★精选★2018-2019年高考英语语法专题复习——时态及参考答案

目录1.2019年全国卷1 (1)2.2019年全国卷2 (3)3.2019年全国卷3 (4)4.2018年全国卷1 (5)5.2018年全国卷2 (7)6.2018年全国卷3 (8)7.2018年浙江卷 (10)1.2019年全国卷1阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence 1 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 2 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.Modem methods 3 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 4 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut 5 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 6 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 7 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 8 (high) than they actually are. Of 9 nineteen recognized polar bear sub-populations, three are declining, six 10 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.1.【答案】that【解析】考查连词之同位语从句。

高频语法之动词的时态、语态与语法填空（解析版）一、谓语动词1. 思维导图2. 高考真题再现一、2021年高考真题1.（2021.6新高考1卷语法填空）for the people then to put all those rocks into place.【答案】was【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。

分析句子结构可知，此处应该填谓语动词。

根据空后的提示词then可知，表示当时的情况，故此处谓语动词应用一般过去时；从句主语为it，是第三人称单数形式。

故填was。

2.（2021.6 浙江卷语法填空）most of their furniture.【答案】sold【解析】考查一般过去时。

句意：1861年，林肯被选举为国家总统后，他们租了房子并且卖掉了大部分的家具。

rent和sold为并列谓语，用and连接，所以都用一般过去时。

3.（2021.6全国甲卷语法填空）It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修复）.【答案】was built ;【解析】考查动词的时态/语态以及主谓一致。

根据句子结构可知，空格填写谓语动词，又因it指代前面The Xi'an City Wall，和build是被动关系，且是在the Tang dynasty被建立，故用过去式的被动语态。

本句句意：它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的，现在已经完全修复。

故填was built。

4.（2021.6全国甲卷语法填空）We 6 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.【答案】hired【解析】考查动词的时态。

根据句子的结构可知空格应该填写谓语动词，根据后文My bike was old可知，应该为过去的时态，主语为we, 为主动语态，故填hired。

（一）动词的时态时态动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。

英语动词有16种时态，但是常用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。

下面分别介绍。

1、一般现在时的用法（do/does）1）表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征和真理。

句中常用often, usually, every day, sometimes, every week/year, twice aweek 等时间状语。

例如：a. He goes to school every day.b. He is very happy.c.The earth moves around the sun.2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。

例如：a. If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting.b. When I graduate, I’ll go to countryside.3) 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定, 按时间表要发生的动作（句中都带有时间状语），但限于少数动词，如：begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。

例如：a.the meeting begins at seven.b.the rain starts at nine in the morning.4) 表示状态和感觉的动词(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等)常用一般现在进行时。

a.i like english very much.b.the story sound very interesting.5) 书报的标题、小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。

2.一般过去时的用法(did)1）表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过反复发生的动作。

2019年高考英语：时态和语态（含解析）专题一、单项选择1．–Alice! Give me the newspapers related to the 13th G20 Summit.–OK, Mr. Green. I _____ them for you.A．get B．will getC．can get D．am going to get【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查一般将来时。

句意:--- Alice！把有关第13次 G20峰会的报纸给我。

---好的，格林先生。

我这就给你拿。

分析句子可知，本句为一般将来时，will表示说话者或主语的意愿，决心，意向。

故B选项正确。

2．They two________each other for a year.A．have been in love withB．have fallen in love withC．have been in love toD．have fallen in love to【答案】A【解析】【详解】主要考查fall in love和be in love的区别。

句意：他们两个人彼此相爱有一年了。

fall in love是表短暂动作的，不能与段时间连用，be in love表示状态，可以与段时间连用。

所以不选B，D，且D选项介词使用错误。

C选项介词使用错误。

故A选项正确。

3．I like this silk dress and it ______ so soft and comfortable.A．is feeling B．feelsC．has felt D．is felt【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查一般现在时。

句意：我喜欢这件丝绸连衣裙，感觉又软又舒服。

由I like this silk dress可知，本句为一般现在时，it为单数第三人称，所以谓语为第三人称单数形式，且feel为感官动词，没有被动语态。

故B选项正确。

4．—Why do you look very upset?—The electricity was cut off suddenly and my essay________ unfinished since. A．was left B．has leftC．had been left D．has been left【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查时态语态。

2018年高考英语语法--动词时态与语态40题专项复习一、单项填空:1.Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child, few people guessed that he a famous scientistwhose theories would change the world.A．has been B．had been C．was going to beD．was2.He must have sensed that I ________ him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly，“Why are you staring at me like that？”A．would look at B．looked at C．was looking at D．am looking at3.It is reported that a space station ______ on the moon in years to come.A．will be building B．will be builtC.has been building D．has been built4.Dashan, who_________crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it upwith the Western stand-up tradition.A．will be learning B．is learningC.had been learning D．has been learning5.I’m tired out.I________ all afternoon and I don’t seem to have finished anything.A．shoppedB．have shoppedC．had shoppedD．have been shopping6.—Mum，you should have taken me to the park this morning.—I had planned to，but I couldn’t afford the time.I ________ a lecture.A．had given B．gave C．was giving D．would give7.I like these English songs and they ________ many times on the radio.A．taught B．have taught C．are taught D．have been taught8.—I guess you can buy such a smart phone for 300 dollars.—I could just two months ago，but the price ________ by 20%.A．went up B．had gone up C．has gone up D．goes up9.In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat____ cut.A．will have been B．will be C．was D．has been10.He must have sensed that I ________ him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, "Why areyou staring at me like that?"A．would look at B．looked at C．was looking at D．am looking at11.In the last few years，China ________ great achievements in environmental protection.A．has made B．had made C．was making D．is making12.—Hurry up！Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.—Oh！I thought they ________ without me.A．went B．are going C．have gone D．had gone13.More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.A．are being built B．will be builtC．have been built D．had been built14.Tom is very happy in China during this period because his Chinese ________ every day.A．has improved B．is improvingC．Improved D．is improved15.—Where is Peter？I can’t find him anywhere.—He went to the library after breakfast and ________ his essay there ever since.A．wrote B．had written C．has been writingD．is writing16.—Help me out in the kitchen and I ________ you to a cup of coffee.—Sounds good.A．will treat B．treat C．am treating D．have treated17.I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but ________ thankfully by the shopwindow.A．am held back B．held back C．hold back D．was held back18.—Is Peter coming?—No, he____ his mind after a phone call at the last minute.A．changes B．changed C．was changing D．had changed19.Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement ________ so far by the two sides.A．has been reached B．was reachedC.will reach D．will have reached20.The real reason why prices ____ , and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion cansatisfactorily explain this problem.A．were B．will be C．have been D．had been21.Silk ______ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.A. had becomeB. B．was becomingC．has become D．is becoming22.—P eter! Let’s hurry.The boss is coming.—Oh，I was afraid that we ________ her.A．miss B．had missed C．will miss D．have missed23.—The plane is leaving right now，but Jim hasn’t arrived yet.—Well，he said he________here on time.A．came B．would come C．can be D．will be24.—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.—All right.I ________ him later.A．will call B．have called C．call D．will be calling25.At college, Barack O bama didn’t know that he the first black president of the UnitedStates of America.A．was to become B．becomes C．is to becomeD．became 26.—Good evening.I ________to see Miss Mary.—Oh，good evening.I’m sorry，but she is not in.A．came B．come C．have come D．had come27.Whatever you have found，you should give it back to whomever it ________.A．is belonged to B．is belonging toC．belonged to D．belongs to28.I wasn't able to hide my eagerness when I ________, "What do you wish me to do now?"A．ask B．have asked C．am asking D．asked29.Mary really hard on his book and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.A．worked B．has been workingC．had worked D．has worked30.Just an hour ago he was telling me on the phone that he ________ home right after the work.A．comes B．came C．would come D．will come31.—Do you think he can get the first prize for jumping?—Impossible now.He ________ to do so，but he has just hurt his leg.A．would expect B．was expected C．has expected D．is expected32.—I wonder what makes you a successful manager.—I ________ as a waiter for five years，which contributes a lot to my today’s work.A．serve B．have served C．had served D．served33.Now the world’s attention ________ the stock markets，as they have a great influence on theworld’s economy.A．is fixing on B．has fixed onC.is being fixed on D．had been fixed on34.It is the first time that Brazil ________ the right to host the modern Olympics.A．had had B．has C．had D．has had35.In the last few years,China ___ great achievements in environmental protection.A．has made B．had made C．was making D．is making36.Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ______ a class at tha ttime.A．will teach B．would teach C．has taught D．will be teaching37.Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement______ so far by the two sides.A．has been reached B．was reachedC.will reach D．will have reached38.—Tom is so joyful that he smiles at everyone.—So ________ you if you get the first in the exam.A．do B．are C．would D．will39.—Did you enjoy the party?—Yes.We ________ well by our hosts.A．were treated B．would be treatedC．treated D．had treated40.—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.—All right.I____ him later.A．will call B．have called C．call D will be calling参考答案1.答案为：C2.答案为：C解析：考查时态。

高考英语总复习语法专题复习指导：动词的时态一. 概念:时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态.英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的.英语有16种时态,但中学阶段较常用的有十种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去完成时,英在完成时和现在完成进行时.二.要点精讲1.一般现在时的用法1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。

时间状语：every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。

例如：I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。

2）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。

例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。

Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。

3）表示格言或警句。

例如：Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。

1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。

例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。

例如：Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。

例如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。

Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。

专题05 动词的时态和语态2018年高考题1.【2018·北京】1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around?—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.A. startB. have startedC. startedD. had started【答案】C【解析】考查时态.句意：——嗨，我是彼得.你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你.——你好，彼得.我是鲍勃.我周一刚刚开始住在这儿.根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确.点睛：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态或过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为.一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday，last week，in the past，in 2017，once，a few days ago等.2.【2018·北京】4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A. is workingB. was workingC. has workedD. had worked【答案】B点睛：过去进行时表示在过去某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态.3.【2018·北京】7. China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.A. are growingB. have grownC. will growD. had grown【答案】B【解析】考查时态.句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里.该句时间状语为in the past few years.中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况，故该句应用现在完成时态.B选项正确.点睛：现在完成时可以表示过去的事情对现在的影响，也可以表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的.常见的时间状语有：since + 时间点/从句，for two months，so far，recently，in the past/last few days等.4.【2018·北京】9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days.A. are trappingB. have been trappedC. were trappingD. had been trapped【答案】D点睛：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，其表达形式为had done，被动语态的表达形式为had been done.5.【2018·天津】13. My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.A. was repairedB. is repairedC. is being repairedD. has been repaired【答案】C【解析】考查时态.句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服.根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态.故选C.点睛：本题考查时态.分析选项可以知道，4个选项都用了被动语态，本题考查的其实是不同的时态.选项A 是过去时；选项B是一般现在时的被动；选项C是现在进行时；选项D是现在完成时.再结合语境进行分析，最终判断出最佳答案.6.【2018·江苏】31. Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other,for we _______ more convenient electronic communication tools by then.A. have developedB. had developedC. will have developedD. developed【答案】C【解析】考查时态.句意：希望在2025年，我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时候我们将开发更方便的电子通信工具.根据时间状语in 2025，可知用将来时；再根据时间状语by then到那时，可知用完成时.结合两者可知用将来完成时.故选C.点睛：本题考查时态.句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点.所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案.本题的关键在于抓住题干中的两个时间状语in 2025和by then，从而得出答案.7.【2018·江苏】30.I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _______in the past two years.A. had been carried outB. would be carried outC. is being carried outD. has been carried out【答案】A【解析】考查时态.句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的.根据句中时间状语last month和in the past two years可知用过去完成时.故选A.点睛：本题考查时态.句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点.所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案.本题的关键在于抓住题干中的两个时间状语last month和in the past two years，从而得出答案.2017年高考题【2017·天津卷】8. I ________down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.A. was drivingB. have drivenC. would driveD. drove【答案】A考点：考查动词时态.【名师点睛】这时考查与时态有关的固定句型.：was/ were doing sth + when (suddenlu) did ... 这时一个常用固定句型，是学生必须掌握的重点句型之一，词句型还有另外两种结构：was / were about to do + when did ; had done + when + did . 在这三个句型中，when引导的并列句，意为：就在这时（那时）突然.....【2017·江苏卷】27. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _______.A. was being followedB. was followingC. had been followedD. followed【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查动词的时态和语态.he和follow是动宾关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除B/D；根据句意“在匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否被跟踪”，用过去进行时最合适，故选A.句意：他匆匆忙忙往家赶，就是不回头看一看是否有人跟踪自己.考点：时态和语态【2017·江苏卷】31.He’s been informed that he _______ for the scholarship because of his academic background.A. hasn’t qualifiedB. hadn’t qualifiedC. doesn’t qualifyD. wasn’t qualifying【答案】C考点：考查动词的时态【2017·北京卷】33. People______ better access to health care than they used to, and they’re living longer as a result.A. will haveB. haveC. hadD. had had【答案】B试题分析：句意：人们有着比过去更好的医疗保险，结果他们更长寿.与过去对比是现在，所以than前一句话是用现在的时间，而且后一句用的就是现在时态，所以前面也用现在时态，故选B.考点：考查时态.【2017·北京卷】29. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ yet.A. haven’t inventedB. haven’t been inventedC. hadn’t inventedD. hadn’t been invented【答案】D试题分析：句意：在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还根本没有发明出来.根据句意可知用被动语态，排除AC，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，不用现在完成时，排除B，故选D，过去完成时的被动语态.考点：考查时态语态.【2017·北京卷】24. —______ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday? —Yes. They are happy with it.A. Did you callB. Have you calledC. Will you callD. Were you calling【答案】A试题分析：句意：--你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样？--打了，他们此刻正用得很开心.空格所在题干有一个很明显的时间状语yesterday，发生在过去，肯定用过去式，故选A. 考点：考查时态.2016年高考题1.【2016·北京】21. Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.A. worksB. has workedC. was workingD. would work【答案】C考点：考查时态【名师点睛】一、过去进行时的构成：was/were+动词的现在分词(--ing)二、过去进行时的用法：1、表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与表过去的时间壮语连用.例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营.2、表移动的动词，如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作.例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假.3、在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进行.例如：It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨.When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂.4、在叙述或描写过去的事情时，过去进行时经常与其它过去时态，特别时是一般过去时连用.但是过去进行时往往是表示背景.例如：One night, he was typing in his study. Suddenly, a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity.一天晚上，他正在书房里打字.突然，一个人闯进屋来，切断了电源.2.【2016·北京】23. —Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?—The new Star Wars. We ________ here for more than two hours.A. waitedB. waitC. would be waitingD. have been waiting 【答案】D【解析】试题分析：题目考查时态.句意：——打扰了，你们在等哪一部电影？——《星球大战》，我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了.“for+时间段”与完成时连用，根据语境可知，说话的时候仍然在等，因此用现在完成进行时，故选D.考点：考查时态【名师点睛】现在完成进行时由“助动词have/has been+ -ing形式”构成.用法如下：1. 现在完成进行时表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去的动作.常和for，since引导的时间状语连用.-Hi, Tracy, you look tired.-I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.They have been living here for 10 years. 他们住在这里十年了.2. 表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时候刚结束.I have been waiting you for about one hour..(说话时"等"的动作刚结束)She has been working all night long.3. 表示重复（只断断续续，而非一直不停）We’ve been discussing the matter several times this year.I have been saying goodbye to some friends today.3.【2016·北京】25. I ________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.A. readB. have readC. am readingD. will read【答案】B考点：考查时态【名师点睛】现在完成时基本用法：1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, ever, never, just，before 等词连用.例如：Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚饭了吗？You have already grown much taller.你已经长高了许多.2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态.往往和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，常用的有：for＋一段时间；since+过去时间点或从句.（Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度），提问用How long.例如：It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了.They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了.3、现在完成时需注意的问题：○1表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用appear, begin, borrow, lend, buy, close, come, die, fall, find, finish, join, kill, leave, sell, stop等.例如：He has joined the army for five years. （错误）He has been in the army for five years.(正确)注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用.即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的.（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.○2不能和明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, in 1998,two days ago等.○3have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的区别：have/has been to 去过某地，现在已经回来；have/has gone to 去了某地，在去的路上或已经在那里.○4比较一般过去时与现在完成时一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，强调动作，不和现在发生联系，常与具体的过去时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，；现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，不能与表过去的时间状语连用.I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）He has been a League member for three years. （强调他是团员）现在完成时考点分析：①现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等.②下列句型中常用现在完成时It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句This(That / It)is the first(second…)time that + 完成时This(That / It)is the only … + that + 完成时This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting … + that 从句 + 完成时③在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时.如：I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.4.【2016·北京】30. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with success in the end.A. rewardedB. were rewardedC. will rewardD. will be rewarded 【答案】D考点：考查时态和语态【名师点睛】一般将来时①表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）.②表示一种趋向或习惯动作.We’ll die without air or water.③表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时.④be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别：A shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定.B be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿.如：If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.(正确)If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(错误)C be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等.A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock this afternoon.D be about to do sth.表示“即将或者正要去做某事”，通常不与时间状语连用,但可与when引导的从句连用，构成常考句型：sb was about to do when sb did sth.Autumn harvest is about to start.被动语态的构成注意：含有情态动词的谓语变化为被动语态：由“情态动词（can, may must, have to等）+be +动词的-ed形式构成.含有“be going to , be to, used to, be about to”等结构的复合谓语变为被动语态：其构成为“be going to （be to, used to, be about to）+ be +动词的-ed形式”.5.【2016·江苏】22.More efforts, as reported, ______in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.A. are madeB. will be madeC. are being madeD. have been made【答案】B考点：考查时态语态6.【2016·江苏】29.Dashan, who_________crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it upwith the Western stand-up tradition.A. will be learningB. is learningC. had been learningD. has been learning【答案】D考点：考查时态7.【2016·天津】3. When walking down the street, I came across David, when I _____ for years.A. didn’t seeB. haven’t seenC. hadn’t seenD. wouldn’t see【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的David.根据语境，“not see”这个动作发生在come across之前，是过去的过去发生的动作，用过去完成时.故选C.考点：考查动词时态.【名师点睛】英语中的时态主要由动词的形式决定，因此在学习英语时态时，要注意分析动词形式及具体语境，想象在那个特定的时间动作所发生的背景，这个动作是经常性动作、一般性动作、进行性动作、完成性动作还是将要发生的动作.过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示过去的过去的动作，还有一个特点就是和过去的一段时间搭配.8.【2016·浙江】9. Silk ______ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.A.had becomeB. was becomingC. has becomeD.is becoming【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：到公元前100年为止，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一.时间状语是by+过去时间，谓语用过去完成时.故选A.考点：考查动词时态.【名师点睛】动词的时态、语态是选择题中必考内容之一，动词的各种时态形式都可能考到，不过最常考的是一般现在时态，一般过去时态，现在进行时态，以及一般将来时态，现在完成时态，同时还常与非谓语动词一起考查，做语法填空题时，首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，如本小题第一个空就是考查谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态、语气(陈述语气还是虚拟语气)、主谓一致四个方面，本小题考查过去完成时，从三个方面来进行判断：1. 看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句，本小题时间状语是by about 100 BC，故判断是过去完成时.2. 在没有时间状语或时间状语从句时，要看上下文的谓语动词的形式.3. 看是否是特殊句型等.如：It was+the first time+that从句中用过去完成时.2015年高考题1.【2015·北京】22.--Did you enjoy the party?--Yes,we___by our hosts.A.were treatedB.would be treated.C.treatedD.had treated【答案】A【考点定位】考查动词的时态及语态.【名师点睛】本题考查时态和语态，本题需要先看句子中有没有明确的时间状语，然后再看有没有相关的词，比如隐藏的时间点，和一些动词的过去式.解答时态语态题时，学生需要注意结合上下文语境，找出相关提示词来判断时态；并且分析出主语和动词是主谓关系还是动宾关系.2.【2015·北京】26.in the last few years,China ___ great achievements in environmental protection.A.has madeB.had madeC.was makingD.is making【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：在过去的这些年里，中国在环境保护中取得了很大的成就.由时间状语in the last few years可推知动作从过去一段时间持续到现在并对现在造成影响，用现在完成时.故选A.【考点定位】考查时态.【名师点睛】判断时态可以从时间状语入手，题干中的in the last few years为现在完成时的时间标志词.类似的还有over/ for/ during the last/ past years/months…均为现在完成时的时间标志，所以做此类题时，需要先看句子中是否有明确的时间点，然后我再判断时态.3.【2015·北京】27.—Did you have difficulty finding Ann' house?—Not really.She___us clear directions and we were able to find it.easily?A.was to giveB.had givenC.was givingD.would give【答案】B【考点定位】考查时态.【名师点睛】本题考查学生对时态的掌握情况，现在完成时和过去完成时都是考试中常出的考点.分析前后两句两个动作，判断出后者的动作发生在前者的动作之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时.4.【2015·北京】30. —Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.—All right. I____ him later.A. will callB. have calledC. call D will be calling【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：——Dr.Jackson现在不在办公室.——好的，我待会再打给他.由later可知，表示的是将来要执行的动作，用一般将来时.故选A.【考点定位】考查时态.【名师点睛】本题根据对话形式进行时态考查，句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点.所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案.5.【2015·重庆】1.—Is Peter coming?—No, he____ his mind after a phone call at the last minute.A.changesB. changedC. was changingD. had changed【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：彼得来了吗？没有，刚才接到一个电话后改变主意了.根据at the last minute在最后一秒可能发生在过去，故用一般过去时.【考点定位】考查动词的时态.【名师点睛】动词的时态一直是热点，需要根据时间状语来进行确定，但本题要根据当时的语境来进行再次确认，才得到答案.首先看到第一句话Is Peter coming来了吗？可知彼得还没有来，而下句话at the last minute最后一刻，符合一般过去时的用法中的，第一条：一般过去时表示过去某个特定时间发生，并且一下子就完成了的动作（即：非持续性动作）.6.【2015·重庆】13. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat____ cut.A. will have beenB. will beC. wasD. has been【答案】D【考点定位】考查动词的时态【名师点睛】现在完成时现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成，主要有两个含义：①表示动作发生在过去，但与现在的情况有联系，有时无时间状语，有时和一些表示不确定的过去时间状语连用②表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作，用于延续性动词，且句中常带有表示一段时间的时间状语.7.【2015·浙江】8. Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.A. has beenB. had beenC. was going to beD. was【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：爱因斯坦出生于1879年，小的时候很少人猜到他将会成为一个伟大的科学家，他的理论将会改变全世界.根据句意，应该是表达过去将来时，所以只有C选项符合.该选项是使用过去进行时表将来.A选项是现在完成时（用以表达过去的动作对现在的影响，往往有一些关键的词比如说since或者是for加一段时间），B选项是过去完成时(具备的条件是有两个动词，而且其中一个动作要在另一个动作之前发生，那么这个之前发生的动词就使用过去完成时)，C选项是过去进行时（过去进行时表示过去某一此刻正在进行的动作，另外动词going的进行时还可以表达将来），D选项是过去时（表达过去的动作）.结合以上的表述以及后句使用的情态动词would（will 的过去时，用于过去将来时），分析可知答案就是C.【考点定位】考查动词时态【名师点睛】分析4个选项可以知道，该题考查的其实是不同的时态.掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题，如本题的1879, would change的提示.另外也要结合使用语境综合分析选项，最终得出答案.8.【2015·天津】9. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement______ so far by the two sides.A. has been reachedB. was reachedC. will reachD. will have reached【答案】A【考点定位】考查时态.【名师点睛】本题考查时态.现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态.分析此题只需要牢牢抓住时间状语so far“到目前为止”，从而判定出所应当运用的时态.9.【2015·天津】6. Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ______a class at that time.A. will teachB. would teachC. has taughtD. will be teaching【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议，因为她那个时候在一个班上课.根据句中的时间状语at that time，指代at 3 o’clock this afternoon，表示在将来的某一时刻正在做某事，故用将来完成时.故选D.【考点定位】考查时态.【名师点睛】本题考查时态.将来进行时主要表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作.分析此题需抓住时间状语，以及that time所代指的时间，再联系所学将来进行时所应用的范围及句意可以选择正确的答案.10.【2015·四川】4.More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.A. are being builtB. will be builtC. have been builtD. had been built【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查时态.本句为时态题，根据时间状语soon可知，考查了将来时，故选择B.句意为：四川将建设更多的高速公路以促进当地的经济.【考点定位】考查时态【名师点睛】本题考查时态.英语中的时态是靠动词的变化来体现的，在具体做题时，需要关注的是时间状语.因此，考生在做本题时，需要先找出时间状语soon，然后才能准确判断时态是一般将来时.通过观察选项可知，选项A是现在进行时；选项B是一般将来时；选项C是现在完成时；选项D是过去完成时.故选择B.11.【2015·陕西】24. At college, Barack Obama didn’t know that he the first black president of the United States of America.A. was to becomeB. becomesC. is to becomeD. became【答案】A【考点定位】考查过去将来时【名师点睛】英语中的时态主要由动词的形式决定，因此在学习英语时态时，要注意分析动词形式及具体语境，想象在那个特定的时间动作所发生的背景，这个动作是经常性动作、一般性动作、进行性动作、完成性动作还是将要发生的动作.这题的解题关键是didn’t know.12.【2015·陕西】22. Mary reall y hard on his book and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.A. workedB. has been workingC. had workedD. has worked【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：Marty一直努力写书，我想他到周五为止将已经完成了.用现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在一直进行的动作.所以选B.【考点定位】考查现在完成进行时【名师点睛】英语中的时态主要由动词的形式决定，因此在学习英语时态时，要注意分析动词形式及具体语境，想象在那个特定的时间动作所发生的背景，这个动作是经常性动作、一般性动作、进行性动作、完成性动作还是将要发生的动作.现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在一直进行可能还要继续进行的动作.13.【2015·福建】30.—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.—He went to the library after breakfast and ______ his essay there ever since.A.wroteB. had writtenC. has been writingD. is writing 【答案】C【考点定位】考查现在完成进行时【名师点睛】时态的考察在高考题的应用中也是无处不在的，时态本身的考察也是千变万化的，本题旨在考查学生对现在完成进行时的理解和用法的熟悉程度，要求结合语境进行分析，根据句子的意思可以判断出当前应该使用哪一种时态，本题中也有一定的暗示时态的标志ever since，从而可以判断出应该用现在完成进行时.14.【2015·福建】26.To my delight, I from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.A. was chosenB. was being chosenC. would chooseD. had chosen【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查时态和语态.根据句意：让我高兴的是，我从成百上千的参加者中被选中参加开幕式.可以知道这里应该是被动语态，又因为被选中是过去发生的事情，这里只是对过去发生的事情的一般描述，故用一般过去式，故选A.【考点定位】考查时态和语态辨析.【名师点睛】本题旨在考查句子的时态和语态，要求学生明确地掌握各个时态的定义以及它们在时间上的划分段和用法，以及不同语态的用法.时态也是高考题的一个重点.辨明句子的时态，一是看句子中有没有明确表示时态的关键词，另一个方法就是结合句意判断动词的发生时间是在什么时候.15.【2015·江苏】30.The real reason why prices ____ , and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.A. wereB. will beC. have beenD. had been【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：过去和现在价格一直居高不下的真正原因很复杂，简短的讨论解释这一问题无法让人满意.根据题干中“and still are”的提示可知过去价格也居高不下，故用一般过去时，表示过去的状态.故选A项.【考点定位】考查动词时态【名师点睛】做时态题时，考生应抓住时态标志词，即题干中明显的时间状语或已有动词的时态，利用时态呼应的原则迅速锁定正确答案.本题中已有动词的时态为一般现在时，still暗示前面用一般过去时与此呼应.C项容易误选，这里现在完成时表示从过去到现在一直是这种状态，包括了现在，与后面的一般现在时有重复部分，故排除.16.【2015·安徽】29.It is reported that a space station ______ on the moon in years to come.A. will be buildingB. will be builtC. has been buildingD. has been built【答案】B【考点定位】考查时态【名师点睛】本题考查时态.做时态类的题目，需要从句中找出时间状语，没有时间状语时，需要结合句意来判断句子的时态.根据“in years to come”可知，这里说的是将来的事情，且空间站是被建造的，space station和build是动宾关系，应该用被动语态.17.【2015·安徽】24.Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I ______ my bank in the cafe.A. have leftB. had left C would leave D. was leaving。

2019高考全国英语试题语法分类汇编之时态和语态动词的时态和语态〔精校解析版〕【2018江西卷】26、--Look!Somebodythesofa.--Well,itwasn’tme.Ididn’tdoit.A、iscleaningB、wascleaningC、hascleanedD、hadcleaned 答案：C考点：考察时态解析:句意为”看,有人已经打扫了沙发.是的,不是我,我没有做.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响用现在完成时.【2018湖南卷】22.Don'tworrry.Thehardworkthatyoudonow____laterinlife.A.willberepaidB.wasbeingrepaidC.hasbeenrepaidD.wasrepaidA从don't可知语境为现在，排除B、D；而laterinlife可知为将来的动作，应选A。

动词的时态一般将来时态【2018重庆卷】27.Foodsuppliesintheflood-strickenarea______.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere’sleft.A.haverunoutB.arerunningoutC.havebeenrunoutD.arebeingrunout27.【考点】动词的时态【答案】B【解析】分析题干语境可知，食品供应即将耗尽。

runout为不及物动词短语，不能使用被动形式，由此可排除C和D两个选项。

B选项为现在进行时态，可以表示将来，符合题意。

因此，正确答案为B选项。

【难度】一般【2018重庆卷】22.-kevin,youlookworried.Anythingwrong?-Well,I____atestandI’mwaitingfortheresult.A.willtakeB.tookC.hadtakenD.take22.【考点】动词的时态【答案】B【解析】根据答语的后半句可知，现在Kevin正在等待测试的成绩，参加测试为一个过去的动作，应该使用一般过去时态。

2019年高考英语时态语态真题汇编(名师精选全国真题+实战训练，建议下载练习)1. – Do you like the material? – Yes, it ______ very soft.A. is feelingB. feltC. feelsD. is felt2. I would rather go to work as usual than _____ in hospital.A. getting treatedB. to get treatedC. get treatedD. treated3. I wonder why Jenny ____us recently. We should have heard from her by now.A. hasn’t writtenB. doesn’t writeC. won’t writeD. hadn’t written4. She _______ that the problem ________.A.is told; was being settledB. was told; was settledC. told; was settledD. was told; had been settled5.The report said that the UFO ______ east to west when he saw it.A. was travelingB. traveledC. had been travelingD. was to travel6. He _______ again and again, but he didn’t tell me the truth.A. had askedB. was askedC. had been askedD. asked二、1．The giant panda________(love) by people throughout the world.2More efforts, as reported，________(make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply －side structural reform.3．Dashan, who________(learn) crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand－up tradition.4Silk ________ (become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.5．When the time came to make the final decision for a course, I decided to apply for the one that ________(reflect) my interest.6．The real reason why prices ________(be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.7．As you go through this book, you ________(find)that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱhad a different experience.8．I wasn't able to hide my eagerness when I ________(ask), “What do you wish me to do now？”9．He must have sensed that I ________(look)at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, “Why are you staring at me like that？”10．I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but ________(hold)back thankfully by the shop window.时态语态英语16种时态二、常见时态的基本用法一般现在时一般现在时是描述现在或经常性的动作性质或状态的时态。

推荐2018-2019年人教版新课标高考英语语法专题复习Word完整版（附参考答案）专题一冠词I、重点难点解析冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义历年高考试题对冠词的考查涉及到冠词的位置、不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词及固定搭配中的冠词等各个方面。

下面我们以表格的形式对前四个方面进行总结，1. 冠词的位置4. 零冠词英语中有不少词组，从形式看好象只有冠词之差，而实际上却是意义完全不同的新词组。

1. in front of 在……（外）的前面 ; in the front of 在……（内）的前面 There’s a garden in front of the classroom.There’s a blackboard in the front of the classroom.2. in charge of 掌管；负责; in the charge of 在……负责之下An experienced worker is in charge of the project.The project is in the charge of an experienced worker.3. at table 在用饭；吃饭时; at the table 在桌旁He seldom talks at table.They sat at the table, talking and laughing.4. by day 白天；日间 ; by the day 按日计He works in an office by day.Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day.5. take place 发生；举行 ; take the place 代替；接替When did this conversation take place?Electric train has now taken the place of steam trains in England.6. in words 用言语 ; in a word 总之Please express your thought in words.In a word, I don’t trust you.7. at times 有时；不时 ; at a time 一次I do feel a little nervous at times.Pass me the bricks two at a time.8. little 少；不多的 ; a little 一些；一点点Hurry up, there’s little time left.Don’t hurry, you still have a little time.9. few 很少；几乎没有的; a few 有些；几个He is a man of few words.Only a few of the children can read.10.a most interesting 非常有趣的 ; the most interesting 最有趣的（形容词的最高级）This is a most interesting story.This is the most interesting story of the three.11.a doctor and nurse 一位医生兼护士 ; a doctor and a nurse 一位医生和一位护士A doctor and nurse is standing there.A doctor and a nurse are standing there.12.A number of 许多；好些 ; the number of …（的）数目A number of students are in the classroom.The number of students in the classroom is forty.II、实战演练（一）．用适当的冠词填空，不需要的划“\”.1.---Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?---Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here.2. I know you don't like _______ music very much. But what do you think of _______ music in thefilm we saw yesterday?3. --- I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over ______ keyboard. --- You shouldn't put drinks near ________ computer.4. Of all _______ reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father's advice was_______ most important one.5. According to _________World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities toprevent _________ spread of AIDS.6.. For him ____ stage is just ___ means of making a living.7. I think it really _______ honor for me to speak here..8. This lab used to be in _______ charge of Mr. Wang.9 I know there is ______ Mr. Smith next door, who has gone on ________ business.10 He devotes most of his time to _______ football. And I am sure he promises ________ excellentfootballer.11 Don’t lose heart. Please have ______ second try.12 Those who are rich should help ______ poor.13 When stealing the thief was caught by ______ arm by a policeman.14 In some factories workers get paid by ______ piece.15 It is a bad habit to go to work without ______ breakfast.16 John is _______ university student from ______ European country.17 Teachers play _______ active and important part in building up students’character.18 _______ Zhangs live on the second floor.19 Cotton is grown in _______ north of China.20 It is known to us all that _______ light travels faster than _______ sound.21 A tower is seen in _______ distance.22In case of fire please press _______ red button.23 Shenzhen has ________ population of more than 10 million.24_______ days I spent with Catherine in Beijing were so wonderful.25A bullet hit the solider and he was wounded in ______ leg.26He loved writing and his first novel was ______ great success when it came out.27 My brother was born in _______ spring of 1990.28 Mr. Smith is ______ most learned scholar and you can turn to him for help.29 How sweetly she sings! I have never heard _______ better voice.30 Beijing is ______ second largest city in China.31 My trip to Tibet was really ________ unforgettable experience.32 This watch is _______ 18th century watch, which has been passed down from my great grandpa.（二）语法填空在括号中填入适当的冠词There once was a king who offered 1 prize to 2 artist who would paint 3 best picture of peace. Many artist tried. The king looked at all 4 pictures. But there were only two he really liked, and he had to choose between them.One picture was of a calm lake. The lake was a perfect mirror for peaceful high mountains all around it. Overhead was a blue sky with fluffy white clouds. All who saw this picture thought it was 5 perfect picture of peace.The other picture had mountains, too. But these were rugged and bare. Above was 6 angry sky, from which rain fell and in which lightning played. Down 7 side of the mountain tumbled(翻腾) a foaming(水泡) waterfall. This did not look peaceful at all.But when the king looked closely, he saw behind 8 waterfall a tiny bush growing in a crack in the rock. In the bush 9 mother bird had built her nest. There, in the midst of the rush of angry water, sat the mother bird on her nest-in perfect peace.The king chose 10 second picture.答案：I 1 a 2 /; the 3 the; a 4. the; the 5 the; the6 the; a7 an8 the9 a; / 10 /; an 11 a 12 the 13 the 14 the15 the 16 a; a 17 an 18 The 19 the 20 /; / 21 the 22the 23a 24 The 25 the 26a 27the 28a 29a 30 the 31 an 32 anII 1 a 2 the 3 the 4. the 5 a 6 an 7 the 8 the 9a 10. the专题二名词I、重点难点解析名词的高考命题导向名词的“可数”与“不可数”是高考命题的热点之一。