英语专八英美文学常识(English Literature)

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专业八级英美国文学作家作品

英美文学知识考点分析经过对英语专业八级考试大纲以及近三年真题人文知识部分全真题的认真研究，详细、逐题分析后，我们可以清楚看出对英美文学知识的考查一般占了其中的3小题（30%）。

通过分析，可以把对英美文学知识的考查重点归纳为以下几类：一、对知名的英美文学家及其作品的重点考查1．The novel Emma is written by________.（2005年真题第35题）A. Mary ShelleyB. Charlotte Bronte?C. Elizabeth C. GaskellD. Jane Austen该题是关于英国文学知识，考查的是英国著名小说家的作品,考查作家作品是专业八级人文知识文学部分的重要考试内容。

问题问小说Emma为何人所作？该书为浪漫主义时期女作家Jane Austen所作，因此答案是D。

2．Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bronte? （2007年真题第35题）A. Oliver TwistB. MiddlemarchC. Jane EyreD. Wuthering Heights该题考查的也是关于英国小说家的作品。

问题Emily Bronte写了哪部小说？Emily Bronte是英国维多利亚时期的女作家、诗人，小说Wuthering Heights是她的代表作品，因此答案为D。

3．Death of a Salesman was written by________.（2007年真题第37题）A. Arthur MillerB. Ernest HemingwayC. Ralph EllisonD. James Baldwin该题是关于美国小说家的作品。

Arthur Miller是美国著名的剧作家，他的作品有Man Who Had All the Luck，Death of A Salesman，All My sons等，因此答案为A。

专八人文知识(英国文学)

The old and medieval English literature(8th-14th century )The renaissance period(14th –mid17th c)The neoclassical period(mid17th -18th c)The romantic period(mid18th -mid19th c)The Victorian period(1836-1901)Modern period(20th - )注：【后面的Matp指主要作品】一．The old and medieval English literature(8th-14th century)1.The Venerable Bede(A.D673-735) “father of English history”《the essiesiastical history of the English people》《the anglo-sarxon chronic》epic——Beowulf2.mid11th-mid14th 亚瑟王和圆桌骑士《Sir Gawain and the Green Knight，高文爵士和绿衣骑士》3.Geoffy Chaucer（杰弗利·乔叟，1343-1400）“the father of English poetry” ；“the first one who used London dialect ” in《The Canterbury Tales，坎特伯雷故事集》（1387-1400,a prologue\24 tales,描写14th 英国现状）二．The renaissance period (14th –mid17th c)1.Sonnet:contains 14 lines of iambic pentameter rhymed in various patterns 14行5音步抑扬格诗行（ababcdcdefefgg）e.g: So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.2.Thomas More(托马斯·莫尔1478-1535) Matp:《Utopia,乌托邦》（in Latin）3.Francis Bacon(培根1561-1626) “杰出essayist in English history”《the essays》4.Edmund Spenser(埃德蒙·斯宾赛,1552-1599) “the poet’s poet”；Matp:《The Faerie Queen,仙后》（1579）；create “Spencerian Stanza ,斯宾塞诗体”。

tem8-英美文学知识（1）

英美文学知识第一节英国文学一、古英语时期的英国文学 (约499-1066)Alliteration – Beowulf《贝奥武甫》- national epicCaedmon (开德蒙)Anthem《赞美诗》1. 诗歌Cynewulf(基涅武甫)Dream of the Rood《十字架之梦》Bede (比德)Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum《英吉利人教会史》2. 散文King Alfred(阿尔弗雷德大帝)Wessex – Father of English Prose (“英国散文之父”);Anglo-Saxon Chronicle《盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史》二、中古英语时期的英国文学 (14世纪 – 15世纪)1. Allegory – Romance – Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》2. Ballad – The Robin Hood Ballads《罗宾汉民谣集》3. William Langland (威廉•兰格伦)The Vision Concerning Piers the Plowman 《农夫皮尔斯的幻想》4. Geoffrey Chaucer (杰弗里•乔叟)Father of English Poetry (“英国诗歌之父”); The Canterbury Tales《坎特布雷故事集》;- octosyllabic & heroic couplet (八音节英雄双韵体)5. Sir Thomas Malory(托马斯•马洛礼)Le Morte d’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》三、文艺复兴时期的英国文学 (15世纪末 – 17世纪中期)1. Humanism – classic culture2. Thomas More (托马斯•莫尔)Utopia《乌托邦》; The Painful Life of Edward V; Historie of Richard the Third《理查德三世传》3. Thomas Wyatt (托马斯•怀亚特), Henry Howard (亨利•霍华德) – Sonnet4. Philip Sidney (菲利浦•锡德尼)Arcadia《阿卡迪亚》-第一篇田园生活的传奇,“现代长篇小说的先驱”;The Defence of Poesie / Apology for Poetry《诗辩》-人文主义文学的宣言,开创近代英国的文学批评5. Edmund Spencer (埃德蒙•斯宾塞)poet’ poet – Spencerian stanza – 9行(ababbcbcc)8 iambic pentameter + 1 iambic hexameter; The FaireQueene 《仙后》被誉为英国文艺复兴时期“最杰出的史诗” nationalism, humanism, puritanism 6. Christopher Marlowe(克里斯托弗•马娄)Tamburlaine 《帖木耳大帝》; The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus 《浮士德博士的悲剧历史》7. William Shakespeare2首长诗, 154首十四行诗, 37部戏剧长诗Venus and Adonis 《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》;The Rape of Lucrece 《露克丽丝受辱记》十四行诗iambic pentameter – 14 (abab cdcd efef gg)3 quatrains + 1 couplet = Shakespearean sonnet悲剧Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, Macbeth喜剧 A Midsummer Night’s Dream ; The Merchant ofVenice ; As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》; TwelfthNight历史剧Henry VI, Henry IV, Richard III(威廉•莎士比亚)戏剧传奇剧Pericles 《泰尔亲王配力克里斯》;Cymbeline 《辛白林》; The Winter’s Tale ;Tempest 《暴风雨》8. Ben Jonson (本•琼森)comedy of manners (风俗喜剧的奠基人);Every Man In His Humor 《人性互异》9. John Donne (约翰•多恩)Metaphysical Poems (“玄学派”诗歌创始人);Songs and Sonnets 《歌曲与十四行诗》10. George Herbert (乔治•赫伯特)the saint of the Metaphysical school(“玄学派诗圣”);The Temple 《神殿》11. Andrew Marwell (安德鲁•马韦尔)诗风结合了玄学派和古典主义的创作特点;To His Coy Mistress 《致他的娇羞女友》12. Francis Bacon (弗朗西斯•培根)Materialism; Essays 《随笔》(Of Study, OfTruth );The Advancement of Learning 《学术的推进》;The New Instrument 《新工具》四、资产阶级革命及启蒙时期的英国文学 (17世纪末，18世纪 )1. the Enlightenment: liberty, equality, democracy前30年：neo-classicism (崇尚古典文学的创作及美学原则)40年代到80年代：realism2. 18世纪的英国文学80年代以后：sentimentalism & pre-romanticism (崇尚情感)3. John Milton (约翰•弥尔顿)Defence of the English People 《为英国人民而辩》;Second Defence of the Englishpeople 《为英国人民再辩》;Paradise Lost (blank verse, 旧约); Paradise Regained(新约);Samson Agonistes 《力士参孙》(poetical drama, closet73. Tennessee Williams (田纳西·威廉斯)The Glass Menagerie《玻璃动物园》; A Street car Named Desire《欲望号街车》; Cat on a Hot Tin Roof《热铁皮屋顶上的猫》74. Arthur Miller (阿瑟·米勒)All My Sons《都是我的儿子》; The Death of a Salesman《推销员之死》75. Edward Albee (爱德华·阿尔比)The Zoo Story《动物园的故事》; Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? 《谁害怕弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫》76. Sylvia Plath (西尔维亚·普拉斯)自白派; The Colossus and Other Poems《巨人》。

专八英国文学常识

专八英国文学常识专八英国文学常识１．the renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is not such an event?a．the rediscovery of ancient rome and greek culture．b．england's domestic rest．c．new discovery in geography and astrology．d．the religious reformation and the economic expansion．２．which of the following is regarded as the most successful religious allegory in the english language．a．the pilgrim's progressb．grace abounding to the chief of sinnersc．the life and death of mr．badmand．the holy war３．it is___________alone who, for the first time in english literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the english society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life．a．geoffrey chaucerb．martin lutherc．william langlandd．john gower４．all of the following four except___________are the most eminent dramatists in the renaissance england．a．francis baconb．christopher marlowec．william shakespeared．ben jonson５．it is generally regarded that keats's most important and mature poems are in the form of___________．a．elegyb．odec．epicd．sonnet６．daniel defoe's novels mainly focus on___________．a．the struggle of the unfortunate for mere existenceb．the struggle of the shipwrecked persons for securityc．the struggle of the pirates for wealthd．the desire of the criminals for property７．in beowulf,___________fought against the monster grendel and a five breathing dragon．a．the anglo-saxonsb．beowulfc．the scandinaviand．the winter dragon８．francis bacon is best known for his___________which greatly influenced the development of this literary form．a．essaysb．poemsc．worksd．plays９．most of thomas hardy's novels are set in wesse-x___________．a．a crude region in englandb．a fictional primitive regionc．a remote rural aread．hardy's hometown１０．we can perhaps describe the west wind in shelley'spoem "ode to the west wind" with all the following terms except___________．a．swiftb．proudc．tamedd．wild１１．"blindness", "partiality", "prejudice", and "absurdity" in the novel "pride and prejudice" are most likely the characteristics of___________．a．elizabethb．darcyc．mr．bennetd．mrs．bennet１２．the modern english novel came into being in___________．a．the middle of the 17th centuryb．the 17th centuryc．the late 18th centuryd．the middle of the 18th century１３．who is not the major figure of modernist movement?a．eliotb．joycec．charles dickensd．pound１４．who is considered to be the best known english dramatist since shakespeare?a．oscar wildeb．john galsworthyc．w．b．yeatsd．george bernard shaw１５．of the following poets, which is not regarded as "lake poets"?a．samuel taylor coleridgeb．robert southyc．william words worthd．william shakespeare１６．in the first part of gulliver's travels, gulliver told his experience in___________．a．lilliputb．brobdingnagc．houyhnhnmd．england１７．which of the following cannot describe "byronic hero"?a．proudb．mysteriousc．noble origind． progressive１８．in the history of literature, romanticism is generally regarded as ．a．the thought that designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and all experience．b．the thought that designates man as a social animalc．the orientation that emphasizes those features which men have in commond．the modes of thinking１９．the term "metaphysical poetry" is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of___________．a．john miltonb．john donnec．john keatsd．john bunyan２０．"the vanity fair" is a well-known part in___________．a．the pilgrim's progressb．grace abounding to the chief of sinnersc．the life and death of mr．badmand．the holy war２１．in oliver twist, charles criticizes___________．a．money worshipping tendencyb．dehumanizing of workhouse systemc．hypocrisy of the upper societyd．distortion of human heart２２．which of the following plays by shakespeare is history play?a．julius caesarb．the merry wives of windsorc．henry ivd．king lear２３．who is regarded as a "worshipper of nature"．a．john keatsb．william blakec．william wordsworthd．jane austen２４．which of the following writing is not the work by charles dickens?a．a tale of two citiesb．hard timesc．oliver twistd．sons and lovers２５．the 18th century england is known as the___________ in the history．a．romanticismb．classicismc．renaissanced．enlightenment专八人文知识（英国文学）(3)2016-07-17 22:59 | #2楼william wordsworth威廉华兹华斯1770-1850 an evening walk 黄昏漫步;lyrical ballads抒情歌谣集（与柯勒律治合编）;lucy poems 露西组诗(she dwett among the untrodden ways;to the cuckoo杜鹃颂;i wandered lonely as a cloud;the solitary reaper孤寂的刈麦人);ode on intimations of immorality不朽颂;ode to duty义务颂;the excursion远足;the prelude序曲samuel taylor coleridge柯勒律治1772-1834 lyrical ballads;the fall of the bastille巴士底狱的毁灭;the rime of the ancient mariner老船夫;kubla khan忽必烈汗;biographia literaria文学传记robert southey骚塞 joan of arc wat tylergeorge gordon byron乔治拜伦1788-1824 hours of idliness 懒散的时刻;english bords and scottish reviewers英国诗人与苏格兰评论家;childe harold’s pilgrimage,cantos i and ii,canto iii 1818恰罗德哈罗德游记;ode to the framers of the frame-bill编织机法案编制者颂;oriental tales东方叙事诗(the bride of abydos阿比道斯的新娘;the corsa海盗;the siege of corinth柯林斯之围);manfred曼弗雷德;the age of bronze青铜世纪;don juan唐璜名诗：she walks in beauty;the isles of greecepercy bysshe shelley波西比希雪莱1792-1822 queen mab麦布女王;prometheus unbound解放了的普罗米修斯;adonais阿东尼斯;the cenci钦契;song to the men of england致英国人民;englandin 1819;the masque of anarchy专制魔王的化装游-行;ode to the west wind/a skylark西风/云雀颂;a defence of poetry诗辩john keats约翰济兹1795-1821 endymion恩底弥翁;isabella伊莎贝拉;the eve of sanit agnes圣爱尼节前夜;ode on a grecian urn 希腊古瓮颂;ode to a nightingale夜莺颂;to autumn秋颂;hyperion 赫披里昂（未完成）20、charles lamb查尔斯兰姆1775-1834 tales from shakespeare莎士比亚故事集;alburn verses诗集;essay of elia伊利亚散文集(dream children梦中儿女;a dissertation unpon roast pig 烤猪论;old china古瓷;new year’s eve除夕;the praise of chimney sweepers扫烟囱童工赞;the superannuated man领取养老金的人;a bachelor’s complaint of the behavior of married people单身汉对结过婚的人的行为的抱怨)walter scott瓦尔特司各特1771-1832 诗：the minstrlsy of the scottish border苏格兰边区歌谣集;marimion玛里恩;the lady of the lake湖上夫人小说：waverley威弗利;guy mannering盖曼纳令;rob roy罗布罗伊;the heart of midlothian米德洛西恩监狱;ivanhoe艾凡赫;kenilworth坎尼尔华斯;woodstock皇家猎馆;queentin durward 昆廷达沃part 6. english critical realismthomas hood胡德1799-1845 the song of the shirt衬衫之歌;the bridge of sighs悲叹之桥;miss kilmansegg and her precious leg基尔曼塞格小姐和她贵重的`腿ernest jones琼斯1819-1869 小说：the women’s wrongs妇女们的委屈名诗：the song of the lower class;the song of the futurecharles dickens狄更斯1812-1870 the posthumous pa-pe-rs of the pickwick club匹克威克外传;oliver twist奥利弗退斯特;american notes美国札记;martin chuzzlewit马丁朱述尔维特;theold curiosity shop老古玩店;dombey and son董贝父子;david copperfield大卫科波菲尔;hard times艰难时世;a tale of two cities 双城记;great expectation远大前程william makepeacethackery萨克雷1811-1863 the book of snobs势利者集;vanity fair名利场;history of pendennis潘丹尼斯的历史;the history of henry esmond亨利艾斯芒的历史;the newcomes纽可谟一家;the virginians弗吉尼亚人jane austin简奥斯丁1775-1817 pride and prejudice傲慢与偏见;sense and sensibility理智与情感;emma爱玛;mansfield park曼斯菲尔德公园;persuasion好事多磨;northanger abbey诺桑觉寺charlote/emily/anne bronte夏洛蒂/爱米丽/安妮勃郎特1816-1855 jane eyre简爱;shirley雪丽/wuthering height呼啸山庄/agones grey艾格尼斯格雷elizabeth cleghorn gaskell盖斯凯尔1810-1865 mary barton 玛丽巴顿;ruth露斯;cranford克兰弗德;north and south北与南;life of charlote bronte夏洛蒂勃郎特传george eliot爱略特(mary ann evans)1819-1880 adam bede 亚当贝德;the mill on the floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊；silas marner织工马南;middlemarch米德尔马契;felix holt,the radical。

英语专业八级英国文学知识总结

英语专业八级英国文学知识总结1 Old and Medieval Period1-1 the Anglo-Saxon PeriodBeowulfCaedmon –Caedmon’s HymnCynewulf – The Fates of the Apostles, Juliana, Elene1-2 the Middle English PeriodSir Gawain and the Green KnightThomas Marlory –Le Morte D’Arthur (The Death of King Arthur)William Langland – Piers the PlowmanGeoffrey Chaucer –The Canterbury T ales1-3 the 15th CenturyThe Robin Hood Ballads2 The Renaissance Period2-1 poemThomas WyattHenry HowardSir Philip Sidney – Astrophel and Stella, Apology for Poetry Edmund Spencer –The Shephearde’s Calendar, Epithalamion, The Faerie Queene 2-2 proseThomas More – UtopiaFrancis Bacon – A History of the Life and Reign of King Henry Ⅶ, The Advancement of Learning, Essays(Of Studies, Of Travel, Of Wisdom), The New AtlantisJohn Lyly—Eupheus2-3 dramaChristopher Marlowe –Tamburlaine, The Tragic History of Doctor Faustus, The Jew of MaltaWilliam Shakespeare – Comedies:A Midsummer Night’s Dr eam, As You Like It, Merchant ofVenice, The Twelfth NightTragedies:Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, The TempestHistorical plays:Henry Ⅳ, HenryⅤLong narrative poems:Venus and Adonis, The Rape of LucreceBen Johnson – V olpone3 The Period of Revolution and Restoration3-1 poets in Revolutionary PeriodJohn Milton –Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, Samson AgonistesJohn Donne – The Sun Rising, The Songs and Sonnets, Holy Sonnets, A Hymn to God the Father, Death, Be not Proud, A Valediction: ForbiddingMourningGeorge Herbert – The Altar, Easter Wings3-2 prose writers in Revolutionary PeriodJohn Bunyan –The Pilgrim’s Progress, Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners, The Life and Death of Mr. Badman, The Holy War3-3 writers in RestorationJeremy Collier – A Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of the English StageJohn Dryden –The Hind and the Panther, All for Love, Absalom and Achitophel, An Essay of Dramatic Poesy4 The Age of Enlightenment4-1 writers of Neo-ClassicismAlexander Pope – An Essay on Criticism, The Rape of the Lock, Essay on Man Richard SteeleJoseph Addison – The Tattler, The SpectatorSamuel Johnson – The Dictionary of the English Language, The Lives of English Poets4-2 writers of Realistic TraditionDaniel Defoe –Robinson Crusoe, Captain Singleton, Colonel Jacque, Moll FlandersJonathan Swift – A Tale of a Tub, Predictions for the Year 1708, Vindication ofIsaac Bickerstaff, Gulliver’s Travels, The Drapier’s Letters, A Modest ProposalHenry Fielding – Plays:The Welsh Opera, Don Quixote in England, Pasqin, The HistoricalRegister for the Year 1736Novels:Joseph Andrew, Jonathan Wild and Great, The History of Tom Jones, a Founding, Amelia4-3 writers of Sentimental TraditionSamuel Richardson –Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded, Clarissa Harlowe, SirRichardson’s GrandisonLaurence Sterne – Tristram Shandy, A Sentimental JourneyOliver Goldsmith –The Traveler, The Deserted Village, The Vicar of Wakefield Thomas Gray –Elegy Written in a Country Church YardEdward Young – From Night Thoughts4-4 English dramaJohn Gay –The Beggar’s OperaRichard Brinsley Sheridan –The Rivals, The School for Scandal5 The Age of Romanticism5-1 Pre-Romantic poetsJames Thomas – The SeasonsWilliam Collins – Ode to EveningWilliam Blake –Songs of Innocence, Songs of Experience, The Marriage ofHeaven and HellRobert Burns –My Heart’s in the Highlands, A Red, Red Rose, Auld Lang Syne 5-2 Lake poets (or the first generation) William Wordsworth –Lyrical Ballads (Lines Composed a Few Miles aboveTintern Abbey, Lines Written in Early Spring), AnEvening Walk, Lucy Poems, I Wandered Lonely as aCloud, The Excursion, To the Cuckoo, The SolitaryReaper, She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways, To aHighland Girl, The PreludeSamuel Taylor Coleridge – The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, Christable, KublaKhan, The Fall of the BastilleRobert Southey –Joan of Arc, Wat Tyler, The Inchcape Rock, The Battle ofBlenheim5-3 Romantic poets of the second generationGeorge Gordon Byron – Lyrical poems:She Walks in Beauty, When We Two Parted, HebrewMelodiesLong Poems:Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, Don JuanPercy Bysshe Shelley – Prometheus Unbound, The Cenci, Ode to the West Wind,Ode to a Skylark, A Defense of Poetry, The Necessity OfAtheismJohn Keats –When I have a Fear, On Melancholy, On a Grecian Urn, To Psyche,To Autumn, Ode to a Nightingale5-4 prose writers of the Romantic AgeCharles Lamb – Tales from Shakespeare, Essays of Elia, Old ChinaWilliam Hazlitt – Literary critics:The Characters of Shakespeare’s Plays, Lectures on the EnglishPoets, Lectures on the English Comic Writers, Lectureson the Dramatic Literature of the Age of Elizabeth, TheSpirit of the AgeEssays:Table Talk, The Plan Speaker, Sketches and Essays Thomas De Quincey –The Confession of an English Opium-Eater, On the Knocking at the Gate in Macbeth5-5 English fiction in the Romantic AgeWalter Scott –The Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, Marmion, The Lady of theLake, Waverley, Rob Roy, The Heart of Midlothian,IvanhoeJane Austen –Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility, Emma, Mansfield Park,Persuasion, Northanger Abbey6 The Victorian Period6-1 Critical Realist novelists in Victorian AgeCharles Dickens – The Pickwick Paper, Oliver Twist, Nicholas Nickleby, The OldCuriosity Shop, American Notes, A Christmas Carol,Dombey and Son, David Copperfield, Bleak House, HardTimes, Little Dorrit, A Tale of Two Cities, GreatExpectations, Our Mutual FriendWilliam Makepeace Thackeray – The Book of Snobs, Vanity Fair, The Newcomes,The VirginiansCharlotte Bronte – Professor, Jane Eyre, Shirley, VilletteEmily Bronte – Wuthering HeightsAnne Bronte – Agnes Grey, The Tenant of the Wildfell HallMrs. Gaskell – Life of Charlotte Bronte, Mary BartonGeorge Eliot – Adam Bede, The Mill on the Floss, Silas Marner Thomas Hardy –Under the Greenwood Tree, The Return of the Native, TheMayor of Casterbridge, Tess of D’Urbervilles, Jude theObscure, Far from the Madding Growd6-2 Victorian poetryAlfred Tennyson –In Memoriam, Idylls of the King, Break, Break, Break,Crossing the Bar, Ulysses, Poems by Two Brothers, ThePrincessRobert Browning –Men and Women, My Last Duchess, Parting at Morning,Meeting at NightMatthew Arnold –On Translating Homer, Dover Beach, Essays in Criticism,Culture and Anarchy, Literature and Dogma7 The Modern Period7-1 novelistsJohn Galsworthy – The Forsyte Saga: The Man of Property, The Indian Summerof a Forsyte (interlude), In Chancery, Awakening(interlude), To LetA Modern Comedy: The White Monkey, The Silver Spoon,Swan SongKatherine Mansfield – In a German Pension, Bliss, The Garden Party, The Dove’sNest, Something Childish, Life of Ma Parker7-2 playwrightsOscar Wilde –An Ideal Husband, The Important of Being Earnest, The Picture ofDorain Gray, A Women of No Importance, LadyWindermere’s Fan, The Happy Prince and Other T ales Bernard Shaw –Widower’s Houses, Mrs. Warren’s Profession, Man andSuperman, Major Barbara, Heartbreak House, Pygmalion John James Osborne – Look Back in AngerSamuel Beckett – Waiting for Godot7-3 poetsW. B. Yeats – Sailing to Byzantium, Leda and the Swan, The Second Coming, TheCountess Cathleen, The Land of Heart’s Desire, TheTower, Down by the Sally GardensT. S. Eliot –The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, Gerontion, The Waste Land,Hollow Man, Ash Wednesday, Four Quartets, SweeneyAmong the Nightingales, Murder in the Cathedral, TheCocktail Party, The Confidential Clerk, The Sacred Wood,Essays on Style and Order, After Strange Gods7-4 the psychological fictionsD. H. Lawrence –Sons and Lovers, The Rainbow, Women in Love, LadyChatterley’s Lover, The White Peapock, The Daughter ofthe Vicar, The Horse Dealer’s DaughterJames Joyce –Dubliners, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Ulysses,Finnegans Wake, AradyVirginia Woolf – Mrs. Dalloway, To the Lighthouse, The Waves, Orlando。

英语专八英美文学常识汇总

3专八人文知识:英国地理概况the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france and connects the atlantic ocean and north sea.英吉利海峡：英吉利海峡是一道狭长的海峡，分割英法两国，连接大西洋和北海。

the dee estuary: a small sea ( in irish sea) where the dee river enters.迪河河口：是迪河流入的一个小海。

"the act of union of 1801": in 1801 the english parliament passed an act by which scotland, wales and the kingdom of england were constitutionally joined as the kingdom of great britain.1801合并法：1801年英国议会通过法令，规定英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士根据宪法合并成为大不列颠王国。

gaelic: it is one of the celtic language, and is spoken in parts of the highlands.盖尔语：是盖尔特语言的一种，在高地地区仍有人说这种语言。

the "backbone of england": it refers to the pennies, the board ridge of hills.英格兰脊梁：指的是山脉的背脊。

lead ore: british lead ores have been worked since pre-roman times. it contains silver.铅矿：自前罗马时代开始，英国的铅矿就被开发了。

专八考试人文知识英美文学部分

英国文学知识点总结一、中古世纪时期和文艺复兴时期1.The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on theirway to Canterbury, is an important poetic work by ______. (2006)A.William LanglandB. Geoffrey ChaucerC. William ShakespeareD. AlfredTennyson2.______ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed intofourteen lines. (2006)A.Free verseB. sonnetC. odeD. epigram重要文学术语一句话定义：Ballad 民谣：Ballad is a story in poetic form to be sung or recited. It was handed down from generation to generation. 代表作：Robin HoodEpic 史诗：Epic, in poetry, refers to a long work dealing with the actions of gods and heroes. 代表作：BeowulfRenaissance 文艺复兴：It meant the reintroduction into Western Europe of the full cultural heritage of Greece and Rome.Humanism 人文主义：Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.Spenserian stanza 斯宾塞诗节：it refers to a stanza of nine lines, with the first eight lines in iambic pentameter, the last line in iambic pentameter, rhyming ababbcbcc. 代表作：the Faerie QueeneSonnet 十四行诗: A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter. 代表人物：William Shakespeare重要人物和其代表作的一句话评价：Geoffrey Chaucer 乔叟：He is regarded as the father of modern English poetry. 英国诗歌之父代表作：Canterbury Tales: A collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims.Philip Sidney 菲利普锡尼：He stands for the spirit of the Elizabeth age. 伊莉莎白时代精神的代表代表作：Defense of Poetry, Arcadia.Edmund Spenser 斯宾塞：the poet s’ poet. He created Spenser Stanza. 诗人中的诗人，斯宾塞诗节的创作者。

专八人文知识之Literature

专八人文知识之LiteratureLiterature British literature 中古时期-before 15th1. Beowulf represents the highest achievement of the old English2. Caedmon is the earliest English poet3. Sir Gawain and the green knight is one of the best Middle English romance4. William Langland-piers the plowman -the great work along with the Canterbury tales5. Geoffrey Chaucer-“the father of English poetry ” and “the father of English fiction ”6. The Robin Hood Ballads -English folk literature 文艺复兴时期-14th —17thDrama is the most distinctive achievement Poetry1. Thomas Wyatt is the first to introduce sonnet into English2. Edmund Spenser is “the poets’ poet ” and poet laureateMasterpiece: the faerie queen (Spenserian stanza-eight iambic pentameter lines and a line of six iambic feet) Other works: the shepherd’s calendar epithalamion Prose1. Thomas More Masterpiece-utopia2. Francis Bacon is England’s first essayist3.John Lyly-euphues (the use of euphuism 夸饰文体) Drama1. Christopher Marlowe-the greatest playwrightbefore Shakespeare and most gifted university writerHe first use blank verse in drama and paved the way for ShakespeareWorks: Tamburlaine the tragic history of doctor Faustus (best play) the Jew of Malta 2. William Shakespeare(37 plays,154sonnets) Four great Comedies : a midsummer night’s dream, as you like it, the merchant of V enice, twelfth nightFour great tragedies: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth3. Ben Johnson-vulpine -satirical comedy 资产阶级革命和王朝复辟时期-17thLiterature of the revolution period (age of Milton) of restoration period (age of Dryden) Poets1. John Milton (a master of blank verse ) Masterpiece: paradise lost others: Samson agonist’s paradise regained John Donne-the founder of the metaphysical schoolMasterpiece: a valediction: forbidding mourning Proses1. John Bunyan-the pilgrim’s progress WritersJeremy Collier-a short view of the immorality and profaneness of the English stage2. John Dryden -the father of English criticism Forerunner of the English classical school of literature in the 18th and poet laureate for 20 years, he also created the heroic couplet an essay of dramatic poesy (best work) all for love Absalom and acidophil the hind and the panthe r 启蒙运动时期-18th The age of enlightenment/reasonEnlightenment movement (reason, equality, science) Neoclassicism (a revival of classical standards of order, balance and harmony, john Dryden and alexander pope) Sentimentalism The graveyard school (sentimental lamentation or meditation, Thomas gray is the leading figure) Writers of Neoclassicism1. Alexander Pope-the greatest English poet of the18th centuryBest known for his satirical verse , one of the first to introduce rationalismWorks: an essay on criticism the rape of the lock essayon man2.Samuel Johnson-“grand champion in literature ofthat age”Works: the dictionary of the English language the lives of English poetsWriters of realistic tradition1.Daniel Defoe-the discoverer of the modern novel“father of English and European novels”Robinson Crusoe-the first English novelOther works: captain singleton colonel Jacque moll Flanders2.Jonathan Swift(an Irish master of satires) Works: a tale of a tub (established his name as a satirist) a modest proposal Masterpiece: Gulliver’s travels3.Henry Fielding-father of the English novel Playwrights: the welsh opera pasquinNovels: Joseph Andrew-“a comic epic poem in prose “Jonathan wild the greatThe history of tom jones, a founding (masterpiece) Writers of sentimental tradition1.Samuel RichardsonWorks: Pamela, virtue rewarded (letters); Clarissa harlowe (letter) sir Richard grandson/doc/223144cd804d2b160b4ec0a9.html urence SterneTristram Shandy (his most famous book) a sentimental journey3.Oliver Coldsmish(an outstanding representative ofthe English sentimentalist)Works: the traveler (heroic couplet) the deserted village (hisbest poet) the vicar of Wakefield4.Thomas GrayThe leader of the graveyard school5.Edward Young-from night thoughtsEnglish drama1.John Gay-the beggar’s opera2.Richard Brinsley SheridanWorks: the rival the school for scandal (the best English comedy since Shakespeare)浪漫主义时期-18th—19thIt began with the publication of lyrical ballads Romanticism (passion, emotion, natural beauty)Pre-romantic poets1.James Thomson(the first significant poem)2.William BlakeWorks: songs of innocence songs of experiencethe marriage of heaven and hell3.Robert Burns-“national poet of Scotland”Works: my heart’s in the highlands a red red rose auld langsyne Lake poets of the first generation1.William Wordsworth(poet laureate)Finish the lyrical ballad with Samuel Taylor Coleridge Works: an evening walk Lucy poems I wondered lonely as a cloud the solitary reaper2.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeMasterpiece: the rime of the ancient mariner (ballad) Others: christabelkubla khan the fall of the bastille 3.Robert Southey Works: Joan of arc wattyler the inch cape rock the battle of BlenheimLake poets of the second generation1.George Gordon Byron-“Byronic hero”Masterpiece: son JuanWorks: she walks in beauty when we two parted Hebrew melodies2.Percy Bysshe ShelleyMasterpiece: Prometheus unboundOthers: ode to the west wind ode to a skylark3.John Keats“Beauty is truth, truth beauty” “pure poetry” “art for art’s sake”Works: when I have a fear on melancholy on a Grecian urn to psycheProse writers1.Charles LambTales from Shakespeare essays of Elias old china2.William Hazlitt(the representative of romanticcriticism)Critics: lectures on the English poets the spirit of the ageEssays: table talks the plain speaker sketches and essays 3.Thomas de QuinceMasterpiece: the confession of an English opium-ente r Fictions1. Walter Scott (historical novelist)He paves the way to the realism and marked the transition from the romanticism to realism Works: Ivanhoe (best-known novel) Waverley Marmon3.Jane Austen-the first English woman novelist Pride and prejudice sense and sensibility Emma Mansfield park persuasion Northanger abbey维多利亚时期（1836-1901）Critical realism (novel)The greatest novelist of this time is Charles Dickens Naturalism-Darwin’s biological theories-Emile Zola Critical realist novelists1.Charles DickensThe Pickwick papers Oliver twist Dumbly and son David copper field bleak house hard timesa tale of two cities-“where there is oppression, there is revolution” great expectation2.William Makepeace ThackerayMasterpiece: vanity FairOthers: the book of snobs the newcomes the Virginians3.Charlotte BronteShe is the forerunner of the feminism and the feminism literaryMasterpiece: Jane EyreOthers: Professor Shirley villette4.Emily BronteWuthering heights 5.Anne BronteAgnes grey the tenant of the wild fell hall6.Mrs. Gaskell(female writer)Life of charlotte brontemary barton (masterpiece)7.George Eliot(female writer)Adam bede the mill on the floss silasmarner8.Thomas HardyRegarded as transitional writer for “regional novels”Masterpiece:Tess of D’UrbervillesOthers: Jude the obscure under the greenwood treethe return of the native the mayor of caster bridge Poetry1.Alfred Tennyson(“poet of the people”)“The big three”-Tennyson, browning, Arnold Works: break, break, and break in memoriam Ulysses 2.Robert Browning The most original poet in Victorian age (contribution: dramatic monologues)Works: men and women my last duchess parting at morning meeting at night3.Matthew ArnoldDover Beach (masterpiece) on translating homer现代主义（19世纪末）Modernism (philosophy and the theory ofpsycho-analysis, focusing on private, subjunctive, inner and individual)Novelists1.John Galsworthymasterpiece: the Forsyth saga(福尔赛世家三部曲) includes the man of property, the Indian summer of a Forsyth, in chancery, awakening, to leta modern comedy(现代戏剧三部曲) includes the white monkey, the silver spoon, swan song2.Katherine MansfieldShe is a famous woman writer of short stories Works: in a German pension bliss the garden party the dove’s nest something childishPlaywrights1.Oscar WildeThe picture of Dorian gray the happy prince and other tales2.Bernard ShawHe was the greatest dramatist since Shakespeare and accepted Nobel Prize in 1925Works: man and superman major Barbara heartbreak housePygmalion3.John James OsborneMasterpiece: look back in anger4.Samuel Beckett(爱尔兰戏剧家和小说家，荒诞派戏剧的重要代表人物)Masterpiece: waiting for godotPoets1.W．B．YeatsOne of the greatest poets in the English literature and got Nobel Prize in 1923Works: sailing to Byzantium Leda and the swan the second coming2. T.S. Eliot Got Nobel prize in 1948The waste land (long poet) four quartets murder in the cathedralThe psychological fictions(心理小说)1. D.H. LawrenceSons and lovers the rainbow woman in love lady Chatterley’s lover the white peacockThe daughter of the vicar the horse dealer’s daughter 2. James JoyceForerunner of “stream of consciousness”Works: Dubliners a portrait of the artist as a young man Ulysses Finnegan’s wake Araby3.Virginia Woolf advocator of the feminist movement Mrs. Dalloway to the lighthouse the waves Orlando美国文学殖民地时期和独立革命时期American puritanism (predestination, original sin, total depravity, limited atonement) Writers in colonial period1.John Smith-“the first author”A true relation of Virginia-“the first book”2.William BradfordOf Plymouth plantation3.John WinthropThe history of New EnglandWriters of puritanism1.Anne Bradstreet(female)The tenth muse lately sprung up in America contemplations the flesh and the spirit2.Jonathan EdwardsThe freedom of the will the great doctrine of original sin defended the nature of true virtueWriters in the revolution1.Benjamin FranklinPoor Richard’s almanac (many practical sayings about life) The autobiography (representative work of franklin)2.Roger Williams(puritan dissenters)3.Thomas Paine-the father of American revolution The common sense-the greatest of the revolutionary pamphlets The American crisis the rights of man the age of reason4.Philip Freneau-“a poet if the American Revolution”and “the father of American poetry”The rising glory of American the wild honey suckle 5.Thomas JeffersonDeclaration of Independence浪漫主义时期（18世纪末-19中后期）American romanticism advocate individualism and every should fight for individual rightAnd happiness bravelyWriters of pre-romanticism1.Washington Irving-the father of AmericanliteratureThe sketch book-mark the beginning of Americanromanticism2.James Fennimore cooper描写西进运动开创边疆传奇小说Leather stocking tales（the pioneer, the last ofMohicans, the prairie, the pathfinder, the deepslayer）Writers in transcendentalism1. Ralph Waldo EmersonNature-the manifesto(宣言) of American transcendentalism The American scholar2. Henry David ThoreauMasterpiece: Walden3.Nathaniel Hawthorne-first great American writerof fictionMasterpiece-the scarlet letterThe house of the seven gables twice-told tales mosses from an old manseMosses from an old manse the blithe dale romance4.Herman Melville美国浪漫主义时期成就最高的小说家，擅长写航海奇遇和异域风情Type eomoomoby dick5.Walt Whiteman-the father of free verseLeaves of grass-marked the birth of truly American poetry and praised as democratic bible and American epic6.Emily DickinsonBecause could not stop for death this is my letter to the world7.Edgar Allan PoeHe is the first American professional writer and first writer of detective storyWorks: the fall of the house of usher the raven tales of the grotesque and arabesqueFireside poets1.William Cullen BryantThe Fountain to a waterfowl song of Marion’s men2.Hennery Wadsworth Longfellow He use native themesA psalm of life voiced of the night现实主义时期（19世纪中期-20世纪初）American realism-concern for common place and the low, offering an objective viewOf human natureAmerican naturalism-evolved from realism and have ironic and pessimistic view to reality改革和废奴主义者1. Harriet Beecher Stowe (female)Uncle T om’s cabin-“the little woman that wrote the book that made this great war”2. Frederick DouglassMy bondage and freedom现实主义作家1. William Dean Howells (champion of realism)He wrote about middle class and their lifestyle Masterpiece: The Rise of Silas LaphamOthers: Venetian life criticism and fiction a modern instance3.Henry James(描写心里活动)The portrait of a lady the American the turn of the screw乡土文学1.Mark TwainFamous for his colloquial style and localismthe adventure of huckleberry Finn the adventure of tom sawyer roughing it（first）the prince and thepauper(historical romance)2.Bret HarteThe luck of roaring camp the outcasts of poker flat3.Hamlin GarlandFirst involving hard-working mid-western farmers Main traveled road crumbling ido l4.Sarah Oren Jewett(乡土文学女作家)Deep haven a country doctor5.Kate ChopinBayou folk a night in Acadia the awakening a story ofan hour自然主义作家1.Stephen CraneMaggie: a girl of the streets(美国第一部自然主义小说) The red badge of courage (a landmark in American literary naturalism)2.Frank NorrisA story of San Francisco (the octopus, the pit, the wolf) The responsibilities of the novelists3.Theodore DreiserMasterpiece: an American tragedySister Carrietrilogy of desire(欲望三部曲): The titan, the stoic, the genius4.Jack London心理现实主义的创始人（psychological realism）The call of the wild the son of the wolf the sea wolf 5. O. Henry-the father of the modern short storyThe cop and the anthem the last leaf the gift of mafi 5.Upton Sinclair(获普利策文学奖)the jungle oil spring and harvest Boston king coal现代主义时期（20世纪初）Lost generationModernism-cutting off history and a sense of despair and loss二战前诗歌1.Ezra Pound-the father of modern Americanpoetry and the father of imagist poetryCathay-translation from Chinese poets like Li BaiIn a station of the metro2.Robert FrostNorth of Boston fire and ice the road not taken 3.Wallace StevensHarmonium the man with the blue guitar collected poems 二战前小说1. F. Scott. Fitzgerald Masterpiece: the great GatsbyThe side of paradiseTender is the night2. Ernest HemingwayReceived the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 and the Nobel Prize in literature in 1954Masterpiece: a farewell to armsThe sun also rises for whom the bell tolls the old man and the sea3. Sinclair Lewis-the first American author to win the Nobel PrizeMain Street Babbitt Elmer gantry dodsworthannVickers 4.William FaulknerAwarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1950 Soldier’s pay mosquitoes the sound and the fury light in august the wild palms the hamle t5.John Steinbeck1962获诺贝尔文学奖The grapes of wrath tortilla flat of mice and men the pearl 二战前戏剧Eugene O’NeilBeyond the horizon the hairy ape desire under the elms当代作家1.Ralph Ellison（黑人作家）Invisible man2.Saul Bellow 1976年获诺贝尔文学奖The adventures of Augie march Seize the day the dangling man3.John UpdikeBabbitt run/redux/rich/rest4.Tennessee WilliamsThe glass menagerie a streetcar named desire cat ona hot tin roof5.Arthur MillerDeath of a salesman6.Edward AlbeeThe zoo storyWho’s afraid of Vi rginia Woolf7. J.D.SalingerThe catcher in the rye7.Allen GinsbergHowl8.Jack KerouacOn the road语言学Language: a system of arbitrary vocal symbolsFeatures:1.Arbitrariness:首先由Saussure提出，语言的形式与表达的意义没有天然的联系）2. Duality3.Creativity：语言的能产性4.Displacement：可以让使用者在交际时用语言符号代表时间上和空间上并不可及的物体、时间或观点Functions1. Informative2. Interpersonal function3.Performative施为功能：改变人的社会地位4. Emotional function5.Phatic communion寒暄功能6. Recreational functionMain branches: 1.articulatory phonetics 发音语音学-研究语音的生成Phonetic语音学2.acoustic phonetics声学语音学-研究语音的物理属性3.auditory phonetics听觉语音学-研究语音如何被感知Consonants辅音：发生时气流受阻vowels：Without obstructionCoarticulation协同发音/assimilation rule同化规则：实际说话中语音持续受临近音的影响Anticipatory Coarticulation逆协同发音/regressive assimilation逆同化:前一个音受后一个音的影响Preservative Coarticulation顺协同发音/progressive assimilation顺同化：后一个音受前一个音的影响Phonology音系学最小对立体：两个意思不同的单词，出来出现在同一位置上的一个音外，其余的音都相同Phoneme音位：The smallest unit of sound in a language Free variation：同一个词发成两个不同的音Morphology形态学Morpheme语素：Morpheme is the smallest unit of language Affix词缀prefix前缀=derivational affix派生词缀suffix后缀=inflectional affix曲折词缀Infix中缀词汇变化：invention词的创新e.g.：coke nylon blending混拼词e.g.：smog telex abbreviation缩写e.g.：adcoper Acronym首字母缩写e.g.：WTO back-formation逆构词法e.g.：television-televise editor-edit analogical creation类推构词e.g.：slay slew-slayed borrowing外来词词义变化：broadening词义扩大narrowing词义缩小meaning shift词义转移class shiftSyntax句法学Category范畴指语言单位的特征such as number，gender，case，tense，aspect，voiceNumber：singular，pluralGender：feminine，masculine，neuterCase：nominative主格，accusative宾格，genitive属格Tense：past，presentEndocentric constructions向心结构：一个分布功能可以等于其中一个充当主词或中心词的成分的结构Exocentric constructions离心结构：没有明显的主词或中心词Theme主位：已知的信息是明确的，说话者从它开始谈话Rheme述位：说话者的陈述有关，或涉及说话起点的内容Communication dynamism（CD）交际力：句子成分对交际发展所做的贡献的程度Semantic语义学G．Leech’s 7 types of meaning: conceptual meaning, connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning ,Collocative meaning(搭配意义)，thematic meaning主要含义关系：synonymy同意关系antonymy反义关系hyponymy上下意关系Pragmatics语用学Speech Act Theory言语行为理论由John Lang show Austin 提出Performative施为句：一个句子在实施某种行为 e.g.：I apologizeConstative叙事句：叙述说话人在说话时所做的事A theory of the illocutionary act行事行为理论Locutionary act 言内行为：说话表达的字面意义Illocutionary act言外行为：说话表达的别的含义如允诺警告等Perlocutionary act言后行为：说话在听者身上产生的效果The theory of conversational implicature会话含义理论由Hebert Paul Grace提出The Q- and R-principle 由Laurence horn发展得来The Q- principle基于听话人the R-principle基于说话人Important distinctions：Prescriptive规定式&descriptive描写式，规定式说明事情应该是怎么的，描写式描述事物本身怎么的。

英语专八英美文学常识(EnglishLiterature)

英国文学（English LiteratureOld and Medieval English Literatus英语文学但世纪-14 世纪）1）The Old English Period / The Anglo-Saxon Per古英语时期（449-1066）a. pagan poetry（异教诗歌）:Beowulf《贝奥武甫》-最早的诗歌；长诗（3000 行）heroism & fatalism & Christian qualitiesthe folk lege nds of the primitive n orthern tribes; a heroic Scandin avia n epic lege nd; 善恶有报b. religious poetry：Caedmon凯德蒙610-680）: the first known religious poet; the father of English songCynewulf（基涅武甫9C）: The Christc. 8th C, Anglo-Saxon prose Venerable Bede（673-735）； Alfred the Great（848-901）2） The Medieval Period中世纪（1066-ca.1485 / 1500）:a. Romance 中世纪传奇故事（1200-1500）： the Middle Ages;英雄诗歌无名诗人-Sir Gawain and the Gree n Kn igh 高文爵士与绿色骑士》：Celtic lege nd; verse-roma nee; 2530 lines ~ 14th C, Age of Chauce r* Geoffrey Chauce（乔叟1340-1400）:文风：vivid and exact Ian guage, his poetry is full of vigor and swiftn ess the father of English poetry; the father of English fiction 首创双韵体”；首位用伦敦方言写作英国作家The Canterbury Talesc ilgrims stories 受Boccaccio（薄伽丘）-Decameron《十日谈》启发The House of Fame; Troilus and Criseyde; The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰罗曼史》（译作）* William Langland｛朗兰1332-1400）：The Vision of Piers Plowmans农夫皮尔斯之幻象》：普通人眼中的社会抗议b. 15th C, English ballads Thomas Malory （1395-1471）: Morte d ' Art《亚瑟王之死》-圆桌骑士、The Renaissance Perio英国文艺复兴(1500-1660): humanism十四行诗，文艺复兴，无韵诗，伊丽莎白戏剧1）诗歌He nry Howard（霍华德1516-1547）a. Thomas Wyatt （怀亚特1503-1542）： the first to i ntroduce the sonn et into En glish literatureb. Sir Philip Sidney雪尼爵士1554-1586）：代表了当时的理想-“he complete man” Defense of Poetry《为诗辩护》Astrophel and Stella; Arcadia《阿卡狄亚》：a prose romanee filled with lyrics; a forerunner of the modern worldc. Edmund Spense斯宾塞1552-1599）： the poets ' poet; non-dramatic poet of 伊丽莎白时代-Io ng allegorical roma nee文风：a perfect melody, a rare sense of beauty and a splendid imagination. The Shepherd CalendarThe Faerie Queen《仙后》：long poem for Queen Elizabeth; Allegory - nine-line verse stanza/ the Spenserian StanzaSpenserian Stanza斯宾塞诗体）：Nine lines, the first eight lines is in iambic（抑扬格）pentameter（五步诗）,and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter（六步诗）line.2） Prose 散文a. Thomas More莫尔1478-1535）：欧洲早期空想社会主义创始人Utopia《乌托邦》：More与海员的对话b. John Lyly黎里1553-160，剧作家&小说家）：EupheusEuphuism（夸饰文体）:Abundant use of balaneed sentences, alliterations（头韵）and other artificial prosodic（韵律）means.The use of odd similes（明喻）and comparis onsc. Francis Bacon培根1561-1626）：英国首位散文家，中世纪至现代欧洲时期；近代唯物主义哲学奠基人和近代实验科学先驱the trumpeter of a new age; Essays^说文集）：Of Studies, Of Love, Of Beaut t y e first true English prose classic3）戏剧a. Christopher Marlowe马洛1564-1593）：University Wits 大学才子派Edward II ；The Jew of Malta《马耳他的犹太人》first made blank verse（无韵诗：不押韵的五步诗）the prin ciple in strume nt of En glish dramaThe Tragical History of Doctor Faustu浮士德博士的悲剧》：根据德国民间故事书写成；完善了无韵体诗。

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英国文学(English Literature)一、Old and Medieval English Literature中古英语文学(8世纪-14世纪)1) The Old English Period / The Anglo-Saxon Period古英语时期(449-1066)a. pagan poetry(异教诗歌): Beowulf《贝奥武甫》- 最早的诗歌；长诗(3000行) heroism & fatalism & Christian qualitiesthe folk legends of the primitive northern tribes; a heroic Scandinavian epic legend; 善恶有报b. religious poetry: Caedmon(凯德蒙610-680): the first known religious poet; the father of English songCynewulf(基涅武甫9C): The Christc. 8th C, Anglo-Saxon prose: Venerable Bede(673-735); Alfred the Great(848-901)2) The Medieval Period中世纪(1066-ca.1485 / 1500):a. Romance中世纪传奇故事(1200-1500): the Middle Ages; 英雄诗歌无名诗人- Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《高文爵士与绿色骑士》: Celtic legend; verse-romance; 2530 lines~ 14th C,Age of Chaucer:* Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟1340-1400): 文风：vivid and exact language, his poetry is full of vigor and swiftnessthe father of English poetry; the father of English fiction; 首创“双韵体”;首位用伦敦方言写作英国作家The Canterbury Tales:pilgrims stories 受Boccaccio(薄伽丘) - Decameron《十日谈》启发The House of Fame; Troilus and Criseyde; The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰罗曼史》(译作)* William Langland(朗兰1332-1400)：The Vision of Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯之幻象》: 普通人眼中的社会抗议b. 15th C, English ballads: Thomas Malory (1395-1471) :Morte d’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》- 圆桌骑士二、The Renaissance Period英国文艺复兴(1500-1660): humanism十四行诗，文艺复兴，无韵诗，伊丽莎白戏剧1) 诗歌Henry Howard(霍华德1516-1547)a. Thomas Wyatt (怀亚特1503-1542): the first to introduce the sonnet into English literatureb. Sir Philip Sidney(雪尼爵士1554-1586)：代表了当时的理想- “the complete man”Defense of Poetry《为诗辩护》Astrophel and Stella; Arcadia《阿卡狄亚》: a prose romance filled with lyrics; a forerunner of the modern worldc.Edmund Spenser(斯宾塞1552-1599): the poets’ poet; non-dramatic poet of伊丽莎白时代- long allegorical romance文风：a perfect melody, a rare sense of beauty and a splendid imagination. The Shepherd CalendarThe Faerie Queen《仙后》：long poem for Queen Elizabeth; Allegory - nine-line verse stanza/ the Spenserian Stanza Spenserian Stanza(斯宾塞诗体): Nine lines, the first eight lines is in iambic(抑扬格) pentameter(五步诗),and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter(六步诗) line.2) Prose 散文a. Thomas More(莫尔1478-1535): 欧洲早期空想社会主义创始人Utopia《乌托邦》: More与海员的对话b. John Lyly (黎里1553-160，剧作家&小说家)：EupheusEuphuism(夸饰文体): Abundant use of balanced sentences, alliterations(头韵) and other artificial prosodic(韵律) means.The use of odd similes(明喻) and comparisonsc. Francis Bacon (培根1561-1626)：英国首位散文家，中世纪至现代欧洲时期; 近代唯物主义哲学奠基人和近代实验科学先驱the trumpeter of a new age;Essays(论说文集)：Of Studies, Of Love, Of Beauty: the first true English prose classic3) 戏剧a. Christopher Marlowe(马洛1564-1593): University Wits 大学才子派Edward II；The Jew of Malta《马耳他的犹太人》first made blank verse(无韵诗：不押韵的五步诗) the principle instrument of English dramaThe Tragical History of Doctor Faustus《浮士德博士的悲剧》：根据德国民间故事书写成; 完善了无韵体诗。

Tamburlaine the Great《帖木儿大帝》：残酷而野心勃勃的帝王b. William Shakespeare(剧作家&诗人, 1564-1616): 154 sonnets(十四行诗) + 37 plays + long poems; 现实主义创始人16 comedies :Merchant of Venice (Shylock; Antonio; Bassanio; Portia);The Taming of the Shrew《驯悍记》A Mid-Summer Night’s Dream; As You Like It《皆大欢喜》; The Twelfth Night;The Comedy of Errors;Much Ado About Nothing《无事生非》; The Winter’s Tale《冬天的故事》; All is Well that Ends Well《终成眷属》11 tragedies: Romeo and Juliet;Hamlet; Macbeth《麦克白》;The Tempest《暴风雨》Othello: a hero Othello vs. bad man Iago; Venice and CyprusKing Lear: British King; greatest achievement; most complex in plot and most painful10 historical plays: Henry IV; Henry Vc. Ben Jonson(琼生1562-1637 诗人&剧作家&批评家): Comedy of Humors; Volpone《狐狸》; The Alchemist《炼金术士》三、17世纪文学1) Literature of the Revolution Period (Age of Milton)资产阶级革命时期: poetry (Metaphysical玄学派+ Cavalier骑士派)a. John Donne(多恩1572-1631)：玄学派创始人; A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning《临别辞：莫悲伤》文风：obscene, vulgar and serious philosophical thinking – the conflict between body and soulThe Holy Sonnets; The Flea; Go and Catch a Falling Star; The Songs and Sonnets（主题-爱）b. John Milton(弥尔顿1608-1674)：Renaissance and Reformation (宗教改革)Paradise Regained《复乐园》;Paradise Lost《失乐园》: the greatest English epic; Satan is the heroSamson Agonistes《力士参孙》：closet drama; for reading rather than performing;On His Blindness《目盲自咏》; Areopagitica《论出版自由》; Comus;L’allegro《快乐的人》;Lycidasc. John Bunyan(班扬1628-1688): prose writing in the Puritan Age; 文风：simple and lively prose styleThe Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》: prose allegory depicting a human soul searching for salvation 宗教寓言“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，英国文学史上里程碑式著作。