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2020届高考英语二轮复习语法突破14【定语从句】高考英语定语从句用法速查速记考点一、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词关系代词先行词句法功能who 人主语、宾语whom 人宾语which 物主语、宾语that 人或物主语、宾语、表语whose 人或物定语as 人或物主语、宾语、表语关系代词that和which的用法区别只用that的情况先行词是all, few, little, much, something,anything,nothing等不定代词时先行词被the only, the very, the same, all等修饰时先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时先行词既有人又有物时关系代词that和which的用法区别只用which的情况引导非限制性定语从句时关系代词指物，且前有介词时关系代词as和which的用法区别as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。
从句的谓语动词多为see, know, expect, say, mention, report等which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系她和她的家人骑自行车上班，这有助于他们保持健康。
The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. 我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感。
My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.我大儿子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地，他现在在纽约。
“You can’t judge a book by its cover，”as the old saying goes.正如老话说的那样：“人不可貌相。
2024届高考英语二轮复习：定语从句导学案（含答案）2024年高考英语一轮复习——定语从句导学案定语从句概述定语从句（Adjective Clause）是指在复合句中用来修饰一个名词或代词的从句。
这个从句通常由关系词引导，将句子中关系密切的内容用一个句子来表示。
1. 定语从句的引导词：引导定语从句的关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有：that、which、who、whom、whose。
关系副词有：where、when、why。
2. 关系词在定语从句中的作用：关系词在定语从句中充当一部分语法成分，并引导定语从句与主句之间的关系。
关系代词的作用有：代替先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
关系副词的作用有：代替先行词所表示的抽象内容，引导定语从句所缺少的成分。
3. 定语从句的位置和结构：定语从句通常位于先行词之后，与先行词之间有逗号隔开。
定语从句的结构与简单句相似，包括主语、谓语和其他修饰成分，只是其主语通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。
4. 定语从句的特点：定语从句既起着修饰作用，又起着句子成分的作用。
它插入到主句中，可以使句子更加丰富和准确。
以下是几个例子来说明定语从句的应用：- The book that you borrowed from the library is very interesting.（你从图书馆借的那本书很有趣。
）- The student who won the competition received a scholarship.（赢得比赛的那位学生获得了奖学金。
）- This is the place where we met last summer.（这是我们去年夏天见面的地方。
）- Do you know the reason why he resigned from his job （你知道他为什么辞去工作吗？）通过使用定语从句，我们可以给予更多关于名词或代词的描述和信息，帮助读者更好地理解句子含义。
定语从句必备知识梳理考点一关系代词引导的定语从句：一．who、whom、whose引导的定语从句1.who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中可作主语也可作宾语，whom在从句中只作宾语，两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。
作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。
I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school(who/whom/that) I met in the English speech contest last year.(2017全国卷阅读七选五) Campers, in my eyes, were people that/whoenjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleepingbags.2.whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。
指物时相当于of which，指人时相当于of whom。
(2016全国二卷阅读理解) I had an unexpected teaching assistant inclass whose creativity would infect other students.二．that、which引导的定语从句1.which指物，常在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略。
that指人或物均可，常在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。
She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had beenconstructed three years before.(2016天津卷阅读表达) Every day I practiced reading and writing,which I used to avoid as much as possible.2.限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that不用which的情况：(1).先行词为不定代词anything、nothing、something、everything、all、some、none、little few、the one等时；I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’sfault.(2).先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或其前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时；The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.(3).先行词被the only、the very、the last、any、every、each、few、little、no、some、all等修饰时。
英语教案【高中】年级：高一学生姓名：______教师姓名：______定语从句一、概念：修饰某一名词或者代词的从句叫定语从句(Attributive Clause）The man（who lives next to us ）sells vegetable.You must do everything（that I can do）.二、要点：跟定语从句相关的最关键的最两个词：①先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
②关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系代词：who/whom (指代人), which（指代物），that（指代人/物），as, whose等关系词的分类:关系副词：when （指代时间），where (指代地点)，why (指代原因)1. 引导定语从句关系词的功能: 2. 代替先行词3.在定语从句中担当一个句法成分解题步骤总结：1、找出先行词，划出定语从句2、判断选择关系代词还是关系副词,（缺主、宾、表语用关系代词，不缺成分用关系副词）3、根据语境选择合适的关系词三、基础知识学习：I. 关系代词that, which, who(whom)引导的定语从句先行词在从句中作主语：A doctor is a person who / that looks after people’s health.先行词在从句中作宾语：Mr White invited many friends to his party (who / whom / that) he respected much.关系代词前有介词：Nancy is the right person on whom you can depend.先行词在从句中作主语：The river which / that runs through the city brings us lots of pleasure.先行词在从句中作宾语：The book (which / that) you just laid on the shelf is mine.关系代词前有介词：Here is the money with which I will buy a piano.总结：⑴关系代词中在从句中充当主语的是which、that、who且在句中不可以省略。
【高考】英语二轮复习定语从句学案---炳辉书店---定语从句在高考中的考查重点：1.that与which引导的定语从句的区别；2.who、whom与whose引导的定语从句的区别；3.关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句的区别；4.对“as”引导定语从句的考查；5. such…as与such…that的区别；the same…as与the same…that的区别；6.对“介词+关系代词”的考查；7.the way 作先行词时,定语从句的引导词作状语用in which ,that 或者省略；8.含有插入语的定语从句；9.与并列句、状语从句、同位语从句以及与强调句型的混合考查。
高考例题：【2012山东卷】23. Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series.A. themB. thatC. whichD. what【答案】【考点】考查非限制性定语从句的用法。
【解析】此处先行词是two novels，后面是一个非限制性定语从句且介词前置，因此用both of which 引导。
句意：Maria写了两部小说，两部都被拍成了电视剧。
【2012福建卷】23. The air quality in the city, ________is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.A. thatB. itC. asD. what【考点】本题考查定语从句的引导词【答案】C【解析】本句难点是把定语从句分割出来放在句首就很明了了，把句子转换成 is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months.就能直接看到非限制性定语从句引导词放句首指的是下文所提到的一句话用as引导“正如在所写的那样”。
专题11 定语从句定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句知识外，还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。
纵观近几年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括：1．考查关系代词和关系副词的区分。
如：that，which和where，when的区分； that，which和why 的区分等。
2．考查whose的使用。
whose可以指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语，后跟名词。
指物时，whose＋名词＝名词＋ of which ＝ of which＋名词。
如：The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which the door is broken is on the second floor.3．考查as/which引导的非限制性定语从句。
尤其要重视which，as引导的非限制性定语从句和it，what引导的主语从句的区分。
4．考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。
如：I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.5．考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which，不能用that。
关系代词作定语时也可用whose。
如：The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students.同时还要重视“复杂介词或代词”出现时与并列句的区别。
如：He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(定语从句)He loved his parents deeply and both of them are very kind to him.(并列句)此外，“介词＋which ＋名词”结构，也是一个较为特殊的结构。
【Learning topic】：Grammar: Attributive ClauseII【Learning periods】：one periods (periods 5)【Learning content】: Attributive ClauseII【Learning aims】：1.Review the basic concepts about attributive Clause（复习定语从句的定义）2.Learn Attributive Clauses ---- Relative adverbs: where, when, why（学习引导定语从句的关系副词）3.Learn how to choose the correct relative pronouns and proverbs（选择正确使用关系代词或者关系副词引导定语从句）【Learning important points】：To master relative words of the Attributive Clause【Learning difficult points】：To enable ss to use the Attribute Clause.【Learning the key points】：To guide ss how to use the Attribute Clause.【Teaching aids】：PPT。
【Learning procedures】：一、课前案：（Time： 3 mins）Task1: 自学非常学案中P58、P76页定语从句的概念与知识点的讲解。
Task 2：把下面简单句组合成一个定语从句，并根据要求完成句子。
1)、These girls are our classmates. They play football well. （汉译英）____________________________________________(那些足球踢得比较好得女孩是我们班得同学）2)、He is a famous singer. His song is popular among young people.He is from Taiwan.He is a famous singer _______ song is popular among young people.（用适当得关系词补充句子）He is a famous singer _______is from Taiwan.二、课中案：（Time：20Mins）三、课后案：习题冲关（时间：30 分钟）：1、翻译下面句子并找出先行词与定语从句1)Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to.(Unit1 P2)2)Some people who lived in the mountains of the eastern USA speak with an older kind of English dialect.(Unit2 P13)3)It make wide bends or meanders through low valleys to enters the plains where rice grows.(Unit3 P18)4)A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses,roads and canals(Unit4 P26)5）The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,00.6)The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.7)Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.8)It was felt in Beijing, which is more than tow hundred kilometres away.(Unit4 P26) 9）The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.10)He was gengerous with his time, for which I was grateful.(Unit5 P34)11)The parts of town in which they were sent to live were decided by white people.12)The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometres away.13)The day _____ Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.14)...until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.15)The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of people.16)...we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less importanrt.2、完成课时分层作业（十三）P112页阅读七选五和语法填空题3、课后反思：_____________________________________________。
关系副词常见的关系副词关系副词先行词句中成分例句when 时间状语There are occasions when（onwhich）one must yield.where 地点状语Beijing is the place where（inwhich）I was born.why 理由状语Is this the reason why（forwhich）he refused our offer?切记：没有how和whataffected us a lot?1)Do you remember the days we spent together?we stayed together?effect is still existing?答案：which/that; which/that; when; whosewas built twenty years ago ?2)Do you remember the farm we visited together?we stayed together?products are sold all over the word?答案：which/that; which/that; where; whose即学即练caused his sickness?3)Do you believe the reason he gave to us yesterday?he did not come to school yesterday?答案：which/that; which/that; whyhe talks with his parents?4)I don’t like the way he told us yesterday?leads to our city?答案：which/that; which/that; that常考易错点1．介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句介词置于从句句首:从句常由介词＋关系代词whom, which引导。
高中英语高考高频语法之定语从句教案一、教学目标：1. 让学生掌握定语从句的定义和作用。
2. 使学生能够正确识别和使用定语从句的引导词。
3. 培养学生运用定语从句进行有效表达的能力。
二、教学内容：1. 定语从句的定义和作用2. 定语从句的引导词：who, which, that, where, when, why3. 定语从句的先行词：人、物、地点、时间、原因4. 定语从句的句子结构：主语+谓语+宾语+定语从句三、教学重点与难点：1. 定语从句的引导词的用法和辨析。
2. 定语从句的先行词的确定。
3. 定语从句的句子结构的运用。
四、教学方法：1. 采用任务型教学法，让学生在实践中掌握定语从句的用法。
2. 运用案例分析法，通过具体例句讲解定语从句的引导词和先行词。
3. 采用互动式教学法，鼓励学生积极参与，提高学生的口语表达能力。
五、教学步骤：1. 引入定语从句的概念，让学生了解定语从句的作用。
2. 讲解定语从句的引导词，并通过例句进行演示。
3. 分析定语从句的先行词，引导学生学会识别先行词。
4. 练习定语从句的句子结构，让学生学会运用定语从句进行表达。
5. 设计任务，让学生在实际语境中运用定语从句。
教学评价：通过课堂讲解、练习和任务完成情况，评价学生对定语从句的掌握程度。
在课后，要求学生进行定语从句的写作练习，以检验学生的学习效果。
六、教学活动设计：1. 小组讨论：让学生分组讨论定语从句在实际语境中的应用，分享各自的发现和心得。
2. 角色扮演：设计一个场景，让学生运用定语从句进行角色扮演，增强口语表达能力。
3. 写作练习：布置一篇小作文，要求学生运用定语从句描述一个人、物或地点。
七、课后作业：1. 复习定语从句的引导词和先行词。
2. 完成课后练习题，巩固定语从句的用法。
3. 准备下一节课的讨论话题。
八、教学反思：在课后，教师应反思本节课的教学效果，观察学生对定语从句的掌握情况，针对学生的薄弱环节进行调整教学策略。
定语从句必备知识梳理考点一关系代词引导的定语从句：一． who、whom、whose引导的定语从句1.who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中可作主语也可作宾语，whom在从句中只作宾语，两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。
作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。
I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school(who/whom/that) I met in the English speech contest last year.(2017全国卷阅读七选五) Campers, in my eyes, were people that/whoenjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleepingbags.2.whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。
指物时相当于of which，指人时相当于 of whom。
(2016全国二卷阅读理解) I had an unexpected teaching assistant in classwhose creativity would infect other students.二．that、which引导的定语从句1.which指物，常在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略。
that指人或物均可，常在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。
She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had beenconstructed three years before.(2016天津卷阅读表达) Every day I practiced reading and writing, whichI used to avoid as much as possible.2.限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that不用 which的情况：(1).先行词为不定代词 anything、 nothing、 something、 everything、 all、some、none、little few、the one等时；I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’sfault.(2).先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或其前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时；The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.(3).先行词被 the only、 the very、 the last、any、every、each、 few、little、no、some、all等修饰时。
The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.(4).先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的词时。
They will never forget the things and persons that they’ve seen orheard of during their long journey.3.关系代词只用 which而不用that的情况：(1).关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。
The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his parents very much.(2017全国三卷阅读理解) Bradford sold the buildingand land to a localdevelopment firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the landwherethe theater is located.(2).关系代词前有介词时。
We live in an age in which information is available with greater ease than ever before.三．as引导的定语从句1.as可以引导限制性定语从句，常用于“such/ the same+先行词+ as…”结构中。
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.2.as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明整个句子，可放在主句之前、之中或之后。
常用的类似的插入语有as the saying goes、 as is said above、as is mentioned above、as often happens、as is often the case、as isreported in the newspaper等。
“You can’t judge a book by its cover,” as the old saying goes. 考点二关系副词引导的定语从句：一．where引导的定语从句where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+ which”(2016天津卷阅读表达)I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help.二．when 引导的定语从句when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+which”。
(2016天津卷9) We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, whenthe weather may be better.三．why 引导的定语从句why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词+which”。
Do you know the reason why he didn’t attend the meeting?考点三“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句：一．介词和关系代词的确定若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用 which。
另外， whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词+ whose +名词”结构。
一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：(1).先行词的意义；(2).从句中的动词或形容词的固定搭配；(3).句子的意思。
Trading leather shoes is the business to which Greens are devoted.( be devoted to“献身、热衷、致力于”)I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have gonethis far.Recently I bought an ancient vase, whose price(＝the price ofwhich) was very reasonable.二．“of+关系代词引导的定语从句”在some、any、few、little、none、all、both、neither、many、most、each等代词或数词的前后表示整体与部分的关系可以用of which/whom。
John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of whom are his family members.A卷真题卷单句填空题1.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 --- when thegovernment started a soil-testing program ______________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers --- and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.2.But Sarah, ______________ has taken part in shows along with top models,wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.3.But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in themid-1980s, ______________ I was the first Western TV reporter.4.Simon is a comedian and actor ______________ has 10 years’ experience ofteaching comedy.5.Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew theAntarctic, was hired to make the images, most of ______________ have never before been published.6.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ______________lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC, influenced the development of chopsticks.7.When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team.That meant beating out Miller King, ______________was the best player at our school.8.I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dreamplace for tourists seeking the limestonemountain tops anddark waters of the Li River ______________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.9.She and her family bicycle to work, ______________ helps them keep fit.10.Many westerners ______________ come to China cook much less than in theirown countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.11.Kate, ______________sister I shared a room with when we were at college,has gone to work in Australia.12.In1963 the UN set up the World Food Programe, oneof ______________ purposesis to relieve worldwide starvation.13.I live next door to a couple ______________children often make a lot of noise.14.Many young people, most of ______________ were well-educated, headed forremote regions to chasetheir dreams.15.Scientists have advanced many theoriesabout why human beings cry tears, noneof ______________ hasbeen proved.16.The number of smokers, ______________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percentin just one year.17.It is a truly delightful place, ______________ looks the same as it musthave done 100 years ago with itswinding streets and pretty cottages.18.Creating an atmosphere in ______________ employees feel part of a team isa big challenge.19.He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of ______________ were publishedin the 1990s.20.The books on the desk, ______________coversare shiny, are prizes for us.21.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ______________school education depends.22.China Today attracts a worldwide readership, ______________shows that moreand more people allover the world want to learn about China.23.The exact year ______________ Angela andher family lived together in Chinawas 2008.24.A company ______________ profits from homemarkets are declining may seekopportunities abroad.25.We’ll reach the sales targets in a month, ______________we set at thebeginning of the year.26.Until now, we have raised50, 000 poundsfor the poor children, ______________is quite unexpected.答案解析:1.that/which 先行词是物，空格在从句中做主语，故用关系代词；2.who 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，缺少主语，先行词是Sarah；3.when 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词是mid-1980s，从句缺少状语，故用关系副词；4.who/that 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是人，用关系代词；5.which 此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词是image，故用which；6.who 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词是人，从句缺少主语；7.who 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词是人，从句缺少主语；8.that/which 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，从句中缺少主语，故用that或which；9.which 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中做主语，指代前面整个句子的内容，故用which；10.who/that westerners是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语；11.whose whose在非限制性定语从句中作定语，修饰sister；12.whose whose在非限制性定语从句中作定语，修饰purpose；13.whose 先行词是couple，由语境可知children和couple是所属关系，故用whose；14.whom 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词是people，在逻辑上是介词of的宾语，故用whom；15.which 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词为theories，作介词of的宾语；16.as as在此处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示正如……，代替整个主句的内容；17.which which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词place且在从句中作主语；18.which 先行词为atmosphere，在从句中作逻辑上的地点状语，此处inwhich=where；19.which 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，关系代词which指代的前面的books；20.whose 先行词books和covers之间是逻辑上的所属关系，故用whose；21.which 此处是一个定语从句，先行词表物，故用关系代词作介词upon的宾语；22.which 先行词指前面的整个主句，空格处在从句中作主语，故用which；23.when 先行词 year在定语从句中是逻辑关系上的状语，故用when；24.whose 先行词company和profits是逻辑上的所属关系，故用whose；25.which 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词targets在定语从句中作set的宾语，故用which；26.which 先行词是前面的整个主句，空格处在定语从句中作主语；故用which。
