西南大学2018年秋季[0085]《英语阅读二》(高)参考资料

2018考研英语（二）真题及参考答案（完整版）SectionⅠ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’ willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthycuriosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says. In other words, don’t read online comments.1.A.ignore B.protect C.discuss D.resolve2.A.refuse B.seek C.wait D.regret3.A.rise st C.hurt D.mislead4.A.alert B.expose C.tie D.treat5.A.trial B.message C.review D.concept6.A.remove B.deliver C.weaken D.interrupt7.A.Unless B.If C.When D.Though8.A.change B.continue C.disappear D.happen9.A.such as B.rather than C.regardless of D.owing to10.A.disagree B.forgive C.discover D.forget11.A.pay B.food C.marriage D.schooling12.A.begin with B.rest on C.lead to D.learn from13.A.inquiry B.withdrawal C.persistence D.diligence14.A.self-deceptive B.self-reliant C.self-evidentD.self-destructive15.A.trace B.define C.replace D.resist16.A.conceal B.overlook C.design D.predict17.A.choose B.remember C.promise D.pretend18.A.relief B.outcome C.plan D.duty19.A.how B.why C.where D.whether20.A.limitations B.investments C.consequences D.strategiesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens moredoors.Buteven now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wak e-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of.A.academic trainingB.practical abilityC.pioneering spiritD.mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A.have a stereotyped mindB.have no career motivationC.are financially disadvantagedD.are not academically successful23.we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.ed to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concernsC.are entitled to more educational privilegesD.are reluctant to work in manufacturing24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.A.tolerantB.cautiousC.supportiveD.disappointedText 2While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables，especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word“plummeting”（Line 3，Para.2）is closest in meaning to.A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising27.According to Paragraph 3，the use of renewable energy in America.A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC.faces many challengesD.has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa, .A.wind is a widely used energy sourceB.wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC.tech giants are investing in clean energyD.there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which ofthe following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A.Its application has boosted battery storage.B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.A.will bring the US closer to other countriesB.will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at a ll. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives．Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through．Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be．What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power．But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digitaleconomy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power．But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them．The users of their services are not their customers．That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies．The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield．Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit．31.According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.A.digital productser informationC.physical assetsD.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.A.worsen political disputesB.mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author,competition law.A.should serve the new market powersB.may worsen the economic imbalanceC.should not provide just one legal solutionD.cannot keep pace with the changing marketpetition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.A.they are not defined as customersB.they are not financially reliableC.the services are generally digitalD.the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.A.a win-win business model between digital giantsB.a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC.the benefits provided for digital giants’customersD.the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world,recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and getmore done in less time.“At any given point,I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”,he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford, author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”. says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ________.A.keep to your focus timeB.list your immediate tasksC.make specific daily plansD.seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that ________.A.distractions may actually increase efficiencyB.daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC.students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD.detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is ________.A.a desirable mental state for busy peopleB.a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused _______.A.can result in psychological well-beingB.canbring about greater efficiencyC.is aimed at better balance in workD.is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about _______.A.ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB.approaches to getting more done in less timeC.the key to eliminating distractionsD.the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment, places, thingsE.Find the “me too”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyone Conversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41._____A_______Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out. I t feels like itis stuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.Just think: that is the worst that could ha ppen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say“Hi”.42.______F______It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”, “how are you?”and“what’s g oing on?”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43._____E_______When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44._____B_______Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.45._____D_______You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing the hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section Ⅲ Tra nslation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy”at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.【参考译文】一个五年级的学生需要完成一份作业，作业的内容是要从工作清单中选出自己未来的职业。

2018英语二阅读第四篇英文回答：The fourth passage in the 2018 English II reading test discusses the benefits and drawbacks of using technology in the classroom. The author argues that while technology can enhance learning experiences, it also poses challenges and distractions for students. I agree with the author's viewpoint, as I believe that technology can be a valuable tool in education, but it should be used judiciously and with proper guidance.One of the advantages of using technology in the classroom is that it can make learning more interactive and engaging. For example, teachers can use multimedia presentations, online simulations, and educational apps to create a dynamic and immersive learning environment. This can help students better understand and retain information, as they can actively participate in the learning process. Additionally, technology can provide access to a vastamount of resources and information, allowing students to explore and learn beyond the confines of their textbooks.However, there are also disadvantages to relying too heavily on technology in the classroom. One major concernis the potential for distraction. With smartphones, tablets, and laptops readily available, students may be tempted to surf the internet, check social media, or play gamesinstead of focusing on their studies. This can lead to a decline in academic performance and hinder their ability to concentrate. Moreover, excessive screen time can have negative effects on students' health, such as eye strainand sedentary behavior.Another drawback of technology in education is the potential for unequal access. Not all students have equal access to technology and the internet at home, which can create a digital divide. This can further exacerbateexisting educational inequalities, as students from disadvantaged backgrounds may not be able to fully benefit from the educational opportunities provided by technology.It is important for schools and policymakers to addressthis issue and ensure that all students have equal access to technology and digital resources.To mitigate the drawbacks of technology in the classroom, it is crucial for teachers to provide guidance and establish clear rules and expectations regarding its use. For instance, teachers can set designated times for using technology and establish consequences for misuse or excessive distraction. Moreover, incorporating offline activities and discussions into lessons can help balance the use of technology and promote critical thinking and social interaction among students.In conclusion, while technology has the potential to enhance learning experiences, it also comes with challenges and distractions. It is important for educators to strike a balance and use technology judiciously in the classroom. By providing guidance and establishing clear expectations, technology can be a valuable tool in education, helping students to actively engage in the learning process and expand their knowledge and skills.中文回答：2018年英语二阅读测试的第四篇文章讨论了在课堂上使用技术的利弊。

[0065]《英语阅读二》第一次作业[单选题]Another name for a paycheck stub is _________.A：W-4 formB：earnings statementC：financial plan参考答案：B[单选题]A company's policies are its ________.A：employee benefits such as health insuranceB：full range of product partsC：official ways of operating参考答案：C[单选题]The amount of money you receive when you cash a paycheck is your ________. A：net payB：withholding taxC：gross pay参考答案：C[单选题]A basic grooming tool for both dogs and cats is a _____.A：stethoscopeB：bucketC：brush参考答案：C[单选题]You might find a good job lead in the newspaper by reading the _____.A： sports sectionB：classified ads.C：editorials参考答案：B[单选题]If leftover food accumulates in a fish tank, it will ______.A：make your fish very fatB： rot and cause diseaseC：be eaten later as a midnight snack参考答案：B[单选题]Tropical fish won't get enough oxygen if they _______.A：are kept in a bowl rather than a tankB：don’t breathe deeplyC：lack a well-balanced diet参考答案：A[单选题]If a dog's skin loses its natural oils, it will become ____________. A：dry and scalyB：soft and moistC：red and patchy.参考答案：A[单选题]When you isolate a new fish, you __________.A：put its bowl in the closetB：introduce it to your other fishC：keep it away from your other fish参考答案：C[单选题]Commercial pet food is____.A：made at home.B：sold in stores.C： poor in quality.参考答案：B第二次作业[单选题]1. China is (prospering) with each passing day.A：A. thrivingB：B. decliningC：C. advancingD：D. progressing参考答案：A[单选题]2. Coal of all kinds (originated from) the decay of plants.A：A. stemmed fromB：B. arisen fromC：C. changed fromD：D. sprang from参考答案：A[单选题]3. The small dog (relinquished) his bone to the big dog.A：savedB：releasedC：abandonedD：surrendered参考答案：C[单选题]4. You might (curb) your magnanimity?A：checkB： holdC：preventD：restrain参考答案：D[单选题]5. Children of poor health are very (prone) to colds in winter. A：tendB：liableC：vulnerableD：allergic参考答案：B[单选题]6. The bandits (broke into) the jewelry and stole near all the valuable necklaces. A：enteredB：stormedC：shatteredD：intruded参考答案：D[单选题]7. The workers demanded the same wage and the same treatment! There must be no__________.A：prejudiceB：biasC：discriminationD： injustice参考答案：C[单选题]8. We must _________ our products to the needs of the market.A：centerB：situateC：orientD：design参考答案：C[单选题]9. It was so dark outside that he was just able to (discern) the road in the dark. A： tellB：distinguishC：findD：see参考答案：D[单选题]10. The election results (mirror) public opinion quite well.A：reflectB：drawC：expressD：show参考答案：A第三次作业[单选题]Werner finds himself suddenly in a most awkward (predicament)?A：plightB：dilemmaC：complicationD：adversity参考答案：B[单选题]She (resembles) her mother in the way she moves her hands when she talks. A：dislikesB：likesC： looks likeD：unlikes参考答案：C[单选题]Fever is (a symptom of) many illnesses.A：a symbol ofB：a sign ofC：a look ofD：a hope of参考答案：B[单选题]We should (attach primary importance to) the development of economy.A： think much ofB：sing high ofC：set store toD：lay store toward参考答案：A[单选题]The news (reinforced) her hopes.A：forcedB：diminishedC：confirmedD：strengthened参考答案：D[单选题]This dictionary is (ideal) ― it's exactly what I needed.A：goodB：marvelousC：perfectD：wonderful参考答案：C[单选题]I could barely (make out) the traffic signs through the rain.A：discernB：interpretC：findD：elucidate参考答案：A[单选题]The liquid ignited when somebody dropped a match in it (accidentally). A：designedlyB：intentionallyC：purposelyD：occasionally参考答案：D[单选题]That building has been (converted into) a school.A：transmuted intoB：transplanted intoC： transmogrified intoD：translated into参考答案：C[单选题]Now the examination score serves as the only (criterion) for a student's academic performance.A：aimB：standardC：destinationD：norm参考答案：B第四次作业[单选题]Half a century ago it's difficult to (conceive of) traveling to the moon.A:thinkB:believeC:imagineD: talk参考答案：C[单选题]She (was startled to) see him looking so ill.A:was glad toB: was sad toC:was shocked toD:was indifferent to参考答案：C[单选题]His inspiration (stems from) books.A:derives fromB: results fromC:originates fromD: borrows from参考答案：C[单选题]He has (wrestled) with a temptation for a long time. A:rejectedB:resistedC:reclinedD:rewarded参考答案：B[单选题]9. He is a Russian ______ he was born in Russia.A:insomuch asB: in terms asC:so much so thatD:insofar as参考答案：A[单选题]3. Exercise ______ the flow of blood.A:encouragesB:stimulatesC:spursD:reduces参考答案：B[单选题]4. He _______ from the storm in a hut.A:took hostageB: took awayC:took leaveD:took refuge参考答案：D[单选题]5. People under stress _____ express their full range of potential.A: tend toB: inclined toC:likelyD:intend to参考答案：A[单选题]6. The ambassador personally _____the president's message to the premier.A:showedB:toldC:conveyedD:sent参考答案：C[单选题]7. Do you _______an authority on the subject?A:view him asB:look upon him asC:think him asD:consider him as参考答案：B[单选题]8. David _______ his company's success to the unity of all the staff and their persevering hard work.A:devotedB:contributedC:attributedD:offered参考答案：C[单选题]2. The relics ______ miraculous powers.A:are credited toB: are credited forC:are credited ofD:. are credited with参考答案：D[单选题]1. This kind of behavior _______ the criminal mind.A:characterizesB:charactersC:featuresD:characteristic参考答案：A第五次作业[单选题]1. Despite his misfortunes, his faith and optimism remained _________.A:changedB:shiftedC:intactD:unabated参考答案：C[单选题]3. The schoolboys are more _________ not to make any mistakes in spelling than ever before.A:cautiousB:carelessC:casualD:concentrated参考答案：A[单选题]6. Fair skin covers the _________ of sins.A:partB:multitudeC: numberD:immensity参考答案：B[单选题]5. Better to_________ in hell than serve in heaven.A:controlB:masterC:conquerD:reign参考答案：D[单选题]8. It is professional suicide to involve oneself in _________ practices.A:illegalB:nobleC:crimeD:dignified参考答案：A[单选题]7. The government servants are warned not to _________ the people of the masses A:be married withB:be tied withC:be divorced fromD:be prevented from参考答案：C[单选题]9. He _________ by the real criminals and became the victim of the evil and injustice. A:was plannedB:was injuredC:was wrongedD:was framed参考答案：D[单选题]10. Lack of money _________ him in his business badly.A:prosperedB:handicappedC: promotedD:helped参考答案：B[单选题]2. The odour of food may be a _________ for man's appetite.A：reductionB：triggerC：motivationD：raise参考答案：B[单选题]4. His _________ strength was a counterpoise to the disease.A: delicateB:impotentC:robustD:heavy参考答案：C第六次作业[单选题]Buyers have withdrawn from the market (in view of) the abrupt turn of the trend of prices. A:in terms ofB:by virtue ofC:as far asD:with a view of参考答案：B[单选题]He will (accommodate) me with the use of his house, while he is abroad.A:supplyB:entertainC:provideD: treat参考答案：C[单选题]The recent oil price rises (exemplify) the difficulties which the motor industry is now facing.A:explainB:illustrateC:manifestD:justify参考答案：B[单选题]The (monotonous) voice of the movement of the train lulled me to sleep.A: musicalB:heavenlyC: hoarseD:dull参考答案：D[单选题]It must be understood that this concession is made without (prejudice) to any future decision of the committee.A:preferenceB:discriminationC:injuryD:bias参考答案：D[单选题]When she (caught up with) them, she saw that they had sat down and were going through the contents of the bag.A:followedB:overtookC:surpassedD:fell behind参考答案：B[单选题]The robber broke into the bank at the storm night, (gambling) on the fact the night watchers wouldn't find it because of the thunder and lightning.A:bettingB:wageringC: riskingD:jeopardizing参考答案：C[单选题](Leave off) making that noise! Can you see I'm trying to work?A:StopB: ResumeC:RestoreD: Begin参考答案：A[单选题]An accident of the collision of a truck with a train (has disrupted) railway services into and out of the city.A:has paralyzedB:has interruptedC:has revivedD: has destroyed参考答案：B[单选题]The few packages of food seemed a (laughing stock) in the face of such enormous destitution.A:mockeryB:flatteryC:praiseD:shame参考答案：A。

Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested. Student’s willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 eachparticipant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified, another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would8 subsequent experiments reproduced, this effect with otherstimuli 9 the sound of finger nails on a chalkboard andphotographs of disgusting insects.The drive to_10_is deeply rooted in humans. Much the sameas the basic drives for_11_or shelter, says Christopher Hsee ofthe University of Chicago Curiosity is often considered a goodinstinct-it can _12_New Scientific advances, for instance-butsometimes such_13_can backfire, the insight that curiosity candrive you to do _14_things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however, in a finalexperiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how theywould feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likelyto 17 to see such an image. These results suggest thatimagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosityahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. ”Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possiblenegative effects of curiosity. Hsee says “in other words, don’t read online comments”.1. [A]Protect [B] resolve [C] discuss [D] ignore2. [A]refuse [B] wait [C] regret [D] seek3. [A]hurt [B] last [C]mislead [D] rise4. [A]alert [B] tie [C] treat [D] expose5. [A]message [B] review [C] trial [D] concept6．[A] remove [B] weaken [C] interrupt [D] deliver7．[A]when [B] if [C] though [D] unless8．[A] continue [B] happen [C] disappear [D] change9．[A] rather than [B] regardless of [C] such as [D] owing to 10．[A] discover [B] forgive [C] forget [D] disagree11．[A] pay [B] marriage [C] schooling [D] food12．[A] lead to [B]rest on [C] learn from [D] begin with13．[A] withdrawal [B] persistence [C] inquiry [D] diligence14．[A] self-reliant [B] self-destructive [C] self-evident [D] self-deceptive15．[A] define [B] resist [C]replace [D] trace16．[A] overlook [B] predict [C] design [D] conceal17．[A] remember [B] promise [C] choose [D] pretend18．[A] relief [B] plan [C] duty [D] outcome19．[A] why [B] whether [C] where [D] how20．[A] consequences [B] investments [C] strategies [D] limitationsSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization,but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Workingwith your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schoolsin the family of vocational education “have thatstereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that itonce was. The job security that the US economy once offered tohigh school graduates has largely evaporated. More educationis the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rightfullyso.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all –and the subtle devaluing of anything less – misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy need.Yes, a bachelor’s degree opens more doors. But even now, 54percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such asconstruction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percentof workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turnedthe country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunitythat once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution isstaring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, butthe workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them. Koziatek’s Manchester school of Technology HighSchool is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’lack of .[A] practical ability[B] academic training[C] pioneering spirit[D] mechanical memorization22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education isfor kids who .[A] have a stereotyped mind[B] have no career motivation[C] are not academically successful[D] are financially disadvantaged23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high schoolgraduates .[A] used to have big financial concerns[B] used to have more job opportunities[C] are reluctant to work in manufacturing[D] are entitled to more educational privileges24. The headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all .[A] helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs[B] may narrow the gap in working-class jobs[C] is expected to yield a better-trained workforce[D] indicates the overvaluing of higher education25. The author's attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as .[A] supportive[B] tolerant[C] disappointed[D] cautiousText 2While fossil fuels—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it’s clearer than ever that the futurebelongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The moveto renewables is picking up momentum around the world: Theynow account for more than half of new power sources going online.Some growth stems from a commitment by governmentsand farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices ofrenewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panelshas dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines byclose to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already aprincipal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. Whilethe rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe,the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, forthe first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the USEnergy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal —as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa,he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. Butthat message did not play well with many in Iowa, where windturbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to powertheir data centers.The question “What happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?” has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity ofbatteries is making their ability to keep power flowing aroundthe clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, whoare placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, thismassive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26. The word “plummeting”(Line 3, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to .[A] stabilizing[B] changing[C] falling[D] rising27. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America .[A] is progressing notably[B] is as extensive as in Europe[C] faces many challenges[D] has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa, .[A] wind is a widely used energy source[B] wind energy has replaced fossil fuels[C] tech giants are investing in clean energy[D] there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6？[A] Its application has boosted battery storage.[B] It is commonly used in car manufacturing.[C] Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.[D] Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.[A] will bring the USA closer to other countries.[B] will accelerate global environmental change.[C] is not really encouraged by the USA government.[D] is not competitive enough with regard to its cost.Text 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing-Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for＄l3.5bn,but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn't have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users' friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Therea May's enemies are currently plotting? Itmay be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of Change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don't pay for them. The users of their Services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them-and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they're selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to date for the benefit of the digital giants.Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew the produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spamme out of our inboxes. It doesn't feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its .[A] digital products[B] user information[C] physical assets[D] quality service32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may .[A] worsen political disputes[B] mess up customer records[C] pose a risk to Facebook users[D] mislead the European commission33. According to the author, competition law .[A] should sever the new market powers[B] may worsen the economic imbalance[C] should not provide just one legal solution[D] cannot keep pace with the changing market34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardlyprotect Facebook users because .[A] they are not defined as customers[B] they are not financially reliable[C] the services are generally digital[D] the services are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate .[A] a win-win business model between digital giants[B] a typical competition pattern among digital giants[C] the benefits provided for digital giants ’customers[D] the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, CalNewport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in aDistracted World, recommends building a habit of “deep work”-the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art ofdeep work- be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approachto seizing moment of deep work when you can throughout theday. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your lengthof focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. “At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly thenext mouth. Once on the calendar, I protect this time like Iwould a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”, he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is torethink how you priorities your day – in particular how we craftour to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power ofDisorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some wereadvised to set out monthly goals and study activities; otherswere told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, dayby day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structureddaily plans would be most effective when it came to theexecution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students .Harford argues that inevitabledistractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, whileleaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the bestresults.In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we alsoneed to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy”.“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it isas indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body …”[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at HarvardMedical School, believes this counterintuitive link betweendowntime and productivity may be due to the may our brainsoperate. When our brains switch between being focused andunfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to completethese tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuitsin their brain,” says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to .[A] keep to your focus time[B] list your immediate tasks[C] make specific daily plans[D] seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford showsthat .[A] distractions may actually increase efficiency.[B] daily schedules are indispensable to studying[C] students are hardly motivated by monthly goals[D] detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is .[A] a desirable mental state for busy people.[B] a major contributor to physical health[C] an effective way to save time and energy[D] an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused .[A] can result in psychological well-being[B] can bring about greater efficiency[C] is aimed at better balance in work[D] is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about .[A] ways to relieve the tension of busy life[B] approaches to getting more done in less time[C] the key to eliminating distractions[D] the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitles from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subtitles which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment, places, thingsE.Find the “me too”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have aconversation with a new person a link gets formed and everyconversation you have after that moment will strengthen thelink.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, thecab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door.Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first moveand start a conversation with strangers.41、______________________________________________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says “I want to talk with this person”-this is something that mostly happens with all of us. Youwanted to say something-the first word –but it just won’tcome out, it feels like it is stuck somewhere. I know the feelingand here is my advice: just get it out.Just think: what is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word outeverything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”，“Hey”or “Hello”- do the best you can to gather all of theenthusiasm and energy you can , put on a big smile and say“Hi”。

范文 范例 指导 学习2018 考研英语（二）真题及参考答案（完整版）来源：文都教育Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text . Choose the best word(s) for each numberedblank and mark [A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviouslybe painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University ofChicago andthe Wisconsin school of Business testedstudents ’ willingness to4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one5 , each participantwas shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven wer e told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernail s on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct — itcan 12 new scientific advances, forinstance —butsometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthycuriosity i possible to 15 ,however.In a final participantss experiment,who were encouraged to 16how theywould feel afterviewinganunpleasantpicturewereless likelyto 17 to see such an image. These results suggestthatimaginingthe 18of following throughon one’scuriosity ahead of timecanhelp determine 19 it isworththe endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possiblenegativeeffects of curiosity, ”Hsee says. In other words,don’t read onlinecomments.1.A.ignore B.protect C.discuss D.resolve 2.A.refuse B.seek C.wait D.regret3.A.rise st C.hurt D.mislead4.A.alert B.expose C.tie D.treat5.A.trial B.message C.review D.concept6.A.remove B.deliver C.weaken D.interru pt7.A.Unless B.If C.When D.Though8.A.change B.continue C.disappear D.happen9.A.such as B.ratherthanC.regardlessofD.owingto10.A.disagree B.forgive C.discover D.forget11.A.pay B.food C.marriageD.schooling12.A.beginwith B.rest on C.lead to D.learn fromword 版本整理分享范文范例指导学习13.A.inquiry B.withdrawal C.persistence D.diligence14.A.self-deceptive B.self-reliant C.self-evidentD.self-destructive15.A.trace B.define C.replace D.resist16.A.conceal B.overlook C.design D.predict17.A.choose B.remember C.promise D.pretend18.A.relief B.outcome C.plan D.duty19.A.how B.why C.where D.whether20.A.limitations B.investments C.consequencesD.strategiesSection IIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],[B],[C]or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his effortsto give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, butpractical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13thpresident of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarilygained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generationsof discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he ’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seenas almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it ’s for kids who can ’t make it academically, ” he says .On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’sevolution.Manufacturingis not the economic engine that it once was.The job security thatthe US economy once offeredto high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle.Wewant more for our kids,and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor ’s d egrees for all —and the subtle devaluing ofanything less —misses an important point:That ’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor ’s degree opens moredoors.Buteven now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on itspolitical head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs, but theworkerswho need those jobs most aren ’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School ofTechnology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek ’s school is a wake-up call. Wheneducation becomes one-size-fits-all,it risksoverlooking a nation ’s diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students ’ lack of .A.academic trainingB.practical abilityword 版本整理分享范文 范例 指导 学习C.pioneering spiritD.mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who. A.have a stereotyped mind B.have no career motivation C.are financially disadvantaged D.are not academically successful23.we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates. ed to have more job opportunities ed to have big financial concerns C.are entitled to more educational privileges D.are reluctant to work in manufacturing24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all. A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs B.may narrow the gap in working-class jobs C.indicates the overvaluing of higher education D.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce 25.The author ’s attitude toward Koziatek ’s school can bedescribed as . A.tolerant B.cautious C.supportive D.disappointedText 2 While fossil fuels —coal ， oil ， gas —stillgenerat e roughly 85percent of the world ’s energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources suchas wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking upmomentumaround the world ： Theynow account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fundcleaner energy sources. But increasing ly the story is about the plummetingprices of renewables ， especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by80 percentand the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland ， for example ， wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95percent ofhomes.Whilethe rest of the world takesthelead ，notablyChina and Europe ， the UnitedStatesis alsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch，for the firsttime ，wind andsolarpoweraccountedfo r morethan10percent ofthepowergeneratedin theUS，reportedthe US EnergyInformationAdministrati on.Presiden t Trump hasunderlined fossil fuels—especiallycoal — asthe pathtoeconomicgrowth. In a recent speech in Iowa ，hedismissedwind power as anunreliable energy source.Butthat message did not play well with many in Iowa ， where wind turbines dot the fields andprovide 36 percent of thestate ’s electricitygeneration— and where tech giants likeMicrosoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to powertheir datacenters.The question “what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine? ”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteriesis making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.word 版本整理分享范文范例指导学习The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers ， who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still ararity on roads now,this massive investment could change thepicture rapidly in coming years.While there ’ s a long way to go ， the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The paceof change in energy sources appears to be speeding up — perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What W ashington does—or doesn’t do— to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word “plummeting ”（L ine 3 ， Para.2 ） is closest in meaning to.A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising27.According to Paragraph 3 ， the use of renewable energy in America.A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC.faces many challengesD.has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa, .A.wind is a widely used energy sourceB.wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC.tech giants are investing in clean energyD.there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which ofthe following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A.Its application has boosted battery storage.B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.A.will bring the US closer to other countriesB.will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power andambition of thegiantsofthedigitaleconomyis astonishing— Amazonhasjust announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain WholeFoods for$13.5bn ， but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsAppmessaging service ，which doesn ’t have any physical ll. What WhatsApp offered Facebook wasproduct at a anintricate and finely detailed web of itsusers’friendships and sociallives ．Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbersto Facebookidentities，but it broke thepromisealmostas soon as thedealwentthrough ．Evenwithout knowing what was in the messages ， the knowledge of who sent them and towhom wasenormouslyrevealing and still couldbe． Whatpolitical journalist， whatpartywhip ，wouldnot want to know the makeup of the Whats App groups in which TheresaMay ’ s enemies arecurrentlyplotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazonisnot so much the460shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchasedwhat.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances ofpower ． Butit is clumsy. For onething, itis veryslowcomparedto the pace ofchangewithin the digitalword 版本整理分享范文范例指导学习economy. By the time a problem has beenaddressed and remedied it may have vanished in themarketplace, to bereplacedby new abuses of power． Butthere isa deeperconceptual problem,too. Competitionlaw as presentlyinterpreted deals with financial disadvantage toconsumers and thisis not obviouswhen theusers of theseservicesdon’t pay forthem． Theusers of their services are not theircustomers ． That would bethepeople who buyadvertisingfrom them — and Facebook and Google ， the two virtualgiants， dominate digitaladvertisingto the disadvantage of all other media and entertainmentcompanies ．Theproduct they ’re selling is data ， and we， the users ，convertourlives to data forthe benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphidsfor thehoneydew they producewhen theyfeed,so Google farms usfor the data that ourdigital livesyield ． Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps thespammers out of ourinboxes. It doesn ’t feel like a human or democraticrelationship ，even if both sidesbenefit ．31.According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquiredWhatsApp for its. A.digital productser informationC.physical assetsD.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.A.worsen political disputesB.mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author,competition law.A.should serve the new market powersB.may worsen the economic imbalanceC.should not provide just one legal solutionD.cannot keep pace with the changing marketpetition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.A.they are not defined as customersB.they are not financially reliableC.the services are generally digitalD.the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.A.a win-win business model between digital giantsB.a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC.the benefits provided for digital giants ’customersD.the relationship between digital giants and theirusersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world, recommends building a habit of “deepwork”— the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work — be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a“journalistic ”approach to seizing m oments of deep work when you can throughout the day.Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deepscheduling ” to c ombat constant interruptions and getword 版本整理分享范文范例指导学习more done in less time. “At any given point,Ishould have deep work scheduled for ro ughlythe next m onth.Once on the calendar I protect this time like Iwould a doctor ’s appointmentor important meeting ”,he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritizeyour day— in particular how we craft our to-do l ists.Tim Harford, author of Messy:The Powerof Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be mosteffective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions oftenrender the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room forimprovisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We a lso need to embrace downtime,oras Newport suggests, “be lazy. ”“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable tobe brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically,necessary to getting any work done, ”he argues.Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believesthis counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due tothe way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focusedand unfocused on a task,theytend to be more efficient.“What people d on’t realise is that in order to complete t hese tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain ”. says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to________. A.keep to your focus timeB.list your immediate tasksC.make specific daily plansD.seize every minute to work37.The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that________. A.distractions may actually increase efficiencyB.daily schedules are indispensable tostudying C. students are hardlymotivated by monthly goalsD.detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38.According to Newport, idleness is________. A.a desirable mental state forbusy peopleB.a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains ’ shift between being focusedand unfocused _______.A.can result in psychological well-beingB.canbring about greater efficiencyC.is aimed at better balance in workD.is driven by task urgency40.This text is mainly about _______.A.ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB.approaches to getting more done inless timeword 版本整理分享范文范例指导学习C.the key to eliminating distractionsD.the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in theleft column to its corresponding information in the right column. Thereare two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment, places, thingsE.Find the “me too ”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new persona link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment willstrengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, newpeople at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting aconversation with them will form alink.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start aconversation with strangers.41._____A_______Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know andsomething within you says“Iwant to talk with this person ”— this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something — the first word —but it justwon ’t come out. I t feels like itisstuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, theyare not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow.So keep it simple: “Hi ”, “Hey”or “Hello ”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say “Hi ”.42.______F______It ’s a problem all of us face : you have limited time with the person that you wantto talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of “hi ”, “hello ” , “how are you? ”and“what’s going on? ”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that ’s can make itso memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you ’ll be surprised tosee how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43._____E_______When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which youand that person have in commonso that you can build the conversation f rom that point. Whenyou start conversation from there a nd then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden thatthe conversation becomes a lot easier.44._____B_______word 版本整理分享范文范例指导学习Imagine you are pouring y our heart o ut to someone and they are just busy on their phone,and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask ”.So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in thatcommunication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel theconversation.45._____D_______You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some timeyou may have met a gain and have forgotten their name. Isn ’t that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps theplaces they have been to the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing thehate —whatever you talk about.When you remember such thing you can automatically becomeinvestor in their wellbeing.So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That ’s it . Five amazing ways that you can make conversationwith almost anyone. Everyperson is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section Ⅲ Tra nslation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future careerpath from a listof occupations. He ticks “astronaut ” but quickly adds “scientist ” to the list andselects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as manycareer paths as he likes. And so he reads —everything from encyclopedias to science fictionnovels. He reads so passionately t hat his parents h ave to institute a “no reading p olicy ”atthe dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn ’t stopped reading yet —not even after becomingone of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he readsat least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explainhow the world works. “Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge, ”Gates says.【参考译文】一个五年级的学生需要完成一份作业，作业的内容是要从工作清单中选出自己未来的职业。

西南大学《英语阅读二》复习思考题及答案（（0065）《英语阅读二》复习思考题I Sentence comprehension1. My discovery of Tillie Olsen was a gift from a friend; years ago she gave me her copy of Tell Me a Riddle because she liked the stories and wanted to share the experience. What do we know about Tillie Olsen? A. She is a friend. B. She likes stories. C. She gives gifts. D. She is an author.2. What is most obvious in this book are all those details of daily living that make Mrs. Richards anything but common.According to this statement, what kind of person is Mrs. Richards? A. She is very obvious. B. She is an unusual person.C. She is anything she wants to be.D. She is quite ordinary.3. The Green Tiger Press believes that the relatively unknown works of great children‘s illustrators are sources of vast beauty and power, and is attempting to make these treasures more easily available.What is the goal of this printing company? A. to publish morechildren‘s books B. to develop powerful storiesC. to make children‘s illustrations more easily availableD. toencour age artists to become children‘s illustrators4. Any thought that this new custom will remain unchanged--or in Europe will remain uniquely English--is ridiculous.What does the author believe about the new custom? A. It will remain limited. B. The custom will change.C. Acceptance of the custom is ridiculous.D. The custom will remain in Europe.5. The student revolt is not only a thorn in the side of the president‘s newly established government, but it has international implications as well. Whom or what does this revolt affect? A. the studentsB. the side of the president‘s bodyC. only the national governmentD. national and international affairs6.The medical journal reported that heart attack victims who recover are approximately five times as likely to die within the next five years as those people without a history of heart disease. What did this article say about people who have had a heart attack? A. They are more likely to die in thenear future than others. B. They will die in five years.C. They are less likely to die than people without a history of heart disease.D. They are likely to recover.7.Young people need to develop the values, attitude, and problem-solving skills essential to their participation in a political system that was designed, and is still based, on the assumption that all citizens would be so prepared.What is a basic assumption of this political system? A. All people will be capable of participation. B. All people participate in the system.C. All people should have the same values and attitudes.D. Most people cannot develop the skills to participate in the system.8. While we may be interested in the possibilities of social harmony and individual fulfillment to be achieved through nontraditional education, one cannot help being cautious about accepting any sort of one-sided educational program as a cure for the world‘s ills. How does the author feel about nontraditional education? A. He believes that it has no possibility of success.B. He doubts that it can cure the world‘s ills.C. He feels that it is a cure for the world‘s ills.D. He believes it will bring social harmony.9. The complexity of the human situation and the injustice of the social order demand far more fundamental changes in the basic structure of society itself than some politicians are willing to admit in their speeches.What is necessary to correct the problems of society? A. basic changes inits structure B. fewer political speeches C. honest politiciansD. basic changes in political methods10. Since industry and commerce are the largest users of electrical energy, using less electricity would mean a reduced industrial capacity and fewer jobs in the affected industries and therefore an unfavorable change in our economic structure. According to this sentence, decreasing the use of electricityA. Must begin immediately.B. Isn‘t important.C. Will cause difficulties.D. Won‘t affect industry.11.The student revolt is not only a thorn in the side of the president‘s newly established government, but it has international implications as well. Whom or what does this revolt affect? A. the studentsB. the side of the president‘s bodyC. only the national governmentD. national and international affairs12.Just before his birthday John received a horse from his father; thiswas the first of a series of expensive gifts intended to create the impression of a loving parent. Why did John receive the horse? A. because he was tenB. because his father loved himC. because his father wanted to seem lovingD. because his father wouldn‘t be able to give him expensive gifts in the future13.Heavy smokers and drinkers run a fifteen-times greater risk of developing cancer of the mouth and throat than nonsmokers and nondrinkers.Which of the following sentences best reflects the meaning of the above one?A. Cancer of the mouth and throat is more likely to occur in heavy smokers and drinkers than in nonsmokers and nondrinkers.B. People who never drink and smoke will not get mouth or throat cancer.C. Heavy drinkers who run have a greater risk of developing cancer than nondrinkers.D. People would probably be healthier if they did not drink and smoke too much.14.This is not just a sad-but-true story; t he boy‘s experience ishorrible and damaging, yet a sense of love shines through every word.How does the author of this sentence feel about the story? A. It transmits a sense of love. B. It is not true. C. It is just sad.D. It is horrible and damaging.15.The financial situation isn‘t bad yet, but we believe that we have some vital information and, if it is correct, unemployment will soon become a serious problem. What do we know about the financial situation? A. It won‘t change. B. It is not bad now.C. It will become a serious problem.D. It will improve.16. The general then added, �DThe only reasonable solution to the sort of problems caused by the current unstable political situation is one of diplomacy and economic measures and not the use of military force.‖What type of solution does the general support?感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。

[0085]《英语阅读二》(高)网上作业题答案第1次作业[论述题]I.Text ComprehensionDirection: Each of the following comprehension questions, based on the texts you have learned, is provided with 4 possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer to each question.1. In The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County, Smiley always won money on his fighting dog except one because ________.A. the other dog was stronger than Smiley's dogB. the other dog ran Smiley's dog roundC. the other dog threw Smile's dog out of the ringD. the other dog had no hind legs and smiley's dog didn't know how to make of it2 In The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County, there was a beton frogs between Smiley and a stranger. The result was that the stranger won the bet because ________.A. Smiley's frog was very ordinaryB. the stranger had fed Smiley's frog a few teaspoons of whiskeyC. Smiley gave the stranger a good-looking and strong frogD. the stranger had put quite a bit of liquor into his own frog II.Reading ComprehensionDirection: There are 4 reading passages followed by 20 questions or unfinished statements. For each of the questions there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Please decide on the best answer.Passage 1Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to "think and concentrate.” Spilich put youngnon-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived of (剥夺)cigarettes through a series of tests.In the first test, each subject sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well.The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical （同样的）letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine, active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers.The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details."As our tests became mor e complex,” sums up Spilich, "non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins.” He predicts, "smokers might perform adequately at many jobs ― until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity.”1. The purpose of George Spilich's experiments is .A. to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokersB. to show how smoking damages people's mental capacityC. to prove that smoking affects people regular performanceD. to find out whether smoking helps people's short-term memory.2. George Spilich's experiment was conducted in such a way as to.A. compel the subjects to separate major information from minor detailsB. put the subjects through increasingly complex testsC. check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokersD. register the prompt responses of the subjects3. The word "bested” (Line 3, Para. 5) most probably means.A. beatB. enviedC. caught up withD. made the best of4. Which of the following statements is true?A. Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers.B. Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjectsC. Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.D. Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks.5. We can infer from the last paragraph that .A. Smokers should not expect to become airline pilotsB. smoking in emergency cases causes mental illnessC. no airline pilot smoke during flightsD. smokers may prove unequal to handling emergency casesPassage 2Aging is the process of growing old. It occurs eventually in every living thing provided, of course, that an illness or accident does not kill it prematurely. The most familiar outward signs of aging may be seen in old people, such as the greying of the hair and the wrinkling of the skin. Signs of aging in a pet dog or cat include loss of playfulness and energy, a decline in hearing and eyesight, or even a slight greying of the coat. Plants age too, but the signs are much harder to detect.Most body parts grow bigger and stronger, and function more efficiently during childhood. They reach their peak at the time of maturity, of early adulthood. After that, they begin to decline. Bones, for example, gradually become lighter and more brittle易碎的. In the aged, the joints关节 between the bones also become rigid僵硬的and more inflexible. This can make moving very painful.All the major organs of the body show signs of aging. The brain, for example, works less efficiently, and even gets smaller in size. Thinking processes of all sorts are slowed down. Old people often have trouble in remembering recent events.One of the most serious changes of old age occurs in the arteries, the blood vessels that lead from the heart. They become thickened and constricted, allowing less blood to flow to the rest of the body. This condition accounts, directly or indirectly, for many of the diseases of the aged. It may, for example, result in heart attack.Aging is not a uniform process. Different parts of the body wear out 逐渐用完或消耗at different rates. There are great differences among people in their rate of aging. Even the cells细胞of the body differ in the way they age. The majority of cells are capable of reproducing themselves many times during the course of a lifetime. Nerve cells and muscle fibers can never be replaced once they wear out.Gerontologists, scientists who study the process of aging believe the wearing out of the body is controlled by a built-in biological time-clock. They are trying to discover how this clock works so that they can slow down the process. This could give man a longer life and a great number of productive years.1. What is the main idea in the first paragraph?A. Signs of aging are easier to detect in animals than in plants.B. Aging occurs in every living thing after it has reached maturity.C. The outward signs of aging may be seen in old people.D. Not all signs of aging are visible.2. "The arteries” refers to ______.A. the paths along which blood flows to all parts of the bodyB. the tubes carrying blood back to the heartC. vessels that are thickened and constrictedD. such heart diseases as suffered by old people3. "Aging is not a uniform process” means that ______.A. old people do not have the same outward signs of agingB. not all people age at the same ageC. the process of aging is slowD. nerve cells and muscle fibers do not age simultaneously4. Which of the statements about aging is false?A. People vary in their rate of aging.B. The cells of the body age in different ways.C. The various parts of the body do not wear out at the same rate.D. All body cells once worn out can never be replaced.5. According to the passage, what is responsible for many of the diseases of the old?A. Their trouble in remembering recent events.B. The worn out nerve cells and muscle-fibers.C. The blood vessels that have become thickened and constricted.D. The rigid and inflexible joints between the bones.Passage 3Among the more colorful characters of Leadville's golden age were H.A.W. Tabor and his second wife, Elizabeth McCourt, better known as "Baby Doe”. Their history is fast becoming one of the legends of the Old West. Horace Austin Warner Tabor was a school teacher in Vermont. With his first wife and two children he left Vermont by covered wagon in 1855 to homestead 家园in Kansas. Perhaps he did not find farming to his liking, or perhaps he was lured吸引by rumors of fortunes to be made in Colorado mines 矿山. At any rate, a few years later he moved west to the small Colorado mining camp known as California Gulch, which he later renamed Leadville when he became its leading citizen. "Great deposits of lead 铅矿层are sure to be found here.” he said.As it turned out, it was silver, not lead, that was to make Leadville's fortune and wealth. Tabor knew little about mining himself, so he opened a general store, which sold everything from boots to salt, flour, and tobacco. It was his custom to "grubstake” prospective miners, in other words, to supply them with food and supplies, or "grub”, while they looked for ore, in return for which he would get a share in the mine if one was discovered. He did this for a number of years, but no one that he aided ever found anything of value.Finally one day in the year 1878, so the story goes, two miners came in and asked for "grub”. Tabor had decided to quit supplying it because he had lost too much money that way. These were persistent, however, and Tabor was too busy to argue with them. "Oh help yourself. One more time won't make any difference,” He said and went on selling shoes and hats to other customers. The two miners took $17 worth of supplies, in return for which they gave Tabor a one-third interest in their findings. Theypicked a barren place on the mountainside and began to dig. After nine days they struck a rich vein of silver. Tabor bought the shares of the other two men, and so the mine belonged to him alone. This mine, known as the "Pittsburgh Mine,” made 1,300,000 for Tabor in return for his $17 investment.Later Tabor bought the Matchless Mine on another barren hillside just outside the town for $117,000.This turned out to be even more fabulous than the Pittsburgh, yielding $35 000 worth of silver per day at one time Leadville grew. Tabor became its first mayor, and later became lieutenant governor of the state.1. Leadville got its name for the following reasons EXCEPT_____.A. because Tabor became its leading citizenB. because great deposits of lead is expected to be found thereC. because it could bring good fortune to TaborD. because it was renamed2. The word "grubstake” in paragraph 2 means_____.A. to supply miners with food and suppliesB. to open a general storeC. to do one's contribution to the development of the mineD. to supply miners with food and supplies and in return get a share in the mine, if one was discovered3. Tabor made his first fortune_____.A. by supplying two prospective miners and getting in return a one-third interest in the findingsB. because he was persuaded by the two miners to quit supplyingC. by buying the shares of the otherD. as a land speculator4. The underlying reason for Tabor's life career is_____.A. purely accidentalB. based on the analysis of miner's being very poor and their possibility of discovering profitable mining siteC. through the help from his second wifeD. he planned well and accomplished targets step by step5. If this passage is the first part of an article, who might be introduced in the following part?A. Tabor's life.B. Tabor's second wife, Elizabeth McCourt.C. Other colorful characters.D. Tabor's other careersPassage 4In the United States, when one becomes rich, he wants people to know it. And even if he does not become very rich, he wants people to think that he is. That is what ‘keeping up with the Joneses' is about, It is the story of someone who tried to look as rich as his neighbours.The expression was first used in 1913 by a young American called Arthur Momand. He told this story about himself. He began earning $ 125 a week at the age of 23. That was a lot of money in those days. He got married and moved with his wife to a very wealthy neighbourhood outside New York City. When he saw that rich people rode horses, Momand went horseback riding every day. When he saw that rich people had servants. Momand and his wife also hired a servant and gave big parties for their new neighbours.It was like a race, but one could never finish this race because one was always trying to keep up. The race ended for Momand and his wife when they could no longer pay for their new way of life. They moved back to an apartment in New York City.Momand looked around him and noticed that many people do things just to keep up with rich life-style of their neighbours. He saw the funny side of it and started to write a series of short stories, He called it "Keeping up with the Joneses” because ‘Jones' is a very common name in the United States. "Keeping up with the Joneses” came to mean keeping up with rich life-style of the people around you. Momand's series appeared in different newspapers across the country for over 28 years.People never seem to get tired of keeping up with the Joneses. And there are ‘Jonses' in every city of the world. But one must get tired of trying to keep up with the Joneses because no matter what one does, Mr. Jones always seems to be ahead.1. Some people want to keep up with the Joneses because they ____________.A. want to be as rich as their neighboursB. want others to know or to think that they are richC. don't want others to know they are richD. want to be happy2. It can be inferred from the story that rich people like to ____________.A. live outside New York CityB. live in New York CityC. live in apartmentsD. have many neighbours3. The underlined word neighbourhood in the second paragraph means____________.A. a person who lives near anotherB. people living in an areaC. an area near the place referred toD. an area in another town or city4. Arthur Momand used the name ‘Jones' in his series of short stories because ‘Jones' is ____________.A. an important nameB. a popular name in the United StatesC. his neighbour's nameD. not a good name5. According to the writer, it is ____________ to keep up with the Joneses.A. correctB. interestingC. impossibleD. goodIII.TranslationDirection: Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. This one advantage is that the method is not subject to the same limitations of time and space. (from Howto Avoid the Foolish Opinions )2. It was not until the late nineteenth century that any sizable group of people did actually attempt to speak and write an artificial language. (from The Bricks of the Tower of Babel)3. He was always dreaming of some far-off greatness, and never thought he could be a hero among the corn and tobacco. （from Opportunities Where You Are）4. Thousands of men have made fortunes out of trifles which others pass by. （from Opportunities Where You Are）IV.Answer the QuestionsDirection: There are some questions based on the text you have learned. Please answer them briefly.Do you think it possible for us to invent a single international language that would be universally accepted? Why (not)?参考答案：I.Text Comprehension DBII.Reading ComprehensionPassage 1 ABACD Passage 2 BABDC Passage 3 CDABB Passage 4 B ACBC III.Translation他总是梦想着远方的伟大，但却从未想过他能在玉米和烟草中成为英雄。

2018年全国II卷高考英语ASummer ActivitiesStudents should read the list with their parents/carers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalized . parents/ carers will be asked to sign to confirm their child's choices21. Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping?A. OUT.B. WBP.C. CRF.D. POT.22. What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson?A. Travel to London.B. See a parade and fireworks.C. Tour central Paris.D. Visit the WWI battlefields.23. How long does Potty about Potter last？A. Two days.B. Four days.C. Five days.D. One week.A夏季活动学生们应该与他们的父母或者照顾者一起阅读这个清单，并选择他们想做的两项活动。

表格可以在学校和网上获得，以表明他们的选择和返回学校。

在确定选择之前，父母或照顾者会被要求签名来确认他们孩子的选择。

活动描述工作人员花费户外冒险（ＯＵＴ）离开你的舒适区一周，发现新的个人品质，学习新的技能。

西南大学2018年秋季在线作业标准答案单项选择题1、It’s important that you ___________ realistic about the possible downsides of office romance.. A. may be. would be. be. are2、She was afraid things weren’t going to __________ smooth for us.. turn out. turn down. turn into. turn over3、The lecture hall has a seating ___________ of more than 500 people. C. ability. facility. capacity. capability4、The ________ of the Titanic was found in September 1985, but recovering it is a very difficult prospect. . tragedy. crash. wreck. spot5、Few living things are linked together _____ bees and flowers.. B. so intimately as. D. such intimately as. as intimately as. as intimately than6、 Mr. Smith has no idea about what ________in his room when he was out yesterday.. F. had happened. was happened. has happened. happened7、He had no sooner finished his speech ________ he withdrew.. when. as. then. than8、Nowadays science has brought _________ many changes in our life.. out. off. about. to9、So urgent ______ that the doctor rode away without delay.. the case was. the case being. was the case. it was the case10、You may come with us to Florida for the winter _________ you don’t mind the cost.. unless. if. on condition. except11、I never expected you to turn ___________ at the meeting. I thought you were in Shanghai. . up. around. off. in12、Since the mountain is white, it___________ last night.. must have snowed. must snow. must have been snowed. must be snowed13、If you don’t put the cheese in the refrigerator, it may _____.. E. go over. go off. go wrong14、Some molecules are large enough _______ in the electronic microscope.. to be seen. seen. having seen. were seen15、The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that _____.. human brains differ considerably. the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligence.environment is crucial in determining a person’s intelligence. ersons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence16、Medical care reform has become this country’s most important public health ___________.. roblem. issue. question. matter17、Both family and the society _______ exceptional children live are often the key to their growthand development.. which. what. in which. that18、8. Scarcely ______ the door shut behind me when I realized I had forgotten to take the key withme.. I had pulled. had I pulled. did I pull. I pulled19、Each teacher and student _______ responsible for learning the material assigned.. is. are. were. was20、He’ll be very glad if you agree to ______ this matter.. look at. look into. look for21、There was so much noise t hat the speaker couldn’t make himself _________.. heard. being heard. to hear. hearing22、Both family and the society _______ exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development.. in which. which. what. that23、All the key words in the article are printed in ________ type so as to attract readers’ attention.. dark. bold. dense. black24、The _________ time you waste, the __________ it is to go on wasting time.. most, easiest. more, easiest. more, easier. most, easier25、He is a _________ young man; he always speaks politely to others, old and young.. respectable. respectful. respective. respected26、Mr. Black had planned to marry Jane, but ________ he decided to wait for several months.. after thoughts. on thinking over. on second thought. at a second thought阅读理解题(单选）27、After a long, hard day, many people find comfort in an ice-cold beer or a martini. For some of these people, alcohol, in any form, is a dangerous drug. These people are alcoholics. Recently, doctors have been trying to discover what alcoholics are like and why people become alcoholics. This essay will report on what doctors have uncovered.Doctors have discovered one misconception about what alcoholics are like. The popular picture of an alcoholic as a bum is wrong. Actual statistics show that these pathetic human beings make up only 3 percent of the alcoholic population. The majority of the nine million American alcoholics are from middle-class homes and have good jobs. Alcoholics can be found in every level of society. Although most alcoholics are male, female alcoholism is a growing problem. Alcoholics come from all races, colors, and creeds. One specific reason explaining why drinkers become alcoholics has not been found. If alcohol itself were the cause, everyone who drinks would become addicted. Some doctors believe emotional problems cause alcoholism; drinking is often used as a means of escaping from worries. Other doctors feel alcoholism stems from changes in body chemistry. This would mean that a physical reason for alcoholism exists. In most cases, though, a combination of these reasons produces an alcoholic.1、. to satisfy their physical needs. for no good reasons.. to escape from tensions, frustrations, and anxieties.. to resort to alcohol for both emotional relief and physical need.2、.people have come to know better what an alcoholic is like.. doctors will soon find out how to effectively control alcoholism.. doctors will soon find out how to effectively control alcoholism.. there are far more alcoholics in theU.S.than people can suspect.3、.more and more American women are becoming alcoholics..alcoholism is a serious problem which can’t be solved without cooperation from alcoholics themselves.. alcoholism claims all sorts of victims, regardless of races or beliefs.. alcohol might be proved to be the root cause of alcoholism.4、. pitiful and unsuccessful people.. homeless and jobless people.. people of a middle-class origin.. people with good occupations5、. to those who have got addicted.. both A and B..if one drinks too much and gets drunk..to anyone who turns to beer or martini for relief.28、There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual— the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measuretheir intelligence. Mark’s I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.1. This selection can best be titled_________.A. Measuring Your IntelligenceB. Intelligence and EnvironmentC. The Case of Peter and MarkD. How the Brain Influences Intelligence2. The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that _____.A. human brains differ considerablyB. the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligenceC. environment is crucial in determining a person’s intelligenceD. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence3. According to the passage, the average I.Q. is _____.A. 85B.100C. 110D.1254. The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______.A. individual with identical brains seldom test at same levelB. an individual’s intelligence is determined only by his environmentC. lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenceD. changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain5. This passage suggests that an individual’s I.Q.______.A. can be predicted at birthB. stays the same throughout his lifeC. can be increased by educationD. is determined by his childhood1、..B. an individual’s intelligence is determined only by his environment....C. lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligence....A. individual with identical brains seldom test at same level... D. changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain2、. C. 110. D.125. B.100. A. 853、. C. environment is crucial in determining a person’s intelligence..D. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence... A. human brains differ considerably. B. the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligence4、. C. The Case of Peter and Mark. A. Measuring Your Intelligence. B. Intelligence and Environment. D. How the Brain Influences Intelligence5、. B. stays the same throughout his life. A. can be predicted at birth. D. is determined by his childhood. C. can be increased by education主观题29、Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts. These parts are labeled A, B, C, and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect.1. I have read the article on socialist realism appeared in yesterday’s paper.A B C D2. Some of us have to study their lessons more carefully if we expect to pass this examination.A B C D3. Nobody besides little children thinks that a trip by bus is exciting.A B C D4. They asked us, Henry and I, whether we thought that the statistics had been presentedfairly and accurately.A B C D5. The more the relative humidity reading rises, the worst the heat affects us.A B C D6. Just outside the ruins are a magnificent building surrounded by tall trees.A B C D7. It is not right to say that advertising is always for the good, as there are many occasion when it is the reverse.A B C D8. She approached me timidly from the farther end of the room, and trembling slightly, she satdown besides me.A B C D9. I persuaded him into accepting the offer, but he just wouldn’t listen to me.A B C D10. On entering the hotel, we immediately realized the reason for being so popular with tourists.A B C D参考答案：1-5 C B A A B 6-10 A D D B30、There is one incomplete passage with 15 blanks in this part. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Decide which of the choices would correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.In a telephone survey of more than 2000 adults，21% said they believed the sun revolved around the earth. An 1 7% did not know which revolved around 2. I have no doubt 3 all of these people were taught in school that the earth revolves around the sun; they may even have written it 4 a test. But they never 5 their incorrect mental models of planetary 6 because their every day observations didn’t support 7 their teachers told them: People see the sun “moving” 8 the sky as morning turns to night, and the earth seems stationary 9 that is happening.Students can learn the rightanswers 10 heart in class，and yet never combined them with their working models of the world. The objectively correct answer the professor accepts and the 11 personal understanding of the world can 12 side by side，each unaffected by the other.1. A. excessiveC. additional2. A. whatC. that3. A. virtuallyC. ideally4. A. onC. under5. A. formedC. believed6. A. operationC. motion7. A. howC. that8. A. aroundC. onB. extraD. addedB. whichD. whomB. remarkablyD. preferablyB. withD. forB. alteredD. thoughtB. positionD. locationB. whichD. whatB. acrossD. aboveOutside of class, the student continues to usethe 13 model because it has always worked well in that circumstance. Unless professorsaddress 14 errors in students’ personal models of the world，students are not 15 to replace them with the correct one.9. A. sinceC. while10. A. toC. in11. A. adult’sC. sci entist’s12. A. existC. survive13. A. privateC. personal14. A. generalC. similar15. A. obligedC. probableB. soD. forB. byD. withB. teacher’sD. student’sB. occurD. maintainB. individualD. ownB. naturalD. specificB. likelyD. partial参考答案：1-5 C B A A B 6-10 C D B C B 11-15 D A C D B31、Translate the following short passage into Chinese.Whole generations are growing up addicted to the telly. The telly is a universal pacifier. It is now standard practice for mother to keep the children quiet by putting them in the living-room and turning on the set. It doesn’t matter that the children will watch rubbishy commercials or spectacles of sadism and violence—so long as they are quiet.参考答案：电视成了一代一代人成长中不可缺少的东西。