高考英语二轮复习 第3部分 阅读理解 完形填空 语法填空 短文改错限时规范训练20

阅读理解＋完形填空＋语法填空＋书面表达(建议用时60分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解There is some unwelcome news for students preparing for exams and officers putting in long hours—you don't need the break as much as you may think that makes you feel less tired.Scientists have long assumed that willpower (意志力) is a limited resource，which is why you feel the need to have a rest，have a snack and come back to a task when you're feeling better.They argued that the only way to restore willpower was by rest，food or entertainment.But psychologists have challenged this theory，saying weak willpower is all in your head.They found that people's beliefs in willpower determine how long and how well they'll be able to work on a tough mental exercise.“If you think of willpower as something that's limited，you're more likely to be tired when you perform a difficult task，” said Prof.Veronika Job.“But if you think of willpower as something that is not easily used up，you can go on and on.”The researchers designed four experiments to test students' beliefs in willpower.After a tiring task，those，who believed or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource，performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over.They also found that leading up to final exam week，students who believed the limited resource theory ate junk food 24 percent more often than those who believed they had more control in resisting temptation (诱惑)．Mr.Job said.“The theory that willpower is a limited resource is interesting，but it has had unintended consequences.Students who may already have trouble studying are being told that their power of concentration is limited，and they need to take frequent breaks.But a belief in willpower as a non­limited resource makes people stronger i n their ability to work through challenges.”The findings could help people who are battling temptation.Willpower isn't driven by a biologically based process as much as we used to think.The belief in it is what influences your behavior.1．The theory that willpower is limited supports that ．A．people must eat snacks when they feel tiredB．people do need a break to restore their willpowerC．there's no way to strengthen people's willpowerD．weak willpower doesn't affect people's life much2．What have the scientists long believed regarding willpower?A．It is in the charge of people.B．It is a limited resource.C．There is no way to restore willpower.D．It doesn't easily run out.3．Which of the following best helps the students to prepare better for their exams?A．Push themselves even if they want to take a break.B．Don't eat fast food while studying.C．Remind themselves willpower is not limited.D．Stay in a comfortable and quiet place.4．What's the best title for the passage?A．A New Theory about WillpowerB．How to Build Strong WillpowerC．The Great Influence of WillpowerD．Willpower Doesn't Last Long【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，属于日常生活类短文阅读。

阅读理解＋阅读填空＋完形填空＋短文改错(建议用时40分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解When a dog loses a leg，the animal eventually figures out the best way to get around on three legs.In a short time，the dog learns to deal with its physical disability.Now，scientists have developed robots that behave in much the same way.We can find robots everywhere.Robots build cars，play chess and clean your house.They may someday drive your car，too.Two robots，named Spirit and Opportunity，were sent to Mars on a mission to explore the red planet.Jeff Clune is a computer scientist at the University of Wyoming.He says robots also help people in natural disasters.Robots are deployed in search and rescue operations following an earthquake.They may someday also be used to examine the wreckage(残骸) of a nuclear accident，like the one in Fukushima，Japan.Mr.Clune says robots can be sent to a lot of places said to be unsafe.“The problem is that all of those types of situations and environment are extremely unpredictable and dangerous.And it is very likely that robots and humans in t hose situations become damaged.” He and other scientists are developing technology so that robots will continue operating after the first sign of injury.They want the machines to have the ability to make changes and continue performing until they can be repaired.Mr.Clune and researchers in France have added one more operation to the skill set of robots working under difficult conditions.They say they programmed a hexapod robot，one with six legs，and a robotic arm to learn how to deal with injury.Their findings were reported in the journal “Nature”．Mr.Clune said that once the robots become damaged，they use their knowledge of how their body works to find a way to deal with the damage. He says the robots are also programmed with child­like curiosity.In other words，they are always asking questions and looking for answers.The whole process takes about one minute for the robots to find a way to overcome damage.1．At the beginning of the passage，the writer mentions dogs to ．A．introduce the topic in a more attractive wayB．provide examples of how animals deal with unexpected injuryC．prove how scientists get inspiration from dogs to develop technologyD．show the relationship between dogs and robots2．According to the passage，nowadays robots CANNOT ．A．help people in search and rescue operations following an earthquakeB．be sent on a mission to explore on the MarsC．examine the wreckage of a nuclear accidentD．build cars or clean the house3．Why are Mr.Clune and other scientists devoted to developing the technology?A．They expect to enable robots to continue working despite injury under difficult conditions.B．They want to succeed in programming robots with child­like curiosity.C．They are determined to design a more powerful robot for Mars exploration.D．They intend to make robots which can be sent to a lot of places said to be unsafe.4．Now scientists have developed robots that，once damaged，can ．A．continue performing in spite of the damageB．rely on their functions to figure out a way to handle the emergencyC．spend about an hour finding a way to overcome damageD．maintain their child­like curiosity and keep asking people around for solutions【解题导语】现如今，机器人被广泛运用到各个领域。

阅读理解＋阅读填空＋语法填空(建议用时30分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解AHow can a creature weighing over 5 tons and normally taking 150 kilograms of food and 120 liters of water per day survive in a desert environment?In the southwest African country of Namibia，and the Sahara lands of Mali further north，the desert elephant does just that．Although not regarded as a separate species from the African elephant，the desert cousin differs in many ways.Their bodies are smaller，to absorb less heat，and their feet are larger for easier walking across sandy surfaces.They are taller，to reach higher branches.They have shorter tusks (象牙)，and most importantly，longer trunks to dig for water in riverbeds.Desert elephants can travel over 70 kilometers in search for feeding grounds and waterholes，and have a larger group of families.They drink only every 3­4 days，and can store water in a “bag” at the back of their throat，which is only used when badly needed.Desert elephants are careful feeders－they seldom root up trees and break fewer branches，and thus maintain what little food sources are available.Young elephants may even eat the dung (粪便) of the female leader of a group when facing food shortage.During drought they are unlikely to give birth to their young but with good rains the birthrate will increase greatly.Desert elephants have sand baths，sometimes adding their own urine (尿液) to make them muddy!As we continue to overheat our weak planet，it can only be hoped that other animal species will adapt as extraordinarily well to change as the desert elephant.1．The underlined part in Paragraph 2 means “”．A．remains in the African countriesB．drinks 120 liters of water a dayC．manages to live in desert areasD．eats 150 kilograms of food daily2．Desert elephants are called careful feeders because they ．A．rarely ruin treesB．drink only every 3­4 daysC．search for food in large groupsD．protect food sources for their young3．The author answers the question raised in the first paragraph with ．A．stories and explanationB．facts and descriptionsC．examples and conclusionD．evidence and argument4．What can be inferred from the last sentence in the passage?A．Overheating the earth can be stopped.B．Not all animal species are so adaptable.C．The planet will become hotter and hotter.D．Not all animals are as smart as desert elephants.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，属于自然类短文阅读。

阅读理解＋阅读填空＋语法填空(建议用时30分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解ACultural Calendars for the New Year Are Hot SellersA group of cultural calendars，with creative designs，informative content and delicate printing，were hot sellers at the end of 2015 and now posting photos of the calendars has become a new fad on social networks.Many people posted photos of their cultural calendars to arouse memories of traditional knowledge.market.1．Which calendar has remained a best­seller among the art books on ?A．Calendar: Beauty of Chinese Characters.B．The Palace Museum's Datebook.C．The Penguins 2016 Wall Calendar.D．The Red Chamber Dream Calendar.2．According to the description of The Red Chamber Dream Calendar，．A．the color of red symbolizes the sadness and prosperityB．the cover for The Red Chamber Dream Calendar was made using a common kind of paperC．you can find the information about the origin of Chinese charactersD．poems and ancient paintings from the classic novel are included inside the datebook3．The underlined word “fad” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “”．A．design B．contentC．fashion D．interest【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了年度畅销的几本文化日历。

阅读理解＋完形填空＋语法填空＋短文改错(建议用时45分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解We know that hugs make us feel easy inside.And this feeling，it turns out，could actually ward off stress and protect the immune (免疫) system，according to a new research from Carnegie Mellon University.It's a well­known fact that stress can weaken the immune system.In this study，the researchers sought to determine whether hugs－like social support more broadly －could protect individuals from the increased sensitivity to illness brought on by the particular stress that comes with interpersonal conflict.“We know that people experiencing ongoing conflicts with others are less able to fight off cold viruses.We also know that people who report having social support are partly protected from the effects of stress on psychological states，such as depression and anxiety，” the study's lead author，psychologist Dr.Sheldon Cohen，said in a statement.“We tested whether awareness of social support is equally effective in protecting us from sensitivity to infection caused by stress and also whether receiving hugs might partially account for those feelings of support and thus protect a person against infection.”In the experiment，over 400 healthy adults filled out a questionnaire about their perceived (感知) social support and also participated in a nightly phone interview for two weeks.They were asked the frequency they engaged in interpersonal conflicts and received hugs that day.Then，the researchers exposed the participants to a common cold virus，and monitored them to assess signs of infection.They found that both perceived social support and more frequent hugs reduced the risk of infection associated with experiencing interpersonal conflict.Regardless of whether or not they experienced social conflicts，infected participants with greater perceived social support and more frequent hugs had less severe illness symptoms.“This suggests that being hugged by a trusted person may act as an effective means of conveying support and that increasing the frequency of hugs might be an effective means of reducing the effects of stress，” Cohen said.“The apparent protective effect of hugs may result from the physical contact itself or hugging being a behavioral indicator of support and closeness.Either way，those who receive more hugs are somewhat more protected from infection.”If you need any more reason to go wrap your arms around someone special，consider this：hugs also lower blood pressure，reduce fearsome around death and dying，improve heart health and decrease feeling of loneliness.1．In Paragraph 1，the underlined words “ward off” can be replaced by ．A．produce B．increaseC．prevent D．support2．Dr.Sheldon Cohen's experiment shows that ．A．hugs can hide serious illness symptomsB．social conflicts can monitor signs of infectionC．social support can reduce the risk of having a coldD．depression and anxiety result from less social support3．The passage aims to convey that ．A．hugs can have protective effectsB．social support can cure diseasesC．interpersonal conflicts cause infectionsD．stress can weaken our immune system4．The passage is most likely to be found in ．A．a social science magazineB．a commercial brochureC．a medical reportD．an academic essay【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文，属于人生百味类短文阅读。

阅读理解＋阅读填空＋完形填空＋短文改错(建议用时40分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解Strong writing is one of the most important skills for any college student.Many non­native English speakers have no idea what professors in the U．S. expect from a college paper.A college paper is a piece of writing that can be as long as 20 or more pages.Even native English­speaking college students struggle with how to succeed with such a difficult responsibility.Deborah Dessaso is the Writing Resource Coordinator at the University of the District of Columbia.She says college writing is very different from what many students experience earlier in their education.Most U．S.high schools teach students how to write five­paragraph essays.Students are often unprepared for the amount of research they have to do for a college paper.Nabila Hijazi is one of the assistant directors of the University of Maryland Writing Center.Hijazi is also an international student from Syria in the second year of her PhD program in English studies.She says the language barrier is not the biggest problem for students whose first language is not English.In a traditional paper，the first paragraph often contains the thesis statement. This statement is a one­sentence summary of the paper's main argument.The first paragraph of a college paper，or any paper，is usually the most challenging.The first paragraph is also the most important because it will guide the structure and show the voice of the entire paper.But not every type of writing is the same.There are also case studies and field reports in addition to traditional papers.Dessaso says that the best option for a student who wants to improve his writing is to read.Reading examples of the type of paper your professor expects you to write can be very helpful.Professors sometimes provide examples.You can also search the Internet for examples of papers about similar topics.But you should never copy another person's work.Professors will find out if the work is copied and you will get in a lot of trouble.Hijazi also says that writing a paper takes time.Students should let other students read their work and listen to criticism.1．What do you know about a college paper?A．College students also call it a five­paragraph essay.B．It is easy for native English­speaking college students.C．It usually presents the theme in the first two paragraphs.D．The length of the paper is beyond expectation.2．According to Deborah Dessaso we can know that．A．American high school students do better in college writingB．reading similar articles can make you gain much benefitC．your professor can give you clues on how to do your writingD．surfing the Internet is an easy way to complete your writing3．How did the author develop the passage?A．By making comparison.B．By giving explanations.C．By arising debates.D．By following time order.4．Which is the proper title for the passage?A．Taking Steps toward a GreatCollege PaperB．College Writing Makes Students StruggleC．Great Barriers Stand before College StudentsD．Never Give up when You Are Writing【解题导语】提到英文写作，很多留学生都有一种被千刀万剐的痛感。

阅读理解＋完形填空＋语法填空＋书面表达(建议用时60分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A hoarder is someone who is unable or unwilling to throw items away，and the disposal (处理) of items causes them considerable pain.When people hoard a massive amount of objects，it takes over the inhabitable spaces of their home.As the collection grows，they are unable to do simple，quotidian activities such as cooking a meal or watch TV.Sometimes the hoarding is so severe that parts of their homes become inaccessible.But among the many problems that such behavior brings about，the most significant are the health risks.Once hallways and windows are blocked，hoarders are at the risk of dying in a fire，since they no longer have a clear path of evacuation (疏散)．Things that are piled up high can fall on top of the homeowner，or a person trying to climb over a pile of objects can experience a fall.There is also the problem of sanitation (卫生)．Areas where food can't be properly cleaned begin to attract insects，and bathrooms that are full of many possessions can no longer be washed.Unfortunately，the serious effect of the problem can become worse for two reasons.One is that since the behavior progress behind closed doors，people can accumulate collections of objects for years before friends or family members become aware of the problem.A second reason is that hoarders often don't recognize that they have a problem，and will continue to live in denial until they get professional help.When attempting to make a diagnosis，psychologists don't regard hoarding as a disorder in itself.Instead，it's often seen as a symptom of obsessive­compulsive disorder (强迫症)，depression，or anxiety.The mental health community has only recently begun an intensive study of boarding，and more research is needed in order to understand its causes and find effective treatment.1．The first paragraph mostly serves to ．A．introduce the problem of hoardingB．inform the public of the hoarder's lifestyleC．illustrate how frequently hoarders' lifestyleD．explain how hoarders react when items are disposed2．According to the passage，which of the following statements is TRUE?A．Hoarders' houses are not always out of order.B．Hoarding is regarded as a disorder by psychologists.C．Symptoms of hoarding can't be easily noticed since it progresses quietly.D．The mental health community has found effective treatments for hoarding.3．We can infer from the passage that ．A．hoarding is a serious problem that needs concernB．the main reason of hoarding is the economic burdenC．food preparation becomes easier if a person is a hoarderD．hoarded items can't be piled higher than a person's head4．The underlined word “quotidian” probably means．A．abnormal B．ordinaryC．skillful D．popular【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，属于日常生活类短文阅读。

阅读理解＋阅读填空＋完形填空＋短文改错( 建议用时45 分钟 )Ⅰ. 阅读理解Myth: Skipping meals helps you lose weight fast.Truth: There's no truth in this advice.Not only will you lose weight by starving yourself ，but according to Carol Ann Rinzler，this may actually cause you to gainweight.Rinzler reasons that missing a meal causes your metabolism (新陈代谢 ) to slowdown so that you burn food more slowly.Thisonly makes you feel hungrier and by thetime you finally do reach the table you will probably eat more food.Strange as itmay seem， studies show that eating several small meals and snacks throughout theday is a more healthy way to lose pounds.Myth: If you swallow ( 吞下 ) gum ( 口香糖 ) ， it will stay inside your stomach for seven years.Truth: Actually，it takes just a few days for gum to make its exit－not seven years ， says Nei Izenberg ， M.D.， editor of Kids Health Organization.But because gumis made of the same thing as rubber ，it cannot be fully digested ( 消化 ) in your stomach－so if you gum up the works on a regular (经常的) basis，you might find yourselfin a sticky situation.Myth: The best way to stop a nosebleed is to lift your head back.Truth: Now that's bad advice.Bloody noses are caused by broken blood vessels( 血管 ) ， so while lifting your head back might stop the fluid from rushing out ofyour nose，it won't stop the bleeding; you'll just end up swallowing lots ofblood.Your best bet? “Rest quietly.Don't poke or pick ， and the blood will naturallyclot (凝固) within a minute or two”，suggests Dr.Izenberg.Myth: Cutting your hair will make it grow long faster.Truth: That's not true. “Your hair isn't like a lawn or a rosebush ， where cuttingcan stimulate ( 刺激 ) fresh growth ，” says Phillip Kingsley.The length of your hairis genetically (遗传地)determined.When it reaches a certain length，it stops growing.When you clear up the dead split ends， this makes your hair look healthier，but not necessarily longer.1． According to Carol Ann Rinzler，skipping meals will．A． help you lose weight fastB． help you lose weight slowlyC． cause you to become fatterD． make you burning food more quickly2． Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A． Gum cannot be fully digested in the stomach.B． Gum can leave your stomach after you swallow it a few days later.C． If you often swallow gum，you might find yourself in a sticky situation.D． Gum can stay inside your stomach for seven years if you swallow it.3． The length of your hair is determined by．A． clearing up the dead split endsB． your geneC． cutting it oftenD． the food you eat【解题导语】本文是一篇讨论文，属于社会生活类短文阅读。