从目的论角度浅析新闻标题翻译

Modern Linguistics 现代语言学, 2021, 9(1), 54-59Published Online February 2021 in Hans. /journal/mlhttps:///10.12677/ml.2021.91009目的论视角下新闻标题的英译研究——以《中国日报》公众号双语新闻标题为例陈绮文兰州大学外国语学院，甘肃兰州收稿日期：2020年12月26日；录用日期：2021年1月29日；发布日期：2021年2月8日摘要本文以翻译目的论为理论指导，对比研究英汉新闻标题的特点，发现它们存在一些共同点和不同点。

据此，本文从目的论的“三原则”，即目的原则、连贯原则、忠实原则，分析《中国日报》公众号上的汉英新闻标题，发现新闻标题的英译必须忠实于汉语的新闻内容，译文要做到用词简洁和表达准确，才能方便外国读者快速理解新闻主旨。

关键词新闻标题，目的论，汉英翻译，《中国日报》公众号，双语新闻标题A Study on English Translationof News Headlines from thePerspective of Skopos Theory—Taking the Bilingual News Headlines on China Daily’s WechatAccount as ExampleQiwen ChenSchool of Foreign Languages and Literatures, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou GansuReceived: Dec. 26th, 2020; accepted: Jan. 29th, 2021; published: Feb. 8th, 2021AbstractBased on Skopos Theory, this paper makes a comparative study of the features of English and陈绮文Chinese news headlines and finds that they have similarities and differences. This paper analyzes Chinese and English news headlines from the Wechat account of China Daily from the three prin-ciples of Skopos Theory, namely, the skopos rule, coherence rule and fidelity rule. It is found that the translation of news headlines must be faithful to the news content in Chinese with concise words and accurate expressions, so foreign readers can understand the gist of the news imme-diately.KeywordsNews Headline, Skopos Theory, Chinese-English Translation, China Daily’s Wechat Account, Bilingual News HeadlineThis work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0)./licenses/by/4.0/1. 引言新闻标题是以最精练的文字将新闻中最重要、最新鲜的内容提示给读者，从而吸引读者阅读。

第11卷第16期Vol.11 No.1653基金项目：本论文为“中国古都天下大同”城市形象与外宣翻译规范化研究成果，项目编号：2018Q20目的论视角下英语新闻标题翻译策略研究武建萍，王燕芳（山西大同大学，山西 大同 037009）摘要：新闻标题翻译对新闻本身有很大的影响，其质量会影响读者对新闻感兴趣的程度。

本文将英语新闻的标题翻译作为研究主题，从目的论视角出发，采用增译、改译和拆译的方法，分析英语新闻标题的汉译方法。

旨在通过这些策略给译者提供建议，实现翻译的目的；为读者准确地传达新闻信息，达到新闻传播的目的。

关键词：目的论；英语新闻标题；翻译策略中图分类号：H315.9 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-8883（2020）16-0053-02新闻是日常生活中最重要的信息来源。

在完整地阅读一篇新闻前，大多数读者都会先浏览新闻标题，因此新闻标题要新颖，要能够吸引读者的眼球。

英语新闻的标题遵循的翻译理论逐渐成为翻译领域的学者们争相讨论的热门话题。

目的论为翻译论文提供了新的视角，为译者在翻译过程中采用的翻译方法提供了理论基础［1］，在新闻翻译传播信息的过程中具有现实意义和指导作用。

一、新闻标题的特点首先，作为新闻的中心，新闻标题要总结新闻的核心内容，因此标题与内容必须高度一致，这是标题应具备的最基本的特点。

其次，新闻标题要遵循表意准确、突出到位的原则。

表意准确是指标题表达的含义要精准到位，避免模棱两可、含糊其辞，态度要鲜明，要通过对新闻事实和文字的选择及表现方式的运用表达作者的态度。

突出到位是指标题应突出新闻的重点内容，恰到好处地陈述新闻事实。

再次，新闻标题应该让读者在最短的时间内获取最多的信息量，出彩的新闻标题一般都具有简洁、易懂的特点。

简洁明了的标题可以让读者迅速明白新闻的主要信息。

好的新闻标题可以用最少的字词或最短的句子表现新闻主题，做到言简意赅。

最后，新闻标题的逻辑性要强，恰当安排新闻标题的逻辑关系，除了可以将新闻的主要内容多层次、多角度地呈现出来，还可使读者了解新闻事实，进而发挥其作用。

目的论视角下的新闻翻译研究新闻翻译是一种特殊的语言翻译，有着自身的特点和要求。

新闻翻译的基本原则是在翻译过程中保证足够的精准性，关注翻译内容的实时性和准确性。

新闻翻译可以说是一种既看到形式又看到内容的语言翻译，这是一种拿形式去换取含义，以及改变消息传递方式的技术手段，被用作替代新闻传播的重要方式。

本文主要以目的论视角去研究关于新闻翻译，研究新闻翻译中翻译意图、翻译目标以及新闻翻译应该遵循的相关准则。

新闻翻译的本质是传播新闻，所以，其最基本的原则就是翻译的文本要能够传达原文的信息，确保消息的准确性。

在新闻翻译中，翻译时应考虑以下几个方面：首先，要注意客观性，必须保持原文的原貌，不添加偏见和见解，例如，在翻译新闻报道中，应保持对事件的客观性，避免有形式主义性的翻译；其次，要考虑准确性，确保翻译的词语准确；第三，要注重实时性，避免出现过时的表达，新闻翻译的语言要力求简洁，焦点要放在新闻报道的重要信息上，力求及时表达最新的信息；最后，要考虑风格，新闻翻译的语言要确保简洁、明快、流畅，确保读者能够清楚地理解新闻报道的内容。

此外，在新闻翻译中，翻译者还需要重视文本的文化背景，特别是当前社会文化环境中的影响。

翻译者需要重视新闻翻译的文化内涵，并确保原文信息在译文中得到充分表达。

新闻翻译传播的信息不仅仅是文本，更是文化信息，因此，翻译者必须通过深入分析文章的文化背景和历史背景，认真选择文本中的信息，有效地运用文本的文化技巧，努力把握语言和文化的脉络，才能将有效的信息传达给读者。

另外，新闻翻译的受众很重要，翻译者必须考虑读者的文化背景，以便确保文章的可读性。

以更多的文学技巧和文化投入，使原文传达的信息能够在新语境中得到有效表达。

此外，我们也应该重视新闻翻译中的翻译意图，即根据翻译者的翻译意图，选择合适的词语，使其能够在新的语境中有效实现原文的目的。

以上就是以目的论视角对新闻翻译的研究，新闻翻译的核心是在客观性、实时性、准确性和风格这几个方面做出具体的要求，翻译者还应考虑文化背景和翻译意图，把握文本的文化脉络，使其能够传达有效的信息。

目的论视角下的新闻翻译研究本文旨在从目的论视角研究新闻翻译，以期得出更多有效的翻译方法和策略，以满足情境特定的语言应用需求。

首先，本文将概述目的论的基本理念，并简要讨论该理论对新闻翻译的影响。

其次，文章将探讨情境对新闻翻译的影响，包括新闻传播的影响，以及跨文化传播的影响。

最后，本文将提出一些结论，总结新闻翻译的有效策略和方法。

从事新闻翻译的译者面临着非常复杂的情境，因此在翻译过程中，他们既要保持原文的语义内涵，又要尽量保留其原有语义。

因此，采用目的论对新闻翻译进行研究十分重要。

目的论是一种主张，它强调语言的用途，也就是说，语言的使用是为了实现特定的目的。

目的论的核心价值观以实用为导向，强调语言的使用是为了解决问题，同时它也把语言理解为策略，倾向于悬挂概念，而不是单纯机械地将一语翻译成另一语。

目的论视角下的新闻翻译，首先要考虑新闻传播的影响，即新闻传播需要在有限的时间和空间内尽可能多地传播信息，以便传达有效的新闻内容。

翻译人员在翻译过程中，需要注意到读者的语言水平，不能造成读者的困扰。

为了突出新闻的内容，他们需要突出重点，并以最简明的语言清晰地传达新闻内容。

再者，在翻译新闻内容时，也要注意跨文化背景的影响。

译者需要尊重非本文化背景的新闻读者的文化价值，以用最恰当的文化语言将新闻内容表达出来，使得新闻读者能够更容易理解。

综上所述，目的论对新闻翻译有着深远的影响。

译者必须充分考虑新闻传播的影响和跨文化背景的影响，充分考量语言的使用目的，以及不同文化背景群体所持有的文化价值，最终才能够更完美地实现新闻翻译。

同时，译者必须灵活运用各种翻译策略和方法，并以简明的语言恰当传达信息，才能做到以实用的方式实现新闻翻译的目的。

目的论视角下新闻标题汉译英研究内容
研究背景：新闻标题是新闻的入口和窗口，是新闻传播的第一道关卡。

良好的标题能够吸引读者的注意力，传达新闻要素，引起读者阅读兴趣，提高新闻传播效果。

因此，研究新闻标题的翻译策略具有重要的现实意义和理论价值。

研究目的：本研究旨在从目的论视角出发，探讨新闻标题的汉译英翻译策略，分析不同类型的新闻标题所涉及的翻译技巧和方法，为新闻翻译提供参考和借鉴。

研究方法：本研究采用文本分析法和实证研究法相结合的方法，从语言学、文化学和传播学等多个角度对新闻标题的汉译英翻译进行分析和比较，并基于实例进行深入探讨。

研究内容：本研究将从以下几个方面对新闻标题的汉译英进行研究：
1.新闻标题的基本特点和功能：分析新闻标题的特点，探讨其在新闻传播中的功能。

2.目的论视角下的新闻标题汉译英翻译策略：从信息传递、文化适应、语言表达等多个角度出发，提出新闻标题的翻译策略。

3.不同类型新闻标题的翻译实例分析：以政治、经济、体育、娱乐等不同类型的新闻标题为例，分析其汉译英的翻译技巧和方法。

4.新闻标题的跨文化翻译问题：探讨新闻标题在跨文化翻译中的问题和挑战，提出相应的解决策略。

结论：通过本研究的分析和探讨，可以为从事新闻翻译工作的人
员提供一定的指导和参考，提高新闻翻译的质量和效果。

同时，本研究还可以为深入探讨新闻传播、跨文化交际等领域提供借鉴和启示。

目的论视角下的新闻翻译研究近年来，翻译研究已经成为一个广泛而复杂的学科，尤其是新闻翻译。

作为一种文化转换活动，新闻翻译是一种可以实现文化跨越、把信息传递至世界各地的重要活动。

新闻翻译是一种需要翻译者采用多种技术和技能的非常复杂的过程，它将文本从原文语言转换为目的文语言，从而使目的读者能够理解原文信息。

由于新闻翻译要求翻译者精确而又准确地传达原文信息，翻译者在新闻翻译过程中面临着与文本内容和语言有关的技术问题。

为了在新闻翻译过程中解决这些技术问题，学者和翻译者开始使用受目的论影响的翻译理论，也就是将文本从原文语言转换为目的文语言的过程。

目的论把重点放在最终的翻译产品的读者，认为新闻翻译应该以最大限度地传达原文信息，使目的读者可以理解原文信息。

目的论是以源语言文本到目的语言文本转化为基础的翻译理论，它强调翻译者应该将落实新闻翻译中的内容和语言技巧，以便以最大可能性实现原文信息的准确和完整传达。

因此，新闻翻译者应该根据目的读者的要求重新组织原文信息，以便达到最佳的理解效果。

目的论认为，新闻翻译应该以目的读者的文化背景和语言能力为根据，根据目的读者的需求，采用多种不同的翻译策略，满足目的读者的信息需求。

具体地说，新闻翻译者应该考虑翻译的文本类型、语言特点以及文本的目的读者的文化背景等因素，才能确保新闻翻译的准确性和可读性。

新闻翻译中必须考虑到语言特点，即翻译者必须考虑语言之间的差异，如语言结构、词汇、句式、表达习惯以及文化差异等因素。

这个过程可以划分为两个步骤：翻译者必须首先把原文中的信息转换成目的语言，其次，再考虑语言特点，如词汇、语法、句式使用以及文化差异等，确保原文信息的准确性、完整性和可读性。

此外，新闻翻译者应该尽可能准确地表达原文意图，把原文信息传达给目的读者。

新闻翻译者应该采用一定的策略，把原文信息转换成目的语言；这个策略必须考虑文本类型、语言特点、语义表达、文化特征等因素，以实现新闻翻译的准确和可读性。

从目的论角度浅析新闻标题翻译摘要：信息时代，新闻是国际交流的主要方式之一，其翻译能增进各国的相互了解，因此新闻翻译非常重要。

而读者阅读时，往往先看标题，醒目的标题可以迅速吸引读者的注意力，只有读者继续看下去，才能实现这篇新闻的价值。

标题是新闻的重要部分之一，同时也发挥着传递信息的重要作用。

因此其翻译质量非常重要。

该论文从目的论出发，对新闻标题翻译译进行了研究，阐明了目的论的三原则，并提到了选择目的论作为本篇理论的原因。

该论文结合最近发生的实例新闻论证新闻标题的词汇和语法的运用特征，以及翻译策略具体情况的使用。

最后总结全文，指出本身局限性，望其他研究者能对英新闻标题汉译研究有更好成就，从而为提高国内翻译人员的汉译质量做贡献。

关键词：目的论；新闻；标题；汉译前言本研究以目的论为基础，探讨新闻标题的翻译。

本文首先对新闻的定义和分类进行了探讨，并介绍了目的论以及选择目的论的原因。

其次，我们从字词，句法层次上进行分析，在此基础上，探讨了标题的翻译策略。

翻译策略则包含了语义翻译和交际翻译。

我们可以得到每种翻译策略的例子。

最后得出结论,并对该翻译研究提出意见。

一、新闻介绍和新闻标题的功能（一）新闻介绍新闻是指报纸、电台、电视台、互联网等媒体经常使用的记录与传播信息的一种文体。

是记录社会、传播信息、反映时代的一种文体。

新闻的分类有很多种，笔者将其简单地分为软新闻和硬新闻两部分。

软新闻是人类情感、兴趣和生活方式的反映。

它包括科学文章、每日新闻和有趣的摘要。

硬新闻是指严肃而重要的话题新闻。

总的来说，软新闻关注的是人们的情感反思，而硬新闻则更多地关注客观事件本身和时间意识。

通过内容分类，则有经济新闻、文化新闻、战争新闻、体育新闻、政治新闻等。

（二）新闻标题的功能英语新闻标题是新闻中最重要的部分之一。

标题是新闻的灵魂，只有醒目的标题才能实现新闻的价值。

因此，英语新闻标题的汉译在国际新闻传播中起着非常重要的作用。

摘要英语新闻标题具有吸引读者、总结事件、提供参考、确立新闻基调等功能。

目的论视角下新闻标题汉译英研究内容
本文旨在以目的论的视角研究新闻标题汉译英的问题，探讨汉英翻译中存在的问题及其原因，并提出一些有效的翻译方法和技巧，以提高新闻标题汉译英的质量和准确性。

研究方法：
本研究采用文献资料和实例分析相结合的方法，通过分析新闻标题的语言特点、翻译理论和实践等方面，探讨新闻标题汉译英过程中存在的问题，并提出可行的翻译方法和技巧。

研究内容：
1.新闻标题的语言特点
新闻标题是新闻报道中最为重要的组成部分之一，具有简洁、准确、突出主题等特点。

汉英翻译中应当尽量保留新闻标题的语言特点，以确保翻译的质量和准确性。

2.新闻标题汉译英存在的问题
汉英翻译中，由于语言和文化的差异，新闻标题的翻译常常存在词义不准确、语法错误、表达不完整等问题。

这些问题的产生主要是由于翻译者对新闻标题的语言特点和文化内涵理解不够深入，以及翻译技巧的不足。

3.新闻标题的翻译方法和技巧
为了解决新闻标题汉译英中存在的问题，翻译者应当采用一些有效的翻译方法和技巧。

比如，可以采用意译、借词、译音、译义等方法，以达到准确表达新闻标题的目的。

此外，翻译者还应该关注语法
和词汇的准确性，确保翻译的语言流畅和易于理解。

结论：
新闻标题汉译英是一项重要的翻译工作，必须注意其语言特点和文化内涵，避免词义不准确、语法错误、表达不完整等问题的产生。

通过采用一些有效的翻译方法和技巧，可以提高新闻标题汉译英的质量和准确性。

目的论视角下的英语新闻标题汉译发表时间：2020-12-17T03:22:44.922Z 来源：《教育学文摘》2020年12月总第357期作者：黄培鑫[导读] 新闻的标题、导语和主体等各部分在内容和形式上各具特色，其中新闻标题可以总结为“概括性”和“可读性”两大特点。

广东科技学院广东东莞523083摘要：本文以翻译目的论为理论基础，分析了新闻标题的特点及套译法和创译法在新闻标题翻译中的应用。

关键词：目的论新闻标题汉译一、新闻标题特点英语新闻在长期的发展过程中形成了自己独特的文体特点。

新闻的标题、导语和主体等各部分在内容和形式上各具特色，其中新闻标题可以总结为“概括性”和“可读性”两大特点。

1.概括性。

为了节省版面，新闻标题往往高度凝练、简明扼要，以求在第一时间给读者传递新闻报道关键信息。

因此，新闻标题通常采用一些独特的手法，如省略、时态、语态、标点符号的特殊功能和新闻词汇等。

例如一则题为OurCrowd to set up $50 million digital health fund的新闻，新闻标题采用动词不定式表达将来的意义，并省略了不定冠词，表达简洁凝练，同时又涵盖了新闻要素中的新闻主体who(OurCrowd)和新闻事件what(set up $50 million digital health fund )，读者浏览标题便已经掌握了该新闻的主要内容。

2.可读性。

史学冬认为，新闻标题是新闻报道的“眼睛”和“窗户”，简洁而有创意的新闻标题通常能够给读者留下深刻的印象；读者在读完新闻后即使不记得内容细节，但是新闻标题却能够持久地留存在读者的脑海中。

因此，新闻记者往往综合采用多种技巧，以期为读者带来独特的阅读体验。

以一则报道学生PISA成绩堪忧的新闻为例。

该新闻的标题为：Why Yoni and Yael can’t do math？标题独辟蹊径，抛出问题，一下子引起了读者的兴趣。

二、创译法和套译法的理论依据目的论解决了关于直译与意译、归化与异化的长久之争，为新闻标题的翻译提供了理论依据。

摘要日益频繁的国际交流使得大量的信息需要新闻翻译来传达的,新闻标题是新闻的灵魂,压缩了大量的信息。

很长时间,许多理论家和译者认为equivalence-oriented翻译理论为翻译标准。

然而,自1970年代以来面向功能的方法已经成为一个有影响力的理论, 与此同时equivalence-oriented翻译理论遭到质疑和批评。

目的论是功能主义最重要的翻译理论并开始在翻译领域发挥指导作用。

但在语用翻译,反面，仍然不是新闻翻译主要规则。

因此,本文旨在目的论来指导新闻标题的翻译同时丰富目前的相关研究。

关键词新闻标题；目的论；翻译Abstract With the increasingly frequent international exchanges, a large number of information needs to be conveyed by news translation. And news headlines, as the soul of news, compressing large amount of information.For long time, many theorists and translators has regarded the equivalence-oriented translation theory as the criteria for good translation. However, since 1970s function-oriented approach has emerged as an influential theory and the equivalence-oriented translation theory stared to be questioned and criticized. Skopostheorie(目的论) is one of the most important translation theories on functionism. The skopos theory begin to play a role in pragmatic translation but it still not the major rule in news translation. Therefore,this paper aims based on the Skopos Theory to guide the translation of news headlines and to enrich the present related study.Key Words News Headlines; Skopostheorie; translationContents1. Introduction (1)1.1 Background of the Research (1)1.2 The Origin of Skopostheorie (1)1.3 The Development and Perfection of Skopostheorie (1)1.4 Basic Rules of Skopostheorie (2)1.4.1 Skopos Rules (2)1.4.2 Coherence Rules (3)1.4.3 Fidelity Rules (3)2. Study on News Headlines (4)2.1 Definition of News Headlines (4)2.2 Functions of News Headlines (4)2.2.1 Informative Function (4)2.2.2 Aesthetic Function (4)2.3 Features of News Headlines (5)2.3.1 Lexical Features (5)2.3.2 Syntactic Features (5)2.3.3 Rhetorical Features (6)3. Research on News Headlines Translation at home and abroad (7)4. Application of Skopostheorie in English News Headline Translation (8)5. Conclusion (10)References (12)Acknowledgements (13)1. Introduction1.1 Background of the ResearchWith the increasingly frequent international exchanges, a large number of information needs to be conveyed by news translation. And news headlines, as the soul of news, compressing large amount of information, including a person's habits, preferences and cultural background, therefore, require our correct understanding and proper translation for them.Although currently there exist many well- translated news headlines, the translation quality in China still calls for more improvement for quite a few translations are far from satisfactory. To some degree, no satisfactory guiding theory has been involved. Therefore, this paper aims based on the Skopos Theory to guide the translation of news headlines and to enrich the present related study.1.2 The Origin of SkopostheorieIn Germany static linguistic typologies of translation in the 1970s and 1980s moved the to functionalists and communicative to the analysis of translation.(Munday 2001：73)．And German scholars changed their focus from rigorous linguistics to dynamic functio nalism in translation studies which are called the”Germany School of functional theories of translation. Functionalism is a type of cover term for the scholars who advocate that the most important yardstick for any translation is whether it has realize the purpose of the target text (Munday 2001：78). Functionalist theory is a main change from linguistic equivalence to functional purpose.1.3 The Development and Perfection of SkopostheorieIn the 1970 s, the functionalist translation theory derived from Germany. Its development has gone through the following four stages.The first stage: Katharina Reiss．, first introduce the functional category of translation criticism, rice will language features, types and translation strategy, developed on the basis of the relationship between the source text and the translation functio n mode of translation criticism, so as to put forward the idea the functionalist theory.Les think the ideal translation should be a comprehensive communication, namely in the conceptual content, language form and communicative function are equivalent to the original, but inpractice should give priority to the translation of functional characteristics.The second stage: Hans J．V ermeer proposed the skopos theory and made the translation studies break away from the bondage of the original text.The theory holds that based on the original translation is a behavior with purpose and results and this behavior must be accomplished through consultation. Meanwhile, translation must follow a series of rules, among which the skopos rule tops the list.In other words, the translation depends on the purpose.In addition, the translation must also follow the “intralingual coherence rule” as well as "interlingual coherence rule".The former refers to the translation must be coherent and understandable to the receiver and the latter refers to there should be the consistency between the translation and the original. According to these three princ iples put forward, the yardstick of translation is no longer "equivalence", but the adequacy of achieving anticipated purpose.V ermeer also puts forward the concept of translation appointment, which means that it is the translator who is supposed to decide whether, when and how to complete the translation work.That is to say, the translator should according to different purpose adopts corresponding translation strategies, and shall have the right to according to the translation purpose decide what original content can keep in the translation and what need to be adjusted or modified.The third stage: Justa Holz-Mgnttgri:Theory of Translational Action. His translation theory regards translation as being driven by purpose and the translation is result-oriented and affected by interpersonal interaction. The theory further develops the functionalist translation and has much common with and finally fuses with skopos theory of vermeer.The fourth stage: Christiane Nord：Improved Skopostheorie.Christiane Nord made a comprehensive summing-up of functionalist theory. He was first one to adopt English system to elaborate on the internal and external factors which should be taken into account when analyzing the text in translation and how to based on the original functions formulated translation strategies meeting the translation purpose. Besides,Nord sorted out various schools of functionalism and put forward that the translation should follow the guidelines of "function and loyalty"to perfect the theory.1.4 Basic Rules of Skopostheorie1.4.1 Skopos RulesSkopos is a Greek word for……purpose”.The term of Skopos originates from the Greek word "Skopos” and usually refers to the purpose of translation..In addition to the Skopos, vermeer also used the related words, such as “aim”, “purpose", "intention" and "function” In order to avoid confusion, Nords proposes the distinction between “ intention” and “function”. "intention" is defined from the viewpoint of the sender, while"function" refers to the text function and is jointly determined by the recipient's expectations, needs, knowledge and environmental conditions.Skopos theory argues that first principle all translation activities should follow is the “skopos rule”. In other word, the translation should be understandable to the receivers in the target language context and culture with the receivers‟ anticipated way. To a large extent,the purpose of translation determines the whole process of the translation behavior, namely the decision method.But the translation activities can have multiple purposes, which can be further divided into three categories: (1) the basic purpose of the translator (such as making a living);(2) the purpose of communication; (3) the use of a particular translation means to achieve the purpose (. However, generally, "purpose" refers to the communicative purpose of the translation.Therefore, the translator should be clear about its specific purpose in a given contexta.1.4.2 Coherence RulesCoherence rule refers to the translation must conform to the intra - textual coherence standards, that is say the translation must be readable and acceptable and allows the receiver to understand. At the same time, the translation makes sense in target language context and culture.In light of V ermeer, source language text and target language text are taken as all “offer of information”，from which receivers choose what they think significant and meaningful．When applied to translation, this concept can be understood in a way that‘‘a target text is also an offer of information but formulated by a translator in a target culture and language. (Reiss and V ermeer 1984：67).1.4.3 Fidelity RulesFidelity Rule is put forward by Nord. She found that skopos theory have two defects: first of all, due to differences in cultural pattern, people from different culturalbackgrounds have different opinions on good translation; In addition, if the the communicative purpose of “skopos rule” goes against original author's intentions, it is probable we will choose to observe “skopos rule” but violate the principle of fidelity. Therefore, Nords came up with that fidelity rule to solve cultural differences as well as the relationship of participants in the translating activities. Nord believes that the translators have moral responsibility for the recipients and must explain to them what they do and the reason for doing this,which is one part of the loyalty rule. The other part is that the translator is required to loyal to the original author, which means a translator should respect the original author, coordinate with the target language and the author intention.(Nord, 2001).2.Study on News Headlines2.1 Definition of News HeadlinesNews headlines appear in the front of the news to generalize or evaluate the news content. the font size is larger than the body, whose function is to divide, organize, reveal, evaluate news content, and attract readers. News headlines according to different classification standards can be classified into different types, including theme,eyebrow head, subtitle, inserted head, side head, tail head.2.2 Functions of News Headlines2.2.1 Informative FunctionFor newspapers and magazines, headline is always the most important element on a page. It does occupy a prominent position in news for its irreplaceable functions.The newspaper headline tells what, who, where, when and how are about the events. Headline can set up a bridge between the readers and the information the author intend to convey.2.2.2 Aesthetic Functionan attractive headline can not only improve the readers‟ understanding of the news but also catch the readers‟ eyes at first sight. The headline to an article is what the wrapping paper to the chocolate. Once the readers see the headline, they will be induced to know the taste of the paper, to explore w hat‟s inside the body behind the headline.2.3 Features of News Headlines2.3.1 Lexical FeaturesGenerally speaking, the diction of news headline is always concise and comprehensive. Short and simple words, initials, abbreviations and coinages are usually employed. In light of the function of the headlines, headlines should be simple, attractive and highlighted. In terms of lexical features, English news headlines are mainly divided into the following types.2.3.1.1 Short WordsShort words are often used in English language newspaper headlines, which, on the one hand can avoid being wordy; and ,on the other hand, can be that are more understandable to readers.(1) World Eyes Mid-East World Talks (eyes=watches ,observes)(2) Britain Charges 16-Y ear-Old with Murder in Riots2.3.1.2 AbbreviationsAbbreviation is widely used in English. Abbreviation is made of the shortened form of some words with many letters.there are three types of abbreviation,namely clipped words, initialism,and acronyms.E.g: 1.Clipped words（缩略词）Calif. Judge Orders Enron to Hand over Documents (Calif.=California)2. Initialism (首字母缩略词)WTC Flag Returned to Delegation (WTC=the World Center NY=New Y ork)3.Acronyms(首字母缩略词)APEC=Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation2.3.1.3 Journalistic CoinagesThat two or more words are combined into a newly invented word or phrase is called coinages, which are usually created by omitting several syllables among them, connecting them into one coherently. Coinages can add delight and creativity to draw reader‟s eyes.E.g.:newscast=news+broadcast.2.3.2 Syntactic Features2.3.2.1OmissionIn a bid to realize syntactical conciseness, it is easy to find omission in the news headlines to highlight the main idea.Preposition, conjunction and pronoun are often left out. In addition, some substantives words such as noun,verb can be occasionally omitted.E.g: Italian Ex-mayor Murdered(=An Italian Ex-mayor Was Murdered) (Omitting article and relative verbs)Forecast of Mexican Quake Accurate ,But ignored(=The Forecast of Mexican Quake Is Accurate, But It Is Ignored) (Omitting article ，relative and pronoun)2.3.2.2 Tensesthe present tense and past ten are usually used in the news headlines. Infinitive and participles also frequently appear in the news headings.2.3.2.3 V oicesActive voice is widely used in headlines, for it can make headlines more attractive and vivid. Although passive voice are occasionally used, the auxiliary “be” is often omitted .E.g.: (1) Scandal spate deprives charities of donations (China daily, August 27, 2011)2.3.2.4 PunctuationsAs we all know, punctuations are hardly found in headlines. Punctuations merely emerge in the two situations. First, they are used to save space. English newspapers are published in the limited space, requiring the title refined, so the use of punctuations can sometimes save some words. Second, the use of punctuations in headlines can arouse the readers‟ attention or curiosity. Totally speaking, there are quite many punctuations used in headlines, such as comma, colon, parentheses, dash, quotation marks and so on. Here I would like to summarize them separately as follows.2.3.3 Rhetorical FeaturesGood news headlines are like a window, through which we are able to sense the soul of news.. An appealing news title can leave deeper impression on readers. news reports usually take advantage of various rhetoric such as metaphor, personification, pun, metonymy, irony, antithesis, and so on so as to motivate readers‟ appetite when reading thetitle. These rhetorical methods can present the information more effectively and enable the news headlines outstanding and unique.3. Research on News Headlines Translation at home and abroadUntil now, some scholars from home and abroad have made related studies in the translation of news headlines.Many scholars abroad explore the problem from different aspects. Through a lot of translation practices, Indian scholar R. M. K. Sinha (2006) raised some useful translation strategies in solving the problem of translating news headlines from English to Hindi. First, one needs to make a classification to different news headlines. Second, one begins to translate the headlines through their extended forms.Ennis (2006) believes in news headlines translation, the translation of intertextuality should be emphasized, because inter textual references are often used in the headlines. He tries to propose some strategies in this perspective to express the similar implication in target language. He also argues that some parts of the source langua ge text should be retained in translation, which is know as transliteration approach. Ono (2006) raises another way for the translation through machine to solve the problem through through completing the abbreviations and acronyms. Then through the parallel corpus the target words are able to be chosen through similar reports.In recent years, more and more Chinese scholars also begin to focus on the problem. Chen Huilin (2007) analyzes the headline translation through the use of V erschueren's theory which requires to translate under both communicative context and linguistic context.Zhu Y an (2007) uses the relevance theory to analyze the translation. As one ways of cross cultural communication, translator should select optimal strategies in translating through relevance and cognitive contexts.Liao Zhiqin (2006) analyzes the features of the news headlines in English, and concludes most of them show characters of briefness, humor, expressiveness. He concludes three strategies, including equivalence, expansion and deletion. By use of Peter Newmark 's news headlines translation, Li Y ong (2005) holds that communicativetranslation should be used for expressing actual information, while semantic translation is used for keeping literary and cultural characteristics.From the literature review above, it can be seen that many scholars have tried to summarized the characters of news headlines from linguistic perspective. Although many scholars of home and abroad raise some strategies with the help of translation theories, most of the studies are not systematic and deep enough. Also, many scholars propose their own strategies for the translation, but in fact there is no consistent answer for the strategies.4. Application of Skopostheorie in English News Headline TranslationAccording to Skopostheorie, every translator should keep the purpose in mind before the translation, and the translator mush also keep it clear who are the expected receivers and their communicative needs. Different translation has different target readers, so translation is required to produce a text in a target situation for a given purpose and target addressees in target environment.(V ermeer,1987a：29)In the Skopos rule,the the importance of SL text is much lessened, and the SL text is regarded as information offer. It is the purpose that determines how to translate the SL text, what to be translated and what kinds of strategies to be adopted in the practice. According to the coherence role, the TL text should be understandable in target reade rs‟ communicative situation and culture. Ad for fidelity rule, the translator should be loyal to the SL text and the target language. The three rules focus on translator's initiative and creativity.Skopostheorie furnishes us with a theoretical guidance for translation of news headlines. As is mentioned above, the purpose of translating news headlines is conveying to the contents and information of the news to the readers in the target culture. First of all, information of the headline should be appropriately presented to the readers, which needs loyalty in the course of translation. secondly, in order to attract the target readers‟ attention, the translator must consider the target culture and custom in the translated text. In brief, translation of news headlines based on Skopostheorie is supposed to be a fidelity "re-creation".for translating news headlines in a more effective way, a rational process of translating news headlines is offered and tells us how to translate news headlines base on the guidance of Skopostheorie.This process consists of there steps The first step is to read and reorganize the original headline. The translator should thoroughly understand the news. Through doing this, the translator can get the general idea of the news, analyzing the contents and comments, summarizing the major facts of original news, and finally reorganize the headline. In the second step, trial translation is carried out. The translator tries to adopt various translation strategies or methods to produce a trial target news headline based on the facts extracted in the first step. The last step is modification or perfection of the tentative target headline. After the trial translation, the tentative target headline is formed, thereby readjusting of the tentative target headline is required in light of skopos rule, coherence rule and fidelity rule. An expected news headline is supposed to conform with the target culture, be aesthetically attractive to tempt the target readers.The tree steps in fact are not necessary to strictly follow step by step. The order can be changed according to specific situation. The three steps can be combined together or the cultural distinctions, aesthetic feeling and emotion evoking can be taken into account during trail translation. In these senses, trial translation and readjustment are combined into one step. Let's take a hard news headline as an example to explore this process.“U.S. President Obama arrives Shanghai for his first state visit to China"(1) Reading source news and acquiring the main ideaThis news is related to U.S. President Obama‟s state visit to China. It is President Obama's first time to come to China, giving this visit a historical significance and draws the attention around the world.After reading the news, the translator is able to get the general idea of the news and focus on the key information: U.S. President Obama reached Shanghai for his state visit to China, and this is his first time to China.(2) Trial translationAfter get the general idea of the news, the translator try utilize the information toproduce a trial target news headline form the original headline：“美国总统奥巴马到达上海开始访问中国”. This is only a trial translation and needs further modification and adjustment.(3) ModificationThis is the last step in translating a hard news headline. Based on trial translation, the translated headline need further readjustment. This readjustment will be conducted based on the skopos rule, coherence rule and fidelity rule.Shanghai is called “HU”(沪）for short, so in the trial translation, “shanghai”（上海）can be replaced by “HU”（沪）, which can make the headline more shorter and acceptable for Chinese readers.In addition, the translation in the trial translation only shows that Obama reaches China and starts his state visit to this China, yet misses a very important information that it is his first state visit to China, which can the core point attracting target readers, thus, it should be never forgotten in the translated headline. furthermore, the translation title should try to use short words. Therefore, final headline is “美国总统奥巴马抵沪开始对中国进行首次国事访问”.5. ConclusionThis chapter examines some basic ideas of the skopos theory, and it is intended to lay a theoretical foundation for the English news headline translation. Many researchers have made a lot of theoretical and practical studies on this. However, only a few studies are conducted in economic news headline translation. the purpose of economic news translation is to satisfy the target readers, according to the skopos theory, the translator can apply some flexible strategies to satisfy the receivers' purpose and needs of reading. The source text is not that important and the translation should be reader-oriented. In this paper, the author based on the skopos rules and its features puts forward a feasible translation process of news headline for the purpose of guiding the translation. The process is divided into three steps: reading and understanding the whole news, trial translation and modification of the trial translation.References[1] Bell, R. T. The Language of News Media [M]. Qxford: Blackwell Publisher, 1991.[2] Evans, H. News Headlines—An Illustrated Guide [M]. London: Morrison & GibbLtd., 1974.[3] Munday, J. Introducing translation studies: theories and applications[M].London andNew York: Routledge, 2001.[4] Bell, R. T. The Language of News Media [M]. Qxford: Blackwell Publisher, 1991.[5] Evans, H. News Headlines—An Illustrated Guide [M]. London: Morrison & GibbLtd., 1974.[6] Munday, J. Introducing translation studies: theories and applications[M].London andNew York: Routledge, 2001.[7] Nord, C. Translating as a purposeful activity -- functionalist approaches explained[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001.[8] Vermeer, H. J. Skopos and Translation Commission [M]. Heidelberg: University,1989.[9] 郝慧敏. 用目的论及文本理论解读汉语软新闻英译[D]. 武汉理工大学, 2009.[10] 廖莎. 目的论在新闻英语翻译中的应用[D]. 武汉理工大学, 2007.[11] 罗丹. 目的论视角下的中国日报网英语新闻标题的翻译策略[D].武汉科技大学,2012.[12] 陆露, 2002，《新闻标题论》[M]，北京：中国社会科学出版社。

从目的论角度论英语新闻标题的翻译一、本文概述本文旨在从目的论的角度探讨英语新闻标题的翻译策略和实践。

目的论作为一种翻译理论，强调翻译活动的目的性和功能性，认为翻译应服务于特定的目的和受众，而非简单地追求语言对等。

在新闻标题的翻译中，目的论提供了一种全新的视角和思考框架，有助于我们更好地理解和处理翻译中的种种问题。

本文将首先介绍目的论的基本概念和原则，阐述其在翻译研究中的重要性和适用性。

接着，通过对英语新闻标题的特点和翻译难点进行分析，探讨如何在目的论的指导下进行英语新闻标题的翻译。

在此基础上，本文将提出一系列具体的翻译策略和方法，旨在提高英语新闻标题翻译的准确性和传达效果。

本文还将对目的论在英语新闻标题翻译中的应用进行案例分析和评估，以期对实践中的翻译工作提供有益的参考和启示。

通过本文的研究，我们期望能够加深对英语新闻标题翻译的理解和认识，推动翻译研究和实践的发展，为跨文化交流和信息传播做出贡献。

二、目的论概述目的论（Skopostheorie）是20世纪70年代由德国翻译理论家汉斯·弗米尔（Hans J. Vermeer）提出的翻译理论。

该理论的核心观点是翻译行为的目的决定翻译策略和方法的选择，强调翻译是一种有目的的交际行为，而非简单的语言转换过程。

目的论认为，翻译的首要原则是目的原则（Skopos Rule），即翻译应能在译入语情境和文化中，按译入语接受者期待的方式发生作用。

这一原则强调了翻译活动的目的性和功能性，突破了传统等值翻译理论的局限。

在目的论框架下，翻译被看作是一种有目的的跨文化交际活动，其最终目的是实现译文在目标语文化中的预期功能。

因此，翻译过程中译者应根据翻译目的、译文读者的期待以及译文的传播环境等因素，灵活选择翻译方法和策略。

这一观点为英语新闻标题的翻译提供了新的视角和指导原则。

在英语新闻标题的翻译实践中，目的论强调译者应充分考虑目标读者的阅读需求和习惯，以及标题在目标语境中的传播效果。

从目的论角度探析日语新闻标题的翻译摘要翻译目的论是将概念运用于翻译的理论，是二十世纪七十年代德国学者弗米尔(Hans Vermeer)提出的一种翻译理论，弗米尔认为：翻译研究不能单单依靠语言学。

这主要有两个原因：第一、翻译并不仅仅是甚至并不主要是语言过程；第二、语言学还没有提出真正针对翻译困难的问题。

因此，他在行动理论的基础上提出了翻译的目的论。

弗米尔将翻译研究从原文中心论的束缚中摆脱出来，认为翻译必须遵循一系列法则。

其中目的法则居于首位。

翻译目的论的中心思想是：行动皆有目的。

新闻标题是新闻报道的重要组成部分，可以起到提纲挈领、提要钩玄的作用，其最主要的功能就是准确简练地向读者表明文章的核心意思，。

日语具有自身的语言特色，如修饰较长、动词后置等，因此日语新闻标题也不例外，经常会出现以省略语句、妙用标点、主语后置等特殊情况，当按照原文形式将这种日语新闻标题直接翻译成中文时，很容易出现语句不通、不符合中文表达习惯的情况，所以要流畅地翻译日语新闻标题，就不应囿于原文，而是使用合适的方法表达其中心意思。

因此笔者在此借助翻译目的论这一理论来探讨日语新闻标题的翻译。

词：日语新闻标题、日语格助词、目的论1.日语新闻标题的分类由于版面受限，为了完整准确地表达文章新闻主旨并吸引读者注意，日语新闻标题往往会在不影响读者理解的前提下，省略格助词或宾语后面的动词。

亦或者通过巧妙使用标点符号来达到吸引读者的效果。

因此，笔者大致将其标题分为了两类。

1.省略格助词或动词类标题①省略格助词例1：中国の炭鉱爆発 37人の死亡確認。

补充：中国の炭鉱 (が) 爆発 (した) 37人の死亡 (が) 確認 (された)。

例2：大雨特別警報、すべて解除。

补充：大雨特別警報、すべて（を）解除。

例3：新燃岳噴火万全の警戒と支援が必要だ。

补充：新燃岳噴火（には）万全の警戒と支援が必要だ。

正如以上三个例句所示，新闻标题有其自身的独特性,为了突出简明扼要的特点,不得不将这些不影响句意理解的助词省略。

目的论影响下的英语新闻标题翻译摘要：新闻是人们快速了解信息，与外界沟通的媒介。

新闻标题则提纲挈领地将新闻的全貌展现在人们眼前，因此新闻标题翻译的重要性不言而喻。

本文从目的论入手，探讨了目的论影响下的新闻标题的翻译。

关键词：目的论新闻标题21世纪是信息迅速传播，国际时事瞬息万变的时代。

中国需要了解世界，同时我们也需要世界关注中国的发展，新闻就是把中国介绍给世界的一个绝好平台。

因此，新闻翻译在如今全球化信息交流中变得越来越重要，而新闻的标题则是一则新闻的精髓所在，成功地翻译了标题就意味着成功了一半。

1.功能派目的论简介目的论（skopostheories）是德国功能翻译理论中最重要也是最核心的理论。

skopos是希腊词，意为“目的”，theorie是德语词，意为“理论”。

目的论就是将skopos概念运用于翻译，认为任何行为都是有目的的，翻译也是一种有目的的跨文化交际活动，译者应该根据翻译目的来制定翻译策略。

该理论将翻译目的作为翻译任务的根本与出发点，在翻译过程中所需要考虑的因素都是以这个翻译目的为参照指导的。

目的论首先由卡特琳娜·赖斯（katharina reiss)发表了相关主张，后来赖斯的学生汉斯·弗米尔（hans vermeer）突破了对等理论的限制，以行为理论为基础发展并创立了翻译目的论。

其中目的论的三大基本原则分别是：目的原则，连贯性原则和忠实性原则。

连贯性原则和忠实性原则必须服从于目的原则，这是目的论的首要原则。

这一理论为翻译研究打开了新的视角。

2.新闻标题的概述新闻翻译的要求颇高，其一是面对的读者是大众而不是某一个领域的专业人士，语言上力求大众化，准确且通俗易懂。

其二是为了让不同文化背景的译语读者了解更多的国外信息。

新闻标题则是一片新闻翻译成功的关键，特别是对于那些“标题读者”，他们往往会很快地翻阅着报纸或新闻网页，只有能吸引他们眼球的新闻标题才能让他们感兴趣。

当然并非新闻标题一定要求新奇、夺人眼球为目的，而是恰恰可以证明新闻标题的重要性。

目的论视角下的新闻标题翻译作者：肖芳芳来源：《公关世界》2022年第06期摘要：.随着全球化程度的日益加深，人们对其他国家的新闻比以往更加关注。

新闻标题是新闻的眼睛和灵魂，其翻译越来越受到大家的重视。

翻译出一个优秀的英语新闻标题在传达信息中起到至关重要的作用。

本文从目的论的视角出发，对《经济学人》中英语新闻标题的翻译及其特点进行了分析，并提出了翻译该类新闻标题时的一些可行策略。

关键词：英语新闻标题语言特征翻译策略目的论引言新闻在国际信息交流与沟通中扮演着重要角色，是人们了解世界的重要途径。

新闻标题是对整则新闻信息的高度概括，起着最重要的导向作用。

作为新闻的灵魂和眼睛，新闻标题的翻译越来越受到重视。

好的翻译不仅可以促进不同国家之间的政治、经济、文化和思想交流，还可以帮助不同语言的读者相互学习。

当前，英语新闻标题汉译的现状并不令人满意。

有些新闻标题的翻译符合良好的翻译标准，而有些新闻标题则使读者感到困惑，甚至误导读者。

由于汉语和英语使用者在语言、思想、文化等方面存在较大差异，英语新闻标题的汉译并非易事。

近年来，目的论被广泛应用于新闻标题翻译中。

一、目的论20世纪70年代末，翻译进入了一个全新的领域，德国功能派翻译理论开始流行，而以行为理论为基础的德国翻译理论家汉斯·弗米尔提出的目的论起了决定性的作用。

目的论强调“更具社会文化性的翻译视角”。

弗米尔认为，翻译不仅是一种传递语言代码的过程，也是一种以跨文化交际为目的的人类活动。

目的论包含三个原则：目的原则、连贯原则和忠实原则。

这三条规则并不是孤立存在的，而是相互联系的。

目的论认为，所有翻译活动必须以翻译目的为核心，表达原文的含义时不拘谨于一字一句，保证译文达到原文想要表达的目的才是重中之重。

三原则中，目的原则是首要核心原则，其余两个原则均要遵循目的原则。

目的原则指在翻译过程中，译者应该根据翻译目的采用不同的翻译方法和翻译策略。

连贯原则主要是指译文要符合语言连贯的标准，译文要能为读者所理解，要在目的语文化中具有一定的现实意义。

论新闻标题翻译的特点随着全球经济一体化的深入，英语逐渐成为世界上普遍使用的一种语言，越来越多的人开始学习并使用英语。

近年来，我国关于英语新闻的报刊杂志、电视栏目、新闻网站等相继开办起来，以满足更多人的求知需求。

由于我们国家和其他国家的政治、经济、文化背景等方面存在一定的差异，因此，如何准确翻译英语新闻的内容是值得研究的课题。

而新闻标题的英译对于扩大新闻传播有着重要作用，传统的翻译理论很难适用于现阶段英语新闻发展的需要。

本文在德国功能主义翻译论的核心——目的论的指导下，试图探讨出一些新闻标题翻译的有效途径。

改革开放以来，随着市场经济体制的建立，我国与外界的联系也日趋紧密，特别是文化上的交流。

为了让其他国家更好地了解我国新近发生的事情，新闻翻译就显得越来越重要。

翻译人员在翻译新闻标题时，除了准确把握新闻的内容，还要考虑英语词汇、语法特点、语言风格以及各种修辞手法的的应用，使新闻翻译更加符合外国受众的阅读习惯，从而引起他们阅读下去的兴趣和欲望。

此外，由于传统的翻译理论已经老化，缺乏艺术性、情感性，很难引起受众的阅读兴趣，也达不到新闻传播的效果。

所以，在翻译新闻标题时，要在遵守翻译原则的前提下，采用新奇独特的方法，使其富有艺术性，特别是情感性。

下面我们主要借鉴德国功能派翻译理论来分析新闻标题的翻译。

关于德国功能翻译理论德国功能翻译论出现在二十世纪七十年代，是一种把目的观念运用于翻译的理论。

其核心就是目的论，即决定翻译过程的最主要因素就是翻译行为所要达到的目的。

翻译目的决定实现译文预期功能的翻译策略和方法，评价译文是否成功，要看它能否达到预期的目的，实现预期功能。

目的论认为，翻译是一种通过两种或多种语言来进行跨文化的互动行为，由翻译者来决定翻译的目的，规定翻译的要求、使用的语言等，并采取相应的翻译策略和翻译方法来传达原译文的内容和宗旨，从而实现其文化之间的互动。

德国功能翻译理论突破了传统的翻译策略，涉及到多方面的问题，拓宽了研究领域，为后来的翻译实践提供了行之有效的方法。