高考英语专题讲座之阅读理解

专题讲座阅读理解不少同学反映:“老师，做阅读理解题时，我对文章的语句完全能看懂，可是选答案时却总出错，您讲一讲阅读技巧吧!”有些老师在读过一篇文章后发现自己的判断与答案有出入时，也深感技巧方面出了故障，经过归纳，大体有如下说法：要学会抓主旨大意；能够略去不必要的信息；会掠读、跳读、不必回读；能够根据题干及作者的意图在文章中快速搜寻有关信息……上述表述，应当说没有错误，但学生们实践后往往收效甚微。

为什么?因为这些方法没有抓住中学生英语学习的现实和实质。

目前中学生的词汇学习量不足2000词（初中1200、高中750），学生真正掌握并能运用的词汇量则更少。

教学大纲规定阅读量至多20万词，然而目前高考英语试卷的词汇要求为3000～3500词左右（含派生、转化及合成）。

以不足2000词的词汇量去读3500词为底线的文章，肯定读不深吃不透，在此基础上用什么技巧和思路也只能是一个字----“猜”。

自然无准确性可言了。

作为一名英语学习者，要想突破阅读关，在高考中拿高分，要解决“三量”，即词汇量----词；阅读量----35万词，也即1000篇300余词的短文；阅读质量----能本着信达雅的原则用中文说出文意。

1．词汇量词汇量的3500词包括常见词及词组和日常会话中的单词、词组，最常见的涉及文化、科普、政治、经济，甚至军事的词。

同时还要会认、会用派生，包括前缀和后缀。

比如近年高考中就出现过的inexpensive，unthinkable，computerize。

要真正做到会认、会用，就必须多读文章，细读文章，在大量认读中逐步加深前后缀的印象，逐步积累生词。

平日学习新词时，要善于运用不同方法加强记忆，扩大词汇量。

比如可以采用摘葡萄法、归纳法、联想法等。

摘葡萄法就是把相互联系的词串到一起，比如当我们学习shoulder时，应联想到arm，elbow，wrist，fist，hand，palm，finger，thumb，index，finger，middle，finger，ring，finger，little，finger，甚至foe。

2023年高考备考研讨会学习心得•一让英语教学回归语言本质20XX年X月X日，XX省教科院举办了全省2023 年高考备考线上研讨会。

上午八点四十举行了开幕式，接下来分学科进行了专题讲座。

作为一名承担高三教学任务的一线教师，我全程参与了本次研讨会，认真聆听了XX老师的讲座《高考命题新趋势高三教学新模式》。

通过本次讲座的学习，使我对《中国高考评价体系》有了更清晰的认识，同时也对高考英语改革有了更加深刻的感悟。

XX老师的讲座共分为六个板块，包括英语课程改革和考试改革，高考命题规律与命题趋势，听说读写典型课例与创新教法。

下面我结合X老师的讲座内容以及自己的感悟做以下总结：一、高考英语应该怎样考自从新课程标准颁布以来，英语考试的模式有了很大的变化。

它改变了以往过度重视语法知识考查的模式，加大了对学生英语语言能力的考查力度。

同时，在新颁布的《中国高考评价体系中》，明确提出了“一过“多轮回”方式巩固，即每次记忆量要大，比如每天100个，结合联想、顺口溜、图片等智慧方法，强化记忆，然后几天后再轮回复习，以增加复现次数，强化记忆效果。

(3)阅读篇章，提高语境识别词汇的能力平时在训练的过程中，会读到很多阅读理解、完 形填空的篇章，在这些文章中对自己不熟悉的词汇有 意识地进行归纳、梳理和总结，甚至用小本子记录下 来，最后标明出处，带上完整的句子，时常查看，提 高语境识别词汇的能力。

2核心语法，构建网络，不纠缠“偏难怪”词法、句法、章法是语法的灵魂，对于这三个要 素要形成体系，不要支离破碎地学习，尽量掌握核心 内容，不要把重心放在“偏难怪”且有争议的语法现 象上。

可以制作一个语法知识本，以梳理核心语法知 识，形成自己的知识网络，进而提升借助语法进行阅 读和写作的能力。

如牢记常见的不可数名词，如adv i ce, equ i pment, ev i dence, fun, furn i ture,i nformat i on, Iuck,Iuggage/baggage, progress 等牢记核心的词形变化，如 warm 一warmth, argue —argument, strong — strength, just — just i ce, unjust 一i n j ust i ce, exp lain 一exp I anat i on 等。

应对区爱护学校2014高考英语阅读理解专题训练极品题（18）及答案社会生活类---Andrew Ritchie, inventor of the Brompton folding bicycle, once said that the perfect portable bike would be“like a magic carpet. . . You could fold it up and put it into your pocket or handbag”. Then he paused: “But you’ll always be limited by the size of the wheels. And so far no one has invented a folding wheel. “It was a rare—indeed unique—occasion when I was able to put Ritchie right. A 19th-century inventor, William Henry James Grout, did in fact design a folding wheel. His bike, predictably named the Grout Portable, had a frame that split into two and a larger wheel that could be separated into four pieces. All the bits fitted into Grout’s Wonderful Bag, a leather case.Grout’s aim:to solve the problems of carrying a bike on a train. Now doesn’t that sound familiar? Grout intended to find a way of making a bike small enough for train travel: his bike was a huge beast. And importantly, the design of early bicycles gave him an advantage: in Grout’s day, tyres were solid, which made the business of splitting a wheel into four separate parts relatively simple. You couldn’t do the same with a wheel fitted with a one-piece inflated (充气的) tyre. So, in a 21st-century context, is the idea of the folding wheel dead? It is not. A British design engineer, Duncan Fitzsimons, has developed a wheel that can be squashed into something like a slender ellipse (椭圆). Throughout, the tyre remains inflated.Will the young Fitzsimons’s folding wheel make it into production? I haven’t the foggiest idea.But his inventiveness shows two things. First, people have been saying for more than a century that bike design has reached its limit, except for gradual advances. It’s as silly a concept now as it was 100 years ago: there’s plent y still to go for. Second, it is in the field of folding bikes that we are seeing the most interesting inventions. You can buy a folding bike for less than ￡1, 000 that can be knocked down so small that it can be carried on a plane—minus wheels, of course—as hand baggage.Folding wheels would make all manner of things possible. Have we yet got the magic carpet of Andrew Ritchie’s imagination? No. But it’s progress.1. We can infer from Paragraph 1 that the Brompton folding bike .A. was portableB. had a folding wheelC. could be put in a pocketD. looked like a magic carpet2. We can learn from the text that the wheels of the Grout Portable .A. were difficult to separateB. could be split into 6 piecesC. were fitted with solid tyresD. were hard to carry on a train3. We can learn from the text that Fitzsimons’s invention .A. kept the tyre as a whole pieceB. was made into production soonC. left little room for improvementD. changed our views on bag design4. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Three folding bike inventorsB. The making of a folding bikeC. Progress in folding bike designD. Ways of separating a bike wheel【参考答案】55.1-4 ACAC专题讲座——阅读理解之细节理解题(2012·大纲全国卷Ⅰ，C)Last night I was driving from Harrisburg to Lewisburg, a distance of about eighty miles.It was late.Several times I got stuck behind a slow­moving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left，and I became increasingly impatient.At one point along an open road，I came to a crossing with a traffic light.I was alone on the road by now，but as I drove near the light，it turned red and I made a stop.I looked left，right and behind me.Nothing.Not a car，no suggestion of car lamps， but there I sat，waiting for the light to change，the only human being for at least a mile in any direction.I started wondering why I refused to run the light.I was not afraid of being caught，because there was clearly no policeman around，and there certainly would have been no danger in going through it.Much later that night，the question of why I'd stopped for that light came back to me.I think I stopped because it’s part of a contract(契约) we all have with each other.It’s not only the law，but it’s an agreement we ha ve，and we trust each other to honor it：we don’t go throughred lights.Trust is our first inclination (倾向)．Doubting others does not seem to be natural to us.The whole construction of our society depends on mutual(相互) trust，not distrust.We do what we say we’ll do；we show up when we say we’ll show up；and we pay when we say we’ll pay.We trust each other in these matters，and we’re angry or disappointed with the person or organization that breaks the trust we have in them.I was so proud of myself for stopping for the red light that night.1．Why did the author get impatient while driving?A．He was lonely on the road.B．He was slowed down by a truck.C．He got tired of driving too long.D．He came across too many traffic lights.2．What was the author’s immediate act ion when the traffic light turned red?A．Stopping still.B． Driving through it.C．Looking around for other cars.D．Checking out for traffic police. [3．The event made the author strongly believe that .A．traffic rules may be unnecessaryB．doubting others is human natureC．patience is important to driversD．a society needs mutual trust4．Why was the author proud of himself?A．He kept his promise.B．He held back his anger.C．He followed his inclination.D．He made a right decision.[参考答案]1－4：BADD,本文为记叙文，题材属于人物故事类。

专题3 阅读理解Ⅰ：主旨大意题【构建知识体系】主旨大意题考点1准确归纳标题考点2概括文章大意考点3总结段落大意2021-2021年全国高考Ⅰ卷本专题考察分布明细统计年份章节素材话题体裁考点分布主旨大意细节理解推理判断词义猜想202 1第一节剑桥科技节的活动通知应用文1662旅鸽在美国逐渐减少直至灭绝的过程记叙文向驯兽师学习如何集中注意应对选择障碍议论文学者对濒危语种进展记录拯救记叙文第二节如何帮助孩子为未来职业做准备说明文信息匹配202第一关于伦敦运河博物应用文09511 节馆每月专题讲座安排的海报作者离开寒冷的纽约去美国南部度假的感受记叙文介绍了在巴黎皮蓬杜艺术中心举办西班牙著名艺术家萨尔瓦多·达利艺术展的情况记叙文法国咖啡馆在现代社会中彰显心理沟通的社会功能，产生了积极的意义。

议论文第二节重建人际关系中的信任的意义及措施说明文信息匹配202 1第一节主要介绍了四位著名的女性的根本情况。

说明文1941主要介绍了社会上很多老年人搬到离子女近的地方居住说明文在丈夫丧失了自己所有东西后，陌生人无私的帮助使他们重拾了对他人的信任。

B以1970年地球日为突破口，讲述了人类对于地球环境的认识—由无知到保护。

借专家之口讲述了美国40年来对环境保护做出的突出奉献。

科普说明文C美国普遍存在的一种社会现象—对于“aupair〔住家保姆〕from China〞。

透过现象提醒了本质—“Learing Chinese is becoming in 社会文化类C越来越多即将上大学的学生选择“间隔年〞。

有人认为是好事，因为经过一年的锻炼，学生将会变得更加成熟、更有责任感。

但也有人指出这种做法存在弊端，有些学生会因为负担不起大学学费而被迫利用这一年去打工。

社会现象议论类D从价格到参观的内容介绍了四个英国的旅游胜地。

广告应用类比202 1A主要介绍了几个广告的具体内容，涉及音乐、喜剧表演与歌曲等活动的具体安排，如时间、地点等。

高考英语辅导讲座高考英语阅读理解高考英语阅读理解题的考查重点是文章的中心思想或主旨大意(概括题),文章的细节,词义、寓意的猜测以及逻辑推理,判断。

◆ 细节理解题考查学生对文章的某一段落、特定细节或重要事实的理解,这类题包括在文章中直接找出答案的直接理解题和需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行转换的语义转换题。

【常见的设题形式】1. 以5W1H(what,who,when,where,why和how)开头的疑问句。

例如:Why did Andy fail to notice the swarm of bees earlier?Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the swarm of bees in the passage?What effect does reading have on the author?What did the writer want to do when his mother came home?How did the author feel about Goldie when Goldie came to the house?2. 以填空形式出现的句子。

例如:Indian elephants are getting increasingly angry and they revenge because ______.Goldie rushed off to a farmhouse one day because she ______.3. 以according to 开头的句子。

例如:According to the text, Kody ______.According to Jane in the first paragraph,the low ______.According to the writer, what eventually brought about the disappearance of the park?4. 是非判断:true/false, nottrue / mentioned或except等。

2014高考英语阅读理解专题训练极品题（24）及答案社会生活类-----29阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Sometimes people call each other “scaredy-cat”, but have you ever thought about this expression? When a cat is frightened, its heart starts beating faster, its muscles get tense, and there are changes in the chemicals in its blood-stream.Although the cat doesn’t realize this, its body is getting ready for action. If the danger continues, this animal will do one of the two things. It will defend itself, or it will run away as fast as it can.Something like this also happens to people. When we are excited, angry, scared, or aroused by other emotions, our bodies go through many physical changes. Our hearts beat faster, and our muscles get tense. All of these changes make us more alert and ready to react. We, too, get ready to defend ourselves or run.Human beings, however, have a problem that animals never face. If we give way to our feelings, we can get into trouble. Have you ever said something in anger—or hit somebody and regretted it later? Have you ever shouted at a teacher, told somebody you were lonely, or said you were in love, and then wished later you had kept your mouth shut? It isn’t always wise to express your feelings freely.Does this mean that it’s sm arter always to hide our feeling? No!If you keep feelings of anger, sadness, and bitterness hidden away or bottled up inside, your body stays tense. Physical illnesses can develop, and you can feel churned up inside. It can actually be bad for your health.Feeling that you keep all bottled up inside don’t just go away. It’s as if you bought some bananas and stuck them in a cupboard. You might not be able to see them, but before long you’d smell them. And if you open the cupboard, chances are you’d see litt le fruit flies hovering all over them. They’d be rotten.You can try to treat emotions as if they were bananas in the cupboard, you can hide them and you can pretend they don’t exist, but they’ll still be around. And at last you’ll have to deal with them, just like those bananas.1. It is mentioned in the passage that human beings get into trouble becausethey______.A. are not as alert as animalsB. sometimes can’t control their feelingsC. always do something wrong to other peopleD. don’t pay attention to their physical changes2. The underlined words “churned up”in the 5th paragraph mean “”.A. very shockedB. beaten heavilyC. very frightenedD. disturbed badly3. The author wants to tell us in the last two paragraphs that______.A. you’ll not completely get away from your feelingsB. you should treat emotions as bananas in a cupboardC. feeling will gradually disappear when you hold them inD. it is good for your health to keep pleasant feelings inside4. The author writes this article in order to______.A. tell us that it isn’t good to keep feelings insideB. give us some advice on how to express our feelingsC. make us deal with feelings in a wise wayD. make us know that it isn’t always wise to express our feelings freely【参考答案】29.BDAC专题讲座——阅读理解之主旨大意题(2012·课标全国卷，D)Grown­ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.A man whohas not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water.He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away.He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son.A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins“Twinkle，twinkle，little star”or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.One explanation is the law of overlearning，which can be stated as follows：Once we have learned something，additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming，bicycle riding，and playing baseball long after we have learned them.We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as“Twinkle，twinkle，little star”and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks.We not only learn but overlearn.The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school，because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination，though it may result in a passing grade，is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course.By cramming，a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination，but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.A little overlearning，on the other hand，is really necessary for one’s future development.1．What is the main idea of Paragraph1?A．People remember well what they learned in childhood.B．Children have a better memory than grown­ups.C．Poem reading is a good way to learn words.D．Stories for children are easy to remember.2．The author explains the law of overlearning by________.A．presenting research findingsB．setting down general rulesC．making a comparisonD．using examples3．According to the author，being able to use multiplication tables is________.A．a result of overlearningB．a special case of crammingC．a skill to deal with math problemsD．a basic step towards advanced studies4．What is the author’s opinion on cramming?A．It leads to failure in college exams.B．It’s helpful only in a limited way.C．It’s possible to result in poor memory.D．It increases students’ learning interest.[参考答案]1－4：ADAB,本文为说明文。

1.填空题根据句意以及所给提示词，完成句子。

1.（1）The volunteers tried to calm the ________（alarm）children down.答案'（1）alarmed'解析（1）alarmed 考查形容词。

句意：志愿者们试图使惊慌失措的孩子们平静下来。

根据句意，句子空处缺少一个修饰孩子们的形容词，再根据the，可知空处为形容词。

故填alarmed。

1.（2）________ (attract) by the sweet voice, l walked into the old house.答案'（2）Attracted'解析（2）Attracted 考查分词。

句意：被那甜美的声音所吸引，我走进了那栋老房子。

根据提示词，并结合介词by可知，空处应填过去分词。

故填Attracted。

1.（3）Nobody likes ________ (make) fun of.答案'（3）being made'解析（3）being made 考查被动语态。

句意：没有人喜欢被人取笑。

动词短语be made fun of，被取笑；like doing...喜欢做……故填being made。

1.（4）目击者称他在昨天晚上八点看到那个失踪的小男孩正在快速地穿过这条马路。

(see sb. doing sth.)The witness says he ________ at eight o'clock yesterday night.答案'（4）saw the boy going across the road quickly'解析（4）saw the boy going across the road quickly 考查动词时态。

根据yesterday night可知句子用一般过去时，因此用saw，表示看到；横穿马路用动词短语go across；see sb doing sth看到某人正在做某事。

新课标人教版高三英语第二轮复习专题讲座-阅读理解[下]-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1不同体裁文章的阅读方法不同体裁的文章，作者的写作手法不同，表达的方式千差万别。

体裁不同，要求使用的阅读方法也不一样。

因此，掌握不同体裁的文章的阅读方法有助于我们提高阅读效率、加深对文章的理解。

下面分别谈谈记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文的阅读方法和技巧。

第一节记叙文的阅读方法记叙文讲述的是发生在当前或过去或将来事情的经过。

简而言之，记叙文就是讲故事，包括人物或故事情节。

常见的记叙文根据其用途可分为文学记叙文和说明记叙文：文学记叙文以虚构为主，如趣闻逸事、传说、寓言、传奇故事、短篇小说、科幻小说等；说明记叙文以事实为依据，包括历史、传记、新闻报道、日记等。

无论哪一种记叙文作者都要交代何人何时何地为什么、怎么样、干了何事等等，这也就是我们常说的“5Ws and 1H”。

这是我们在阅读记叙文时要首先了解的，接着按照线索弄清事情的来龙去脉，就能理解整个故事。

特别值得注意的是：记叙文的叙事顺序有顺叙和倒叙两种，有时候作者为了吸引读者会采用倒叙的方法，即不按照事情发展的先后顺序来叙述，而是从最重要、最能引人入胜的事件开始，然后再回过头来追叙故事的开端和经过。

阅读时要学会从事情本身的发展去理解故事情节而不要只看事件在文中出现的先后位置。

另外，讲故事必定有其目的：或证明某一理论，或阐明某一概念，或赞美某种美德，或谴责某种罪恶等等。

我们在阅读时要通过作者的重要细节描写联系故事情节去领会作者的意图，对作者重墨泼就的细节描写要重点关注。

概括起来一句话：读记叙文的关键是抓情节。

抓住了故事情节，就理解了文章的脉络，其他的就迎刃而解了。

下面请阅读一篇记叙文，看看你能不能抓住故事的主要情节。

（05浙江卷 A 篇）Compassion is a desire within us to help others．With effort, we can translate compassion into action．An experience last weekend showed me this is true．I work part-time in a supermarket across from a building for the elderly．These old people are our main customers, and it’s not hard to lose patience over their slowness．But last Sunday, one aged gentleman appeared to teach me a valuable lesson．This untidy man walked up to my register(收款机) with a box of biscuits．He said he was out of cash(现金), had just moved into his room, and had nothing in his cupboards．He asked if we could let him have the food on trust．He promised to repay me the next day．I couldn’t help staring at him．I wondered what kind of person he had been ten or twenty years before, and what he would be like if luck had gone his way．I had a hurt in my heart for this kind of human soul, all alone in the world．I told him that I was sorry, but store rules didn’t allow me to do so．I felt stupid and unkind saying this, but I valued my joB．Just then, another man, standing behind the first, spoke up．If anything, he looked more pitiable．“Charge it to me,” was all he saiD．What I had been feeling was pity．Pity is soft and safe and easy．Compassion, on the other hand, is caring in action．I thanked the second man but told him that was not allowed either．Then I reached into my pocket and paid for the biscuits myself．I reached into my pocket because these two men had reached into my heart and taught me compassion.解析：故事采用顺叙的叙事方法，主要情节发展如下：One aged gentleman begged me to have the food on trust and promised to repay the next day.---- I told him the store rules didn’t allow me to do so.---- Another man wanted me to charge the food to him.----I paid for the biscuits myself. 作者用第一人称讲述自己亲身经历的这段故事，让人觉得亲切可信，同时也增强了文章的感染力。

高中英语专题讲座
高中英语专题讲座：提升英语能力与应试技巧
一、开场与引入
讲座开始时，首先向在座的高中生们问候，并简要介绍本次讲座的目的和内容。

引入：通过一个小故事或实际例子，让学生明白高中英语学习的重要性和意义。

二、英语能力提升篇
1. 词汇记忆技巧：
介绍多种词汇记忆法，如联想记忆、词根词缀记忆等，帮助学生更有效地积累词汇。

2. 阅读理解策略：
指导学生如何快速定位关键信息，理解文章主旨。

讲解猜词技巧，如何在遇到生词时根据上下文推测词义。

3. 写作技巧提升：
分析高考英语写作的评分标准，让学生明确写作要求。

分享写作框架和句型模板，帮助学生更有条理地组织文章。

三、应试技巧篇
1. 听力应试策略：
讲解听力考试中的常见题型和应对策略。

指导学生如何在有限时间内准确捕捉关键信息。

2. 选择题答题技巧：
分享如何排除干扰项，提高选择题的正确率。

3. 时间管理：
强调时间管理在考试中的重要性。

提供时间分配建议，帮助学生合理规划各部分的答题时间。

四、互动环节
设计几个小问题或活动，与学生们互动，检验他们是否掌握了刚才讲的内容。

五、结尾与总结
总结本次讲座的核心内容，鼓励学生在日常学习中加以应用。

祝愿每位学生在未来的英语学习和考试中取得优异成绩。

高中英语阅读理解讲解高中英语阅读理解讲解：阅读理解是英语学习中非常重要的部分，不仅考验了学生对英语语法和词汇的掌握，还考察了学生的阅读理解能力和逻辑思维能力。

下面我们将通过几个例子来详细介绍高中英语阅读理解的解题技巧。

例一：Passage:Michael’s birthday was on a weekend. He invited twenty friends to his party. His friends are all good at sports. They liked playing basketball and swimming. They arrived at his house at 2 p.m. After a nice lunch, they played basketball in the garden. Michael was the best player. They then went to the swimming pool and had a great time. When it got dark, they went back to the house and had cake and ice cream.Question:How many friends did Michael invite to his party?Solution:According to the passage, Michael invited twenty friends to his party.解题技巧：在阅读理解中，首先要仔细阅读文章内容，理解文章大意。

然后根据问题定位答案的关键词，在文章中进行信息匹配，找到正确答案。

例二：Passage:Lisa and Tom are siblings. They both love animals. They have a dog named Buddy and a cat named Whiskers. Lisa likes dogs more, while Tom prefers cats. Their dog Buddy is very playful and friendly. He loves playing fetch and going for walks. Their cat Whiskers is more independent and likes to nap in the sun.Question:What are Lisa and Tom’s pets’ names?Solution:Lisa and Tom’s dog is named Buddy and their cat is named Whiskers.解题技巧：细节题通常要求学生找出文章中的具体信息，有时需要对文章进行细致的阅读，寻找答案所在的具体段。