河南省第八届翻译竞赛试题及参考译文英语专业组

英语专八考试翻译真题及参考答案英语专八考试翻译真题及参考答案英语专业八级考试，全称为全国高校英语专业八级考试。

自1991年起由中华人民共和国教育部实行，考察全国综合性大学英语专业学生。

下面为大家带来了英语专八考试翻译真题及参考答案，欢迎大家参考！1997年E-C原文:Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are inevitably the province(范围) of the rich unless we abdicate(退位、放弃) society’s power of choice. We can choose to make opera and other expensive forms of culture, accessible(易接近的，可达到的) to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? No body denies the imperatives(必要的)of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, man-kind stretched out a hand of not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse(冲动) towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation(表述、陈述)is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment(完成、成就) in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones(标准、试金石) for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire(立志、追求目标、渴望); they carry the most profound (深厚的、深刻的)messages that can be sent from one human to another.参考译文：欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈：你必须为此支付昂贵的票价。

河南省第五届翻译竞赛（专业组） （考试时间为120分钟） 一、汉译英（50%） 中国还没有形成勇于提问的风气 杨福家曾经与耶鲁大学校长莱文讨论为什么那么多的耶鲁校友回报母校，其中大多数是本科毕业生。

莱文的回答很简单：因为他们认为学校改变了自己的一生。

莱文举了一个美国8岁小孩的例子。

一天上课，这个小孩对老师说，你写的字拼错了。

老师说“真的吗？让我查一下字典”。

这位小孩立刻说“不必查，我保证你拼错了”。

这个敢于质疑老师的小孩不仅没有被批评，反而被校长在家长会和全校大会上表扬了。

杨福家特别感慨，这是中美文化的不同之处：美国孩子放学了，父母会问：你今天问了多少个问题；而中国孩子放学了，父母会问：你今天考了多少分。

在他看来，这也是为什么一直回答不了钱学森之问的原因之一。

“中国没有形成质疑的环境，孩子从小就不敢提问。

然而，没有问题就不会有创造。

”杨福家说。

————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————学校班级姓名准考证号………………………………………密……………………………………封………………………………………线………………………………………………………… 座位号————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————二、英译汉（50%）The Longevity Gap between Men and WomenA century ago American men outnumbered and outlived the women. But in the 20th century, women began living longer, primarily because pregnancy and childbirth had become less dangerous. The gap grew steadily. In 1946, for the first time ever in the United States, females outnumbered males.Part of the reasons are self-inflicted. Men smoke more than women, drink more and take more life-threatening chances. Men are murdered (usually by other men) three times as often as women are. They commit suicide at a higher rate and have more than twice as many fatal car accidents as women do. Men are more likely to be involved in alcohol-related fatalities.But behavior doesn't explain away the longevity gap. Nor is stress the answer.In the 1950s, as heart disease claimed more and more male victims, pressure in the corporate boardroom was blamed. Let women venture out of the home and into the line of fire, doctors said, and they would begin dying at the same rate as men. But a funny thing happened on the way to the funeral.Between 1950 and 1985, the percentage of employed women in the United States nearly doubled. Those working women, several studies have found; are as healthy as women at home.Today, some scientists studying the gender gap believe that the data point to one conclusion: Mother Nature may be partial to women.————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————。

专业英语八级（翻译）练习试卷1(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 5. TRANSLATIONPART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHDirections: Translate the following text into English.1．在逝去如飞的日子里，在千门万户的世界里的我能做些什么呢?只有徘徊罢了，只有匆匆罢了；在八千多日的匆匆里，除徘徊外，又剩些什么呢?过去的日子如轻烟却被微风吹散了，如薄雾。

被初阳蒸融了；我留着些什么痕迹呢?我何曾留着像游丝样的痕迹呢?我赤裸裸来到这世界，转眼间也将赤裸裸地回去罢?但不能平的，为什么偏要白白走这一遭啊? 你聪明的，告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢?正确答案：What can I do，in this bustling World，with my clays flying in their escape? Nothing but to hesitate, to rush．What have I been doing in that eight-thousand-day rush，apart from hesitating? Those bygone days have been dispersed as smoke by a light wind，or evaporated as mist by the morning sun. What traces have I left behind me? Have I ever left behind any gossamer traces at all? I have come to the world，stark-naked; am I to g0 back，in a blink，in the same stark-nakedness? It is not fair though: why should I have made such a trip for nothing!解析：首句中，“逝去如飞的日子里”可以直接按字面翻译，即days flying in their escape。

2012年河南省翻译竞赛翻译竞赛英译中参赛原文Over-regulated AmericaThe home of laissez-faire is being suffocated by excessive and badly written regulationAmericans love to laugh at ridiculous regulations. A Florida law requires vending-machine labels to urge the public to file a report if the label is not there. The Federal Railroad Administration insists that all trains must be painted with an “F” at the front, so you can tell which end is which. Bureaucratic busybodies in Bethesda, Maryland, have shut down children’s lemon ade stands because the enterprising young moppets did not have trading licences. The list goes hilariously on.But red tape in America is no laughing matter. The problem is not the rules that are self-evidently absurd. It is the ones that sound reasonable on their own but impose a huge burden collectively. America is meant to be the home of laissez-faire. Unlike Europeans, whose lives have long been circumscribed by meddling governments and diktats from Brussels, Americans are supposed to be free to choose, for better or for worse. Yet for some time America has been straying from this ideal.Consider the Dodd-Frank law of 2010. Its aim was noble: to prevent another financial crisis. Its strategy was sensible, too: improve transparency, stop banks from taking excessive risks, prevent abusive financial practices and end “too big to fail” by authorising regulators to seize any big, tottering financial firm and wind it down. This newspaper supported these goals at the time, and we still do. But Dodd-Frank is far too complex, and becoming more so. At 848 pages, it is 23 times longer than Glass-Steagall, the reform that followed the Wall Street crash of 1929. Worse, every other page demands that regulators fill in further detail. Some of these clarifications are hundreds of pages long. Just one bit, the “Volcker rule”, which aims to curb risky proprietary trading by banks, includes 383 questions that break down into 1,420 subquestions.Hardly anyone has actually read Dodd-Frank. Those who have struggle to make sense of it, not because so much detail has yet to be filled in: of the 400 rules it mandates, only 93 have been finalised. So financial firms in America must prepare to comply with a law that is partly unintelligible and partly unknowable. Flaming water-skisDodd-Frank is part of a wider trend. Governments of both parties keep adding stacks of rules, few of which are ever rescinded. Republicans write rules to thwart terrorists, which make flying in America an ordeal and prompt legions of brainy migrants to move to Canada instead. Democrats write rules to expand the welfare state. Barack Obama’s health-care reform of 2010 had many virtues, especially its attempt to make health insurance universal. But it does little to reduce the system’s staggering and increasing complexity. Every hour spent treating a patient in America creates at least 30 minutes of paperwork, and often a whole hour. Next year the number of federally mandated categories of illness and injury for which hospitals may claim reimbursement will rise from 18,000 to 140,000. There are nine codes relating to injuries caused by parrots, and three relating to burns from flaming water-skis.Two forces make American laws too complex. One is hubris. Many lawmakers seem to believe that they can lay down rules to govern every eventuality. Examples range from the merely annoying (eg, a proposed code for nurseries in Colorado that specifies how many crayons each box must contain) to the delusional (eg, the conceit of Dodd-Frank that you can anticipate and banevery nasty trick financiers will dream up in the future). Far from preventing abuses, complexity creates loopholes that the shrewd can abuse with impunity.The other force that makes American laws complex is lobbying. The government’s drive to micromanage so many activities creates a huge incentive for interest groups to push for special favours. When a bill is hundreds of pages long, it is not hard for congressmen to slip in clauses that benefit their chums and campaign donors. The health-care bill included tons of favours for the pushy. Congress’s last, failed attempt to regulate greenhouse gases was even worse.Complexity costs money. Sarbanes-Oxley, a law aimed at preventing Enron-style frauds, has made it so difficult to list shares on an American stockmarket that firms increasingly look elsewhere or stay private. America’s share of initial public offerings fell from 67% in 2002 (when Sarbox passed) to 16% last year, despite some benign tweaks to the law. A study for the Small Business Administration, a government body, found that regulations in general add $10,585 in costs per employee. It’s a wonder the jobless rate isn’t even higher than it is.A plea for simplicityDemocrats pay lip service to the need to slim the rulebook –Mr Obama’s regulations tsar i s supposed to ensure that new rules are cost-effective. But the administration has a bias towards overstating benefits and underestimating costs (see article). Republicans bluster that they will repeal Obamacare and Dodd-Frank and abolish whole government agencies, but give only a sketchy idea of what should replace them.America needs a smarter approach to regulation. First, all important rules should be subjected to cost-benefit analysis by an independent watchdog. The results should be made public before the rule is enacted. All big regulations should also come with sunset clauses, so that they expire after, say, ten years unless Congress explicitly re-authorises them.More important, rules need to be much simpler. When regulators try to write an all-purpose instruction manual, the truly important dos and don’ts are lost in an ocean of verbiage. Far better to lay down broad goals and prescribe only what is strictly necessary to achieve them. Legislators should pass simple rules, and leave regulators to enforce them.Would this hand too much power to unelected bureaucrats? Not if they are made more accountable. Unreasonable judgments should be subject to swift appeal. Regulators who make bad decisions should be easily sackable. None of this will resolve the inevitable difficulties of regulating a complex modern society. But it would mitigate a real danger: that regulation may crush the life out of America’s economy.选自The Economist, Feb 18th-24th, p8翻译竞赛中译英参赛原文“悦读”的“姿势”从一定意义说，一个民族的发展史就是它的阅读史，一个人亦如此。

河南省第八届翻译竞赛试题及参考译文笔译类英语专业组I. Translate the Following Passage into Chinese (50 Points)：Life of SocratesSocrates was born in Athens, 469 B. C., the son of poor parents, his father being a sculptor, his mother a midwife. How he acquired an education, we do not know, but his love of knowledge evidently created opportunities in the cultured city for intellectual growth. He took up the occupation of his father, but soon felt “a divine vocation to examine himself by questioning other men.”It was his custom to engage in converse with all sorts and conditions of men and women, on the streets, in the market-place, in the gymnasia, discussing the most diverse topics: war, politics, marriage, friendship, love, housekeeping, the arts and trades, poetry, religion, science, and, particularly, moral matters.Nothing human was foreign to him. Life with all its interests became the subject of his inquiries, and only the physical side of the world left him cold; he declared that he could learn nothing from trees and stones. He was subtle and keen, quick to discover the fallacies in an argument and skillful in steering the conversation to the very heart of the matter. Though kindly and gentle in disposition, and brimming over with good humor, he delighted in exposing the quacks and humbugs of his time and pricking their empty bubbles with his wit.Socrates exemplified in his conduct the virtues which he taught: he was a man of remarkable self-control, magnanimous, noble, frugal, and capable of great endurance; and his wants were few. He gave ample proof, during his life of seventy years, of physical and moral courage in war and in the performance of his political duties. Condemned by his own people, on a false charge of atheism and of corrupting the youth, to drink the poison hemlock (399 B. C.), he died as beautifully as he lived.参考译文：苏格拉底的生平（1分）1苏格拉底于公元前469年生于雅典，父母是穷人。

专业英语八级（翻译）练习试卷3(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 5. TRANSLATIONPART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHDirections: Translate the following text into English.1．择书比择友简单得多。

不擅辞令、厌恶应酬的人，可以自由自在地徜徉于书林之中，游目四顾，俯拾皆友。

看书，可以博览，可以细嚼，没有人会怪你喜新厌旧，也没有人要求你从一而终。

你大可以从一本书换到另一本，喜爱的书，不妨一读再读；不耐看的书，又可随手抛下，谁也不会因此而伤心失望。

人际关系错综复杂，那“书际关系”呢?只要花点时间去了解，再高深的学问也弄得明白。

正确答案：It is much easier to choose a book than a friend. One who is poor at speech and shuns socializing will nevertheless feel like being surrounded by friends while sauntering freely in the midst of book. Books can be read cursorily, or chewed and digested. None will ever call you fickle-minded, and none will ever demand that you be constant in your affection. You can go from one book to another. And you can read your favorite book over and over again. When you lay aside the book you dislike, none will ever feet hurt or disappointed. While interpersonal relations are most complicated, what about your relations with books? Devote your time to studies, and you will be able to acquire any knowledge no matter how profound it is.解析：这段材料选自金圣华的《书与人》，题材有关读书之乐，是说明文体，用词讲究，出现了四字成语，因此正确领会原文含义，将意思既完整地翻译又符合英语表达习惯是重中之重。

大学专业英语八级翻译类模拟试卷TRANSLATION1、如果“义”代表一种伦理的人生态度，“利”代表一种功利的人生态度，那么，我所说的“情”便代表一种审美的人生态度。

它主张率性而行，适情而止，每个人都保持自己的真性情。

你不是你所信奉的教义，也不是你所占有的物品，你之为你仅在于你的真实“自我”。

生命的意义不在于奉献或占有，而在创造，创造就是人的真性情的积极展开，是人在实现其本质力量时所获得的情感上的满足。

2、当今世界正处在深刻变革与调整之中。

多极化和全球化继续深入发展，国与国之间互相联系日益紧密，利益交融，休戚与共。

求和平、谋发展、促合作仍是这个时代不可阻挡的潮流。

然而，我们也应看到，世界仍然不安宁，局部冲突和热点问题此起彼伏；全球经济失衡加剧，南北差距持续扩大；气候变化、能源和资源等问题十分突出。

应对挑战，维护和平，促进发展已成为国际社会面临的紧迫而艰巨的任务。

3、有时候，我想，一个秘密对自己亲人隐瞒长达十几年乃至一辈子，这是不公平的。

但如果不这样，你的国家就有可能不存在，起码有不存在的危险，不公平似乎也只有让他不公平了。

多少年来，我就是这样想的，或许也只有这样想，我才能理解珍弟，否则珍弟就是一个梦，白日梦，睁眼梦，梦里的梦，恐怕连擅长释梦的他自己都难以理解这个奇特又漫长的梦了……4、为了看日出，我常常早起。

那时天还没有大亮，周围非常清静，船上只有机器的响声。

天空还是一片浅蓝，颜色很浅。

转眼间天边出现了一道红霞，慢慢地在扩大它的范围，加强它的亮光。

我知道太阳要从天边升起来了，便目不转眼地望着那里。

果然过了一会儿，在那个地方出现了太阳的小半边脸，红是真红，却没有亮光。

这个太阳好像负着重荷似地一步一步、慢慢地努力上升，到了最后，终于冲破了云霞，完全跳出了海面，颜色红得非常可爱。

5、中国民俗文化村是国内第一个荟萃各民族的民间、民俗风情和民居建筑于一园的大型文化游览区。

它坐落在风光秀丽的深圳湾畔，占地18万平方米。

专业英语八级汉译英（记叙文类）强化练习试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 5. TRANSLATIONPART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHDirections: Translate the following text into English.1．乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。

但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。

晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说：“有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。

我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。

”钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。

乔羽说：“钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是约趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛到一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。

”正确答案：Qiao Yu liked fishing in his late years. He said, “Mostly speaking, a place with water and fish is necessarily blessed with a nice setting, which in return keeps people in good mood. The best places for fishing, it seems to me, are not those commercial fishing centers which provide you with all the conveniences and where fish are kept hungry for ready capture, but attractive natural water bodies in out-of-the-way places. “ Fishing is an outdoor sport that can help cultivate your mind and it is good for our mental and physical health. Qiao Yu claimed, “There are three states for fishing. The first state is for fish only. The second one is both for eating fish and for the pleasure of fishing. The third one is just for the pleasure of fishing. When facing a pool of green water, you forget all your worries and annoyance and enjoy a good rest, both mentally and physically. “解析：1．第二段第一句中“晚年的”可以翻译为in one’s late years或in one’sold age。

There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend. TEM8(1999) Translate the following underlined part of the text into Chinese: In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places. In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category.
构成了我们全部努力的试金石。作为试 思想和想象力可及程度的试金石。它们

2015年河南省翻译竞赛试题（专业组）参考译文I. Translate the Following Passage into Chinese (50 Points):人类与地球（1分）《创世纪》里有许多故事，是说人类想扮演上帝的角色，最终受到惩罚。

（2分）然而，在这个科学至上的时代，人类正在越来越多地行使着上帝的权力。

（3分）我们人类对地球上的所有生物拥有无可挑战的统治权。

（2分）为了满足自己的需求，我们改变了地球的面貌，把森林夷为平地，将广袤的草原开垦为农田。

（3分）在陆地上，大部分的生产力都贡献给我们，用以满足我们对食物、燃料和纺织品的需求。

在海洋上，人们昼夜不停地撒网捕捞，获取人类大脑和身体发育所需的鱼油及蛋白质。

（5分）因此，人类在进化史上显然已经获得了前所未有的成就。

（3分）然而，这一重大成就也有其负面影响。

（2分）人类统治地球的时代对整个生物圈来说是一场大的灾难。

（4分）我们改造了地球，让它为我们提供食物和燃料，但同时把所有和我们争夺资源的生物推到了灭绝的边缘。

（3分）然而最令人惊讶的是，我们给地球带来了巨大的改变，却对此毫无意识，并且还悠然自得。

（3分）即便是那些最主张环境保护的人士对我们人类角色的真实作用也躲闪回避，他们曾经希望消失了的野生物种有一天能够恢复如初。

（3分）有一些人否认气候变化，他们的观点占了上风，多多少少是由于社会上有一种舆论导向，认为人类只是这个庞大星球上极其微小的一份子，无论我们做什么都不会影响到整个地球。

这个观点就像一股强大的文化暗流，在一定程度上对否认气候变化者的观点起到了推波助澜的作用。

（7分）确实，我们可能阻止不了地震和海啸，（2分）但是强有力的科学证据表明，我们对这个星球上庞大的生物地球化学循环所进行的干涉，正在迅速威胁到地球本身，从而也威胁到我们人类这个物种的生存。

（6分）II. Translate the Following Passage into English (50 Points):Self-confidence and Success（1分）“Some might think that I was asking for trouble.（2分）Others evensaid “You can live very comfortably in the rest of your life even you do not read for the doctorial degree(even without a doctor degree) since you have won so many honors and prides.（5分） Even if you go to read for the doctorialdegree (go for a doctorate), it is not necessary for you to work so hard.（3分）You might as well hire someone to write a doctorial desert for you.”（3分） But my purpose of going to university is to fulfill my dream of my learning at the university instead of “getting gilded”.（3分） While communicating with foreign friends, I deeply felt my insufficient knowledge and obstacles in communication. （3分）Though with a poor foundation in English, I don’t want to take an easy way or a short-cut, not to mention that I am in such internationally famous (well-known) universities as Tsinghua and Cambridge, which enjoy a high reputation for their rigorous scholarship and in which no cheating is tolerable. （6分）Jiaozi (dumplings) might be quickly-frozen, but talents cannot be produced by crash courses.（3分）Deng Yaping’s gift has not cont ributed much to her success in her studies and glory in playing Pingpang (table-tennis). （4分）On the contrary, in both her studies and Pingpang (table-tennis) career, it is her fortitudinous (indomitable) will and up-and-coming attitudes towards life that helped her overcome difficulties and win one golden prize after another in her life. （6分）It was in her second year of her doctorial study at Cambridge when Deng Yapiing, as mentioning her study, said, “It is hard, too hard for me. I feel great pressure on me. （5分）I am straining myself all day long so I feel extremelytired.（2分） But I should be grateful to the experience of being a student for it has brought me to a new world and found the new value in me……”（4分）Struggle, struggle and struggle! No matter as an athlete or a student, Deng Yaping is almost too rigorous to herself: “I have to be successful. I have no excuse of failure.” It is the demonstration of her self-confidence.--。

第八届CASIO杯翻译竞赛英语组原文How Writers Build the BrandBy Tony Perrottet As every author knows,writing a book is the easy part these days.It’s when the publication date looms that we have to roll up our sleeves and tackle the real literary labor:rabid self-promotion.For weeks beforehand,we are compelled to bombard every friend,relative and vague acquaintance with creative e-mails and Facebook alerts,polish up our Web sites with suspiciously youthful author photos,and,in an orgy of blogs,tweets and YouTube trailers,attempt to inform an already inundated world of our every reading,signing,review,interview and(well,one can dream!)TV -appearance.In this era when most writers are expected to do everything but run the printing presses,self-promotion is so accepted that we hardly give it a second thought.And yet, whenever I have a new book about to come out,I have to shake the unpleasant sensation that there is something unseemly about my own clamor for attention. Peddling my work like a Viagra salesman still feels at odds with the high calling of literature.In such moments of doubt,I look to history for reassurance.It’s always comforting to be reminded that literary whoring—I mean,self-marketing—has been practiced by the greats.The most revered of French novelists recognized the need for P.R.“For artists, the great problem to solve is how to get oneself noticed,”Balzac observed in“Lost Illusions,”his classic novel about literary life in early19th-century Paris.As another master,Stendhal,remarked in his autobiography“Memoirs of an Egotist,”“Great success is not possible without a certain degree of shamelessness,and even of out-and-out charlatanism.”Those words should be on the Authors Guild coat of arms.Hemingway set the modern gold standard for inventive self-branding,burnishing his image with photo ops from safaris,fishing trips and war zones.But he also posed for beer ads.In1951,Hem endorsed Ballantine Ale in a double-page spread in Lifemagazine,complete with a shot of him looking manly in his Havana abode.As recounted in“Hemingway and the Mechanism of Fame,”edited by Matthew J. Bruccoli and Judith S.Baughman,he proudly appeared in ads for Pan Am and Parker pens,selling his name with the abandon permitted to Jennifer Lopez or LeBron James today.Other American writers were evidently inspired.In1953,John Steinbeck also began shilling for Ballantine,recommending a chilled brew after a hard day’s labor in the fields.Even Vladimir Nabokov had an eye for self-marketing,subtly suggesting to photo editors that they feature him as a lepidopterist prancing about the forests in cap, shorts and long socks.(“Some fascinating photos might be also taken of me,a burly but agile man,stalking a rarity or sweeping it into my net from a flowerhead,”he enthused.)Across the pond,the Bloomsbury set regularly posed for fashion shoots in British Vogue in the1920s.The frumpy Virginia Woolf even went on a“Pretty Woman”-style shopping expedition at French couture houses in London with the magazine’s fashion editor in1925.But the tradition of self-promotion predates the camera by millenniums.In440 B.C.or so,a first-time Greek author named Herodotus paid for his own book tour around the Aegean.His big break came during the Olympic Games,when he stood up in the temple of Zeus and declaimed his“Histories”to the wealthy,influential crowd. In the12th century,the clergyman Gerald of Wales organized his own book party in Oxford,hoping to appeal to college audiences.According to“The Oxford Book of Oxford,”edited by Jan Morris,he invited scholars to his lodgings,where he plied them with good food and ale for three days,along with long recitations of his golden prose.But they got off easy compared with those invited to the“Funeral Supper”of the18th-century French bon vivant Grimod de la Reynière,held to promote his opus “Reflections on Pleasure.”The guests’curiosity turned to horror when they found themselves locked in a candlelit hall with a catafalque for a dining table,and were served an endless meal by black-robed waiters while Grimod insulted them as an audience watched from the balcony.When the diners were finally released at7a.m., they spread word that Grimod was mad—and his book quickly went through three -printings.Such pioneering gestures pale,however,before the promotional stunts of the 19th century.In“Crescendo of the Virtuoso:Spectacle,Skill,and Self-Promotion in Paris During the Age of Revolution,”the historian Paul Metzner notes that new technology led to an explosion in the number of newspapers in Paris,creating an array of publicity options.In“Lost Illusions,”Balzac observes that it was standard practice in Paris to bribe editors and critics with cash and lavish dinners to secure review space, while the city was plastered with loud posters advertising new releases.In1887,Guy de Maupassant sent up a hot-air balloon over the Seine with the name of his latest short story,“Le Horla,”painted on its side.In1884,Maurice Barrès hired men to wear sandwich boards promoting his literary review,Les Taches d’Encre.In1932, Colette created her own line of cosmetics sold through a Paris store.(This first venture into literary name-licensing was,tragically,a flop).American authors did try to keep up.Walt Whitman notoriously wrote his own anonymous reviews,which would not be out of place today on Amazon.“An American bard at last!”he raved in1855.“Large,proud,affectionate,eating,drinking and breeding,his costume manly and free,his face sunburnt and bearded.”But nobody could quite match the creativity of the Europeans.Perhaps the most astonishing P.R.stunt—one that must inspire awe among authors today—was plotted in Paris in1927by Georges Simenon,the Belgian-born author of the Inspector Maigret novels.For100,000francs,the wildly prolific Simenon agreed to write an entire novel while suspended in a glass cage outside the Moulin Rouge nightclub for 72hours.Members of the public would be invited to choose the novel’s characters, subject matter and title,while Simenon hammered out the pages on a typewriter.A newspaper advertisement promised the result would be“a record novel:record speed, record endurance and,dare we add,record talent!”It was a marketing coup.As Pierre Assouline notes in“Simenon:A Biography,”journalists in Paris“talked of nothing else.”As it happens,Simenon never went through with the glass-cage stunt,because the newspaper financing it went bankrupt.Still,he achieved huge publicity(and got to pocket25,000francs of the advance),and the idea took on a life of its own.It wassimply too good a story for Parisians to drop.For decades,French journalists would describe the Moulin Rouge event in elaborate detail,as if they had actually attended it. (The British essayist Alain de Botton matched Simenon’s chutzpah,if not quite his glamour,a few years ago when he set up shop in Heathrow for a week and became the airport’s first“writer in residence.”But then he actually got a book out of it,along with prime placement in Heathrow’s bookshops.)What lessons can we draw from all this?Probably none,except that even the most egregious act of self-¬promotion will be forgiven in time.So writers today should take heart.We could dress like Lady Gaga and hang from a cage at a Yankees game—if any of us looked as good near-naked,that is.On second thought,maybe there’s a reason we have agents to rein in our P.R. ideas.第八届CASIO杯翻译竞赛英语组获奖译文（英语组）看作家如何打造品牌托尼·佩罗泰特[1]正如每位作家都知道的，现如今，写书本身并不是件难事，倒是临近出版之前，我们才需要打起精神、全力以赴地应对真正的文字工作，即疯狂的自我宣传。

(考试时间为120分钟)一、汉译英（50%）空巢老人在中国，我们会经常看到对“空巢老人”的报道，这些老人因为没有子女在身边，过着孤独的生活。

其实，英国也存在这种现象。

我就曾遇见过一位孤独的英国老人。

诺瓦克太太是位波兰人，在英国已生活了六十多年，说她是英国本土人也不为过。

我是在自己打工的那家超市认识她的。

那是一家在英国很有名的超市，每个星期五晚上超市都会有一些快过期的食物打折出售，而诺瓦克太太每周五晚都会出现在超市里。

我打工的时间刚好是每周五晚上和周六白天，所以我们就这么认识了。

二、英译汉（50%）The English WordsThe foreign student of English may be discouraged and dismayed when he learns that there are over 400,000 words in the English language, without counting slang. But let him take courage. More than half of these words are dead. They are not in current use. Even Shakespeare used a vocabulary of only some 20,000 words. The average Englishman today probably has a vocabulary range of from 12,000 to 13,000 words. It is good to make your vocabulary as complete as you can, but a great deal can be said and written with a vocabulary of no more than 10,000 words. The important thing is to have a good control and command over the words you do know. Better know two words exactly than three vaguely. A good carpenter is not distinguished by the number of his tools, but by the craftsmanship with which he uses them. So a good writer is not measured by the extent of his vocabulary.参考答案:一、汉译英Empty NestersIn China, empty nesters, or lonely senior citizens without their adult children living at home, are often reported. In fact, it is also true in Britain where I once met a lonely elderly lady.Mrs. Novak, a Polish, was better called a British for she had been living in Britain for over 60 years. I got to know her in the supermarket where I worked. It was a very famous supermarket where discount foods close to expiration were sold on Friday nights when Mrs. Novak would always appear. I worked on Friday nights and Saturdays, and that was how we met.二、英译汉英语单词英语有四十多万单词——这还不包括俚语。

专业英语八级英译汉（小品文类）强化练习试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 5. TRANSLATIONPART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESEDirections: Translate the following text into Chinese.1．The art of pleasing is a very necessary one to possess; but a very difficult one to acquire. It can hardly be reduced to rules; and your own good sense and observation will teach you more of it than I can. Do as you would be done by, is the surest method that I know of pleasing. Observe carefully what pleases you in others, and probably the same things in you will please others. If you are pleased with the complaisance and attention of others to your humors, your tastes, or your weaknesses, depend upon it, the same complaisance and attention, on your part, to theirs, will equally please them. Take the tone of the company, that you are in, and do not pretend to give it; be serious, gay, or even trifling, as you find the present humor of the company: this is an attention due from every individual to the majority. Do not tell stories in company; there is nothing more tedious and disagreeable ; if by chance you know a very short story, and exceedingly applicable to the present subject of conversation, tell it in as few words as possible, and even then, throw out that you do not love to tell stores, but that the shortness of it tempted you.正确答案：己所不欲，勿施于人，据我所知这是取悦于人的最稳妥的方法。

第九届河南省翻译竞赛试题——英语专业组I. Translate the Following Passage into Chinese. (50 Points)When I got home after my 27th birthday party late last year, I sobbed. I cried because I was drunk. I cried because my boyfriend – away on work –hadn’t bothered to send me a card or a present, then he shouted at me for crying, then he dumped me. I cried because I had reached the age I had thought was ancient when I was a child (I remember thinking when I was 10 that by 27 I will probably have traveled around the world, had a hit single, married Prince William and had a baby).Now, as if I didn’t fell closer to death already, Soho House said it will “actively discourage” anyone 27 and over from joining. I am not quite sure what this will achieve. On my first visit to Soho House (I was 24 and terminally unimpressed), I saw an actress from a teen soap flirting disgustingly with an old, ugly man who I presumed must do something big in TV – this is the type of young person who thinks Soho House is a good place to hang out.The kind of youth injection Soho House needs – perhaps an Arctic Monkey or two and a couple of grim MCs–would lose all their credibility by signing that membership form. So I’m pleased to say that I have no interest in joining Soho House (at least not until I’m 37) –that makes me feel young, even if they think I’m too old.In fact, how can I be too old? I still can’t drive. I still don’t know the difference between a Chardonnay and a Riesling and I still don’t know when to stop drinking either of them. I still don’t bother to cleanse, tone and moisturize. At Christmas gatherings, I still refer to aunts and uncles as “the grown-ups”.II. Translate the Following Passage into English. (50 Points)艺术是人们现实生活和精神世界的形象反映，是艺术家知觉、情感、理想、意念综合心理活动的有机产物。

专业英语八级考试翻译真题及参照答案1.英译汉I thought that it was a Sunday morning in May;that it was Easter Sunday，and as yet very early in the morning.I was standing，as it seemed to me，at the door of my own cottage.Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation，but exalted, as was usual，and solemnized by the power of dreams. There were the same mountains，and the same lovely valley at their feet; but the mountains were raised to more than Alpine height，and there was interspaced far larger between them of savannahs and forest lawns;the hedges were rich with white roses;and no living creature was to be seen, excepting that in the green churchyard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the verdant graves，and particularly round about the grave of a child whom I had once tenderly loved， just as I had really seen them，a little before sunrise，in the same summer when that child died.我想那是五月的一个周日的清早;那天是复生节，一个大清早上。

专业英语八级（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 4. TRANSLATIONPART IV TRANSLATION1．我想不起来哪一个熟人没有手机。

今天没有手机的人是奇怪的，这种人才需要解释。

我们的所有社会关系都储存在手机的电话本里，可以随时调出使用。

古代只有巫师才能拥有这种法宝。

手机刷新了人与人的关系。

会议室门口通常贴着一条通告：请与会者关闭手机。

可是会议室里的手机铃声仍然响成一片。

我们都是普通人，并没有多少重要的事情。

尽管如此，我们也不会轻易关掉手机。

打开手机象征我们与这个世界的联系。

手机反映出我们的“社交饥渴症”。

最为常见的是，一个人走着走着突然停下来，眼睛盯着手机屏幕发短信。

他不在乎停在马路中央还是厕所旁边。

为什么对于手机来电和短信这么在乎?因为我们迫切渴望与社会保持联系。

正确答案：Cell phone has altered the relationship among people. There is usually a notice on the door of the meeting room, which reads, “ Please turn off your cell phone. “ However, phones ring now and then when the meeting goes on. We are but ordinary people and have few urgencies to tackle with. Nevertheless, we will not switch off our phones easily. Phones-on symbolizes our connecting with this world. Obviously, cell phones have been reflecting our “ thirst for socialization”. We are very familiar with the scene that a person suddenly stops his or her steps to edit short messages with eyes glued at the phone screen, not caring about his or her stopping in the road center or beside the restroom.解析：1．画线部分第一句中的“刷新”，在这里实际指“改变”，而并非我们平常所指的含义，因此不宜译成refurbished或renovated，翻译为altered或changed更恰当。

专业英语八级英译汉（小品文类）强化练习试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 5. TRANSLATIONPART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESEDirections: Translate the following text into Chinese.1．Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting products of human effort. Temples and statues decay, but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their authors’ minds, ages ago. What was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page. The only effect of time has been to sift out the bad products for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good. Books introduce us into the best society; they bring us into the presence of the greatest minds that have ever lived. We hear what they said and did; we see them as if they were really alive; we sympathize with them, enjoy with them, grieve with them; their experience becomes ours, and we feel as if we were, in a measure, actors with them in the scenes which they describe.正确答案：书籍具有不朽的灵魂。