difference between no and not

difference的用法归纳总结咱来说说 difference 这个词，它在英语里可太常见啦！先从词性说起，difference 可以是名词。

当它作名词时，常见的意思有“差别；差异；不同之处”。

比如说，“There is a big difference between these two books（这两本书有很大的不同。

）”这里的 difference 就很清晰地表示了两本书之间存在的差异。

咱们再来说说它的常见搭配。

“make a difference”这个短语就很常用，意思是“有影响；起作用”。

我记得我之前教过的一个学生，英语成绩一直不太好，后来他每天坚持背单词、读课文，经过一段时间的努力，成绩真的有了很大的提升。

这就说明了每天的坚持学习 make a difference 啦！“the difference betweenand”表示“……和……之间的差别”。

比如“The difference between a dog and a cat is quite obvious（狗和猫之间的差别相当明显。

）”这是不是很好理解呀？还有“tell the difference （between A and B)”，意思是“区分（A 和B）；辨别（A 和 B）”。

我有次和朋友去果园摘水果，一堆苹果里混着几个梨，一开始还真不好分辨，仔细观察了形状、颜色还有表皮的纹理之后，才终于能 tell the difference 啦。

difference 还经常用在一些句型里。

像“It makes no difference to sb ＋从句”，表示“对某人来说……没有差别”。

比如说“It makes no difference to me whether you come or not（你来不来对我来说没什么差别。

）”在使用 difference 的时候，要注意单复数的问题哦。

如果指的是一个具体的差别，那通常用单数；如果是多个差别，那就用复数啦。

41. The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately,a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation. [参考译⽂]很不幸，这最令⼈震惊的解释有⼀点缺陷。

⼀些经济学家认为世界经济结构的强有⼒的变化已经结束了那个以经济增长和通货膨胀的历史关联为基础的旧的经济模式。

42. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprivedEgypt of the fertile silt that floods left-all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.[参考译⽂]例如，阿斯旺⼤坝使得尼罗河不再洪⽔泛滥，但是它也夺去了埃及以前所享有的洪⽔留下的肥沃淤泥--这些换宋的就是这么个疾病滋⽣的⽔库，现在这个⽔库积满了淤泥，⼏乎不能发电了。

43. New ways of organizing the workplace--all that re-engineering anddownsizing--are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training,[参考译⽂]企业重组的新⽅法--所有那些重新设计、缩⼩规模的做法--只是对⼀个经济的整体⽣产⼒做出了⼀⽅⾯的贡献。

差别的英文怎么读把人工制品与天然品一比，其差别是很明显的。

下面店铺为大家带来差别的英语读法和相关用法，欢迎大家一起学习!差别的英语读音difference英 [ˈdɪfrəns]美 [ˈdɪfərəns, ˈdɪfrəns]差别的相关英语例句1. The only difference between us is the colour of our skins.我们之间唯一的差别就是肤色。

2. The child'll start out by making relatively few distinctions in the language.孩子开始时不太能辨别语言中的差别。

3. The new media are unlikely to prove qualitatively different from the old.新媒体不可能与旧媒体有质的差别。

4. The differentiation between the two product ranges will increase.这两个产品系列之间的差别将会加大。

5. The levels of tolerable pain vary greatly from individual to individual.对疼痛的耐受程度因人而异，差别很大。

6. If it's all the same to you, I'd rather work at home.如果对你来说没什么差别，我宁愿在家中工作。

7. The next day, rain or no rain, it was business as usual.第二天是否下雨都没有差别，一切照常进行。

8. He displayed a sublime indifference to the distinction between right and wrong.他对是非之间的差别根本就无动于衷。

词汇学考试精简笔记-Charter1-4Introduction0.1 The Nature and Domain of English LexicologyThe definition of Lexicology: (P1)Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words (WNWD), the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages. 0.2 The Relation to Other DisciplinesThe definition of Morphology: (P1)Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through the use of morpheme construct.The definition of Etymology: (P2)Etymology is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.The definition of Semantics: (P2)Semantics is the study of meanings of different linguistic levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.The definition of Stylistics: (P2)Stylistics is the study of style.The definition of Lexicography: (P2)Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form, meaning, origins and usages of words.The difference of Lexicography and Lexicology: (P2)A lexicographer’s task is to record the language as it is used so as to present the genuine picture of words to the reader, providing authoritative reference, whereas the student of lexicology is to acquire the knowledge and information of lexis so as to increase their lexical awareness and capacity of language use.Chapter 1Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary1.1 What is a WordIn visual terms, a word can be defined as a meaningful group; according to semanticists, a word is a unit of meaning. (P6) 选择、填空The definition of Word: (P7) 名词解释A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.A word comprises the following points:1. A minimal free form of a language;2. A sound unity;3. A unit of meaning;4. A form that can function alone in a sentence.1.2 Sound and MeaningThe connection of Sound and Meaning两者之间的关系: (P7) 选择、填空The symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary, and there is no logical relationship, the relationship is conventional.Woman, for example, becomes ‘Frau’ in German, ‘Fremme’ in French and ‘Funu’ in Chinese.：体现了sound，meaning的关系1.3 Sound and FormThe reasons caused the difference between Sound and Form: 读⾳和拼写不⼀致的原因(P8-9 具体例⼦看书本) 简答题1. The internal reason for this is that the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans, which does nothave a separate letter to represent each sound in the language so that some letters must do double duty or work together in combination.2. Another reason is that the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years, and insome cases the two have drawn far apart.3. A third reason is that some of the differences were created by the early scribes.4. Finally comes the borrowing, which do not conform to the rules of English pronunciation and spelling.*Printing印刷术was established in the late 1500.Sound and form is imperfect: (P10)The written form of English is, therefore, an imperfect representation of the spoken form.1.5 Classification of Words*Three classifications of words: (P11) 选择、填空Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency, into content words and functional words by notion, and into native words and borrowed words by origin.1.5.1 Basic Word Stock and Nonbasic VocabularyThe difference between BW and NBW: (P11)BW is in use in a high frequency; and NBW is not.The features of Basic Word (P11-12) 简答题●All national character 全民通⽤性●Stability 相对稳定性●Productivity 多产性●Polysemy ⼀词多义●Collocability 搭配性Therefore, ‘all national character’is the most important of all features that may differentiate words of common use from all others.The definition of Productivity: (P12)They can each be used alone, and at the same time can form new words with other roots and affixes.The definition of Polysemy: (P12)Words belonging to the basic word stock often possess more than one meaning because most of them have undergone semantic changes in the course of use and become polysemous.The definition of Collocability: (P12)Many words of the basic word stock enter quite a number of set expressions, idiomatic usages, proverbial sayings and the like.The types of Nonbasic word vocabulary (P13-15) 简答题●Terminology 专业术语●Jargon ⾏话●Slang 俚语●Argot ⿊话●Dialectal words ⽅⾔●Archaisms 古词语●Neologisms 新词语The definition of Terminology: (P13)It consists of technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas as in medicine.●例⼦有：mathematics, music, education.The definition of Jargon: (P13)It refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate among themselves such as in business.●例⼦有：bottom line, bargaining chipsThe definition of Slang: (P14)Slang belongs to the sub-standard language亚标准语⾔, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words.Slang is created by changing or extending the meaning of existing words.The definition of Argot ⿊话: (P15)Argot generally refers to the jargon of criminals.The definition of Dialectal words: (P15)Dialectal words are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question.The definition of Archaisms: (P15)Archaisms are words or forms that were once in common use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use.The definition of Neologisms: (P15)Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on new meanings.1.5.2 Content Words and Functional WordsThe difference between Content words and Functional words: (P16) 简答题●Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as notional words.●Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called empty words. As theirchief function is to express the relation between notions, the relation between words as well as between sentences, they are known as form words.1.5.3 Native Words and Borrowed WordsThe definition of Native Words: (P17)Native words are words brought to Britain in the fifth century by the German tribes (⽇⽿曼部落).The 2 features of Native Words: (P17)1. Neutral in style (French or Latin are literary and in formal style) ⽂体中⽴，即任何场所可⽤2. Frequent in use使⽤频繁The definition of Borrowed Words: (P18)Words taken over from foreign languages are known as borrowed words or loan words or borrowing in simple terms. 三个⿊体字同义Four classes of Borrowed Words: (P19)1. Denizens 同化词Denizens are words borrowed early in the past and now well assimilated into the English language.2. Aliens ⾮同化词Aliens are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling.3. Translation-loans 译借词、外来词Translation-loans are words and expressions formed from the existing material in the English language but modeled on the patterns taken from another language.4. Semantic-loans借义词Words of this category are not borrowed with reference to the form.Chapter 2The Development of the English vocabulary2.1 The Indo-European Language FamilyThe Indo-European Language has approximately 3000languages and group into roughly 300language families on the basis of Basic Word and Grammar. It is made up of most of language of Europe, the Near East, and India.印欧三⼤语系(P23) Germanic family = Scandinavian languages斯堪的纳维亚语的;北北欧⽇⽿曼语系(P24)The Germanic family consists of the four Northern European languages: Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages.In western set, Greek is the modern language derived from Hellenic(希腊语的). (P24)2.2.1 Old English (450 – 1150) (P25)The Germanic tribes are the earliest.The introduction of Christianity had a great impact on the English vocabulary. It brought many new ideas and customs and also many religious terms such as abbot, candle, alter, amen, apostle.The common practice was to create new words by combining two native words, e.g. handbook. (P26)Old English is a highly inflected language.Skirt, skill, window, leg, grasp, birth, they, their, them, egg, these words are from Scandinavian origin.2.2.2 Middle English (1150 – 1500) (P26)Norman Conquest started a continual flow of French words into English. 诺曼⼤帝带来了⼤量的法语词。

The difference between and 作文The Differences Between College and High SchoolTo me, high school life is unforgettable, but the college life is wonderful. When I fled from the high school and stepped into college campus, my first feeling is, "I am free". However, comparing to the high school, college life is really quite different, and it doesn't like what I imagined. College students are still facing many challenges and problems. The major differences between the two education stages are as follows, a. In high school, students has to study hard under the pressure from the school and family, because the reality is so strict that for the future college entrance exams they either to be washed out or lucky to be enrolled. College students are always no need to worry about this and they can feel free for their classes.b. College life is more colorful which in high school often can not be seen. College students have more options for their life, except study, they can have a party at weekend, plan a travel during holidays, go for sports as they like and develop their part time interestingly, etc.c. Certainly college students are facing the big pressure as well. College life is the first step for young people to enter the society and they have to find where the door is. They have much more and special classes to study to make sure they will find a good job to serve the society. They have to prepare themself fully all the time and accept any colleges may arise before them.In general, I like my high school life and at the same time I enjoy my college life, although they are different.。

Unit 2 单元过关检测（100分）Ⅰ. 选择填空（10分）（）1. I half an hour reading English in the morning. And it helps me a lot.A. costB. spendC. takeD. pay（）2. ---We get knowledge ______ from books ______ from life.---Yes, both are important.A. either, orB. neither, norC. not, butD. not only, but also（）3. Let’s planting the trees until tomorrow. I think it’s going to rain.A. put onB. put offC. put upD. put down（）4. ---Would you help me ______, Mr. Lin? This question is too hard for me.---OK. Let me try.A. afterB. outC. upD. with（）5. ---Could you do for me, please?---Yes, with pleasure.A. somethingB. anythingC. nothingD. everything（）6.Your cartoon books are very interesting. Where did you buy ? I want to buy , too.A. one, oneB. them, itC. them, someD. one, ones（）7.---Jim takes ______ his father.---You mean he is similar ______ his father?A. for, asB. to, withC. after, toD. away, from（）8. ---What was Jimmy going to do?---He was going to put some signs old books.A. up, asking forB. on, to ask toC. up, asking toD. down, asking for（）9. ---Let’s help to clean the city park on Sunday.--- !A. It’s dirtyB. Well downC. Thank youD. Good idea（）10. My computer has broken down. I’ll ________ now.A. mix itB. mix up itC. repair it upD. repair itⅡ. 完形填空（10分）Wearing a pair of perfect jeans makes people look cool. Jeans are the most popular kind of11 in the world. They are popular almost 12 , in Japan, France, Indonesia, Canadaand Brazil. Rich people and poor people wear them. Young people and even some old peoplewear them. Why are they popular? Who made the 13 jeans?In 1849, two men found gold in California. Men from the other parts of the United States and other countries hurried there to 14 gold, too. These workers needed some 15clothes. A young man 16 Germany named Levi Strauss arrived in California in 1850.He went there to 17 things to the workers. He saw that the workers needed strongpants, so he began to make pants. He used cloth that people 18 tents from. He putrivets (铆钉) on the 19 to make them strong, because the men put rocks in them. Thesepants were very strong and people could wear them for a long time. The pants became very20 soon.（）11. A. sports B. food C. clothes D. music（）12. A. everywhere B. anywhere C. somewhere D. nowhere（）13. A. only B. early C. first D. last（）14. A. look at B. look after C. look out D. look for（）15. A. soft B. strong C. dear D. hard（）16. A. from B. to C. in D. past（）17. A. buy B. sell C. give D. show（）18. A. put B. kept C. borrowed D. made（）19. A. pants B. pockets C. tents D. jeans（）20. A. pretty B. old C. popular D. modernⅢ. 阅读理解（30分）（A）In most parts of the world, many students help their schools make less pollution. They join “environment club”. In an environment club, people work together to make our environment clean.Here are some things students often do.No – garbage(垃圾) lunches. How much do you throw away（扔）after lunch? Environment clubs ask students to bring their lunches in bags that can be used again. Every week they will choose the classes that make the least garbage and report them to the whole school.No – car day. On a no- car day, nobody comes to school in a car- not the students and not the teachers. cars give pollution to our air, so remember: walk, jump, bike, or run! Use your legs! Itof fun!Turn off the water! Did you know that toilets（抽水马桶）can waste twenty to forty tons（吨）of water an hour? In a year, that would fill a small river! In the environment clubs, students fix those broken toilets.e it clean.We love our environment. Let’s work together to mak（）21. Environment clubs ask students________A. to run to school every day.B. to take exercise every day.C. not to forget to take carsD. not to throw away lunch bags（）22. From the passage we know the students usually have lunch__________.A. at schoolB. in shopsC. in clubsD. at home（）23. On a no– car day, ______ will take a car to school.A. both students and teachersB. only studentsC. only teachersD. neither(两者都不) students nor teachers（）24. After students fix toilets, they save______A. a small riverB. a clubC. a lot of waterD. a toilet（）25. The writer wrote the passage to ask students to _________A. clean schoolB. make less pollutionC. join clubsD. help teachers（B）Tom was nine years old and he went to a school near his house. He went there on foot and came backoday,home usually at 4 o’clock. But last Monday he was very late. His mother asked, “Why are you so Tom?”“Because my teacher asked me to stay behind ” Tom answered. “Why did the teacher make you behind?” the mother asked again. “Because no one could answer the teacher’s question except me, said. “What was the question?”　his mother asked.“The question was ‘Who broke the window of the classroom?’” Tom said.（）26. The school was _____________ Tom’s house.A. far fromB. nearC. nine meters toD. behind（）27. Tom went to school _________________.A. on footB. by busC. by bikeD. by car（）28. Last Monday Tom came home __________________.A. earlierB. hungryC. lateD. happy（）29. ---Why did Tom stay behind after school?---Because_________________.A. he did something wrongB. he did something rightC. he liked to stay there longerD. his mother asked the teacher to do so（）30. His mother might be very ___________when she heard about that.A. hungryB. pleasedC. happyD. angry（C）When we talk about intelligence (智力), we do not mean the ability to get good scores on certain kindof tests or even the ability to do well in school. By intelligence we mean a way of living and behaving,especially in a new situation.If we want to test intelligence, we need to find out how a person acts instead of how much he knowswhat to do. For example, when in a new situation, an intelligent person thinks about the situation, not abouthimself or what might happen to him. He tries to find out all he can, and then he acts immediately and triesto do something about it. He probably isn’t sure how it will all work out, but at least he tries. And if hecannot make things work out right, he doesn’t feel ashamed that he failed, he just tries to learn from his mistakes.An intelligent person, even if he is very young, has a special outlook on life, a special feeling aboutlife, and how he fits into it.children and If you look at children, you’ll see great difference between what we call “bright”　“non-bright” children. They are actually two different kinds of people, not just the same kind with differentamount of intelligence. For example, the bright child really wants to find out about life – he tries to get intouch with everything around him. But the unintelligent child keeps more to himself and his own dreamworld: he seems to have a wall between him and life in general.（）31. According to this passage, intelligence is the ability to _________.A. do well in schoolB. get some high scores on some testsC. deal with lifeD. have a lot of book knowledge（）32. In a new situation, an intelligent person _________.A. cares more about himselfB. is sure of the result he will getC. knows more about what might happen to himD. keeps his mind on what to do about the situation（）33. If an intelligent person failed, he would _________.A. try to feel ashamedB. learn from his mistakesC. try to find all he could doD. make sure if he got the right result（）34. The underlined word “outlook” in this passage means _________.A. solutionB. partC. talentD. opinion（）35. Bright children and non-bright children _________.A. are two different types of childrenB. are different mainly in their degree of clevernessC. have difference only in their way of thinkingD. have different knowledge about the world around himselfⅣ. 词汇（10分）（A）根据句意和汉语提示完成单词，使句子完整通顺。

Beat generation 垮掉的一代Tea-ceremony 茶道Badger game 美人计Scene stealer 抢镜头的人Hooligan 阿飞，足球流氓Repeated offender 惯犯Double agent 双重间谍Mr. Big 黑社会老大Love child 私生子Hand-to-hand fighting 肉搏Box news 花边新闻Screen agers 整天看电视玩电脑的孩子June-December wedding 双方年龄悬殊的婚姻King’s English 标准英语Leap day/year 闰日2.29/年366Maid of Orleans 圣女贞德Narrow squeak(口)九死一生的脱险Ninja turtle 忍者神龟Poet laureate 桂冠诗人Ponytail 马尾辫Protestant 新教徒Pulitzer Prize 普利策奖Rat race 激烈的竞争Red-light district 红灯区Reader’s Digest 读者文摘Russian roulette 俄罗斯轮盘赌Sexual harassment 性骚扰Short fuse 易怒的脾气Soft-soap 奉承讨好Silent contribution 隐名捐款Silly money 来路不明的钱Silver screen 银幕，电影界Summer complaint 夏季病，拉肚子Tenth-rate 最低等的，劣等的Vertical/lateral thinking 纵向，横向思维Wide-body 大部头的作品Wheel of life (佛教)轮回Xenomania 媚外Yearbook 年鉴年刊Zen 禅Paparazzi 狗仔队Show people 娱乐界人士Exotic dance 脱衣舞Bearish 行情下跌的Bullish 行情上涨的State prisoner 政治犯Stowaway 偷渡者，逃票的乘客Plainclothesman 便衣警察Police dog 警犬Police post 派出所Negligent homicide 过失杀人Impostor 江湖骗子ICJ International Court of Justice 国际法院Espionage 间谍间谍活动Lifer 职业军人Mine 地雷水雷Panzer 装甲车坦克Off limits 军事禁区Q-boat 伪装成商船或渔船的武装船只Riot corps 防暴部队Standing army 常规军Sniper 狙击手Bermuda Triangle 百慕大三角洲Brain drain 脑力人才外流Brawn drain 劳力外流Break- dancing 霹雳舞French windows 落地窗Funeral home 殡仪馆Taillight 车尾灯Visiting team 客队Runner-up 亚军Black referee 黑哨Foul play 犯规动作Standing broad jump 立定跳远Underachiever 差等生Hothouse 对儿童进行学前教育Whiz kid 神童优等生Newsbreak 重要新闻Needle trade 成衣业Massage parlour 挂按摩牌子的妓院Moonlight 作动词，干第二职业Mixed marriage 异族通婚Moon roof 汽车的顶窗Egghead 对知识分子的蔑称Dog days 七八月份的酷暑期，伏天Connoisseur 鉴赏家Box office 票房Bridesmaid 女傧相Bee (美)为互助友好而举行的聚会Bigtime 红极一时的，赫赫有名的Bank of issue 发行银行Cater ∏ 美国总统克林顿(卡特二世。

初中英语词汇achievement n.完成，成就，成绩act v.行动，表演affect vt.影响，感动agreement n.协定，协议，同意aim n.目标，目的allow vt.允许，准许amazing a.令人吃惊的ambulance n.救护车，野战医院amount n.总数，数量，总和application n.请求，申请，施用aquarium n.水族馆Arctic a.北极的article n.文章，条款，物品ashamed adj. 羞愧的assume vt.假定，承担，呈现astronaut n.宇航员at least 至少，最低限度athletic a.运动的；竞技的average n.平均数 a.平均的battery n.电池battle n.战役，斗争vi.作战blame vt.责备，把…归咎于blind a.瞎的，盲目的bloodshed n. 流血事件bomb v.轰炸n. 炸弹bother v.打扰breathe v.呼吸bully n. / v.欺负cage n.笼，鸟笼，囚笼calculation n.计算camera n.照相机，摄影机cancel v.取消cancer n.癌，癌症captive / caged adj.俘虏的，捕获的captivity n. 囚禁，被关cause n.原因，理由celebration n.庆祝，祝贺chain n.链，链条，项圈challenge n.挑战cheer v.欢呼chest n.胸腔，胸膛，箱子claim v. 认领close adj.亲密的comfortable a.舒适的，安慰的command vt.命令，指挥，控制common a.普通的，共同的community n.社区compare vt.比较，对照complain v.抱怨，投诉complaint n.抱怨，控告complete v. 完成adj.完整的connect vt.连接，联系continue vt.继续control vt.控制，克制n.控制counter n.柜台，计数器countless a.无数的courage n.勇气，胆量course n. 课程crash vi.碰撞，坠落n.碰撞creature n.生物，创造物crossing n. 十字路口cube-shaped adj. 立方体形状的culture n. 文化dairy n.牛奶场，乳制品dangerous a.危险的dare vt.aux.v.敢，竟敢deaf a.聋的degree n.程度，度，学位diet n.饮食，食物direction n.方向，指导directly ad.直接地，立即disappoint v.使……失望disastrous a.灾难性的，悲惨的discover vt.发现，暴露，显示discuss vt.讨论disorder n.混乱，骚乱distance n.距离，远处distract v. 分散注意力documentary a.有文件的；有证件的double a.两倍的，双的earth-orbiting adj. 围绕地球轨道的effect n.效果，效力elbow n.肘，肘部emotionally ad. 在情绪上encourage vt.鼓励，支持，助长energy n.活力，精力，能量enhance vt.提高，增加，夸张exactly adv.确切地exit n.出口，退场vi.退出expect vt.预料，预期，等待experience v. 经历n.经历；经验experienced adj.经验丰富的experiment n.实验，试验expert n. 专家explanation n.解释，说明，辩解exploration n.探索explorer n.探测者expression n.词句，表达，表情extremely ad.极其，非常fake n.假货，膺品a.假的fireworks n.[pl.]爆竹，烟花flutter v. 扑腾follow vt.跟随，结果是free v.释放freedom n.自由fridge n.电冰箱friendship n.友谊，友好gadget n.小器具，小配件get-together n.(使)聚集；(使)集合giant n.巨人，巨物government n.政府gradually ad.逐渐地，逐步地grain n.谷物，谷粒，颗粒hand v.递给handout n.分发head n. 首领，头目headphone n. 耳机height n高度high-fat adj.高脂肪的highway n.高速公路honesty n.诚实honor v.纪念n. 荣耀；荣誉human-powered adj. 人力的ice-covered adj. 冰封的；冰覆盖的improve vi.改善，提高include vt.包括，包含inexpensive a.廉价的injury n.损害，伤害，受伤处instruction n.命令，教学，教训intellectual n.知识分子a.智力的international a.国际的interview n.接见，会见，面谈introverted adj. (性格)内向的invite v. = attract吸引item n. 提干，条款journey n.旅行，旅程judge v.判断laptop n. 手提式个人电脑latest a. 最近的leading adj.最主要的，第一的lens n. 镜头light v.点燃location n.位置，场所lower v.低下major a.主要的，多数的n.专业manage vt.管理，控制manager n.经理marry vt.娶，嫁vi.结婚measure vt.量，测量n.测量；措施middle-aged adj.中年的mockingbird n. 模仿鸟mop v.拖(地板)murder n.谋杀vt.谋杀native a.本土的，本国的n.本地人naturally ad.自然地；天然地nervous a.紧张的，易激动的nervousness n. 神经过敏；紧张nomads n. 游牧部落nut n. 坚果nutritious a.有营养的obstacle n.障碍operation n.操作；经营；手术orbit n.运行轨道vt.环绕organize v. 组织ornithologist n. 鸟类学者outgoing adj. 友善的，即将离去的overacted adj. 行为夸张的partnership n合作.patient a.耐心的n.病人peacefully ad. 和平地，和谐地peanut n.花生perfect vt.改善a.完美的perform vt.执行；演出phone n.电话vt.打电话photography n.摄影，照相physically ad. 体格上，身体上picture v.描绘poison n.毒药vt.毒害；投毒pollute vt.污染powder n.粉末；火药power n.力量powerful a.强有力的practice v.练习，实践prefer v.更喜欢president n.总统，校长pressure v.向…施加压力n.压力. private a.私人的，秘密的produce vt.生产；产生producer n.生产者production n.产品；产量progress n.进展，进步prompt n. 提示protect vt.保护，保卫protein n.蛋白质prove vt.证明vi.结果是psychologist n.心理学家punish v. 惩罚purpose n.目的，意图radio v.用无线电发射rainforest n. 雨林rate n.比率；速度；价格vt.评价，估价raw a.生的；未加工的reference n. 证明人refuse v.拒绝regular a.规则的，常规的relatively ad.比较…地，相对地relaxation n.松驰；松懈relaxed a.放松的remove vt.移动；搬迁requirement n.需要，要求respond v.回应，反应result n.成果；结果vi.结果，导致reward n.报答；报酬vt.报答；酬金roasted a.烤好的rubber n.橡皮，橡胶a.橡胶的rush v. 冲，奔，闯safety n.安全，保险sandbox n. 沙箱，沙盒satellite n.卫星satisfy vt.满足，使满意scare v. 恐吓，使……害怕= fear, frightenscientific a.科学的screen n. 触屏seed n.种(子)，籽self-centereda. 自我中心的，自我本位的，利己主义的self-pitying adj.separation n.分离，分开shape n.形状vt.形成share vt.分享，共享n.份额，股份sickness n.疾病；恶心，呕吐感signal n.信号similar a.相似的，类似的sledge n. 雪橇special a.特殊的，专门的sponsor n.发起者，赞助人vt.发起，赞助start-up n. 启动，(刚刚起步的)小公司stomach n.胃；胃口；欲望strategy n. 策略stressful a.有压力的strict a.严格的，严谨的structure n.结构；建筑物vt.建造subway n.隧道；地铁suffer v.遭受…..痛苦suggest vt.建议；暗示，启发sunglasses n. 太阳眼镜system n.系统；制度talent n.天才，才能technology n.工艺，技术teenager n.青少年telegram n.电报temperature n.温度；体温tent n.帐篷theory n.理论，学说thumb n.大拇指traditional a.传统的treat vt.对待，处理n.款待tremble vi.发抖，哆嗦troop n.军队underground a.地下的；秘密的underlined adj. 划线於下的unexpected a.意外的universal a.宇宙的；普遍的unlit adj. 未点燃的unusual a.不平常的，独特的vacuum n.真空value n.价值，价格vt.评价vehicle n.车辆victory n.胜利，战胜videophone n. 电视电话webcams n. 网络摄像机well-being a. 安宁，福利wizardry n. 巫术worldwide adj.全世界turn into = change into 把……变成When it comes to …当提到……，当谈到……knock out出局make a wish许诺the finishing line终点线up and down上下地，到处，前前后后，来来往往come over走过去stay healthy保持健康no more than仅仅，只是have a lot to do with与…..有很大关系be home to 是……所在地，栖息地the rest of 其余的agree with同意come true实现learn from听说mental illness精神病little by little逐渐地over time 随着时间的流逝volunteer group志愿者小组from then on从那时开始sb’s face lit up. (使)变得容光焕发或振奋depend on依赖，依靠North Pole北极put up = set up, build up建立，设立，搭起belong to属于think highly of 高度赞扬in the form of 以……的形式first aid急救check for a pulse 号脉heart attack 心脏病fall into place 依序排列，依序出现ma ke one’s way through 穿过，走过take action 采取行动junk food垃圾食品bar codes 条形码let down使……失望slow down慢下来，停下脚步lottery ticket 彩票book the flight 订机票rush through 快速通过，赶紧做advanced degree高学历come up with提出、想出(看法、观点)短语、词组归纳由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。

The First McDonald's RestaurantEven though the first McDonald's restaurant sold only hamburgers and French fries, it still became a cultural symbol. Now, in the Southern California city of Downey, people are trying to save the first McDonald's restaurant in history.McDonald's, though, says the building should be torn down.Built in 1953, the restaurant in Downey, California, is the oldest of all the Golden Arches in America, and has the earliest McDonald's building design.Many people have good memories of that old McDonald's.These people are angry that the building is now in danger of being destroyed, along with their memories.McDonald's explains that the building was damaged in an earthquake, and therefore needs to be torn down. Many people in the town of Downey don't agree with this line of thinking, though.One woman says, "I think it's terrible. They are using the earthquake as an excuse. It's a big lie."Another Downey resident remarks, "I am so upset. They don't respect the public at all. They haven't even tried. They could do some small repairs and make it a good restaurantagain."McDonald's managers say the restaurant is losing money at that location. There is no room for a drive-thru window, or for seating inside.After the earthquake, they say it was impossible to fix.The managers want to build a copy of this building at another location instead.Building inspectors, on the other hand, say that the structure can be repaired, but that it will be expensive. Many people say that McDonald's can certainly afford to pay that amount.Some think that McDonald's real reason for wanting to close down the restaurant has nothing to do with money.Modern McDonald's restaurants often have a sign claiming that a man named Ray Kroc opened the first McDonald's restaurant in Illinois in 1955. The truth, however, is that Mr. Kroc actually learned the fast food business from Dick and Mac McDonald in ter, Mr. Kroc bought their restaurants.Thus, many people in Downey think McDonald's is trying to change history, though the company denies this.To local historians, this explanation makes total sense. One historian said, "We should not rewrite the past. Ray Kroc did not invent McDonald's. The McDonald brothers did."These days, a group of historians want the building tobe added to the National Register of Historic Places so that the city of Downey will be able to stop McDonald's from tearing the building down. The McDonald's managers are very angry, and have abandoned the structure.Everyone hopes that the McDonald's managers and the people of Downey will soon find peace. The building is still there, but boards cover the windows.Even so, people drive by to remember their McDonald's, taking pictures of a moment in history before it gets taken away.第一家麦当劳餐馆虽说第一家麦当劳餐馆只售汉堡包和薯条，它还是成为了一种文化象征。