2021届高考二轮英语备考专项冲刺：专题01【名词】解析版

名词1.(2021·湖北卷·T21)Poetry written from the of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.A. perspective【解析】选A。

考查名词词义辨析。

句意:从城市青年的角度写的诗歌往往揭露他们因缺乏归属感而焦虑的现状。

A项“角度”;B项“优先考虑的事”;C项“参加”;D项“特权”。

依照句意可知选A项。

2.(2021·江苏卷·T33)With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a for the better.【解析】选C。

考查名词的固定搭配。

句意:受到其他饮食文化的启发,美国饮食文化有望好转。

take a turn for th e better为固定短语,意为“好转”。

3.(2021·湖北卷·T22)Carbon diox ide, which makes a between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.【解析】选D。

考查名词词义辨析。

句意:二氧化碳在咱们和太阳之间设置了屏障,使得热量无法轻易从大气层散发出去,结果地球变得更暖和了。

A项“不同,不同”;B项“比较”;C项“联系”;D项“障碍”。

依照句意可知选D项。

4.(2021·江西卷·T22)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them outwith .【解析】选D。

考查名词辨析。

专题01 冠词与名词1.（2023年新高考I卷）The meat should be fresh with______touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.【答案】a【详解】考查冠词。

a touch of sweetness一点点甜；一丝甜。

句意：肉应该新鲜，带着一丝甜味，汤汁热、清澈且美味。

2.（2023年新高考II卷）Since June 2017, right before the ________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.【答案】arrival【详解】考查名词。

句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。

分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。

故填arrival。

3.（2023年新高考II卷）Not the pandas, even though ________ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.【答案】the【详解】考查冠词。

句意：不是熊猫，尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。

分析句子结构可知，此处特指用于医学训练指导使用的语言，表特指，应用定冠词修饰。

故填the。

4.（2023年新高考II卷）They also need to be ready to give ________ (interview) in English with international journalists.【答案】interviews【详解】考查名词的数。

第四讲名词性从句1．(2021·江苏高考，21)It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A．why B．whatC．as D．thatD[考查主语从句。

句意：通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人，一切皆有可能。

分析句子结构可知，it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语，故选D项。

It is often the case that...可视为固定句式，意为“通常情况下……”。

] 2．(2021·江苏高考，25)________ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.A．That B．WhyC．Where D．HowC[考查名词性从句引导词的选择。

句意：中国的大诗人李白的出生地众所周知，但有些人还不认可。

分析句子结构可知，a great Chinese poet是Li Bai的同位语，where Li Bai...was born是主语从句，表示“李白出生的地方”。

] 3．(2021·江苏高考，26)—What a mess！You are always so lazy!—I'm not to blame，mum.I am ________ you have made me.A．how B．whatC．that D．whoB[考查名词性从句引导词的选择。

句意：“真是一团糟！你总是这么懒惰！”“妈妈，我不应该受到责备。

我这个样子都是你一手造就的。

”分析句子结构可知，I am后是表语从句，引导词what在从句中作me的补足语，相当于the one/person that，即I am the one/person that you have made me.。

第一部分单项填空专题一名词、冠词和主谓一致1.(2021·安徽,29)—Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don’t have enough money for a new one?—That’s a good .A.sayingB.questionC.suggestionD.account2.(2021·天津,3)Wind is now the world’s fastest growing of power.A.sourceB.senseC.resultD.root3.(2021·浙江,6)We most prefer to say yes to the of someone we know and like.A.attemptsB.requestsC.doubtsD.promises4.(2021·福建,26)—Could you tell me the of making such tasty cakes?—Well,I just follow the directions in the cookbook.A.featureB.planC.costD.trick5.(2021·湖北,21)Her for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.A.talentB.motivationC.qualificationD.technique6.(2021·天津,8)Life is like ocean:Only strong-willed can reach the other shore.A.an;theB.the;aC.the;/D./;a7.(2021·陕西,19)village where I was born has grown into town.A.The;aB.A;theC.The;theD.A;a8.(2021·湖南,32)All we need a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.A.areB.wasC.isD.were9.(2021·江苏徐州第一次质检,26)Chang’e-3’s soft landing proves that,with and determination,all obstacles can be overcome.A.requirementmitmentC.extensionD.distinction10.(2021·浙江温州中学三月月考,14)—Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree?—No,it’s out of .A.rangeB.reachC.controlD.distance11.(2021·南京学情调研,27)The fear of failing exams can cause you to panic and stress can be a(n) to your performance at school.A.solutionB.invitationC.blockD.access12.It was dark and he had already lost his of direction.A.thoughtB.senseC.ideaD.feeling13.(2021·安徽淮南二模,24)A new urges everyone in the UK should learn at least 1,000 words of another language.A.processB.movementC.campaignD.conflict14.(2021·江苏南通第二次调研,21) When asked how he came up with the excellent idea,he said one of his childhood experiences was the original to begin his story.A.applicationB.evaluationC.creationD.inspiration15.(2021·河北衡水中学第四次调考,29) People generally believe that women are more emotional than men,but in my experience that often isn’t the .A.caseB.pointC.viewD.stage16.(2021·安徽马鞍山一模,21) Reading provides quiet,peaceful time alone and can be a good from your busy life.A.shelterB.escapeC.absenceD.departure17.(2021·安徽皖南八校第二次联考,22)It is an accepted to pay a deposit(定金) with your order,which assures the seller that you are in fact a serious buyer.A.actionB.behaviorC.habitD.practice18.Each of us is likely to develop a personal for certain types of entertainment.parisonB.possessionC.preferenceD.advantage19.Passengers all breathed sighs of the moment their plane landed safely.A.nervousnessB.reliefC.angerD.excitement20.It came as shock that fire broke out in that city yesterday,killing at least 5 people.A.a;aB.a;/C./;aD.the;the21.—I knocked over the tea cup and it fell on mobile phone.—You should never put drinks near a phone.A.a;aB.a;/C.the;/D.the;a22.—Would you mind giving your advice on how to improve our efficiency?—If you make most of forty-five minutes classes day after day,there will be switch in grades.A./;/B.the;aC./;aD.the;/23.(2021·山东省实验中学一模,21)—What about lecture yesterday?—Well,most boring one indeed.A./;theB.the;aC.the;theD./;a24.(2021·安徽安庆六校第三次联考,21)It is world of wonders,world where anything can happen.A.a;theB.a;aC.the;aD./;/25.Every possible means been tried;however,nothing can help the poor child from the danger.A.have;preventB.has;preventC.has;protectD.have;protect26.(2021·安徽安庆一中、芜湖师大附中、马鞍山二中第一次联考,32)Nobody but doctors or nurses and those by Dr.Longman to enter the patient’s room.A.invited;are allowedB.are invited;are allowedC.are invited;is allowedD.invited;is allowed##1.C考查名词辨析。

名词性从句一、几种易混的从句的辨别定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句有时候在形式上很相似，下面提供一些区分的方法：1．定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系；而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容的。

that在定语从句中充当句子成分，可指物或人；而同位语从句中的that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。

请比较：(1)The news (that/which) he told us was exciting.(定语从句，that/which在从句中作宾语，还可以被省略)(2)The news that our team has won is exciting.(同位语从句，that从句是说明news的内容的，that在从句中不作任何成分，但不能被省略)辨析判断是定语从句还是同位语从句可以用“加词”的方法，即在名词和从句之间加入一个be动词，如果句子意思成立，则是同位语从句，否则，则是定语从句。

如上面第二句，加上be动词后：The news is that our team has won.句子意思成立，所以是同位语从句。

而第一句，加上be动词后：The news is that he told us.意思不成立，因此不是同位语从句。

『特别提醒』一般情况下，同位语从句紧跟在它所说明的名词的后面，可是有的时候，为了表达的需要，名词与从句之间被另外一些内容分隔开了，叫做“分隔同位语从句”。

对于这类同位语从句，一定要根据句意，找准它所说明的名词。

2．定语从句与状语从句请看两组句子：第一组：区分such...as...和such...that...(1)The new storybook is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.(2)The new storybook is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.这两句话只有一词之差，但语法结构大相径庭：第一句是as引导的定语从句，as相当于that/which(但不能用that/which)，在从句中作understand的宾语。

专题一名词【高频考点解读】名词是高考每年必考的语法项目。

近三年的考查要点主要集中在名词辨析上，特殊是抽象名词的辨析。

不仅是单项填空，而且完形填空中也大量消灭。

其他常考的语法点还有：①抽象名词具体化；②专出名词一般化；③与冠词的连用；④固定搭配。

【热点题型】题型一考查名词词义辨析例1、Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional ________.A．consequence B．independenceC．competence D．intelligence【提分秘籍】1.近五年高考常考的名词：accent，account，aspect，attitude，attempt，atmosphere，advantage，average，admission，ambition，anniversary，appointment，anxiety，appetite，conclusion，contrast，challenge，consequence，direction，evidence，emergency，effect，effort，function，insurance，intelligence，identity，impression，occasion，occupation，summary，sympathy，standard，sign，ficance，schedule，principle，potential，welfare2. 近五年高考常考的名词短语：a series of，a range of，a variety of，find fault with，make sense，make a difference to【举一反三】—Can I help you with it?—I appreciate your ________，but I can manage it myself.A．advice B．question C．offer D．idea【热点题型】题型二考查抽象名词例2、—I find it very difficult to read ________ novel you lent me last week.—Yes.It's necessary to have ________ good knowledge of history.A．the；/ B．a；/ C．the；a D．a；a解析第一空特指对方上周所借给“我”的小说，故应填定冠词；但考生可能以为其次空后面是抽象名词，为不行数名词，不填冠词，于是错选A。

专题01 名词冠词一真题感悟1.（2021高考全国甲卷)It allows the traveler to become educated about the areas--both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provide money for conservation and benefits the ____(develop) of the local areas.【答案】development【解析】考查词性转换。

动词变为名词。

前面是the，后面是介词of，中间应当使用名词形式。

2.（2021高考全国乙卷）_____(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking and accommodations aim ______(have) a low impact on the natural environment.【答案】Activities【解析】考查名词单复数。

根据下文range from whale watching to hiking...可知活动不止一个，需用复数形式。

3.（2020高考全国卷I）The far side of the moon is of particular______( interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山)，more so than the familiar near side.【答案】interest【解析】考查词性转换中的名词。

be of+抽象名词，且设空前为形容词particular故此处需要名词interest。

4. (2020高考全国卷II) Chinese New Year is a______(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.【答案】celebration【解析】考查词性转换中的名词。

专题能力提升练一语法填空(一)Test 1[2020·深圳市高三第二次检测] When the winter approaches, tanghulu, a traditional Chinese snack can be found on the street corner in northern China. Since ancient times, it 1.________ (be) very popular with natives, especially children.Tanghulu is 2.________ (common) made of haws (山楂果), which are rich in vitamin C and are known 3.________ (have) traditional Chinese medicinal properties. According to a legend, in Song Dynasty, one of the emperor's 4.________ (wife) was sick and had 5.________ poor appetite. The doctor suggested that she eat five to ten haws 6.________ (boil) with sugar before each meal. She recovered within half a month. Later, the prescription was passed on 7.________ ordinary people.People put haws on a stick, dipped them in hot sugar syrup (糖浆) and dried. The syrup finally turned into a solid coating, like the crystal on the surface of haws. That is 8.________ they are also called bingtanghulu. 9.________ origin story says that the very first tanghulu only had two haws —a small one on the top and a big one below, making it resemble a hulu, a bringer of good luck.With sour haws and sweet sugar, the taste of tanghulu is a combination of flavors, which often 10.________ (remind) people of their happy childhoods.Test 2[2020·合肥市高三第二次诊断检测] Chopsticks play an important role in Chinese food culture. Chinese chopsticks are round on the eating end which symbolizes heaven, while the other end is square which symbolizes earth. This is because keeping enough food is a 1.________ (great) concern than anything else.It is important to note that chopsticks are used in many different cultures and there is no single standard for the use of chopsticks. Here are some customs 2.________ (associate) with chopsticks in China. Playing with chopsticks 3.________ (consider) bad manners. And chopsticks should not be placed 4.________ (vertical) in a bowl of rice or other food. Any stick-like object pointing upward 5.________ (resemble) the incense (香) sticks that people use 6.________ offerings to their dead family members. It is also bad manners to tap chopsticks on 7.________ edge of one's bowl, because in ancient China beggars often made this noise8.________ (attract) attention.In Chinese, “chopsticks” reads “kuai zi”，which means “to have sons soon”，so a newly-married couple will be very happy to accept chopsticks as 9.________ (they) wedding gift.10.________ has already been found out is that using chopsticks improves one's memory, increases finger dexterity (灵巧) and can be useful in learning and improving skills such as Chinese character printing and brush painting.Test 3[2020·贵阳市高三适应性考试(一)] The Contemporary Museum of Calligraphy (书法) contains many art pieces including Arabic, Chinese, 1.________ (Europe), Indian, Japanese and Slavic calligraphic works.“One of the most interesting 2.________ (item) in the museum is a book of calligraphic works on the 36 military tactics (战术) applied during wars in ancient China，”Alexey Shaburov, founder and keeper of the museum, 3.________ (tell) a group of reporters from China on November 24.The giant book is exhibited in a large glass case. Shaburov took it out to show some of 4.________ (it) content. Each tactic, 5.________ is usually expressed in four Chinese characters, is written on one page and accompanied by a Russian translation on another page. The tactics represent the 6.________ (wise) of Chinese people. They are not only useful on the battlefield 7.________ also useful for business and personal life.He said he became crazy about calligraphy, so he decided 8.________ (establish) a calligraphic museum in Moscow. The museum has played 9.________ important role in promoting calligraphy in Russia. “Calligraphy wasn't seen as an art form in Russia. But this year, some of the artworks from our museum were made a part of the non-public section of the Russian museum collection，” Shaburov said, 10.________ (add) that this means that calligraphic works are acknowledged as cultural heritage and will be protected in Russia.Test 4[2020·沈阳市教学质量监测(一)]Eating and drinking in subway cars has long been a controversial issue in China. While many have expressed annoyance 1.________ the sight of someone eating food in subway cars, quite a few people support the right to chew 2.________ (noisy) on snacks during the trip to work or school.The debate recently arrived at 3.________ (it) final destination when the Ministry of Transport introduced a new regulation last week that banspassengers nationwide, with the exception of 4.________ (baby) and people with certain medical conditions, from eating or drinking in subway cars.The policy 5.________ (schedule) to take effect on April 1 along with some new rules that will forbid passengers from playing music or videos on speakers, or 6.________ (lie) down on seats in subway cars.Zhang Han, 7.________ 18-year-old girl, recalled that a female passenger was seen recently on the subway in Nanjing 8.________ (fine) for eating traditional street food.“At first, I felt sorry for the girl，” she said. “Most people were simply 9.________ (aware) of such a food ban before.”Now that a national ban is in the pipeline (在准备中), she said she supported the idea. “The subway car is a public space. No food should be allowed, 10.________ or not it gives off a strong smell.”专题能力提升练一语法填空(一)Test 1语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会——文化——糖葫芦[文章大意]本文主要介绍了糖葫芦的起源、做法与味道等。

专题01 名词和冠词近几年高考单项填空中单独考查名词的题目相对较少，多与冠词一路进行考查，但完形填空中对名词的考查一直是重点，且考查范围较广。

其命题趋势仍将是：在不同语言环境中去识别词义，进行词义辨析，是高考考查的重点。

因此，考生不仅要弄清词义，而且也要把握好语言环境，在单项填空、完形填空中这种试题会继续出现。

建议考生在温习中注意名词的词义辨析。

冠词是历年高考英语试题中的常考点。

主要考查在理解冠词大体含义的基础上，在具体语境下的冠词的运用，主要包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别，名词前不用冠词的情况，特指与泛指和习语中的冠词用法。

热点题型一名词的数例一、Games, often seen as________activity for children, are still important in________development of teenagers.A. the; theB. an; theC. an; 不填D. the; 不填【答案】B【提分秘籍】名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。

1．可数名词的复数(1)可数名词变复数一般都是直接加­s；词尾若是s，x，ch，sh，在词尾加­esdesk→desks；dish→dishes stomach的复数形式是stomachs(2)以”辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，要变y为i再加­esstudy→studies(3)以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为­vesleaf→leaves(4)以字母o结尾的名词，多数加­spiano→pianos(5)单、复数同形sheep；deer(6)单、复数都要加s的名词works(工厂)；means(方式)有一些例外情况：(1)巧记以o结尾加­es的名词：黑人英雄吃西红柿和马铃薯。

(即Negro，hero，tomato 和potato四个词)(2)巧记以f或fe结尾的名词在变复数时直接加­s：海湾(gulf)里的首领(chief)只相信(belief)放在屋顶(roof)保险箱(safe)里的证据(proof)。