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高中英语语法复习专题讲解-定语从句一、定义及相关术语1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。
二、定语从句的种类以及区别定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，现将它们之间的用法及区别列表如下限制性：她有两个当解放军的儿子。
She has two sons who are P.L.A.men.(Maybe she has other sons who are not P.L.A.men.)非限制性：她有两个儿子，他们都是解放军。
She has two sons，who are P.L.A.men.(She has only two sons.They are both P.L.A.men.)三、关系代词的用法区分1.修饰物体时关系代词that和 which的区分•只能使用that的情况：（1）当先行词即有人又有物时。
eg. I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw.（2）当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。
eg. This is the first book that I bought myself.The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.（3）当先行词所在句子含疑问词who，which时。
初中英语语法专题—定语从句讲解一、什么是定语从句？定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
它通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词后面，并对其进行进一步的说明或限制。
二、引导定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词主要有：that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where等。
- that用于修饰物，常用来引导限制性定语从句；- which用于修饰物，既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句；- who用于修饰人，常用来引导限制性定语从句；- whom用于修饰人，在非正式情况下，常省略为who，也可以引导非限制性定语从句；- whose表示所属关系，修饰人或物；- when表示时间，在定语从句中用来引导时间状语从句；- where表示地点，在定语从句中用来引导地点状语从句。
三、定语从句的位置和用法定语从句可以位于句首、句中或句尾，用来修饰名词或代词。
它可以进一步说明名词的性质、特征、来源等。
以下是一些示例：1. The book that you borrowed from me is very interesting.that you borrowed from me is very interesting.你从我这里借的那本书非常有趣。
2. The girl, who is wearing a red dress, is my sister.who is wearinga red dress, is my sister.那个穿红裙子的女孩是我的妹妹。
3. The city where I was born is very beautiful.where I was born is very beautiful.我出生的城市非常美丽。
4. I have a friend whose father is a doctor.whose father is a doctor.我有一个朋友，他的父亲是医生。
英语语法定语从句1、定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
2、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who(宾格whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
3、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。
非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
4、关系代词的用法（1）that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。
在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。
例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle。
玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
(that作主语)The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue。
我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(that作宾语)（2）which用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语。
作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。
例如：The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket。
位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
(作主语)The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful。
我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。
(作宾语)（3）who， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。
在口语中，有时可用who代替whom。
who和whom作宾语时也可省略。
例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England。
英语语法大全定语从句18. 定语从句定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。
（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
（which / that在句中作宾语）The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to e unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。
高中语法专题解析定语从句的关系代词和关系副词定语从句是英语语法中一个重要的部分，它用来修饰一个名词或代词，并且通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。
在本专题中，我们将重点讨论定语从句中的关系代词和关系副词的用法和功能。
一、关系代词的用法和功能关系代词在定语从句中起着连接先行词和从句的作用，并且在定语从句中充当从句的主语、宾语、或表语。
1. 关系代词的种类及其用法关系代词包括that、which、who、whom、whose、whichever、whoever、whomever等。
根据先行词的不同，我们使用不同的关系代词。
(1) that: 用于指物，既可以代替整个主句，也可以只代替主句中的名词。
例句1: The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.例句2: I bought a book yesterday that is very interesting.(2) which: 用于指物，只能代替前面整个主句。
例句: Yesterday I bought a book, which is very interesting.(3) who、whom、whose: 用于指人。
- who用作主语，表示人的主格。
例句: The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.- whom用作宾语，表示人的宾格。
例句: I saw a girl whom I know at the party.- whose用来表示所有关系，修饰人或物。
例句: The girl whose book was stolen is very upset.(4) whichever、whoever、whomever: 用于无论哪个，谁，任何一个。
- whichever用于指物。
例句: You can choose whichever book you like.- whoever用于指人。
英语定语从句语法详解定语从句是英语中非常重要的一个语法结构，用于修饰名词或代词，并且在句子中起到定语的作用。
在本文中，我们将详细介绍英语定语从句的概念、用法以及常见的引导词。
一、定语从句的概念和用途定语从句是由一个句子作为整体，用来修饰名词或代词的句子。
它可以提供进一步的信息，使得句子更加具体明确。
定语从句通常放置在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
例如：The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
In this sentence, "that I bought yesterday"是一个定语从句，修饰名词"book"，进一步解释了这本书的情况。
二、引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。
常见的关系代词有：who、whom、whose、which、that等；常见的关系副词有：when、where、why等。
1. 关系代词的用法a. who/whom/whose：用于人。
who用作主语或宾语，whom用作宾语，而whose表示所有关系。
例如：The man who is standing over there is my father.那个站在那里的人是我爸爸。
The boy whom I met yesterday is my classmate.我昨天遇到的那个男孩是我的同学。
This is the house whose roof is red.这是一座屋顶是红色的房子。
b. which/that：用于物。
which用作主语或宾语，that可用作主语、宾语或定语。
例如：The car which/that is parked in front of the house is mine.停在房子前面的那辆车是我的。
The book which/that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。
英语语法：定语从句定语从句是英语常见的用来联系多个句子的句型，作用强大而且简单易用。
小编在这里整理了相关知识，快来学习学习吧!英语语法：定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略)who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语whom 指人在从句中作宾语whose 指人或物在从句中作定语as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词2、as 的用法(1)常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个the same…that 表示同一个(2)as与which的区别a、位置不同as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。
b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。
Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。
注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above,as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。
c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。
二、只用that不用which的情况1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时.3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
语法专题定语从句Part 1.定语从句的定义及其关系代词的使用Step 1. 分析下列句型：1. I can’t remember everything (that) happened during the time in university.2. The film is about a spy (whose) wife betrays him.3. Barbary was working in Beijing, (where) she went daily in a bus.4. He said that he had never seen her before, (which) was not true.5. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of (which) uses it somewhat differently.总结：在复合句中，用来修饰____________和____________的从句叫做定语从句。
被修饰词叫____________, 用来引导定语从句的关联词叫_____________。
定语从句分为____________和_____________。
(思考：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别是什么？)_______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ ________________Step 2.关系代词的用法总结：2）as 可以引导非限制性定语从句，既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，位置较为灵活，意为“正如…”，后面的谓语动词一般是：see, know, expect, say, mention, report, announce等。
但是，which引导的非限制性定语从句，只能放在主句之后，意为“这一点”。
（1）________ is known to all, China is a developing country.（2）He is from the south, ______ we can see from his accent.（3）John, ________ you know, is a famous writer.John is a famous writer, ________ you know.（4）He has been to P aris several times, ________ I don’t believe.3) 当先行词受such, the same,so修饰时，常用asI have never heard such a funny story as he tells.= I have never heard so funny a story as he tells.This is the same book as I lost last week.【注意1】当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as 所引导的定语从句意思不同She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.【注意2】定语从句such…as …与结果状语从句such… that…的区别：He has such a good laptop as I want to buy.Step 3.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句分析下列例句:The man to whom he is talking is my father.This is the pen with which I wrote the letter.注意：“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用________（指物）和_________（指人）。
即：介词+_____________/_______________.思考下列两个句子的变化：The man whom/that he is talking to is my father.This is the pen which / that I wrote the letter with.总结：当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用______/_______（指物），用_________/__________/__________（指人）作介词的宾语，而且做介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。
注意：在固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词位于关系代词之前。
判断正误：This is the pen for which I’m looking. ( )This is the pen which I’m looking for. ( )(思考：关系代词充当什么成分时可以省略？)Part 2.关系副词的使用及其与关系代词的转化它在定语从句中的句子成分。
如果引导词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，就要用which 或that。
请分析下列句子中应该使用的引导词：1. This is the factory _________we visited last year.2. This is the factory _________we worked last year.3. This summer _______I spent in Italy is so hot.4. Is this the shop ________sells children's clothing?5. This is one of the largest rooms ________I've ever slept in.Part 3. 拓展Step 1.1.在什么情况下只能用that引导定语从句；1）当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时。
如：Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?All that can be done has been done.所有能做的事情都做了。
You can find any information that you need on the Internet.2）当先行词被序数词修饰。
如：The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3）当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
如：I think the film Assembly《集结号》is the best film that I have seen.4）当形容词被the very\right, the only,just the 修饰时。
如：This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.5）当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。
如：Who is the man that is standing there?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6）当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时。
如：Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?7)关系代词在句中作表语时，He isn’t the person that he used to be.8)主句为there be 句型时，There’s a pen that belongs to Tom on the desk.2.如何区分the same ……as 和the same ……that；This is the same book that I lost. _______________________________________（指同一本书）This is the same book as I lost. _______________________________（并不是原来的那一本书）3.以the way为先行词的定语从句The way （in which/ that/省略) he answered the question was surprising.Step 2. that在定语从句与同位语从句的区别：News that Wanglin had been admitted to Beijing University came from the school office.(同位语从句)The news that the TV reported yesterday excited the whole nation.（定语从句）注意：that 在同位语从句中不充当任何成分，只起引导从句的作用；that在定语从句中要充当一定的成分，一般充当主语、宾语或表语。
所以区别两者的关键在于从句中是否缺少成分。
判断下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句：The fact that the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years has worried many scientists.( )The fact that we learned from the News Center was really disappointing.( ) Step 3. 定语从句综合练习：一、用适当的关系词填空：1. I still remember the night _______I first came to the house.2. We are learning English, a language _____ is used in many places in the world.3. I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family.4. Tell me the reason ______ the American lady left.5. Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week?6. Do you still remember the place_______ we found the lost child?7. The house _____ stands on the top of the hill was built last month.8. He is the only person ______ saw the accident yesterday.9. Who is the student _____was late for school today?10. He lives in the room____window faces to the south.11. The manager walked toward the gate _____ the workers are waiting.12. Autumn is the time of a year______farmers get in their crops.13. Allen is the girl ________ I think will succeed in the test.14. Those are the shoes __________ I lost last week.15. Her parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.二、请找出下列各句中的错误并加以改正。
