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Module4 Grammar and Vocabulary精品教案Teaching objectives:1. To learn new words and expressions and learn how to use them.2. To review of the passive voices.Difficult and important points:1. Get the students to know how to use passive voices:一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态2. The usage of: hide, pretend, memory, wander, come to an end, dress up; consist of be good for ,date from.Teaching procedures:Step 1. RevisionRead the sentences and find out what grammar are they?1. Is the room cleaned every day?2. We were woken up by a loud noise during the night.3. Something must be done before it is too late.4. Have you heard the news? The President has been shot?5. The car was three years old but hadn’t been used very much.6. There’s somebody walking behind us. I thin k we are being followed.Step 2. Presentation—被动语态被动语态的基本形式是: be +过去分词根据时态的不同, be的形式有所变化. (1) 一般现在时的被动语态: am/is /are+过去分词(口语可用get/become或got /became)(2) 一般过去时的被动语态:was /were+过去分词被动语态的基本用法:不知道或没有必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态.强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态.(有时可省略).使用被动语态应注意的几个问题.(1) 主动变被动时双宾语的变化. 看下列例句eg: 我朋友在我生日时送我一本有趣的书.My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.— An interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on my birthday.—I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday.(2) 主动变被动时,宾补成主补(位置不变);作宾补的省略to的不定时在被动语态中应加to.eg: 老板让他整天工作.The boss made him work all day long.— He was made to work all day long (by the boss).(3) 短语动词变被动语态时,勿要掉”尾巴”.eg: 孩子们被他照顾的很好.—The children were taken good care of ( by her).eg: 要注意一下你的发音和拼写.—Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.(4) 情态动词和be going to, be to, be sure to ,used to, have to, had better等结构变被动语态,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。
Module4 Grammar and Listening一、基础知识积累(一) 语态分类英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
如：They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be+ 及物动词的过去分词构成。
(二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。
［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。
(三) 被动语态常用的八种时态构成I 单项选择1. In some parts of the world, tea ______ with milk and sugar.A. is servingB. is servedC. servesD. served2. This is Tom’s phone. We miss him a lot .He ______ trying to save a child in the earthquake.A. killedB. is killedC. was killedD. was killing3. --- Have you moved into the new house?--- Not yet, the rooms______.A. are being paintedB. are paintingC. are paintedD. are being painting4. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ______ yet.A. are not decidedB. have not been decidedC. is not being decidedD. has not been decided5. The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that 3out of 4 of the tickets ______.A. was bookedB. had been bookedC. were bookedD. have been booked6. Having a trip aboard is good for the old couple, but it remains ______whether they will enjoy it.A. to seeB. to be seenC. seeingD. seen7. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ______ into buying something they don’t really need.A. to persuadedB. persuadingC. being persuadedD. be persuaded8. I feel it is your husband who ______ for the spoiled child.A. is to blameB. is going to blameC. is to be blamedD. should blame9. ---You’ve made great progress in your studies of English, haven’t you? --- Yes, but much ______.A. remains to doB. is remained to doC. remains to be doneD. is remained to be done10. It ______ quite correct that happiness comes from thinking about things in a positive way.A. has turned outB. has been turned outC. is turning outD. is turned out11. True patriotism（爱国主义）______ putting the interests of one country above everything, ______ one’s life.A. consists of; containingB. consists of; includingC. consists in; includingD. consisting; containing12. ---Everybody in the city is very careful about beef, pork and mutton.--- Of course, ______ they will be infected with foot and mouth disease.A. If notB. If everC. If possibleD. If so13. We Chinese people all feel proud that China has entered a new __ of prosperity.A. timeB. eraC. yearD. month14. ---Will you go to the party? ---Of course I will if ______.A. I was invitedB. invitedC. having invitedD. I will be invited15. No one likes ______.A. to make fun ofB. to have fun ofC. to be made funD. to be made fun of16. Most of the family are musicians with gift, which runs ______.A. in their bloodB. in the bloodsC. to their bloodD. to the bloods17. The composer has been dead for many years, but the interest in his music ______ recently.A. has repeatedB. has regainedC. has revivedD. has recovered18. The medicine team ______ 6 groups are setting off on their journey to the flooded area next week.A. making up ofB. making upC. consisted ofD. consisting of19. ______ some of his fat, the middle-aged man decided to do morning exercises more.A. Walking offB. Walking awayC. To walk offD. To walk away20. My mother has to wash a handful of pills ______ with a big glass of water.A. upB. outC. downD. offII 完成句子1. The train _______ _______ _______ passengers. (火车上挤满了乘客)2. I’ve _______ _______ _______ finished reading the book. (我差不多读完了这本书)3. We Chinese _______ the Spring Festival _______ the beginning of a year. (我们中国人把春节看作是一年的开始)4. On June 1.children _______ _______ to celebrate their own festival. (六月一日，孩子们盛装打扮起来庆祝自己的节日)III 阅读理解AMany students trying to increase their effective reading speed become discouraged when they find that if they try to race through a passage faster, they fail to take in what they have read. At the end, they have so busily “read faster” that they cannot remember what the passage was about, while still many other students complain to their teachers that they cannot read faster. That is because they move the first finger along the line of print, pointing to each word, sometimes even to individual letters, saying the word or letters to themselves in a low voice. Even though sometimes the learner makes no sound, his lips may move to form the words. Sometimes there is not even any perceptible(可感知的) movement of the mouth at all, but the learner is still activating his throat muscle slightly to say the words to himself.The problems here are that material they are practicing on is either too difficult for them in vocabulary or content, or not sufficiently interesting. However slight the extent of vocalizing may be itwill be impossible for a reader to reach a speed of more than about 280 wpm (words per minute). Any books beyond your level of ability or any subjects unfamiliar to you will not attract your full interest.If you want a quick check on how easy a book is, read through three or four passages without purpose. If there are, on average, more than five or six words in each passage that are completely new to you, then the book is not suitable for reading-speed improvement. You cannot achieve a permanent improvement in your reading speed if most of the time you are practicing reading slowly.1. What does the underlined word “activating” in Para.1 mean?A. restraining(抑制)B. operatingC. actingD. feeling2. What is the main idea of the passage?A. How to raise a good habit of readingB. How to increase the reading speedC. The way to the increase of reading speedD. The obstacle(障碍) to the increase of reading speed.3. According to (根据)the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?A.It is sometimes possible to see three words at once without moving your eyes.B.Reading practice material should not be too hardC.It is more important to read fast than to understand what is readD.You should never read books that have five or six new words per page4. If a reader wants to be a fast reader, he should _____.A. start with reading familiar and easy booksB. pay particular attention to the way of reading rather than the contentC. read the passages familiar or unfamiliar with no pause at allD. pay attention to the speed rather than the content of the booksBSome businesses and apartment buildings are telling kids to go away. A device （设备）called the Mosquito is being used in the United Kingdom, Australia, and New York to keep kids from gathering in big groups and causing trouble.The Mosquito makes a noise that only kids can hear. About 3000 Mosquito units have been fixed in the United Kingdom. In the United States, managers of an apartment building in New York City recentlyfixed one to keep noisy kids from taking over the building’s entrance-hall.A children’s rights agency in England wants the device forbidden. The agency says the device unfairly targets teens. Some also worry that the high sounds could hurt young ears. Fans of the Mosquito say it keeps kids out of trouble and off private property.“Mosquito devices violate (侵犯) the human rights of kids. The use of the devices is targeted at kids because it considers all kids as troublemakers. The devices are also harmful because the noise could hurt kids’ hearing. Besides violating our rights, the Mosquito is dangerous. It could hurt the ears and the hearing of teens, babies and animals because they are more sensitive,” says California eighth grader Kelly Straky. “It is not right to place th e device in a public place. Teenagers have as much right to public places as adults.I listened to the Mosquito sound, and it was extremely loud. It hurts not only your ears but also your whole head. It isn’t just annoying; it’s painful. It should not be allowed.”Fans of the Mosquito believe that property owners have a right to decide who can be on their property and who cannot. Mosquito devices are a method of protecting private property and keeping the peace. Property laws are put into place to protect the public.“Yes, I do believe that the rights of teens should be valued, but we must always put ourselves in other people’s shoes and see the other side. In this case, doing so allows people to understand the negative effects, such as crime, that loitering (滞留) can have on an area or a community,” said Kayla Hill from New York.5. Who are probably fans of the Mosquito?A. Teachers.B. Agents.C. Shop owners.D. Lawyers.6. According to the passage, the Mosquito ___________.A. is always disturbing the kidsB. is a safety tool aimed at youthsC. is mostly purchased by the agencyD. is a troublemaker intended for adults7. We can learn from the passage that Kelly Straky ___________.A. keeps a close eye on her private propertyB. attaches importance to the rights of teensC. hears the noise of the Mosquito frequentlyD. believes many kids are causing annoying problems8. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?A. Kayla Hill suggests protecting teenagers’ hearing.B. Kayla Hill puts himself in other people’s shoes.C. Kayla Hill points out the negative effects of the Mosquito.D. Kayla Hill stresses the need to fix the Mosquito.CCulture determines what kind of thinking is important and what kind is not so important. Learners use the language, tools, and practice of their culture to learn concepts. Although students have their individual learning styles, their learning styles are often combined with cultural values. For example, Navajo (North American Indians living in Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah) children often learn first by observing and listening. Then, when ready,they continue learning on their own in cooperation with and under the supervision of an adult. In this way, the children learn all the skills they need. Navajo children speak very little during this process. In contrast, many African-American children learn effectively by acting and performing, they like classroom activities such as oral presentations, role-plays, and dramatic performances. Lots of talking is useful for these students. Another ways of learning is through reading and writing. Asian students generally need writing to support their learning, and therefore do well in classes where there is lots of writing. It is common to see Japanese students pay special attention to the spelling of words they have learned. They are more comfortable seeing new materials than hearing them. Koreans are believed to be the most visual (can be seen) learners. So,although learning styles greatly determine how a person takes in new materials, one’s culture also influences how he learns.9. The passage mainly tells us about______.A. the different culture styleB. the importance of learning stylesC. how to teach children from different culturesD. cultural influence upon learning style10. According to the passage, teachers should design some games for ____children.A. American blackB. American IndianC. ChineseD. Japanese11. The underlined part “In contrast” in this passage means ______.A. ThereforeB. BesidesC. InsteadD. SimilarlyGrammar and Listening 参考答案I．.单项选择BCADB BCACA CABBD ACDCCII．完成句子1. was crowded with2. more or less3.see…as4.dress up III.阅读理解BDBA CBBD DAC。
