换成我们熟悉的中国语言，让整部作品看起来更加生动有趣。
王佐良用语简洁而有力，与史密斯原文保持了最大的一致性，读者读起来也更容易理解。
他保留和传达了原作的宗旨，表达了史密斯深情厚谊，也表达出了他对读书的重视，以及他对尊重和保护书籍的意义。
二、优缺点分析
1、优点
（1）王佐良的译文更准确，在传达原文意思的同时保留了最大的一致性。
（2）译者的语言表达风格生动，让读者更容易理解文章的深层含义。
（3）王佐良译文更能传达史密斯原作的宗旨，表达了他对读书的重视，以及他对尊重和保护书籍的意义。
2、缺点
（1）由于译者的语言表达风格比较浓重，读者需要花费更多的
时间去理解文章的意义，这可能会影响到读者对译文的阅读速度。
（2）有时，王佐良的译文可能会偏离原文的主要意图，增加了读者理解文章的难度。
《一件小事》两种英译文的对比分析短篇小说《一件小事》文章充分体现了鲁迅深刻的写作功底，将其翻译成英语对外介绍非常有意义，因此本文的主要目的是对埃德加?斯诺与杨宪益、戴乃迭的两个英译本在文化特色词与环境描写方面进行对比分析，从而发现两个英译本中的优缺点，供以后对于文章进行再次翻译时的借鉴，同时提高的翻译批评与赏析水平。
为了达到该目的，本文主要采用对比分析的方法进行研究，主要分析了文化特色词以及环境描写的翻译。
关键词：一件小事；文化特色词；环境描写；对比分析一、引言《一件小事》是1919年鲁迅先生所著的短篇小说。
鲁迅，（1881年9月25日一1936年10月19日），浙江绍兴人，原名周树人，字豫才，他以笔名鲁迅而闻名于世。
他是我国著名的思想家、教育家和革命家。
他的作品丰富，包括杂文、小说、诗歌、评论、散文、翻译等，并在这些方面尤其独特的特色与思想。
其中他的短篇小说《一件小事》全文仅一千字左右，是鲁迅小说集《呐喊》中篇幅最小的一篇，也是现代小说中传颂最广的名篇之一，历来在现代文学教材中占有重要的地位。
目前《一件小事》的英译本主要有几个译本，杨宪益、戴乃迭的译本，李明的译本，美国学者威廉?q 莱尔(William A. Lyell)的译本和美国记者埃德加?斯诺(Edgar Snow)的译本。
在译本的选择上，目前进行研宄的主要是李明的译本，杨宪益、戴乃迭的译本和威廉?q莱尔的译本，而对于埃德加?斯诺与其他译本的对比分析还比较少。
因此本文选择对埃德加?斯诺的译本与杨宪益、戴乃迭的译本进行对比分析。
二、背景介绍《一件小事》是鲁迅小说中风格独特的名篇，是现代小说和记叙文写作的典范作品。
主要讲述的是民国六年的冬天，“我”雇了一辆人力车拉我去S门，刚近S 门时跌倒出一个女人。
“我”对老女人漠不关心，而车夫却放下车子，扶起那老女人，走向巡警分驻所。
这件事情让“我”感受到了车夫的善良、质朴与诚实，而我的私心与推诿责任更是显得车夫的形象愈加高大起来的事情，并给“我”留下了很深的印象。
英汉对比分析：英语和汉语在语言运用方面有很多的差异，所以一篇文章，若仅仅秉着忠实于原著的直译原则来翻译，并不能算是一篇成功的译文。
翻译时，除了要遵守忠实原著，语言通顺流畅的原则，同时要兼顾中英语言结构，词义，语言应用，文化等各方面的差异。
下面以文章Microscope 为例，做对比分析。
语言运用的差异：1.英语多被动形式，汉语则一般均为主动形式。
如：“... used to view materials that are too small to be seen by the unaided eye.”译为“……用以观察小得肉眼看不见的东西”而不是译为“被肉眼看不到的东西”同样，“For viewing objects that require still greater enlargement, the electron microscope is used.”亦是如此。
2.表达复杂的意思，英语常用结构很长的各种从句，而汉语则多为短句，并用逗号隔开。
如：“The microscope is an optical device used to view materials that are too small to be seen by the unaided eye.”译为“显微镜是一种光学仪器，用于观察肉眼看不见的微小物质。
”英语用了一句话来介绍显微镜，而汉语则拆分为两个句子。
语言结构的差异：1.英语中一个完整的句子必须是主谓宾齐全，而中文中常常会省略主语。
如：“An optical microscope of good quality can produce magnifications of several thousands of times, but in practice it is employed only for magnifications up to approximately 1000 times.”译为“一台质量好的光学显微镜能够产生数以千倍的放大效果，不过在实际应用中只用来把物体放大到1000倍左右”。
译文对比评析从哪些方面匆匆英译文对比赏析（1）匆匆译文1：Transient Days译文2：Rush（2）燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。
译文1：If swallows go away, they will come back again. If willows wither, they will turn green again. If peach blossoms fade, they will flower again.译文2：Swallows may have gone, but there is a time to return; willow trees may have died back, but there is a time of regreening; peach blossoms may have fallen, but they will bloom again.（3）但是，聪明的，你告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢?——是有人偷了他们罢：那是谁?又藏在何处呢?是他们自己逃走了罢：现在又到了哪里呢?译文1：But, tell me, you the wise, why should our days go by never to return? Perhaps they have been stolen by someone. But who could it be and where could he hide them? Perhaps they have just run away by themselves. But where could they be at the present moment?译文2：Now, you the wise, tell me, why should our days leave us, never to return? ----If they had been stolen by someone, who could it be? Where could he hide them? If they had made the escape themselves, then where could they stay at the moment?（4）我不知道他们给了我多少日子；但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。
《关雎》五种译文之对比分析古诗词英译对比评析：关雎（ju)《关雎》五种译文之对比分析中国是一个诗词大国，悠久的历史孕育了灿烂的文化。
几千年漫长的历史上曾出现过多次文学高峰，有先秦诸子散文、唐诗、宋词、元曲和明清小说，涌现出不少优秀作品。
《诗经》是中国第一部诗歌总集。
任何人提及中国文学，特别是诗家谈诗，必论《诗经》；译家译诗，亦往往以翻译《诗经》而骄傲。
《关雎》是《诗经》的第一首，我们的古诗词译文评析就从《关雎》开始。
先看《关雎》原文：关雎关关雎鸠在河之洲；窈窕淑女君子好逑参差荇菜左右流之；窈窕淑女寤寐求之求之不得寤寐思服；优哉游哉辗转反侧参差荇菜左右采之；窈窕淑女琴瑟友之参差荇菜左右芼之；窈窕淑女钟鼓乐之国内外有很多汉学家和翻译家对《诗经·关雎》进行了英译，如汪榕培、许渊冲、杨宪益夫妇及Burton Watson、James Legge、Arthur Waley等。
在翻译中，译者不仅要在一定程度上忠实于原诗精神，而且还要在诗译中体现原文音、形、意等语言学审美特征，再现原语的文化审美特征以及原文美学思想。
选取Legge、Waley、Bynner、杨宪益夫妇、辜正坤译文一①：Ode (Kwan ts’eu)Tr. LeggeKwan kwan go the ospreys.On the islet in the river,The modest , retiring, virtuous, young lady: ─For our prince a good mate she.Here long, there short, is the duckweed,To the left, to the right, borne about by the current. The modest , retiring, virtuous, young lady: ─Waking and sleeping, he sought her.He sought her and found her not,And waking and sleeping he thought about her. Long he thought; oh! Long and anxiously;On his side, on his back, he turned ,and back again.Here long, there short, is the duckweed；On the left, on the right, we gather it,The modest , retiring, virtuous, young lady: ─With lutes, small and large, let us give her friendly welcome. Here long, there short, is the duckweed；On the left, on the right, we cook and present it.The modest , retiring, virtuous, young lady: ─With bells and drums let us show our delight in her.译文二②：SongTr. Arthur Waley“Fair, fair”, cry the ospreysOn the island in the river.Lively is this noble lady,Fit bride for our lord.In patches grows the water mallow;To left and right one must seek it.Shy was this noble lady;Day and night he sought her.Sought her and could not get her;Day and night he grieved.Long thoughts, oh, long unhappy thoughts,Now on his back, now tossing on to his side.In patches grows the water mallow;To left and right one must gather it.Shy is this noble lady;With great zither and little we hearten her.In patches grows the water mallow;To left and right one must choose it.Shy is this noble lady;With gongs and drums we will gladden her.译文三③：The Pure-Hearted GirlTr. Witter BynnerOn the river-island─The ospreys are echoing usWhere is the pure-hearted girlTo be our princess?Long lotus, short lotus,Leaning with the current,Turns like our prince in his questFor the pure-hearted girl.He has sought and not found her, Awake, he has thought of her,Asleep, he has dreamed of her,Dreamed and tossed in his sleep.Long lotus, short lotus,Pluck it to left and right,And make ready with lutes and with harpsFor the pure-hearted girl.Long lotus, short lotus,Cook it for a welcome,And be ready with bells and with drumsFor the pure-hearted girl.译文四④：Crying OspreysTr. Yang Xianyi & Gladys YangMerrily the ospreys cry,On the islet in the stream.Gentle and graceful is the girl,A fit wife for the gentleman.Short and long the floating water plants,Left and right you may pluck them.Gentle and graceful is the girl,Awake he longs for her and in his dreams.Filled with sorrowful thoughts,He tosses about unable to sleep.Short and long the floating water plants,Left and right you may gather them.Gentle and graceful is the girl,He’d like to wed her, the qin and se1 playing.Short and long the floating water plants,Left and right you may collect them.Gentle and graceful is the girl,He’d like to marry her, bells and drums beating.注1：two traditional chinese musical instruments, rather like the zither, the former has seven strings and the latter twenty-five strings.译文五⑤：OspreysTr. Gu ZhengkunHark! The ospreys merrily callOn the islet off the river shore.The girl is lovely and slenderly tall,Whom the gentleman would adore.The water plants are long and short,Here and there they can be sought;The lovely girl is slenderly tall,Day and night he would her recall.The first courtship comes to bay,He longs for her wildly night and day.The lingering longing grips him tight,He tosses, unable to sleep at night.The water plants are long and short,Here and there they can be caught;The lovely girl with frail appeal,He’ll befriend with zither and zeal.The water plants are long and short,Here and there they can be stored.The lovely girl is slenderly tall,With bells and drums he wins her after all.Legge译标题不用Osprey而用Ode再于括号内加注（Kwan ts’eu），意在使读者将象声词“关关”与下文第一行的Kwan-Kwan联系起来，用心甚苦。
沿着荷塘，是一条曲折的小煤屑路。
这是一条幽僻的路；白天也少有人走，夜晚更加寂寞。
朱纯深：Alongside the lotus pond runs a small cinder footpath. It is peaceful and secluded here, a place not frequented by pedestrians even in the daytime; now at night, it looks more solitary.翻译第一句时作者运用了一个倒装句，并以谓语动词run来连接前后，这种表达方式符合英文表达习惯而且十分地道，并且run 这个动词本身词意丰富，给人一种动感，语义朦胧却又不乏明朗之感，极具感染力。
后半部分中frequent一词也有异曲同工之妙。
Secluded：private and quiet, not used or disturbed by other people 这一词恰恰能够表达出原文中“幽僻”之意，凸显了作者内心的寂寥之情。
Solitary: a solitary person or thing is the only one you ca see in a place 这个词一般用来形容人“形单影只”，而在此译文中被拿来形容“路”的寂寞，有借物抒情之意，可以很好的衬托出原文的韵味。
值得一提的是secluded和solitary这两个词语本真具有的拟声意义（如s,sh等)更能传达出原文中通过摹状词语（“蓊蓊郁郁”等）所表现出的阴沉静谧的情境。
此译本中也有不足之处：忽略了句中“曲折的”一词。
朱纯深先生在遣词造句上力求传达原文的形象美和音乐美，力图追求原文所传达的意境。
他字斟句酌，精心选词，使用了大量常见而且富裕表现力的灵活度很高的小词，运用了许多翻译技巧、句子结构及修辞手法，尽力还原了文章清新自然的风格。
很大程度上做到了“信达切”。
杨宪益、戴乃迭：A cinder - path winds along by the side of the pool. It is off the beaten track and few pass this way even by day, so at night it is still more quiet.wind along 这一短语确切描绘出了小煤屑路的形态即“曲折的”。
Of BeautyVirtue is like a rich stone, best plain set; and surely virtue is best in a body that is comely, though not of delicate features; and that hath rather dignity of presence than beauty of aspect. Neither is it almost seen, that very beautiful persons are otherwise of great virtue; as if nature were rather busy not to err, than in labor to produce excellency. And therefore they prove accomplished, but not of great spirit; and study rather behavior than virtue.But this holds not always:谈美德行犹如宝石，朴素最美；其于人也：则有德者但须形体悦目，不必面貌俊秀，与其貌美，不若气度恢宏。
人不尽知：绝色无大德也；一如自然劳碌终日，但求无过，而无力制成上品。
因此美男子有才而无壮志，重行而不重德。
但亦不尽然。
罗马大帝奥古斯提与泰特思，法王菲律浦，英王爱德华论美善犹如宝石，以镶嵌自然为美；而善附于美者无疑最美，不过这美者倒不必相貌俊秀，只须气度端庄，仪态宜人。
世人难见绝美者兼而至善，仿佛造物主宁愿专心于不出差错，也不肯努力创造出美善兼备之上品。
故世间美男子多有身躯之完美而无精神之高贵，多注重其行而不注重其德。
但此论并非放之四海而皆准，因古罗马皇帝奥说美才德有如宝石，最好是用素净的东西镶嵌。
无疑地，才德如果是在一个容貌虽不姣丽，然而形体闲雅，气概庄严的身体内，那是最好的。
话说宝玉在林黛玉房中说"耗子精"，宝钗撞来，讽刺宝玉元宵不知"绿蜡"之典，三人正在房中互相讥刺取笑。
杨宪益：Pao-yu，as we saw, was in Tai-yu’s room telling her the story about the rat spirits when Pao-chai burst in and teased him for forgetting the “green wax” allusion on the night of the Feast of Lanterns.
霍克斯: We have shown how Bao-yu was in Dai-yu’s room telling her the story of the magic mice; how Bao-Chai burst in on them and twitted Bao-yu with his failure to remember the ‘green wax’ allusion on the night of the Lantern Festival; and how the three of them sat teasing each other with good-humored banter.
对比分析：杨宪益和霍克斯在翻译“耗子精”采用来了不同的处理方法，前者使用了异化”rat spirits”，后者用的是归化法”magic mice”,使用归化法更受英美读者的亲乃。
但是二者同时采用了增译法，增添了the story，原文并没有。
在翻译“宝玉不知绿烛之典”的“不知”，英文1用的是“forgetting”，而译文2用的是“with failure to ”，显然译文2更符合英美的表达习惯。
那宝玉正恐黛玉饭后贪眠，一时存了食，或夜间走了困，皆非保养身体之法。
幸而宝钗走来，大家谈笑，那林黛玉方不欲睡，自己才放了心。
杨宪益：Pao-yu felt relieved as they laughed and made fun of each other, for he had feared that sleeping after lunch might give Tai-yu indigestion or insomnia that night, and so injure her health. Luckily Pao-chai’s arrival and the lively conversation that followed it had woken Tai-yu up.
霍克斯: Bao-yu had been afraid that by sleeping after her meal Dai-yu would give herself indigestion or suffer from insomnia through being insufficiently tired when she went to bed at night, but Bao-chai’s arrival and the lively conversation that followed it banished all Dai-yu’s desire to sleep and enabled him to lay aside his anxiety on her behalf.
对比分析：译文一对原文语序进行了调整，先说了“放心”，再说“担心”，但并不如不调整顺序的逻辑强。
译文二只是用了一个“but”就把原文意思分层了两层，逻辑更加清晰，符合西方人注重逻辑的习惯。
原文中的“谈笑”是动词，而两个译文版本都是译的“the lively conversation”，是名词，体现了汉语重动态，英文重静态的特点。
忽听他房中嚷起来，大家侧耳听了一听，林黛玉先笑道："这是你妈妈和袭人叫嚷呢。
那袭人也罢了，你妈妈再要认真排场她，可见老背晦了。
"
杨宪益：Just then, a commotion broke out in Pao-yu’s apartments and three of th em pricked up their ears.
“It’s your nanny scolding Hai-jen,” announced Tai-yu.
“There’s nothing wrong with Hai-jen, yet your nanny is for ever nagging at her. Old age has befuddled her.”
霍克斯: Just then a sudden commotion arose from the direction of Bao-yu’s room and the three of them stopped talking and turned their heads to listen. Dai-yu was the first to speak:
“That’s your Nannie quarrelling with Aroma,” she said. ‘To think how that poor girl goes out of her way to be nice to the old woman, yet still she manages to find fault with her! She really must be getting senile.
译文对比分析：在翻译“侧耳听了一听”时，前者用了“pricked up their ears.”是中国人的表达习惯，中国自古以来就有“竖耳倾听”这一说话，显然杨宪益采用的是异化法，保留了中国的文化；而后者用的是“turned their heads to listen”，属于归化法，接近译文读者。
“排场”、“老背晦”都是中国独有的说法，二者的译法仍然采用了以上方法，译文一接近原文读者，译文二则是顾及译文读者。
而且二者都同样使用了增译法，原文中并没有转折连词，而两个译文在翻译的时候根据需要都加了“yet”,体现了英文多用连接词，汉语少用或不用连接词的特点。
