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2019-2020年高中英语必修3Unit3Theputer语法一、经过前几个单元的学习，到这个单元为止，时态已经学完。
按照要求，学生需要掌握下列几个重要时态。
1、一般现在时。
1》概念其基本意义在于表示发生在包括讲话时间在内的动作或状态。
2》理解：本时态主要关注动作的经常性，强调动作表现的事实，或者是真理，而且和现在有关。
〈1〉表示客观真理，科学事实，格言，及其它各种不受时间限制的客观存在状况。
如：Light travels faster than soundAction speaks louder than words<2> 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。
如；Our art teacher practises painting twice a day.Tom often regularly drop in on the professor.<3> 表示现在的特征或状态。
如：He is always ready to help others.Tom seldom rises at six.<4> 有when/ while/ until/ before/ as soon as/if /even if等引导的时间，条件，或让步壮语从句中，常用一般现在时。
如：when we get there,we'll call you.No one can go through with the task on time if it rains.I'll not attend her birthday party even if I am invited.<5> 在新闻标题，小说，戏剧，电影，图片等说明中，也经常用一般现在时。
如：The Delegation of China gets a warm wele in Russia.The story is about a family---.The husband es home from his office and tells the wife that he has invited a friend to dinner.3》标志：often/always/usually/seldom./never..对上述壮语提问时，常用how often...? 肯定句中，动词用第三人称单数形式。
河北省康保一中英语组高一年级集体备课教案主备课人: 殷桂雁参加人：王培珍杨静慧安秀云马艳丽郝康李纬周燕娜备课时间：2010年11 月17日知识目标：Topic：Information technology ; history and basic knowledge of computers; robotsNew words: calculate universal, simplify, sum, operator, logical, logically, technology revolution artificial intelligence intelligent solve reality personal personally tube total totally network web application finance mobile rocket explore anyhow goal happiness download virus signal type coach arise electronic appearance character mop nicePhrases; from…on as a result so...that human race in a way with the help of deal with watch overSentence patterns ;1 making decisionsI think /I don’t think that…I believe that…I’ve decided that…Let’s decide…let’s make a decision2 ReasoningThe advantage/disadvantage is …I agree/don’t agree…because…Give me your reasons:First……second.What makes you think so?As/since……,I think……Grammar :现在完成时态被动语态的建构和用法Over time I have been changed quite a lot.First as a PC and then as a laptop , I have been used in offices and hones since the 1970sSince the 1970s many new applications have been found for meI have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations能力目标：让学生学习用英语表达自己的观点并进行简单的理由阐述及做出决定，并能按时间先后顺序来描述某事。
【关键字】巩固《Unit 3 Computers》（现在完成时的主动语态）一、The Present Perfect Passive Voice(现在完成时的主动语态)例子：主动：I have finished my homework.主动：My homework has been finished.1. Mary has locked the door. ___________________________2. She has told me about the story. _______________________3. I have read this book many times. _____________________4. We have completed all the preparations for the task, and we’re ready to start.___________________________________________________5. This company has produced new types of computers___________________________________________________6. They have interviewed several teachers for the job.___________________________________________________7. George has sent some texts and pictures to his friend’s cell phone.___________________________________________________8. They have developed some programs for the human resource department of their company ___________________________________________________9. Someone has put the book under the bench for more than two days.___________________________________________________10. The typhoon has damaged the bridges because of its strong wind.___________________________________________________二、单选1. Do you know the thief ______ by the police?A. has caughtB. has been catchingC. will catchD. has been caught2.－How many times______ not to play with fire?－I’m sorry. I’ll never do that again.A. do you tellB. had you toldC. are you toldD. have you been told3. --What’s happening in the new area?--New houses_______ recently over there.A. are builtB. builtC. have builtD. have been built4. There is a police car in front of our neighbor’s house. What do you suppose _______?A. did happenB. has happenedC. is happenD. has been happened5. All the preparations for the project _______, and we’re ready to startA. completedB. had been completedC. completeD. have been completed6. Great changes ________ in the city , and a lot of factories ________.A. have been taken place; have been set upB. have taken place; have been set upC. have taken place; have set upD. were taken place; were set up7. --How long _____ at this job? -- Since 1990.A. were you employedB. have you been employedC. had you been employedD. will you be employed8. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ___________yet.A. are not decidedB. have not been decidedC. is not being decidedD. has not been decided9. This is a photo of the power station that __________ in my hometown .A. has set upB. has been set upC. will set upD. is set up10. --Did you move into the new house?-- No. The rooms ___________ yet.A. were being paintedB. are paintingC. have not paintedD. have not been painted三、句子翻译(用主动语态)1. 我们已经被告知运动将会被推迟。
Section Ⅲ Grammar—现在完成时的被动语态语法图解探究发现①Over time I have been changed quite a lot.②Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.③The important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks.④The ink has not been removed from the clothes.⑤Haven't your problem been solved?⑥How many buildings have been built in your school?[我的发现](1)以上例句中都使用了现在完成时的被动语态。
(2)以上例句中第①②③句是该时态的肯定句式；第④句是否定句式；第⑤句是一般疑问句式；第⑥句是特殊疑问句式。
一、结构Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.(2017·北京高考)今年美国已经报告了115例麻疹病例，而去年全年共189例。
The construction of the bridge has not been finished.桥的建设还没有完成。
Has the date for the next meeting been decided?下次会议的日期已决定了吗？How long has the battery not been changed?电池多久没有更换了？[即时演练1](1)变换句子The children have already been told the good news.①将上面的句子变为否定句。
The_children_haven't_been_told_the_good_news_yet.②将原句变为一般疑问句。
Have_the_children_been_told_the_good_news_yet?③对原句中的the children进行提问。
Who_has_been_told_the_good_news_yet?(2)补全句子①I'm sorry, but the letters haven't_been_typed yet.很抱歉，但是这些信件还没有被打印出来。
②The plan has_been_discussed for nearly two hours.这项计划已被讨论了近两个小时了。
③She hasn't_been_heard_from since then.从那时候起，她就没来过信。
二、用法1．现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already, yet, just, never, recently等副词连用。
The machine has already been repaired.机器已经修好了。
2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for 或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long ...？”句型中。
Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours.公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。
How long has this film been shown?这部电影已放映多长时间了？3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
You shouldn't leave school before your homework has been finished.在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。
[名师点津] 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语：already 已经yet 已经recently/lately 最近since then 从那时起ever since 自那以来ever 曾经so far 迄今为止for a long time 很长一段时间by now 到现在为止in recent years 在最近几年里in/during/over the past/last years 在过去的几年里[即时演练2](1)用现在完成时的被动语态改写句子①Jack's boss has always praised him for his devotion to work.→Jack has_always_been_praised by his boss for his devotion to work.②They have found a good place to build a temple in the village.→A good place has_been_found to build a temple in the village.③We haven't yet decided how to solve that difficult technological problem.→How to solve that difficult technological problem hasn't_been_decided yet.(2)补全句子①I will go home wh en my homework has been finished.当我的家庭作业完成时我就回家。
②Paper money has_been_used_for_over_one_thousand_years.纸币已被使用了1 000多年了。
三、注意事项1．只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
His boss has already punished him.→He has already been punished (by his boss)．2．带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。
The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently.→He has been given a chance to work abroad recently (by the company)．→A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently (by the company)．[即时演练3] 将下面句子变为被动语态①I have asked her to help you.→She_has_been_asked_to_help_you.②We have planted many trees on the hill in the last 5 years.→Many_trees_have__been_planted__on_the_hill_in_the_last_5_years.③He has sent me an email.→I_have_been_sent_an_email.→An_email_has_been_sent_to_me.Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1．More than 100 famous films have_been_shown (show) in the city since July.2．Since your work has_been_finished (finish), you can have a rest now.3．How many cars have_been_made (make) in the factory since 1990?4．Three new schools have_been_opened (open) in our city in the past five years.5．It's the first time that the old computer has_been_checked (check) since I bought it.6．Great changes have_taken (take) place in my hometown and you can see that a lot of factories have_been_set (set) up.7．—We want to sit at the table near the window.—I'm sorry, but it has_been_taken (take) already.8．It's said that the bridge has_been_closed (close) for repairs for months.Ⅱ.单句写作1．The_boys_have_been_told_many_times (男孩们已经被多次告知) not to swim in that lake, but it doesn't make any difference.2．We are glad to be told that Li Tao has_been_admitted_to_Fudan_University (已经被复旦大学录取) for his top score in the Maths Contest.3．With the help of high technology, more and more new substances (物质) have_been_discovered (已经被发现) in the past years.4．When and where to go for the onsalary holiday has_not_been_decided (没有确定) yet.5．Though we don't know what was discussed, yet we can feel the topic has_been_changed (改变了)．6．People's health has_been_greatly_affected (受到了很大的影响) by air, noise and water.Ⅲ.语段填空(用所给词的正确时态、语态填空)Li Ming：Hi, Lin Tao. How nice to see you on the first day of the new term!Lin Tao：Yes. Nice to see you again.Li Ming：I know that your parents 1.have_been_working (work) in that city for about a year. Can you tell me something there after the earthquake?Lin Tao：Of course. Since the earthquake 2.happened (happen), many soldiers3.have_been_sent (send) there, and many kinds of supplies (物资供应)4.have_been_carried (carry) there from all over the country. Now, most people there5.live/are_living (live) a happy life again.Li Ming：How about the schools there?Lin Tao：Several new schools 6.have_been_set_up (set up) and also some schools which 7.were_damaged (damage) in the earthquake 8.have_been_rebuilt (rebuild). So all the students can go back to school to study now.Li Ming：That's wonderful. I'm sure their life will be better and better. When will your parents come back?Lin Tao：They will be back next month.。
