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Formative period 形成期
The twentieth year of Emperor Daoguang to the tenth year of Emperor (1840-1860), the with the confluence of Hui opera, Shaanxi opera and Han’s tune, Peking opera was formed with the absorption of Kunqu Opera and Beijing dialect. 道光二十年至咸丰十年间（1840-1860），经 徽戏、秦腔、汉调的合流，并借鉴吸收昆曲、 京腔之长而形成了京剧。
你知道中国戏曲 中哪个戏种被视为 “中国国粹 ”吗？
• As the most popular and influential opera in China, Beijing opera has a history of more than 200 years and is regarded as a genuine national quintessence of China. It originated from many kinds of ancient local operas, especially Huiban in southern China. At the end of the 19th Century, Beijing Opera evolved and took shape, becoming the greatest kind of opera in China.
• 不同于西方戏剧，京剧是综 合型表演艺术，通过唱、念、 做、打这四种基本艺术形式 和技巧, 叙述故事，刻画人 物。
• The characters of Beijing Opera are classified according to sex, age, disposition, profession and social status. The main types of roles in Beijing Opera are sheng (male), dan (female), jing (a male with painted face) and chou (clown, uration stage成熟期
1883—1918
In Xianfeng’s tenth year (1861) Peking opera began to enter the palace for performance. In the ninth year of Guangxu (1883), Ci xi’s 50th birthday, 18 people such as Yang Longshou, Bao Fushan, Zhang Qilin, Cai Fulu, Yan Fuxi and so on were picked out to enter the palace, not only singing, but also teaching skills to the eunuchs as opera teachers
• 京剧是中国流行最广、影响最大的一个剧种， 有着200多年的历史，是地道的中国国粹。它起 源于中国多种古老的地方戏剧，特别是南方的" 徽班"。到了19世纪末，京剧形成并成为中国最 大的戏曲剧种。
• Different from the western dramas, Beijing Opera is a blend of performing arts. Through the four artistic means and the four basic skills of Beijing Opera — singing, recitation, acting, and acrobatic fighting, Beijing Opera completely portrays and narrates the plot and characters.
• 京剧角色根据性别、年龄、性格、职业和社会 地位主要分生（男性）、旦（女性）、净（男 性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行当。
The development of Beijing Opera
京剧的发展
Origin period
Formative period
Maturation stage
Peak period
世界上有三种古老的戏剧文化：
希腊悲剧和喜剧（Greek tragedy and Greek comedy）、印度梵剧（India Opera）、中国戏曲（Chinese opera）
Do You know what kind of Chinese opera drama is regarded as the quintessence of China?
Contents
Contents
01 简介 Introduction 02 望 Look
03 闻 Listen 04 问 Question 05 切 Feel the pulse 06 现代发展 Development 07 词汇 Vocabulary
Small Title Here
Introduction
Origin period起源期
In the Qianlong dynasty, with the development of social economy and the rise of the Kunshan Chamber Opera, Jiangbei and Jiangnan literati and riches began to raise their Family Troupe. The opera troupe raised by the merchant of Huizhou was known as Huiban. 乾隆时期，随着社会经济的发展和戏曲声腔昆 山腔的兴起，江南江北文人士大夫和富商巨贾 纷纷蓄养家庭戏班。长期为某个徽州商人所养 所用的戏曲班社就被外人称为“徽班”。
