Free_Verse_(II)自由诗体

英美文学名词解释Alliteration (头韵)Alliteration is the repetition of the same initial consonant sound within a line or a group of words.头韵：在一组词的开头或重读音节中对相同辅音或不同元音的重复。

Classicism (古典主义)A movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome.古典主义：一种在文学，艺术，音乐领域体现古代希腊，罗马风格的运动。

Comedy (喜剧)A dramatic work that is often humorous or satirical in tone and usually contains a happy resolution of the thematic conflict. 喜剧：轻松的和常有幽默感的或在调子上是讽刺的戏剧作品，常包括主题冲突的愉快解决Conflict (冲突)A struggle between two opposing forces or characters in a short story, novel, play, or narrative poem.冲突：故事，小说，戏剧中相对的力量和人物之间的对立。

Couplet (双韵体)A unit of verse consisting of two successive lines, usually rhyming and having the same meter and often forming a complete thought or syntactic unit.双韵体：包括两个相连的诗行的一种诗的单位，通常压韵并具有同样的格律，经常组成一个完整的意思和句法单位Heroic couplet (英雄双韵体)A couplet written in iambic pentameter is called a heroic couplet.英雄双韵体：五步抑扬格的双韵体称英雄双韵体。

常见的英语诗歌类型包括以下几种：
1. 叙事诗（Narrative Poetry）：叙事诗通常讲述一个完整的故事，以叙事为主，强调情节和人物塑造。

例如，《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等。

2. 抒情诗（Lyric Poetry）：抒情诗通常以情感表达为主，通常描述个人情感和内心世界。

例如，威廉·莎士比亚的许多诗歌都属于抒情诗范畴。

3. 格律诗（Metered Poetry）：格律诗通常遵循一定的节奏和韵律，例如，五步抑扬格、四步抑扬格等。

例如，约翰·弥尔顿的《失乐园》等。

4. 自由诗（Free Verse）：自由诗不受传统诗歌形式的限制，可以自由表达，没有固定的节奏和韵律。

例如，埃兹拉·庞德的诗歌等。

5. 讽刺诗（Satirical Poetry）：讽刺诗通常以幽默或嘲讽的方式对某人或某事进行批评或调侃。

例如，约翰·贝杰曼的《乔治·华盛顿》等。

6. 哲理诗（Philosophical Poetry）：哲理诗通常探讨人生、宇宙、伦理等哲学问题，以深刻的思考和洞见为特点。

例如，约翰·多恩的《没有人是一座孤岛》等。

7. 童话诗（Fairy Tale Poetry）：童话诗通常基于童话故事或神话传说，具有丰富的想象力和奇幻色彩。

例如，《彼得·潘》等。

8. 寓言诗（Fable Poetry）：寓言诗通常通过讲述动物或其他虚构人物的故事来传达某种道德或教训。

例如，《狐狸和葡萄》等。

freeverse的名词解释
自由诗（free verse）是诗歌的一个类别，与格律诗相对，是指那些没有固定规格，不受音韵、字数、行数、节数限制的诗体。

诗歌是通过诗人的艺术想像与丰富情感，以及鲜明的节奏与韵律，高度集中、概括形象地反映社会生活、表达诗人思想感情的文体，是最早出现的文学形式之一。

自由诗便是在诗歌漫长的发展演变过程中，逐渐形成发展起来的一种崭新的诗歌表现形式。

自由诗相对格律诗而言，在创作上有了较大的突破与自由。

自由诗不要求节数、行数、字数的整齐，也不要求在词义与音韵上对仗，其起韵、换韵、押韵不要求有固定的规律。

虽然自由诗也讲究节奏与韵律的优美与变化，但并不要求有规律地组合音节，也不要求有固定不变的规则，而是运用顺乎口语的自然旋律，使语音自然错落，形成间歇，以求得节奏与韵律的自然优美，因此，自由诗所表现的领域更加宽广，更适于表现复杂的社会生活与奔放的思想感情。

自由诗的创始人是近代美国著名诗人惠特曼，是他为了表达对新时代的憧憬和热爱，歌颂大自然、歌颂大海、歌颂劳动、歌颂和平，而创造出来的一种全新的诗歌形式。

自由诗在我国的产生，是“五四”新文化运动时期，在胡适、郭沫若等人的倡导下逐渐普及开来，一直发展至今，成为现代文学史上璀璨的明珠。

free verse名词解释
Free verse是一种搭配自由的不等句子长度语言，这种文本没有押韵或格律，但通常保留了句子的意思和情感。

作为一种不完全摆脱韵律特征的形式，它会使用一些古老和熟悉的音节及节奏，但把它看作连贯的一部分。

Free verse一般没有一般歌词的一部分，如押韵，成语，文件审查等。

相反，它会强调原有的情感和情绪，以便把诗句立刻落实在普通语言里。

Free verse不仅在现代抒情诗中有多种用法，也是古典诗体的一个组成部分，它可以从两个不同的角度被发现：作为一种审查体，它会把注意力放在所表达的情绪和情感上，因此我们能比较便点看到它的抒情艺术；也可以被视为一种技术，其中诗人在各种押韵形式中会逐渐的改变诗的表述形式 put。

Free verse在西方文学史上的出现最早可以追溯到拉丁文的古典诗体，从那时开始一些作者就在写自己的诗歌时不跟着原有的文艺规则，把句子的数量和长度放松，以求诗能更好地表达自己的想法。

后来，在英国17世纪，William Wordsworth首先看到了这种改变，他希望英国诗歌不仅可以表现复杂的思想，而且可以和口语中的日常会话一样包容。

Wordsworth把它称之为“抒情”，从那时起，英语诗歌逐渐向新的方向发展，就是把詩歌改造成更加简单，把意思紧凑的形式，称之为free verse。

Free verse的灵活的结构使它成为许多英语诗歌的重要形式，它可以有助于把诗句立刻落实，及充分释放它的感情意味。

由于
结构自由，他也可以做到比较清晰地传达没有严格押韵的内容，适合一些更加现代化的思想传达给读者。

Free verse正在继续发展，它的抒情能力，具有大量的诗的可能性。

American Puritanism 美国清教主义Simply speaking, American Puritanism just refers to the spirit and ideal of puritans who settled in the North American continent in the early part of the seventeenth century because of religious persecutions.美国清教主义指的是清教徒的精神和理想的定居在北美大陆十七世纪初期由于内容的宗教迫害。

It migration that laid the foundation for the religious, intellectual, and social order of New England. 它为新英格兰奠定了宗教，知识和社会秩序的基础。

Puritans adhered to the Five Points of Calvinism as codified at the Synod of Dort: unconditional election, limited atonement, total depravity, irresistible grace and the perseverance of the saints. 清教徒遵循加尔文派于多特宗教会议上制定的五点信条：无条件拣选，有限救赎，完全堕落，不可抗拒的恩典，以及圣徒的坚守。

It is basis of American literature. All literature is based on a myth – garden of Eden.It contributing to the development of Symbolism: a technique, widely used.它是美国文学的基础。

英国文学简史英美文学史名词翻译Neoclassicism (新古典主义) Renaissance (文艺复兴）Metaphysical poetry （玄学派诗歌）Classism （古典主义)Enlightenment （启蒙运动) Romanticism (浪漫主义)Byronic Hero (拜伦式英雄）Aestheticism(美学主义）Stream of consciousness （意识流）the Age of Realism (现实主义时期) Naturalism （自然主义）Local Colorist （乡土文学)Imagism (意象主义) The Lost Generation （迷惘的一代）Surrealism （超现实主义) The Beat Generation (垮掉的一代）Metaphysical poets (玄学派诗人）New Criticism (新批评主义)Feminism（女权主义) Hemingway Code Hero （海明威式英雄）Impressionism (印象主义) Post modernity （后现代主义）Realism （现实主义）Allegory （寓言)Romance （传奇）epic(史诗）Blank Verse （无韵诗）Essay （随笔)Masques or Masks （假面剧）Spenserian Stanza (斯宾塞诗节)Three Unities （三一。

原则）Meter （格律)Soliloquy (独白) Cavalier poets (骑士派诗人)Elegy （挽歌）. Action/plot (情节）Atmosphere （基调) Epigram (警句）The Heroic Couplet (英雄对偶句）Sentimentalism （感伤主义文学)Aside （旁白）Denouement （戏剧结局）parable (寓言）Genre （流派)Irony （反讽）Satire （讽刺)Lyric (抒情诗）Ode （颂歌)Pastoral （田园诗) Canto (诗章）Lake Poets (湖畔诗人) Image （意象）Dramatic monologue(戏剧独白）Psychological novel （心理小说)Allusion (典故) Protagonist and Antagonist (正面人物与反面人物) Symbolism （象征主义) Existentialism （存在主义）Anti—hero (反面人物）Rhyme (押韵）Round Character （丰满的人物）Flat character （平淡的人物)Oedipus complex (俄狄浦斯情结/蛮母厌父情结) Iambic pentameter (抑扬格五音步）Poetic license (诗的破格) Legend （传说)Myth (神话) Pessimism （悲观主义）Tragicomedy (悲喜剧）Comedy of manners (风俗喜剧)Free Verse (自由体诗歌) Magic realism (魔幻现实主义) Autobiography (自传) Biography （传记）Foot （脚注）Protagonist （正面人物）Psychological Realism (心理现实主义) Setting (背景)Chronicle《编年史》Ballads 民谣consonant(协调,一致) repetition (反复)repeated initial(开头的)一、中世纪文学（约5世纪—1485）•《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）•《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight )杰弗利·乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer）―英国诗歌之父(Father of English Poetry）《坎特伯雷故事》（The Canterbury Tales ）二、文艺复兴时期文学(15世纪后期—17世纪初）•托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More ）《乌托邦》（Utopia）•埃德蒙·斯宾塞(Edmund Spenser）《仙后》(The Faerie Queene）•弗兰西斯·培根（Francis Bacon）《论说文集》(Essays)•克里斯托弗·马洛(Christopher Marlowe）《帖木儿大帝》（Tamburlaine)《浮士德博士的悲剧》(The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr。

free verse 名词解释自由诗（Free Verse）是指没有定型规则和特定韵律的一种诗歌形式。

它不受传统的韵律、节奏或押韵的限制，而是以自由的形式表达诗人内心的情感、思想和意象。

自由诗的起源可以追溯到19世纪末的英国，当时有一群诗人开始挑战传统的韵律和格律，追求更自由、开放和表达性强的诗歌形式。

他们希望通过放弃传统的结构限制，能够更自由地表达内心感受，并呈现真实而直接的情感。

自由诗的特点是它的形式和结构是相对开放和自由的。

它没有固定的诗行长度、押韵模式或韵律规则。

诗人可以根据自己的需要和创作意图来组织文字和节奏。

这使得自由诗在表达诗人个人情感和思想上更加灵活多样。

自由诗的语言和意象丰富多样，可以使用现代语言和口语风格，也可以创造新的词汇和形象。

因为没有押韵和韵律的限制，自由诗可以运用各种修辞手法和隐喻来增强表达效果。

诗人可以自由选择句子的长度和排列，以及诗的结构和节奏，以达到他们想要表达的目的。

自由诗的主题也非常广泛，涉及各种生活和社会问题。

诗人可以通过自由的形式表达个人的情感、思考现实问题、探索人类存在的意义，或者反思社会和文化的弊端。

自由诗在20世纪以来的现代主义文学中得到了广泛的应用和发展。

许多诗人通过自由诗的形式创造出了许多令人印象深刻的作品，如埃兹拉·庞德、T·S·艾略特、沃尔特·惠特曼等人。

自由诗的形式也对现代诗歌的发展产生了深远的影响，使得诗歌创作更加自由、个性化和创新。

总之，自由诗是一种没有特定形式和韵律的诗歌创作形式，通过自由的结构和语言表达诗人的情感和思想。

它的开放性和自由性为诗人提供了创作上的灵活性，并且在现代文学中具有重要的地位和影响。

了解不同的诗歌形式感受诗意诗，是一种表达音乐感的文字艺术，它通过独特的形式和韵律，展示了诗人内心世界的景象与情感。

在世界各地，存在着各种各样的诗歌形式，每一种形式都有其独特的特点和魅力。

本文将介绍几种常见的诗歌形式，带领读者领略不同形式的诗歌带来的诗意。

1. Haiku哈叶克（Haiku）是一种来自日本的古老诗歌形式。

它由三行组成，每行分别为5、7、5个音节。

Haiku通常以自然景观或季节为主题，力求用简洁而凝练的语言表达深刻的情感。

例如：春风吹花落满地红人未归2. Sonnet十四行诗（Sonnet）源于欧洲文艺复兴时期，是一种由14行组成的诗歌形式。

它通常分为两个四行集（四联体）和两个三行集（三联体）组成。

每一行通常是十音节，并按照特定的韵律模式排列。

Sonnet常被用来表达对爱情的探索和思考。

例如：Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate.Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer's lease hath all too short a date.3. Free Verse自由诗（Free Verse），顾名思义，指的是没有被严格限制韵律和格律的诗歌。

它不受任何形式的限制，诗人可以自由地用词、排列和表达。

自由诗常常以自然景观、日常生活和个人情感为主题，通过诗人自由的表达方式，传递出强烈的情感共鸣。

例如：I wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high o'er vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of golden daffodils.4. Tanka短歌（Tanka）是一种源于日本的五行诗形式。

American Puritanism清教主义:Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the puritans. The Puritans were originally members of a division of the protestant church who wanted to purify their religious beliefs and practices. They accepted the doctrines of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God. American literature in the 17th century mostly consisted of Puritan literature. Puritanism had an enduring influence on American literature. It had become, to some extent, so much a state of mind, so much a part of national cultural atmosphere, rather than a set of tenets. Transcendentalism 超验主义: Transcendentalism was a group of new ideas in literature, religion, culture and philosophy that emerged in New England in the early to middle 19th century. Transcendentalists spoke for cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American society. It placed emphasis on spirit, or the Over soul, as the most important thing in the world. It stressed the importance of individual and offered a fresh perception nature ad symbolic of the spirit of God. Prominent transcendentalists included Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thorough.American Naturalism美国自然主义文学: American naturalism was a new and harsher realism. The naturalists attempt to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness, presenting characters of low social and economic classes who were determined by environment and heredity. It emphasized that the world was amoral, the men and women had no free will, that lives were controlled by heredity and environment, that the destiny of humanity was misery in life and oblivion in death. The pessimism and deterministic ideas naturalism pervaded the works of such American writers as Stephen Crane and Theodore Dreiser.American Naturalism(美国自然主义文学)：The American naturalists accepted the more negative interpretation of Darwin’s evolutionary theory and used it to account for the behavior of those characters in literary works who were regarded as more or less complex combinations of inherited attributes, their habits conditioned by social and economic forces.2) naturalism is evolved from realism when the author’s tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more pessimistic. It is no more than a gloomy philosophical approach to reality, or to human existence.3>Dreiser is a leading figure of his school.The Gilded Age镀金时代:the Gilded Age refers to the era of rapid economic and population growth in the United States during the post-Civil War and post-Reconstruction eras of the late 19th century. The term "Gilded Age" was coined by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner in their 1873 book, The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today.The Gilded Age is most famous for the creation of a modern industrial economy. The end of the Gilded Age coincided with the Panic of 1893, a deep depression. The depression lasted until 1897 and marked a major political realignment in the election of 1896. After that came the Progressive Era.The Lost Generation迷惘的一代:The Lost Generation is a group of expatriate American writers residing primarily in Paris during the 1920s and 1930s. The group was given its name by the American writer Ger trude Stein, who used “a lost generation” to refer to expatriate Americans bitter about their World War I experiences and disillusioned with American society. Hemingway later used the phrase as an epigraph for his novel The Sun Also Rises. It consisted of many influential American writers, including Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, William Carlos Williams and Archibald MacLeish.The Lost Generation(迷惘的一代）：The lost generation is a term first used by Stein to describe the post-war I generation of American writers:men and women haunted by a sense of betrayal and emptiness brought about by the destructiveness of the war.2>full of youthful idealism, these individuals sought the meaning of life, drank excessively, had love affairs and created some of the finest American literature to date.3>the three best-known representatives of lost generation are F.Scott Fitzgerald, Hemingway and John dos Passos. Tragedy:In general, a literary work in which the protagonist meets an unhappy or disastrous end. Unlike comedy, tragedy depicts the actions of a central character whois usually dignified or heroic. Through a series of events, this tragic hero is brought to a final downfall. The causes of the tragic hero’s downfall vary. In traditional dramas, the cause can be f ate, a flaw in character or an error in judgment. In modern dramas, where the tragic hero is often an ordinary individual, the causes range from moral or psychological weakness to the evils of society.Catch-22第22条军规:Catch-22 is a general critique of bureaucratic operation and reasoning. Resulting from its specific use in the book, the phrase "Catch-22" is common idiomatic usage meaning "a no-win situation" or "a double bind" of any type. The term was originally from Joseph Heller’s anti novel Catch-22.Beat Generation垮掉的一代:、Group of American writers of the 1950s whose writing expressed profound dissatisfaction with contemporary American society and endorsed an alternative set of values. The term sometimes is used to refer to those who embraced the ideas of these writers. The Beat Generation's best-known figures were writers Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac.The Beat Generation(垮掉的一代):The members of The Beat Generation were new bohemian libertines. Who engaged in a spontaneous, sometimes messy, creativity.2> The Beat writers produced a body of written work controversial both for its advocacy of non-conformity and for its non-conforming style.3> the major beat writings are Allen Ginsberg’s howl.Howl became the manifesto of The Beat Generation.Psychological Realism心理现实主义:It is the realistic writing that probes deeply into the complexities of characters’ thoughts and motivations. It places more than the usual amount of emphasis on interior characterization and on the motives, and internal action which springs from and develops external action. In Psychological Realism, character and characterization are more than usually important. Henry James is considered a great master of psychological realism.Free Verse自由诗体:Free verse is poetry that has an irregular rhythm and line length and that attempts to avoid any predetermined verse structure, instead, it uses the cadences of natural speech. While it alternates stressed and unstressed syllables as stricter verse form do, free verse dose so in a looser way. Walt Whitman’s poetry is an example of free verse.Confessional Poetry自白诗:It is a type of modern poetry in which poets speak with openness and frankness about their own lives, such as in poems about illness, sexuality and despondence. Robert Lowell, Sylvia Plath and Allen Ginsberg and Theodore Roethke are the most important American poets.Imagism意象派:The 1920s saw a vigorous literary activity in America. In poetry there appeared a strong reaction against Victorian poetry. Imagists placed primary reliance on the use of precise, sharp images as a means of poetic expression and stressed precision in the choice of words, freedom in the choice of subject matter and form, and the use of colloquial language. Most of the imagist poets wrote in free verse, using such devices as assonance and alliteration rather than formal metrical schemes to give structure to their poetry.The movement which had these as its aims is known in literary history as Imagism. Its prime mover was Ezra Pound.Imagism(意象主义)：Imagism came into being in Britain and U.S around 1910 as a reaction to the traditional English poetry to express the sense of fragmentation and dislocation.2>the imagists, with Ezra Pound leading the way, hold that the most effective means to express these momentary impressions is through the use of one dominant image.3>imagism is characterized by the following three poetic principles:A.direct treatment of subject matter;B.economy of expression;C. as regards rhythm ,to compose in the sequence of the musical phrase, not in the sequence of metronome. 4> pou nd’s In a Station of the Metro is a well-known inagist poem. Black Humor:the use of morbid and the absurd for darkly comic purposes in modern fiction and drama. The term refers as much to the tone of anger and bitterness as it does to the grotesque and morbid situations, which often deal with suffering, anxiety, and death. Black humor is a substantial element in the Anti-novel and the Theatre of Absurd. Joseph Heller's Catch-22 is an almost archetypal example.Irony:A contrast or an incongruity between what is stated and what is really meant, or between what is expected to happen and what actually happens in drama and literature. There are types of irony: verbal irony, dramatic irony and irony of situation. Irony of situation typically takes the form of a discrepancy between appearance and reality, or between what a character expects and what actually happens. Both verbal and irony of situation share the suggestion of a concealed truth conflicting with surface appearances.A Jja zz age(爵士时代):Jazz Age describes the period of the 1920s and 1930s, the years between world war I and world war II. Particularly in north America. With the rise of the great depression, the values of this age saw much decline. Perhaps the most representative literary work of the age is American writer Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Highlighting what some describe as the decadence and hedonism, as well as the growth of individualism. Fitzgerald is largely credited with coining the term” Jazz Age”.Nathaniel Hawthorneworks(1)Two collections of short stories: Twice-toldTales, Mosses from and Old Manse(2)The Scarlet Letter(3)The House of the Seven Gables(4)The Marble Faun1.point of view(1)Evil is at the core of human life, “thatblackness in Hawthorne”(2)Whenever there is sin, there is punishment.Sin or evil can be passed from generation togeneration (causality).(3)He is of the opinion that evil educates.(4)He has disgust in science.2.aesthetic ideas(1)He took a great interest in history andantiquity. To him these furnish the soil onwhich his mind grows to fruition.(2)He was convinced that romance was thepredestined form of American narrative. Totell the truth and satirize and yet not tooffend: That was what Hawthorne had inmind to achieve.3.style – typical romantic writer(1)the use of symbols(2)revelation of characters’ psychology(3)the use of supernatural mixed with theactual(4)his stories are parable (parable inform) – toteach a lesson(5)use of ambiguity to keep the reader in theworld of uncertainty –multiple point ofviewEdgar Allen PoeWorks1.short stories(1)ratiocinative storiesa.Ms Found in a Bottleb.The Murders in the Rue Morguec.The Purloined Letter(2)Revenge, death and rebirtha.The Fall of the House of Usherb.Ligeiac.The Masque of the Red Death(3)Literary theorya.The Philosophy of Compositionb.The Poetic Principlec.Review of Hawthorne’s Twice-told TalesI.Themes1.death –predominant theme in Poe’s writing“Poe is not interested in anything alive. Everythingin Poe’s writings is dead.”2.disintegration (separation) of life3.horror4.negative thoughts of scienceII.Aesthetic ideas1.The short stories should be of brevity, totality,single effect, compression and finality.2.The poems should be short, and the aim should bebeauty, the tone melancholy. Poems should not beof moralizing. He calls for pure poetry and stressesrhythm.III.Style – traditional, but not easy to read Reputation: “the jingle man” (Emerson)I. F. Scott Fitzgerald1.life – participant in 1920s2.works(1)This Side of Paradise(2)Flappers and Philosophers(3)The Beautiful and the Damned(4)The Great Gatsby(5)Tender is the Night(6)All the Sad Young Man(7)(8)The Last Tycoon3.point of view(1)He expressed what the young peoplebelieved in the 1920s, the so-called“American Dream” is false in nature.(2)He had always been critical of the rich andtried to show the integrating effects ofmoney on the emotional make-up of hischaracter. He found that wealth alteredpeople’s characters, making them mean anddistrusted. He thinks money brought onlytragedy and remorse.(3)His novels follow a pattern: dream – lack ofattraction – failure and despair.4.His ideas of “American Dream”It is false to most young people. Only those whowere dishonest could become rich.5.StyleFitzgerald was one of the great stylists in Americanliterature. His prose is smooth, sensitive, andcompletely original in its diction and metaphors. Itssimplicity and gracefulness, its skill inmanipulating the relation between the general andthe specific reveal his consummate artistry.6.The Great GatsbyNarrative point of view – NickHe is related to everyone in the novel and is calmand detected observer who is never quick to makejudgements.Selected omniscient point of viewII.Ernest Hemingway1.life2.point of view (influenced by experience in war)(1)He felt that WWI had broken America’sculture and traditions, and separated from itsroots. He wrote about men and women whowere isolated from tradition, frightened,sometimes ridiculous, trying to find theirown way.(2)He condemned war as purposeless slaughter,but the attitude changed when he took partin Spanish Civil War when he found thatfascism was a cause worth fighting for.(3)He wrote about courage and cowardice inbattlefield. He defined courage as “aninstinctive movement towards or away fromthe centre of violence with self-preservationand self-respect, the mixed motive”. He alsotalked about the courage with which to facetragedies of life that can never be remedied.(4)Hemingway is essentially a negative writer.It is very difficult for him to say “yes”. Heholds a black, naturalistic view of the worldand sees it as “all a nothing” and “all nada”.3.works(1)In Our Time(2)Men Without Women(3)Winner Take Nothing(4)The Torrents of Spring(5)The Sun Also Rises(6) A Farewell to Arms(7)Death in the Afternoon(8)To Have and Have Not(9)Green Hills of Africa(10)The Fifth Column(11)For Whom the Bell Tolls(12)Across the River and into the Trees(13)The Old Man and the Sea4.themes –“grace under pressure”(1)war and influence of war on people, withscenes connected with hunting, bull fightingwhich demand stamina and courage, andwith the question “how to live with pain”,“how human being live gracefully underpressure”.(2)“code hero”The Hemingway hero is an average man ofdecidedly masculine tastes, sensitive andintelligent, a man of action, and one of fewwords. That is an individualist keepingemotions under control, stoic andself-disciplined in a dreadful place. Thesepeople are usually spiritual strong, people ofcertain skills, and most of them encounterdeath many times.5.style(1)simple and natural(2)direct, clear and fresh(3)lean and economical(4)simple, conversational, common found,fundamental words(5)simple sentences(6)Iceberg principle: understatement, impliedthings(7)SymbolismI.Mark Twain – Mississippi1.life2.works(1)The Gilded Age(2)“the two advantages”(3)Life on the Mississippi(4) A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’sCourt(5)The Man That Corrupted Hardleybug3.style(1)colloquial language, vernacular language,dialects(2)local colour(3)syntactic feature: sentences are simple, brief,sometimes ungrammatical(4)humour(5)tall tales (highly exaggerated)(6)social criticism (satire on the different uglythings in society)I.Emily Dickenson1.life2.works(1)My Life Closed Twice before Its Close(2)Because I Can’t Stop for Death(3)I Heard a Fly Buzz – When I died(4)Mine – by the Right of the White Election(5)Wild Nights – Wild Nights3.themes: based on her ownexperiences/joys/sorrows(1)religion –doubt and belief about religioussubjects(2)death and immortality(3)love –suffering and frustration caused bylove(4)physical aspect of desire(5)nature – kind and cruel(6)free will and human responsibility4.style(1)poems without titles(2)severe economy of expression(3)directness, brevity(4)musical device to create cadence (rhythm)(5)capital letters – emphasis(6)short poems, mainly two stanzasrhetoric techniques: personification –make some of abstract ideas vivid。

高一英语诗人名称单选题40题1.Who is the author of “Paradise Lost”?A.William ShakespeareB.Geoffrey ChaucerC.John MiltonD.Alexander Pope答案：C。

约翰·弥尔顿是《 失乐园》的作者。

威廉·莎士比亚的代表作有《 哈姆雷特》等；杰弗里·乔叟的代表作是《 坎特伯雷故事集》；亚历山大·蒲柏的代表作有 夺发记》等。

2.Which poet wrote “The Canterbury Tales”?A.William WordsworthB.Geoffrey ChaucerC.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD.Percy Bysshe Shelley答案：B。

杰弗里·乔叟写了《坎特伯雷故事集》。

威廉·华兹华斯的代表作有《 抒情歌谣集》等；塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治的代表作有《 古舟子咏》等；珀西·比希·雪莱的代表作有 西风颂》等。

3.“Ode to a Nightingale” was written by which poet?A.John KeatsB.Lord ByronC.Robert BurnsD.William Blake答案：A。

夜莺颂》是约翰·济慈的作品。

拜伦勋爵的代表作有 唐璜》等；罗伯特·彭斯的代表作有 友谊地久天长》等；威廉·布莱克的代表作有 天真与经验之歌》等。

4.Who is the author of “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”?A.William WordsworthB.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeC.Percy Bysshe ShelleyD.John Keats答案：A。

我孤独地漫游，像一朵云》是威廉·华兹华斯的作品。