高考英语语法复习专题(12)定语从句

专题12 定语从句2023年高考英语冲刺复习考点通关大全【考点详解】【命题解读】在复合句中，修饰限定某一名词(或代词)的句子，叫定语从句。

定语从句是历年高考的重要考点。

研究近年的高考真题不难看出，近年高考对名词的考查主语侧重于以下几个方面：1.考查关系词2.考查定语从句中的主谓一致3.考查定语从句中关系代词和关系副词混用【命题预测】预计2022年高考对语境的要求会更高。

侧重考查先行词在具体语境中的含义，同时，对定语从句和名词性从句的辨析也将是命题者测试的考点。

【复习建议】1掌握关系词的用法2.掌握限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别3.熟练掌握句子结构的分析。

判断从句中是否缺主语、宾语、定语，如果缺少，则填关系代词；若从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语成分，则要填关系副词或考虑“介词＋关系代词”(注意介词后只能填which/whom)。

考点一（关系代词引导的定语从句）关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as等。

关系代词可在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。

作用：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。

位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之后。

①The students who are from China raise your hands, please.来自中国的学生请举手。

②As is known to us all, Taiwan is part of China.众所周知，台湾是中国的一部分。

1．who, whom, that代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。

I've made good friends with several of the students who/whom/that I met in the calligraphy competition last year.我已与去年在书法演讲比赛中遇到的几个学生结交为好朋友。

专题12定语从句——精讲深剖1.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.A. whichB. whatC. whenD. that【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。

句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。

句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。

故选C。

2.（2019·天津卷·单项填空）11.Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.A. whyB. whereC. whichD. what【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。

句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。

句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。

3.(2019·新课标I卷·短文改错)One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【答案】One afternoon wherewhenI was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【解析】考查定语从句。

先行词one afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。

故将where改为when。

专题12 定语从句一. 单句语法填空1.Many young people，most of ________were well－educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 【答案】whom【解析】考查定语从句的用法。

句意：很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐他们的梦想，他们中的很多人都受过良好教育。

根据句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为Many young people，作介词of的宾语，故要用whom。

2.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，________ the weather may be better.【答案】when【解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。

考查定语从句。

先行词是next week，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语，所以用when3．(天津高考改编)One day，mentally exhausted，I wrote down all the reasons ________ this problem could not be solved.【答案】why【解析】句意：一天，精疲力竭，我写下这个问题不能解决的所有原因。

考查定语从句。

从句缺少原因状语，用why引导。

4．(浙江高考改编)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of ________ has been proved.【答案】which【解析】句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个得到了证明。

考查定语从句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句中用“代词＋介词＋关系代词which”引导。

5．I made friends with the natives，and their reaction amazed me.They gave me presents of their favorite artworks ________ they had refused to sell to tourists.【答案】which【解析】句意：我和当地人交朋友，他sell后缺少宾语，用关系代词which。

定语从句知识点梳理1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。

关系词常有3个作用：1.引导定语从句2.代替先行词3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。

3. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。

一、关系词的用法(一)关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which（在句中作主语、宾语或定语）关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。

（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.3）which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.4) asAs用于先行词前有as, so, such, the same修饰的限制性定语从句.You can take as many books as you need.(二) 关系副词when, where, why（在句中作状语）1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when hegrew up.注意：介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)(2) The man with that you talked is my friend. (F)3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.4. 介词后面的关系词不能省略。

十二定语从句语法精讲在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等。

关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。

注意：1. 关系代词在从句中做主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。

2. 关系代词who, which, that 在限定性定语从句中做动词宾语或介词宾语，而该介词又位于从句末尾时，经常省略，但as一般不省that既可指人，又可指物，在定语从句中可做主语，宾语（可省略）This is the first sum of money (that) the children’s family has received.This is not the only apple that has rotten away.Who that knows him would believe him?He’s changed. He’s not the man that he was.I’ll never forget the d ay that/which we spent together in the countryside.下列情况下，往往在下面几种情况下只用that引导定语从句：A.先行词是不定代词：all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等。

例如：All that we have to do is to practise every day.B.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。

例如：The first lesson that l learned will never be forgotten.C.先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some修饰时。

语法复习四：定语从句（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as2、关系副词：when, where, why关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。

e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）The comrade with whom I came knows French.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。

（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。

e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。

形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。

e.g. Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题1、that与which的区别。

1）用that而不用which的情况：①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, …；②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；③先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；④先行词既有人又有物时。