2018年清华自招：中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试[答案]

中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2018年11月测试语文试卷参考答案二、非选择题。

5．【参考答案】开始是父亲对儿子的疼爱，唢呐王对小唢呐寄寓了深厚的情感与期望。

后来充满疑惑、不解与失望，既有唢呐王对唢呐艺术将要失传的忧虑，更有对小唢呐前途的担忧。

最后为激发小唢呐的斗志，挽救小唢呐和唢呐艺术，唢呐王决定孤注一掷。

（每点2分，共6分）6．【参考答案】①小说开篇先从局外人的角度叙事，介绍唢呐艺术，为后文情节的展开提供了必要的背景，营造了故事的氛围。

②随着故事的展开，小说从唢呐王的角度叙事，写了唢呐王在唢呐艺术界的地位，表达了他对小唢呐的父爱之情，为后文情节的推进提供了合理的条件和动力。

③小说后半部分交替采用唢呐王、小唢呐和李伯几种叙事视角，视角转换灵活，使故事结局充满了悲剧氛围，便于抒发情感，表达主题。

④全文叙事角度不断适时灵活转变，全方位写了父子亲情，也以小见大，表达了传统艺术与流行文化正面冲突的主题。

（每点2分，答对3点给满分）9．【参考答案】第一问：1．材料一侧重介绍FAST的工作原理、对科学家和天文学研究产生的深远意义和影响，彰显中国在前沿科学的领先优势。

2．材料二侧重介绍FAST的建造工艺，在建造过程中实现了自主创新的重大突破，并带动提高了多学科的创新能力。

3．材料三侧重介绍了国内国外媒体、专家、FAST工程负责人和国家领导人对FAST的积极评价和肯定，全方位肯定FAST在科技和建造领域的地位和作用。

（每点1分，语言表达1分，共4分）第二问：三则材料的定位和出发点不同，因此对同一事件介绍的侧重点不同。

（2分）13．【参考答案】（1）元淳常常步行到乡间，详细询问百姓疾苦，亲切温暖如一家人。

（“周”“咨”“煦妪”各1分，大意2分，共5分）（2）私人的揭发不应该交付审讯，守备的大臣不应侵犯地方官的职守，（你们这样做）必将会压制执法的正气，让办事的人灰心。

（“发”“侵”“灰”各1分，大意2分，共5分）15．【参考答案】（1）表达思妇盼归之情。

清华大学年月高三学生标准学术能力诊断性测试文综历史试题．．孔子说：“殷因于夏礼，所损益，可知也；周因于殷礼，所损益，可知也。

其或继周者，虽百世可知也。

”这说明．儒家思想延绵的合理性．文明发展的相对延续性．血缘政治开启于夏朝．礼是三代思想的核心．年在山西侯马的金大安二年（年）董氏坟墓里发现的一座戏台模型，舞台设置已经相当完备，上边五个角色正在“作场”，末、旦、丑、净全有，神态逼真。

这说明．考古资料完全复原历史场景．宋代是古代戏曲的高峰时期．山西是当时戏曲的繁荣之地．宋代舞台戏曲已有相当规模．康熙九年（年），由于“年荒米贵”，受雇工匠窦桂甫等“传单约会众匠停工，索添工银”，当地工匠纷纷响应，“停工汹汹”。

这反映了．统治者镇压人民的反抗．资本主义萌芽发展缓慢．新生产关系中的矛盾性．西学东渐影响下的反应．《中国现代化历程》中说：“在—年间，除去铁路业不计，新办企业的资本已是洋务运动年全部民用企业资本的一半。

”这得益于．清末新政的推进．变法政策的实施．商品输出的加强．清政府政策鼓励．（拜上帝教）“在很大程度上既对基督教有依赖性而又扭曲了基督教的宗教精神，既对中国传统文化有继承性而又窒息了中国传统文化的人文精神。

”这旨在强调拜上帝教．是引进西方文化的先驱．强调发展对象的民间性．中西文化畸形结合产物．深植中国传统文化土壤．新中国成立后。

英国政府即宣布承认中华人民共和国是中国唯一合法政府，并断绝与国民党当局的外交关系。

同时又保留台湾领事馆，还在联合国就中国代表权问题表决时投弃权票。

年代中英建交．是中英两国利益协调的产物．是社会主义阵营瓦解的重要因素．促进了中欧外交关系的缓和．完美体现了“和平共处五项原则”．随着罗马疆域的不断扩大，人员的流动越来越频繁，商业成为越来越重要的经济部门。

许多经商致富的“新人”进入元老院，将指导诉讼，编撰契约合同等法律事项视为重要的国家政务。

这说明．元老院职能发生了重大变化．商品经济制约罗马社会发展．自然法是罗马法的重要原则．罗马立法有灵活性和现实性．世纪法国政治思想家博丹认为，国家主权是作为一种脱离社会并凌驾于社会之上的统治力量而出现的，是不可分割和转让的永久权力，并强调君主拥有一切权力的同时其权力也是有限的。

中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2018年9月测试英语试卷本试卷共150分，考试时间100分钟。

第一部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分60分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A 、B 、C 和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AAre you interested in hi-tech products? Here are some that you might find at the market pretty soon. CX-1Tired of dragging your bag through busy airports? Then you might want to consider CX-1. The smart suitcase uses facial recognizing software to follow its owner as he / she is checking in or heading to the gate. Though CX-1 can only move at a speed of up to seve n miles per hour, a tiny tool enables owners to keep track of the suitcase’s location. It is expected to be sold on the market by late 2018. AiboSony’s latest version of the Aibo robotic dog is almost as fun as the real thing—but much less work. The pet dog can recognize its owner, obey several commands, and even recall the behavior that pleases its master the most. Aibo can also learn new tricks, take photographs, and over time, develop its own unique personality. ForpheusForpheus, an “athletic” robot de veloped by Japanese technology company Omron. It teaches users how to play ping-pong. The 10-feet-tall machine uses a camera and artificial intelligence to track the ball’s speed and can predict the ball’s direction correctly. The smart Forpheus can also quickly test its player’s abilities and adjust the playing level, making the game fun. Black Box VRThough many people determine to go to the gym once a week, few reach their goal. Black Box VR wants to change that by turning hard exercise into fun video games. Using it, gym users will find themselves fighting enemies, including big creatures —all while getting exercise. 1．What is the feature of CX-1?A ．It can be opened by facial expressions.B ．It can recognize and follow its owner.C ．It can move very fast in busy places.D ．It can sense the suitcase’s location.2．Who would most probably want an Aibo?A ．People who want to walk a dog.B ．People who often play tricks on others.C ．People who want to take high-quality photographs.D ．People who want a dog but can’t look after a real one. 3．Which product can help people do physical exercise regularly?A ．CX-1.B ．Aibo.C ．Forpheus.D ．Black Box VR.BNine years ago, a few days before Christmas, I was a director at a company in San Francisco, and I was called into a meeting that was already in progress. That meeting turned out to be my exit interview. I was 64 years old at the time. It wasn’t completely unexpected. I signed a pile of papers and left the company.So, 40 plus years of employment was over. I had a good reputation and background. Retirement was not a choice for me. I wanted to do something. And then an idea came into my mind, born from my concern for our environment. I wanted to build my own business, designing and manufacturing biodegradable （可生物降解的）packaging from waste. This is called clean technology, and it was really meaningful to me. It could help reduce billions of pounds of single-use plastic packaging wasted each year.Five years later, I’m enraptured and proud to share with you that our income has doubled every year and we have no debt. Meanwhile, I have a wonderful partner, and we’ve won more than 20 awards for the work that we’ve done.And I am doing the most rewarding and meaningful work of my life right now. But what I really long for is to find other first-time entrepreneurs （企业家）who are my age. I want to connect with them.So I want to do something about that in a few years. I want us to start talking more about people who don’t become entrepreneurs until they are seniors. And then connecting all of them across industries, regions and countries —building a community.4．What happened to the author nine years ago?A ．He was fired from his job.B ．He took part in an interview.C ．He applied for a higher position.D ．He changed his job to a better one.5．Why was the new business meaningful to the author?A ．It developed some new technologies.B ．It was beneficial to the environment.C ．It provided jobs for lots of people.D ．It brought in quite a lot of money. 6．What does the underlined word “enraptured” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A ．Exhausted.B ．Intelligent.C ．Delighted.D ．Humorous. 7．What does the author plan to do in the future?A ．To set up a community for the old people.B ．To help people who want to become successful.C ．To meet more people from different backgrounds.D ．To build a community for senior entrepreneurs. CFrom Whatsapp to WeChat, the world has plenty of choices when it comes to messaging apps that connect friends and strangers on the Internet. The market is so crowded tha t for a new competitor to even get noticed, they’d have to come up with something new. Enter “Die With Me”, a fresh chat app that can only be used when your smart phone has 5% or less battery left.Die With Me allows total strangers with low battery to enter an online chatroom and talk as they wait for their smart phones to shut off completely. Using Die With Me requires nothing more than choosing a username first and allowing the app to read your battery situation.The idea behind the app was to turn the terrible experience of dealing with low phone battery into a positive one. The app’s co -developer Dries Depoorter said, “I was in a strange city and my phone battery was low when I was on my way back to the hotel. I was really stressed about this as night fell. At that moment, I had the idea for an app that we could only use when we had low battery. But I didn’t know how it would work until we came up with the idea of making it a public chatroom.”The app was shown by developers David Surprenant from Canada and Dries Depoorter from Belgium at the International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam.According to Depoorter, the app has so far recorded over half a million messages in conversations worldwide, with an average of eight people in the chatroom at any given time. Depoorter also said he and Surprenant intend to make a book with a selection of messages recorded by the app at some point in the future. 8．What can we learn from Paragraph 1?A ．People enjoy making friends online.B ．Internet users long for something new.C ．Messaging apps face fierce competition.D ．WeChat has become very popular recently.9．What should you do first if you want to use Die With Me?A ．Apply for a username.B ．Get your phone charged.C ．Shut off your Whatsapp.D ．Invite eight people together. 10．What made Depoorter come up with Die With Me?A ．His poor sense of direction.B ．His personal experience.C ．The popularity of chatrooms.D ．Extreme stress from his work.11．What is the best title for the passage?A ．Popular messaging apps on the InternetB ．Convenient ways of using Die With MeC ．An app used only by smart phones with low batteryD ．Tips on using your smart phone with 5% battery leftDBoth Germans and Americans share much common etiquette （礼仪）. Both place the fork on the left and the knife on the right in formal table settings. However, more so than Americans, Germans are noted for the carefulness with which they approach etiquette. For example, each flower has a specific meaning in Germany. When visiting Germany, it is wise to be aware of the characteristics of German etiquette.In Germany it is good etiquette to shake an individual’s hand when you first meet him or her. Als o, handshakes are important when they conduct business and when they come or go from a meeting. For informal greetings among friends, Germans will lightly kiss one another on both cheeks or the air next to the cheeks. Always refer to someone with a title b efore their name in a social setting. “Frau” is Ms. And “Herr” is Mr. They should be put in front of the name of the individual to whom you are referring.If you are invited to visit someone in Germany, it is important to bring a small gift such as wine or candy. If you take a wine, be sure to pick an imported one, as bringing a German wine might send a message to the host that he or she does not have a good taste in wine. If you decide to take flowers, yellow roses, which convey joy and friendship, are a good choice. Red roses indicate romance and carnations （康乃馨）symbolize mourning. Do not sit down in someone’s house without being invited to sit first.Germans are organized, appreciating structures in their daily lives. They plan out their day, and it is bad manners to interrupt schedules. They are also very particular about maintaining orderly homes. They place a high priority on cleanliness and take great pains to keep everything in order.12．Why does the author mention the fact that each flower has a different meaning to Germany?A ．To show Germans are particular about etiquette.B ．To remind us to choose flowers carefully in Germany.C ．To explain the important role flowers play in Germany.D ．To explain the common etiquette in Germany and America.13．In Germany, kissing each other is usually accepted among ____________.A ．strangersB ．business partnersC ．friendsD ．family members 14．What is considered improper when you are invited to a German’s home?A ．Taking yellow roses.B ．Bringing a small gift.C ．Taking an imported wine.D ．Sitting without being asked.15．What can we learn from the last paragraph?A ．Germans keep strict schedules every day.B ．Germans work effectively at home.C ．Germans live a busy life every day.D ．Germans have a dull lifestyle. 第二节 (共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试 2018 年 12 月测试理科综合试卷（一卷）1．tRNA5'端的成熟需要 RNA-蛋白质复合物 RNase P 的催化。

2018 年 9 月 27 日上海交大雷鸣团队在国际权威学术 期刊《科学》上发表论文揭示了酵母菌的 RNase P 的结构（由一条长链非编码 RNA 分子和近十个蛋白质亚基组 成）及催化的分子机制。

下列说法错误的是：A ．RNase P 属于生物催化剂，可降解特定的 RNA 序列，催化磷酸二酯键的断裂B ．RNase P 存在于所有的细胞结构的生物中，是细胞进行生命活动所必需的组分C ．若将 RNase P 彻底水解，除蛋白质的水解产物外，还有 4 种小分子物质D ．RNase P 催化的底物不仅结构上有氢键存在，还有携带氨基酸识别密码子的功能2．寨卡病毒是一种 RNA 病毒，若孕妇感染寨卡病毒可能会生下小头症的患儿，其原因是由于该病毒攻击胎儿的神 经元，引起新生儿神经系统发育缺陷。

虽然寨卡病毒臭名远扬，但科研人员的最新研究发现，利用基因工程技术 研发的寨卡病毒减毒活疫苗（DNA 疫苗）可以治疗胶质母细胞瘤（GBM ，一种恶性脑瘤）。

据此下列错误的是：A ．寨卡病毒攻击胶质母细胞瘤后，机体可通过细胞免疫使靶细胞发生细胞凋亡而清除瘤细胞B ．寨卡病毒减毒活疫苗中含有根据寨卡病毒设计的 DNA 片段，此过程需要用到逆转录酶C ．DNA 疫苗注射到猕猴体内，某些细胞会分泌出免疫活性物质，可刺激 B 淋巴细胞增殖分化成浆细胞，可推测免疫活性物质为淋巴因子D ．寨卡病毒感染成年人，可引起患者免疫系统攻击自身神经组织引发中风，该疾病的致病机理与艾滋病类似， 都属于免疫缺陷病3．右图是人小肠上皮细胞吸收葡萄糖的过程简图，其中GLUT2 是细胞膜上的葡萄糖载体，Na+/K+ATPase 是钠钾ATP 酶，据图分析下列说法错误的是：A ．小肠上皮细胞面向肠腔的细胞膜形成较多微绒毛可以增加细胞膜上载体蛋白的数量，高效的吸收葡萄糖等营养物质B ．图中所示的小肠上皮细胞膜上的蛋白质的功能有催化、运输、信 息交流和密封细胞间隙的作用C ．葡萄糖通过 Na+驱动的葡萄糖同向转运载体进入小肠上皮细胞， 此运输方式为主动运输D ．Na+/K+ATPase 也存在神经元细胞膜上，参与了动作电位恢复为 静息电位的过程4．“退耕还林、退耕还草、退耕还湖”是实现“绿水青山就是金山银山”的重要生态工程。

中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试文科综合科目参考答案一．选择题题号123456789101112答案D A B D A A C C A B C B题号131415161718192021222324答案D C B A B A B C D A D A题号2526272829303132333435答案D B C B C D A A C C B二．非选择题36.（22分）（1）网络电商的兴起与发展；人民生活水平提提高，消费能力增强；冷藏保鲜及冷链物流技术的发展；烟台大樱桃品质优良，口感好；烟台大樱桃的品牌效应；政府政策的大力支持。

（每点2分，答对3点得6分）（2）大樱桃不宜存储，易腐烂，冷链物流可减少因腐烂而带来的损失；冷链物流可保鲜，增加运输距离，扩大市场范围；随冷链物流的发展，果农可以采摘成熟度高，口感更好的大樱桃外运，提高产品品质和市场美誉度。

（每点2分，共6分）（3）美国车厘子大规模机械化生产成本低，市场价格低；美国车厘子与烟台大樱桃同步上市；美国车厘子品控好，质量高。

（每点2分，答对2点得4分）（4）种植户联合，打造统一的知名企业品牌；标准化、产业化管理，营造良好口碑；依托当地大樱桃发展文化产业和第三产业，并进行网络推广。

（每点2分，共6分）37.（24分）（1）有利条件：盐盖表面平坦，利于道路和铁轨的铺设；盐盖坚硬，抗压力强。

（每点2分，共4分）（2）填塞封堵溶洞，替换薄层岩盐；路基采用防水、防腐蚀、抗拉、寿命长的材料；修建盐田防洪坝，防止洪水泛滥，侵蚀路基；修建拦水坝和排水沟，减少工业废水排放量。

（每点2分，答对3点得6分）（3）有利条件：盐湖钾盐储量丰富，原料丰富；地形平坦，利于厂区建设；国内市场需求大；国家政策的支持。

（每点2分，答对2点得4分）不利条件：离消费市场远，运费高；交通线路少，运力不足；生态环境恶劣，员工生活不便；生态脆弱，易遭受污染破坏。

（每点2分，答对2点得4分）（4）加大科技投入，不断改进生产技术；实现资源的综合开发利用，延长产业链，提高产品的附加值，变资源优势为经济优势；积极发展交通通信等基础设施建设；发展循环经济和清洁生产，降低资源消耗和环境污染；积极开发旅游业。

2018届清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试(11月试卷 )数学(理)第Ⅰ卷（选择题）一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分.在每个小题给出的四个选项中，有且只有一项符合题目要求.1.已知集合(){}2|ln 32M x y x x==+-，集合{}2|4x N y y -==，则图中阴影部分表示的集合为A. (][)1,03,-+∞UB. [)0,3C. ()0,3D. (]()1,03,-+∞U 2.已知命题p ：若8k <，则方程221358x y k k +=--表示焦点在x 轴上的双曲线；命题q ：在ABC ∆中，若sin sin A B <，则A B <，则下列命题为真命题的是A. q ⌝B.()()p q ⌝∧⌝C. p q ∧D.()p q ∧⌝3.魏晋时期数学家刘徽首创割圆术，他在九章算术方田章圆填术中指出：“割之弥细，所失弥少。

割之又割，以至于不能割，则与圆周合体而无所失矣。

”这是一种无限与有限的转化过程，比如在正数121211++L 中的“…”代表无限次重复，设121211x =++L ，则可利用方程121x x=+求得x 555=L A. 3 B. 5 C. 7 D. 94.如图，在矩形OABC 中的曲线分别是()sin ,cos ,,0,0,12y x y x A C π⎛⎫== ⎪⎝⎭，在矩形OABC 内随机取一点，则此点取自阴影部分的概率为 A. )431π B. )421π C. )431π D. )421π5.下面的程序框图的算法思路来源于我国古代数学名著《九章算术》中的“更相减损术”。

若输入,a b 的分别为98和63，执行该程序框图后，输出a 的值6.某几何体的三视图如右图所示，则该几何体的最长棱为 1922 C.5 D. 277.数列{}n a 中，11a =且()1122n n n a a n ---=≥，则数列112n n n a a -+⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭的前n 项和为 A. 1121n -- B. 11121n +-- C. 11122n⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭ D.1111221n +⎛⎫- ⎪-⎝⎭ 8.已知双曲线()2221054x y a a -=>的左、右顶点分别为12,A A ，虚轴的两个端点分别为12,B B ，若四边形1122A B A B 的内切圆的面积为18π，则双曲线的离心率为 2359.已知函数()313sin 6f x x x =+在0x =处的切线与直线60nx y --=平行，则12n x x ⎛⎫+- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭的展开式中的常数项为A. -20B. 20C. -15D. 1510.将函数sin 221y x x =++的图象向左平移12π个单位，再将所有点的横坐标缩短为原来的12，纵坐标不变，得到函数()y g x =的图象，则下面关于函数()y g x =的叙述不正确的是A.函数()g x 的周期为2π B. 函数()g x 的一个对称中心为,08π⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭ C.函数()g x 在区间,42ππ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦内单调递增 D.当()42k x k z ππ=+∈时，函数()g x 有最小值-1 11.已知定义在R 上的函数()f x 满足()()()()42,sin 2f x f x g x x π=--+=+，若函数()f x 的图象与函数()g x 图象的交点为()()()1122,,,,,,n n x y x y x y L ，则()1ni i i x y =+=∑A. nB. 2nC. 3nD.4n12.设点()()()()1122,,,M x f x N x g x 分别是函数()21ln 2f x x x =+和()26g x x =-图象上的点，121,1x x ≥≥，若直线//MN x 轴，则,M N 两点间距离的最小值为 A.54 B.94 C. 52 D.92二、填空题：本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分. 13.已知,a b r r 的夹角为4π，且b =r ，则2b a -r r 与a r 的夹角的正切值为 .14.已知变量,x y 满足431,1x y x y x y +≤⎧⎪+≥⎨⎪≥≥⎩，则225x xy y xy ++的取值范围为 . 15. 已知正四面体ABCD 的棱长为，四个顶点都在球心O 的球面上，点P 为棱BC 的中点，过P 作球O 的截面，则截面面积的最小值为 .16.过抛物线24x y =的焦点F 作直线l 与抛物线交于A,B 两点，记抛物线在A,B 两点处的切线12,l l 的交点为P,则ABP ∆面积的最小值为 .三、解答题：本大题共6小题，共70分.解答应写出必要的文字说明或推理、验算过程.17.（本题满分12分）已知ABC ∆的面积为S,其外接圆半径为R,三个内角A,B,C 所对的边分别为())22,,,2sin sin 3sin .a b c R A C a b B -=-， （1）求角C; （2）若()222sin sin sin ,4S A B C a =--=⎝⎭，求c 及ABC ∆的面积18.（本题满分12分）如图，多面体A PCBE -中，四边形PCBE 是直角梯形，且,//PC BC PE BC ⊥，平面PCBE ⊥平面,,ABC AC BE M ⊥是AE 的中点，N 是PA 上的点.（1）若//MN 平面ABC ，求证：N 是PA 中点；（2）若13PE BC =，且AC BC PC ==，求二面角E AB C --的余弦值.19.（本题满分12分）某电视厂家准备在元旦期间举办促销活动，现根据近七年的广告费与销售量的数据确定此次广告费支出。

中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试文科综合-地理科目参考答案一、选择题题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 答案 C B A D B C A C D A B二、非选择题36.（1）暖季水草丰实，食物充足；（2分）天敌较少(或藏羚羊等动物对高寒环境的适应性强）；（2分）人烟稀少，有大面积无人区。

（2分）（每点2分，共6分）（2）由于气候变暖，冰川融水和冻土中的水分释放增多（2分），持续较强的降雨天气（2分），导致湖泊面积扩大、水位上升；湖岸冻土融化，地表塌陷，加上位于地震带附近，湖岸岩石松散，引起湖岸溃决，湖水顺缺口外溢，面积减小。

（2分）（每点2分，共6分）（3）外泄湖水影响藏羚羊的迁徙；（2分）破坏湖岸附近的草场资源；（2分）腐蚀临近交通、通讯等基础设施。

（2分）（每点2分，共6分）（4）非工程措施：建立预防预警机制，加强对盐湖及青藏铁路地区的观测防范（2分）工程措施：加固卓乃湖，提高卓乃湖的分洪蓄洪能力；（2分）拓宽下游清水河，疏通排水通道。

（2分）（每点2分，共6分）37.（1）总体分布不均（2分）；集中分布在南海大陆坡（或南海边缘地区）（2分）呈条带状分布。

（2分）（每点2分，共6分）（2）目前中国的能源结构中，高污染的煤炭占比过高，环境压力使得中国必须对其结构进行优化；（2分）中国原油对外依存度不断上升，开采可燃冰，可以进一步保障我国的能源安全；（2分）可燃冰为清洁能源，燃烧值高，可减少对环境的污染。

（2分）随着技术水平的提高，我国开始具备开采可燃冰的水平和能力。

（2分）（每点2分，共8分）（3）自然方面：台风（狂风、暴雨、风暴潮），（2分）海啸；（2分）社会经济：技术难度大，（2分）开采成本高。

（2分）（每点2分，共8分）43.政府加强引导，做好旅游资源的规划设计和运营管理；鼓励企业和社会的全方位参与，增加资金和技术投入；利用地理位置优势，完善交通等基础设施建设，将资源串联整合起来；保护好生态环境和旅游资源；努力提高服务品质，突出地方特色；加快与旅游相关产业的发展，增加产业附加值；完善基础设施，提高地区的服务接待能力。