2017年高考英语四海八荒易错集专题01名词与冠词
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高考英语短文改错常见错误及改错知识点高考英语短文改错分类解析---名词一、考点规律分析短文改错的名词考点主要涉及名词的单复数问题,即在该用复数的地方误用其单数,或在该用单数的地方误用其复数。
二、真题单句归纳(1) We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream.(2) We climb everywhere, not only in America. We have been to Europe many time.(3) There are branch library in many villages.(4) I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon.(5) Today I visited the Smiths — my first time visit to an American family.(6) They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question.(7) We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics.(8) …and often watch football match on TV together.(9) Happy birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day!(10) She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.(11) I used to love science class — all of them— biology, chemistry, geography, physics.(12) They did not want me to do any work at family.(13) …so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject.(14) On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.(15) No one worries much about the radio program young people listen to.(16) Their word were a great encouragement to me.(17) You know, that was a dinner we had waited for several month.”(18) …but after class we become stranger at once.(19) You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Internet.(20) Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby…(21) She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when…(22) Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.高考英语短文改错分类解析---代词一、考点规律分析短文改错对代词的考查主要涉及人称代词的前后一致性(包括指代的一致性和单复数的一致性)、人称代词的主格与宾语变化、各类代词的误加与漏用(尤其是一些易受汉语影响的结构)、某些不定代词的用法(尤其是在意思上用错)、代词在某些习语中的用法等。
高考语法总结—备战一、冠词冠词分为不定冠词(a, an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。
特别注意名词类别的相互转换物质名词与个体名词的相互转换规则名词的复数形式:名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es(参看有关语法书)。
英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,请三、代词四、形容词和副词I. 形容词注意:多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序熟记口诀就可以顺利解题:限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老,颜色国籍跟材料,作用类别往后靠。
规则:限定语(The、A)+ 描绘性形容词+ size(小)+ shape(形状)+ age(年龄、时间)+ color(颜色)+ origin(国籍、来源)+ material(材料)+ purpose(目的)+ 名词。
▲This ________ girl is Linda’s co usin. (05北京卷)A. pretty little SpanishB. Spanish little prettyC. Spanish pretty littleD. little pretty Spanish3.形容词(短语)作伴随状语As he looked at the goat, it rolled over, dead. 当他看着山羊的时候,山羊翻了个身,死了。
Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.由于害怕困难,他们宁愿走好走的路。
III. 形容词和副词的比较等级形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级,比较级和最高级。
比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est,多音节和一些双音节注意:1. 可以修饰比较级的词有:much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal;2. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。
冠词易错知识点高考随着高考的临近,语文考试对于学生来说变得越来越重要。
而在语法知识中,冠词是一个容易被忽视的知识点。
然而,正确使用冠词却是一次考试中拿分的重要技巧之一。
下面,我们就来探讨一些容易让人迷惑的冠词用法。
一、一般的名词前使用不定冠词"a"或"an",而不是定冠词"the"。
但有一些特殊情况需要注意。
1. 当名词前有形容词修饰,表示一类人或物时,使用不定冠词。
例如:I saw a tall man walking down the street.2. 名词前有序数词修饰时,使用不定冠词。
例如:She gave birth toa second child last month.3. 当表示职业身份时,使用不定冠词。
例如:He wants to become an engineer when he grows up.二、当名词表达唯一或以某种方式独特时,使用定冠词"the"。
1. 当上下文中明确指代的事物时,使用定冠词。
例如:The boy who was standing by the door is my brother.2. 指当前所说的事物时,使用定冠词。
例如:The car I bought last year is already broken.3. 特指某个国家、地区、河流等特定的地方时,使用定冠词。
例如:The Great Wall is a famous tourist attraction in China.三、冠词在表示时间和地点时的常见用法也是易错的地方。
1. 表示某个具体的时间时,使用定冠词。
例如:We have an event at the school on the seventh of May.2. 当表示习惯性的动作、状况时,不使用冠词。
例如:He enjoys playing basketball in the morning.3. 在表示地点时,"in"用于较大的区域,"on"用于较小的地方,"at"用于表示精确或特定地点。
专题 01 冠词关键词:定冠词,不定冠词,零冠词,泛指,特指难度系数:✱✱✱✱推荐指数:✱✱✱✱✱【基础回顾】考点归纳:冠词的泛指和特指是冠词学习的难点之一,也是高考考查的焦点所在。
解题时考生要结合语境分析究竟设空处是表示“泛指”还是表示“特指”:1.表泛指(指一类人或事物中的任何一个,而不具体指哪一个),用不定冠词;2.表特指(特指某人、某事、某物,指上文中提到的或正在谈论的人或物,或者是谈话双方都知道的人或事物),用定冠词。
3. 抽象名词属于不可数名词,前面一般不用冠词;但用来表示具体的人或事时,其前用不定冠词。
4. 比较级和最高级前冠词的选择“a/an+比较级”表示“(众多人或事物中)比……更……的一个”,属于泛指;“the +比较级”表示“两者中较……的一个”。
“the+最高级”表示三者或三者以上的人或事物中“最……的一个”;“a most+形容词”表示“很……,非常……”。
5. 冠词的固定搭配。
基础必读:(1)定冠词的常考必备:①定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有“这 / 那个”之意,但语气较弱,可以和名词连用,表示某个或某些特定的人或物。
②叙述上文提到过的特定的事物或上文未提到,但听话者一定知其所指。
③用于序数词、形容词的比较级、最高级以及形容词only,very,same之前。
④用于表示地球、宇宙中的独一无二的事物尤指各种天体或世界上比较有影响的物体名词前。
⑤用于表示具体的地点、方位,具体的时间或某天的一部分等。
⑥用于表示山川、河流、海洋、群岛、报纸、杂志、朝代的专有名词及由普通名词构成的专有名词之前等等。
(2) 不定冠词的常考必备:①表示数量“一”,与one相近。
②用在首次提到的人或物之前,表泛指。
③用在物质名词、抽象名词之前,表示“一阵,一场,一种……”,也可以表示引起某种情绪的事,即抽象名词具体化使用。
④用于be of a(an)+ n.结构中,表示“相同……的”。
xx年高考英语易错点点睛与高考突破冠词和名词马上就要了,了一些比拟有针对性的高考英语复习技巧资料给大家参考,希望可以帮助同学们提高自身综合英语能力,战胜高考。
1.名词词组以及普通名词在详细语境中的运用2.名词的可数和不可数3.名词作定语和在一些固定短语中的用法4.冠词常见的习惯搭配用法和局部物质名词、抽象名词详细化之后的冠词用法5.名词作直接定语与名词所有格作定语的区别6.名词作定语和其同根的形容词作定语的区别7.冠词在固定短语中的有无问题难点 1 名词作直接定语与名词所有格作定语的区别1.The is just around the corner and you won’t miss it.A. bicycle’s shopB. bicycle shopC. bicycles shopD. bicycles’shop[pic]难点2 名词作定语和其同根的形容词作定语的区别2. When we are in France, China is an country.A. eastB. easterC. eastwardD. eastern[pic]难点3 冠词在固定短语中的有无问题3. I didn’t expect that Tom would my failure to a chieve his owngoal.A. make use ofB. make the most ofC. take advantage ofD. take the advantage of[pic]【变式探究】1 This set of golf clubs was sent by .A. a friend of my fatherB. my father’s friendC. my father friend’sD. a friend of my father’s答案: D解析:双重所有格,“我父亲的一个朋友”。
得高考英语者得天下,离高考还剩几天,趁这段时间赶紧复习下高考英语应试技巧还来得及,希望今天推荐的方法对大家有用。
冠词考点知识梳理背诵1.零冠词用法☆表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词等的前面用零冠词。
☆东、西方都有的节日名称前不用冠词,如: New Year's Day, Christmas, National Day, Army Day等;但中国特有的节日一般用定冠词,如: the Spring Festival, the MidAutumn Festival等☆月份、日期前一般不用冠词,如: in October, on March 8th等。
☆三餐名词前不用冠词,如: have breakfast/ lunch/dinner等;但有定语修饰时,需加不定冠词,如: have a big breakfast, have a wonderful lunch gf☆表示体育运动,棋牌类的名词前不用冠词,如:play football/ / cards/chess等;但乐器名词前需加定冠词,如play the violin/ the piano等。
☆作表语、补足语、同位语的唯一职位名词前,不用冠词。
如: John is captain of the team☆表示“变成”的tun后、作表语的单数名词前不用冠词。
如: He was a teacher before he turned writer☆用于让步状语从句倒装的单数可数名词前不用冠词。
如Child as heis(=Although he is a child), he knows a lot☆by构成的表示方式的短语中,不用冠词,如: by bus、by plane、by air、by land2.不定冠词a/an的用法☆泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
☆用于序数词前表示“又一”“再一”或用于形容词最高级前意为“很,非常”。
☆用于具体化了的抽象名词前,如: He was a success in business☆在专有名词前表示“某一个”“类似的一个”如:A Mr Smith wants to see you☆用于of短语中表示“同(= the same),如:Tomand Kate are of an age3定冠词the的用法巧记定冠词the用法口诀:特指双方熟悉,上文已经提起。
2017年高考英语(考点解读+命题热点突破)专题01 名词和冠词编辑整理:尊敬的读者朋友们:这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的,发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对,但是难免会有疏漏的地方,但是任然希望(2017年高考英语(考点解读+命题热点突破)专题01 名词和冠词)的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
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专题01 名词和冠词【考向解读】单项填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的辨析、单复数、名词的固定搭配、名词的格、名词在特殊语境中的应用、名词的熟词生义以及名词与冠词搭配使用的情况等。
冠词多考查冠词的基本用法。
掌握名词和冠词的用法显得尤为重要。
【命题热点突破一】名词词义辨析1.【2016·江苏】___ —Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life?—Living every day to the full, definitely。
A。
recipe B. record C。
range D. receipt【答案】A名词词义辨析主要考查考生对基本词汇的掌握程度和名词在具体语境中的运用.常见考查形式有:异义词辨析、同义词辨析和近义词辨析.在做题时,先弄清题中每个名词的意义及用法,然后根据语境选择符合句意的名词。
常考的几组名词辨析有:1.cause,reason,excuse2.award,reward,prize3.sight,view,scene,scenery4.anger,rudeness,regret,panic5.condition,situation,state,position6.reputation,influence,impression,attention7.expectation,reputation,contribution,civilization8.accommodation,occupation,adaptation,appreciation【易错提醒】在高考词义辨析题中,有一种“熟词生义”题型,即题目中所填的词是考生所熟悉的,但所考查的含义却是不常见的.这就要求考生在掌握单词基本词义的基础上,善于结合不同的语境去体会、感悟单词的含义。
冠词中高考易错知识点冠词是英语中非常重要的一部分,也是很多学生在高考中容易出错的知识点。
冠词分为定冠词(the)、不定冠词(a/an)和零冠词(没有冠词)。
在高考中,考查冠词的形式和用法经常出现。
下面我将从不同的角度,从常见的易错知识点出发,来详细解析冠词的使用。
首先,我们来看一下a与an的用法。
a为辅音音素前使用,an为元音音素前使用。
这是冠词的一个基本规则,但是在实际运用中,学生常常会出现错误。
例如,有些同学会在不是以元音音素开头的单词前使用an,这是错误的。
正确的用法为在辅音音素前使用a。
例如,我们应该说"a book"而不是"an book"。
另外,还有一点需要注意的是,当一个单词的音标表达形式是元音音素,默认情况下,我们应该使用an。
但是在实际运用中,有些同学会出现错误。
例如,我们应该说"an honest person"而不是"a honest person"。
其次,我们来看一下定冠词the的用法。
定冠词the是英语中最常见的冠词,也是最容易出错的冠词之一。
它的使用和意义涉及到特指、泛指、独一无二、谈论上下文等方面。
首先,当我们特指某一个人或某一物体时,我们就要使用the。
例如,我们谈论的是那个同学"sitting at the desk"时,我们应该说"the student sitting atthe desk"。
另外,当我们泛指某一类人或某一类事物时,我们也要使用the。
例如,我们想表达人类普遍的特征"the sun rises in the east"就是一个很好的例子。
此外,当我们涉及到上下文时,也要使用the。
例如,当我们上文已经提到某一人或某一物体时,下文对其进行引用时,我们就要使用the。
例如,上文我们提到"The book is onthe table."那么接下来的话我们就可以说"The book is interesting."。
专题01 名词冠词一真题感悟1.(2021高考全国甲卷)It allows the traveler to become educated about the areas--both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provide money for conservation and benefits the ____(develop) of the local areas.【答案】development【解析】考查词性转换。
动词变为名词。
前面是the,后面是介词of,中间应当使用名词形式。
2.(2021高考全国乙卷)_____(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking and accommodations aim ______(have) a low impact on the natural environment.【答案】Activities【解析】考查名词单复数。
根据下文range from whale watching to hiking...可知活动不止一个,需用复数形式。
3.(2020高考全国卷I)The far side of the moon is of particular______( interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山),more so than the familiar near side.【答案】interest【解析】考查词性转换中的名词。
be of+抽象名词,且设空前为形容词particular故此处需要名词interest。
4. (2020高考全国卷II) Chinese New Year is a______(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.【答案】celebration【解析】考查词性转换中的名词。
英语:冠词和名词经典易错题会诊命题角度1 名词词组以及普通名词在具体语境中的运用1.(典型例题) The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has all over the country.A. companiesB. branchesC. organizationsD. businesses2.(典型例题)] Don’t leave matches or cigarett es on the table within of little children.A. handB. reachC. spaceD. distance3.(典型例题) The face of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a of 60 miles.A. lengthB. distanceC. wayD. space4.(典型例题)In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the in personality.A. contactB. contrastC. connectionD. conflict再如:(典型例题)Chinese arts have won the of a Lot of people outside China.A. enjoymentB. appreciationC. entertainmentD. reputation5.(典型例题) He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his was seen at its best when he worked with others.A. temperB. appearanceC. talentD. character、专家会诊1.英语中专有名词是指个人、国家、地方、机构、组织等所有的名称,如Asiathe Nile,China,THE Great Wall.普通名词(一般可为数),表示一类的人或物的个体,如:car ,book,student等;集体名词(一般为不可数),表示一群人或一类物的集合体,如jewelry,class,majority等;抽象名词(一般为不可数),表示品质、行为、状态、感情或其他抽象概念如danger,anger,friendship,encouragement等;物质名词(一般为不可数),表示无法分为个体的实物,如salt,water,coffee,silk等。
专题01 冠词【2017年高考命题预测】冠词是高考中的高频考点,主要以考查冠词在具体语境中的正确使用为主。
预测今后考点分布在对不定冠词的考查;定冠词的考查;不用冠词的情况以及一些固定词组中冠词的正确使用。
从高考命题来看,冠词考点常以单项填空、语法填空(语篇)和短文改错的形式出现,它可能把冠词的各种用法结合名词一起进行考查。
建议在复习时:1.掌握冠词的基本用法;2.掌握冠词的习惯用法;3.在解答试题时,要从翻译的角度去做,如果能够准确地翻译出句子的意思,就能够解答此题。
复习建议1. 根据知识网络将冠词的基本用法记牢,这是你做好试题的前提。
2. 熟悉一些名词的用法,和冠词结合。
有很多不可数名词,有时候被具体化的情况,也是考查的重点。
3. 多做练习,能够提高熟悉语境的能力,很多考题是要和语境相联系起来考查的,这方面一定要重视。
【考点定位】2017考纲解读和近几年考点分布冠词是历年高考的必考知识点,常出现在单项选择、语法填空(语篇)和短文改错中。
虽说只有两类,共三个(不定冠词a, an和定冠词the),但其使用规则很复杂,一直是让考生感到很头痛的一类命题。
需要说明的是:在近年高考试题中,冠词主要是在语法填空的语篇中进行考查。
但从整套试题来看,在短文改错、书面表达、阅读理解等题型中对冠词的隐性考查可谓无处不在。
在日常交际中,几乎每说一句话、每写一篇日记、每读一篇文章都会涉及到冠词的运用。
因而不论高考的考查形式如何变化,冠词仍应是高考复习的重点知识。
纵观历年高考试题,冠词考点主要集中在以下内容:1.考查不定冠词a ,an表示个别或泛指的用法;2.考查定冠词the特指某一个人或事物的用法;3.考查不定冠词和定冠词在固定搭配中的用法;4.考查零冠词(即省略冠词)表示泛指及其习惯搭配用法;5.考查冠词在表示类别名词前的用法;6.考查不定冠词在具体化抽象名词前的用法;7.考查冠词在比较级前的用法;8. 考查冠词在其他特殊结构中的用法。
2017年高考一轮复习专题一名词、冠词和代词专题一名词、冠词和代词名词:A卷全国卷语法填空/单句改错:1.(2016·全国Ⅰ,61)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top________(attract).2.(2016·全国Ⅰ,69)The nursery team switches him every few ________(day) with his sister. 3.(2016·全国Ⅰ,短文改错)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.________. 4.(2016·全国Ⅱ)Handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of ________(achieve).5. (2016·全国Ⅱ)Recent________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.6.(2016·全国Ⅲ)Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of ________(apple).7.(2015·全国Ⅰ)I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestonemountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese________(painting).8.(2015·全国Ⅰ,短文改错)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Many rare animals are dying out.________ 9.(2014·全国Ⅰ,69)While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the________(change)are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.10.(2014·全国Ⅰ,短文改错)Since then—for all these year—we have been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please.________B卷地方卷1.(2016·北京,阅读C)Although these ________(measure) are not effective forever, they are vital for now.2.(2016·北京,阅读D)The college years are supposed to be a time for important ________(grow) in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity.and had a bad fall.10.(2015·安徽)There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some_______(think) and then let me know.冠词: A卷全国卷1.(2016·全国Ⅰ)In 1931,Addams became________ first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.2.(2016·全国Ⅱ,48)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for________while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. 3.(2016·全国Ⅱ,短文改错)In that case, we will learn little about world.________ 4.(2016·全国Ⅱ)A new collection of photos brings ________unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.5.(2016·全国Ⅲ,阅读C)Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with ________interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园).6.(2015·全国Ⅰ,短文改错)Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home incountryside.________7.(2015·全国Ⅱ,短文改错)A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.________8.(2014·全国Ⅰ,63)Now, years later, this river is one of________most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.9.(2014·全国Ⅰ,短文改错)As result, the plants are growing everywhere.________ 10.(2014·全国Ⅱ,短文改错)There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.________B卷地方卷1.(2016·北京,完形)It was ________ cold January in 1925 in North Alaska.The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.2.(2016·四川,阅读B)They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess: the power to make ________ difference in the lives of others.3.(2016·江苏,阅读C)El Ninõ,________Spanish term for “the Christ child”,was named by South American fisherman. 4.(2016·浙江,2)________prize for the winner of the competition is ________two-week holiday in Paris.5.(2015·江苏,33)—Why didn’t you invite John to your birthday party?—Well, you know he’s ________ wet blanket. 6.(2015·浙江,2)Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write ________ children’s book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ________ way.7.(2015·重庆,3)I just heard _______bank where Dora works was robbed by _______gunman wearing a mask. 8.(2015·陕西,14)________ more learned a man is,________more modest he usually becomes. 9.(2015·四川,5)Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be ________ Beethoven. 10.(2014·陕西,19)________ village where I was born has grown into ________ town.代词:A卷全国卷1.(2016·全国Ⅰ,68)On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by ________(it) mother. 2.(2016·全国Ⅱ,短文改错)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.________3.(2016·全国Ⅱ,短文改错)It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.________4.(2016·全国Ⅲ,短文改错)At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.________ 5.(2016·全国Ⅲ,阅读D)No news is good news, and good news is no news.________are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.6.(2015·全国Ⅰ,短文改错)We must find ways to protect your environment.________ 7.(2015·全国Ⅱ,短文改错)Five minutes later,Tony saw parents.________ 8.(2014·全国大纲,25)—Who’s that at thedoor?—________is the milkman.9.(2014·全国大纲,短文改错)Otherwise, it is impossible for him to help each other and to make their friendship last long.________B卷地方卷1.(2016·北京,阅读A)For the first time, Ifeel good about ________ (me) because I’m doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good.2.(2016·四川,七选五)Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. However, women, on average, live longer.In general, ________can expect to live six or seven years more than men.3.(2016·四川,短文改错)When my father came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.________4.(2016·浙江)In many ways , the education system in the US is not very differentfrom________in the UK.5.(2015·浙江,12)How would you like ________ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?6.(2015·陕西,13)To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the ________.7.(2015·福建,21)The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but ________ contained any useful suggestions.8.(2014·江西,32)—When shall I call,in the morning or afternoon?—________.I’ll be in all day. 9.(2014·四川,1)She’d lived in London and Manchester,but she liked ________ and moved to Cambridge.10.(2014·山东)Susan made_______clear to me that she wished to make a new life .专题一参考答案:名词A卷:1.attraction2.days3.honest→honesty4.achievement5.studies6.apples,7.paintings8. airs→air9.changes 10.year→years,名词B卷:1.measures2.growth3. lives4.houseworks→housework5.effects6.adjustments7.apology/apologies8. stress9. balance 10. thought冠词A卷:1. the2. a3.about 后加the4. an5. an6.country 前加 the7.第二个a→the 8. the 9.as后加a 10.去掉第一个the冠词B卷:1. a2. a3. a4.The, a5.a6.a,the7. the, a8.The, the9.a 10.The, a代词A卷:1.i ts2.your→our3.many→much4.yourself →myself5.Those/These/They6.your→our7.saw后加his8. It9.him→them代词B卷:1.myself2.they3. her→his4.that5.it6. other7.neither8.Either9.neither 10. it。
高考英语冠词知识点总结在高考英语中,冠词是一个非常基础且常考的语法知识点。
虽然在具体使用时可能有一些细微的差别,但总的来说,英语中的冠词分为三类:定冠词(the)、不定冠词(a/an)和零冠词。
一、定冠词(the)定冠词“the”在英语中使用频率很高,它具体有以下几种情况的使用:1. 特指某一事物或某一类事物时,我们通常用“the”来引用,例如:- The sun rises in the east.- The car parked in front of the house is yellow.2. 当前文中已经提到了某人或某事物,并再次引用时,我们也要使用“the”,例如:- I saw a dog in the park. The dog was black and white.3. 定冠词也可用于表达乐器、职位、团体等,例如:- She plays the piano very well.- He is the director of the company.二、不定冠词(a/an)不定冠词“a/an”用来指代泛指的事物,它具体有以下几种情况的使用:1. 不定冠词“a”用来修饰以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词,例如:- I saw a dog in the park.- She wants to buy a car.2. 不定冠词“an”用来修饰以元音音素开头的单数可数名词,例如:- I saw an elephant in the zoo.- She wants to adopt an abandoned cat.3. 不定冠词还可以用来表示“每一”或“任何一个”的意思,例如:- He spends an hour in the gym every day.- I need a pen to write this letter.三、零冠词零冠词即指在某些情况下不使用冠词。
以下是一些常见的使用情况:1. 名词前有形容词最高级或序数词时,不使用冠词,例如:- He is the tallest boy in our class.- This is my first attempt.2. 名词前有表示国籍、宗教、语言、学科、运动、餐饮等词语时,不使用冠词,例如:- He is studying Chinese.- They practice soccer every day.3. 名词前若有所有格或物主代词修饰时,通常不使用冠词,例如:- My father's car is blue.- Their house is big.总结:掌握冠词的使用是高考英语考试中必备的知识点,它不仅在选择题中经常出现,而且在阅读理解和写作中也有涉及。
高考英语备考总动员易错点睛系列专题01 名词与冠词(教师版)考前必读名词在历年高考中一直是考察的重点项目之一,每年全国约有一半的高考试题涉及名词。
命题者主要从名词的词义入手,考察近义名词的辨析、形近名词的辨析以及名词的固定搭配等方便,同时,题干也从呼应、对比等方面提供足够的信息,考察学生根据语境理解和辨析名词的能力。
2012年高考英语试题对名词的考察也会涉及这些方面。
易错点睛易错点1 忽视抽象名词具体化的用法【易错题l】—How about ______ Christmas evening party?—I should say it was ______ suc cess.A. a; aB. The; aC. a;不填 D. the; 不填【答案】B【错因透视】抽象名词具体化往往表示具有某种特性、情感、情绪的人或物,这时要在该名词前加不定冠词,如:in surprise惊奇地,a surprise一件惊奇的事情;with pleasure 愉快地,a pleasure一件愉快的事情;worry about担忧,a worry一件令人担忧的事情;must一定,a must一件必须做的事情;youth青春,a youth一个年轻人;beauty美丽,a beauty一个美人;wonder惊奇,a wonder一件令人惊奇的事情;danger危险,a danger 危险人/物;trade贸易,a trade一桩生意/买卖;have pity on sb.可怜某人,What apity!多么遗憾!易错点2没有结合语境和词义对名词进行正确辨析【易错题l】From their _______ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can havea better view of the city.A. stageB. positionC. conditionD.situation【答案】B【错因透视】名词的辨析题是高考的重点,主要考查名词在特定语境下的应用,所以必须先弄清题中每个名词的意义及用法,然后根据语境选择符合句意的名词。
专题01 名词和冠词近几年高考单项填空中单独考查名词的题目相对较少,多与冠词一起进行考查,但完形填空中对名词的考查一直是重点,且考查范围较广。
其命题趋势仍将是:在不同语言环境中去识别词义,进行词义辨析,是高考考查的重点。
因此,考生不仅要弄清词义,而且也要把握好语言环境,在单项填空、完形填空中这类试题会继续出现。
建议考生在复习中注意名词的词义辨析。
冠词是历年高考英语试题中的常考点。
主要考查在理解冠词基本含义的基础上,在具体语境下的冠词的运用,主要包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别,名词前不用冠词的情况,特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。
热点题型一名词的数例1、Games, often seen as________activity for children, are still important in________development of teenagers.A. the; theB. an; theC. an; 不填D. the; 不填【答案】B【提分秘籍】名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。
1.可数名词的复数(1)可数名词变复数一般都是直接加s;词尾若是s,x,ch,sh,在词尾加esdesk→desks;dish→dishes stomach的复数形式是stomachs(2)以”辅音字母+y”结尾的词,要变y为i再加esstudy→studies(3)以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为vesleaf→leaves(4)以字母o结尾的名词,多数加spiano→pianos(5)单、复数同形sheep;deer(6)单、复数都要加s的名词works(工厂);means(方法)有一些例外情况:(1)巧记以o结尾加es的名词:黑人英雄吃西红柿和马铃薯。
(即Negro,hero,tomato和potato四个词)(2)巧记以f或fe结尾的名词在变复数时直接加s:海湾(gulf)里的首领(chief)只相信(belief)放在屋顶(roof)保险箱(safe)里的证据(proof)。
专题01 名词与冠词1.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,61)But for tourists like me,pandas are its top ________(attract).【答案】attraction【解析】句意:但是对于像我一样的游客来说,大熊猫是最大的吸引。
形容词top“头等的;最重要的”后面跟名词形式。
2.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,69)The nursery team switches him every few ________(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed...【答案】days3.(2016·新课标Ⅱ,42)Then,handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________(achieve).【答案】achievement【解析】句意:然后,首先处理最重要的任务,那么你会感到真正意义上的成就。
介词of后应用名词作宾语。
4.(2016·新课标Ⅱ,46)Recent ________(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.【答案】studies【解析】句意:最近的研究显示如果我们有规律地进行短暂的休息的话,我们工作的效率会更高。
study“研究”为可数名词,本句的谓语动词为sh ow,说明主语应用名词复数studies。
5.(2016·新课标Ⅲ,68)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the ________ (develop)of chopsticks.【答案】development【解析】句意:一些人认为大约生活于公元前551年到479年间的中国伟大学者孔子影响了筷子的发展。
根据空格前面的the可知,所填词应用名词形式。
6.(2016·四川,65)Any smell might attract natural ________(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda.【答案】enemies【解析】句意:任何气味都有可能吸引自然界中那些想要吃掉熊猫宝宝的敌人。
根据常识可知,此处表示“吸引了自然界中的敌人”,故填可数名词enemy的复数形式。
7.(2016·浙江,4)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time,as late ________(pay)may affect your credit.【答案】payments【解析】句意:准时付电费很重要,因为支付晚了会影响你的信用。
前面有形容词late修饰,此处应用名词形式,payment可用作可数名词,所以用复数形式。
8.(2016·浙江,8)We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our _______ _(different)unite,rather than divide us.【答案】differences【解析】句意:当我们学会“求同存异”,而不是“分崩离析”的时候,我们就能获得很多。
物主代词our后面接名词,这里是指“我们的差异”,所以用复数形式。
9.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,70)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed,________ other is with mum—she never suspects.【答案】the10.(2016·新课标Ⅱ,48)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while,exercising,or doing something you enjoy.【答案】a【解析】句意:你可以先出去一会儿,通过锻炼或做些你喜欢的事情来让你的身体和大脑得到休息。
for a while意为“一会儿”。
易错起源1 望词生义例1. We most prefer to say yes to the________of someone we know and like.(attempts, requests, doubts, promises)答案:requests 解析:本题结合名词词义辨析考查语境选词。
句意:我们大都更愿意答应我们所了解和喜欢人的________。
attempt尝试;request要求,请求;doubt怀疑;promise保证,允诺。
由语境可知,只能是对别人的请求(requests)说yes,即:答应对方的请求。
【名师点睛】同义词、近义词甚至是形近词有着不同的含义和适用场合,要特别注意在特定语境中准确运用词汇和语法知识的能力。
平时要努力扩大词汇量,做题时要深入理解语境,整体把握,结合句意作出最佳选择。
【锦囊妙计,战胜自我】名词词义辨析是高考的热点,主要考查考生结合语境区分词义的能力,因而在记忆单词时,一定要结合语境体会其意义。
如近几年高考中常出现的:(1)expectation(期望);reputation(声誉);contribution(贡献);civilization(文明)(2)accommodation(住宿);occupation(职业);adaptation(适应,改编);appreciation(欣赏)易错起源2 误用冠词例2、I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilsons' because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village.【名师点睛】1.用于表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词等之前。
Knowledge begins with practice.知识从实践开始。
Teachers should be respected.教师应该受到尊重。
2.东、西方都有的节日名称前不用冠词,如:New Year's Day, Christmas, National Day, Army Day 等;但中国的节日一般用定冠词,如:the Spring Festival, the MidAutumn Festival等。
3.月份、日期前一般不用冠词,如:in October, on March 8等。
4.三餐名词前不用冠词,如:have breakfast/lunch/dinner等。
但有定语修饰时需加不定冠词,如:have a big breakfast,have a wonderful lunch等。
5.表示体育运动的名词前不用冠词,如:play football/cards/chess等;但乐器名词前需加定冠词,如:play the violin/the piano等。
6.用于作表语、补足语、同位语的唯一职位名词前。
John is captain of the team.约翰是这个队的队长。
They elected him president of the society.他们选他为协会会长。
7.用于表示“变成”的turn后、作表语的单数名词前。
He was a teacher before he turned writer.他成为作家之前是教师。
8.用于让步状语从句倒装的单数可数名词前。
Child as he is (=Although he is a child), he knows a lot.他虽然是个孩子,但懂得很多。
9.用于某些用介词by构成的表方式的短语中。
by bus 乘公共汽车 by plane/by air 乘飞机by land 走陆路 by sea 走海路by phone 用电话 by letter 用信件by post 用邮寄 by hand 用手工10.用于某些独立主格结构中。
The teacher came in, book in hand (=with a book in his hand).老师走了进来,手里拿着书。
【锦囊妙计,战胜自我】冠词运用一定要注意语境。
易错起源3 序数词、比较级、最高级前误用定冠词例3.His English is ________ second to none. And he is going to learn ________ second language in ________ second grade.A./;a;the B.the;the;aC./;the;a D.a;the;the【答案】A【名师点睛】1.泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
A teacher shouldn't talk like that.教师不应当那样讲话。
2.用于序数词前表示“又一”“再一”。
用于形容词最高级前意为“很,非常”。
We'll have to do it a second time.我们得再做一次。
He is a most wise man.他是一个十分明智的人。
3.用于具体化了的抽象名词前。
He was a success in business.他是事业成功人士。
4.在专有名词前表示“某一个”“类似的一个”。
A Mr. Smith wants to see you.一位史密斯先生想见你。
5.用于of短语中表示“同一”(=the same)。
Tom and Kate are of an age.汤姆与凯特同岁。
易错起源4 名词固定搭配例4.The smallest good habits can make a big ________.【名师点睛】高考考查名词构成的固定搭配主要有两类:“动词+名词”和“介词+名词”。
如:have a good reputation,take advantage of和in great demand, in quantity.在处理此类题目时,一要读懂句子的题干意义,二要注意短语的构成和意义以及不同语境下的应用。