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作文部分：范文一： The modern technology has greatly altered the mode of communication among people. With the help of the Internet, people can easily contact each other anytime anywhere. However, the side effect is that many people have become over-dependent on the Internet and neglected face-to-face communication.As far as I'm concerned, electronic communication cannot fully replace the direct contact among people. Although it seems to bring everyone together, it actually estranges people and decreases the effectiveness of communication. A typical example is that, traditionally, people working in the same office simply walk to others and talk. Today, however, co-workers tend to send e-mails or instant messages through the Internet even when they are sitting next to each other. As words can never convey the full message, it usually takes much more time and rounds of conversation than face-to-face communication, in which people can discuss more directly with less loss of information.To conclude, the Internet enables more effective communication in some situations, but over-dependence on it actually pulls people apart.范文二：It is frequently observed that many people keep looking down at their mobile phones whatever they are doing. It is true that mobile phones have brought great convenience to us as we can send short messages, check e-mails, surf the Internet, or watch videos almost anywhere. However, the overuse of mobile phones also leads to some serious problems.The over-dependence on mobile phones can harm the relationship among friends and family. With mobile phones, people do not talk as much as before. For example, sometimes at dinner tables, instead of chatting and laughing with each other, many people choose to chat with other friends online. In other words, mobile phones help people contacting friends far away more easily at the expense of reducing the communication with those who are sitting right next to them.In conclusion, mobile phone can be a useful tool in modern life, but overusing it damages interpersonal relationship. There is no point to lose our intimacy with friends and family to modern technology.范文三：The impact of the Internet on learningExplain why education doesn’t simply mean learning to obtain informationIn the age of knowledge explosion, the Internet opens a magical portal for leaners to get access to seemingly incessant information. But is information equal to knowledge? “Once I learn how to use google, isn't that all the education I really need?” This question fully embodies the prejudiced opinion that as long as people acquire abundant information, they will get proper education.The rea son why education doesn’t simply mean learning to obtain information is that education is not limited to the hard facts or theories students can learn from their textbooks or the Internet. It relates to a wider scope ranging from the obtainment of practical skills to the development of characters, which are hard for students to learn simply by googling. Consequently, comprehensive learning in schools that includes learning knowledge, conducting experiments and communicating with peers is what true education is.In a word, the Internet does provide valuable information for learners, but people should be fully conscious of the essence of education and learn to tell the right from the wrong.听力部分：1. C. Consult a travel agent.2. A. They are on a long trip by car.3. C. He is unwilling to speak in public.4. B. Purse further education.5. A. He would not be available to start the job in time.6. B. Mechanic.7. D. Ask Laura to put off the cleaning until another week.8. A. A problem caused by the construction.9. C. To place an order for some products.10. A. The person in charge is not in the office.11. B. 0734, 21653 extension 51.12. B. Since he took to heavy smoking.13. A. He is getting too fat.14. D. They dislike doing physical exercise.15. C. To find a girlfriend.16-19音频无。
大学英语四级（2013年12月考试改革适用）-试卷218(总分：118.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Writing(总题数：2，分数：4.00)1.Part I Writing（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Due Attention Should Be Given to Handwriting. You should include in your essay the cause of bad handwriting and solutions to it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.Due Attention Should Be Given to Handwriting（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Students of today are heavily complained by their teachers because of their horrible handwriting. The situation is so bad that a significant amount of time is allocated to train students' handwriting in high-schools. The main reason for this seemingly absurd phenomenon might be the prevalence of computer. Students may, for instance, download study materials from the website instead of writing them down. When they want to communicate with each other, all they need is to hit the keyboard, leaving the laborious writing out of the mind. To remedy this problem, two approaches should be adopted. First, teachers should ask students to submit their handwritten homework, instead of soft-copy ones. Second, calligraphy contests should be staged as regular extracurricular activities to arouse students' interests. With these two measures, I am sure students will be able to write readable characters, while enjoying the convenience brought by the computer.)解析：解析：这是一篇原因分析型作文，要求考生对“书写不好”这一现象作出分析，并给出解决的办法。
2013年12月四级改革样卷Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then expressyour views on the importance of learning basic skills. You should write atleast 120 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay onAnswer Sheet 1.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions willbe asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questionswill be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) andD), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
大学英语四级（2013年12月考试改革适用）-试卷185(总分：118.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Writing(总题数：2，分数：4.00)1.Part I Writing（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Education Fever based on the statistics provided in the chart below (Family Spending on Education in China). Please give a brief description of the chart first and then make comments on it. You should write at（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案： Education Fever From the graph above, we can easily observe that family spending on education in China has a steady increase in the past decade, with the number reaching 983 billion in 2013, which nearly triples the number in 2004. Many factors contribute to the ever-increasing education spending, "letting children win at the starting line" being one of them. Many parents spend a lot of money on pre-school education. They try to send kids to the best kindergartens whose tuition fees are much higher than that of universities. Choosing better primary and middle schools also takes money. Normally, students must attend schools within the district where they live. However, many parents prefer to send their children to a better-known school in other districts regardless of the large sum of "donations". Apart from formal education, parents also pay their children for various after-school programs, from common painting or dancing classes to expensive overseas summer camps. There is nothing wrong with parents' passion for education, but parents should keep in mind that spending more money doesn't necessarily guarantee a better education for children. Money should be put where it matters most.)解析：解析：这篇图表型作文要求考生结合图表就“教育热”展开论述。
![[整理]2013年12月大学英语四级考试改革样题及答案](https://img.taocdn.com/s1/m/c65f000643323968011c92e4.png)
Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay.You should start your essay witha brief descriptionof thepicture and then express your views on the importance oflearning basic skills. You should write at least 120words but nomore than 180words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end ofeach conversation, one or more questions willbe asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions willbe spoken only once. After eachquestion there will be a pause. During thepause, you must read the four choices markedA), B), C) and D), and decidewhich is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For For this this this part, part, you you are are are allowed allowed 30 30 minutes minutes to to write write an an essay. essay. You should start your essay witha brief descriptionof descriptionof the the picture picture and and and then then then express express express your your your views views views on on the the importance importance importance of of learning basic skills. You should write at least 120words but no more than 180words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
上作答。
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end ofeach conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After eachquestion there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices markedA), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1with a single line through the centre.上作答。
作文部分：范文一： The modern technology has greatly altered the mode of communication among people. With the help of the Internet, people can easily contact each other anytime anywhere. However, the side effect is that many people have become over-dependent on the Internet and neglected face-to-face communication.As far as I'm concerned, electronic communication cannot fully replace the direct contact among people. Although it seems to bring everyone together, it actually estranges people and decreases the effectiveness of communication. A typical example is that, traditionally, people working in the same office simply walk to others and talk. Today, however, co-workers tend to send e-mails or instant messages through the Internet even when they are sitting next to each other. As words can never convey the full message, it usually takes much more time and rounds of conversation than face-to-face communication, in which people can discuss more directly with less loss of information.To conclude, the Internet enables more effective communication in some situations, but over-dependence on it actually pulls people apart.范文二：It is frequently observed that many people keep looking down at their mobile phones whatever they are doing. It is true that mobile phones have brought great convenience to us as we can send short messages, check e-mails, surf the Internet, or watch videos almost anywhere. However, the overuse of mobile phones also leads to some serious problems.The over-dependence on mobile phones can harm the relationship among friends and family. With mobile phones, people do not talk as much as before. For example, sometimes at dinner tables, instead of chatting and laughing with each other, many people choose to chat with other friends online. In other words, mobile phones help people contacting friends far away more easily at the expense of reducing the communication with those who are sitting right next to them.In conclusion, mobile phone can be a useful tool in modern life, but overusing it damages interpersonal relationship. There is no point to lose our intimacy with friends and family to modern technology.范文三：The impact of the Internet on learningExplain why education doesn’t simply mean learning to obtain informationIn the age of knowledge explosion, the Internet opens a magical portal for leaners to get access to seemingly incessant information. But is information equal to knowledge? “Once I learn how to use google, isn't that all the education I really need?” This question fully embodies the prejudiced opinion that as long as people acquire abundant information, they will get proper education.The rea son why education doesn’t simply mean learning to obtain information is that education is not limited to the hard facts or theories students can learn from their textbooks or the Internet. It relates to a wider scope ranging from the obtainment of practical skills to the development of characters, which are hard for students to learn simply by googling. Consequently, comprehensive learning in schools that includes learning knowledge, conducting experiments and communicating with peers is what true education is.In a word, the Internet does provide valuable information for learners, but people should be fully conscious of the essence of education and learn to tell the right from the wrong.听力部分：1. C. Consult a travel agent.2. A. They are on a long trip by car.3. C. He is unwilling to speak in public.4. B. Purse further education.5. A. He would not be available to start the job in time.6. B. Mechanic.7. D. Ask Laura to put off the cleaning until another week.8. A. A problem caused by the construction.9. C. To place an order for some products.10. A. The person in charge is not in the office.11. B. 0734, 21653 extension 51.12. B. Since he took to heavy smoking.13. A. He is getting too fat.14. D. They dislike doing physical exercise.15. C. To find a girlfriend.16-19音频无。
自2013年12月考次起，全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会将对四、六级考试的试卷结构和测试题型作局部调整。
调整后，四级和六级的试卷结构和测试题型相同。
一、试卷描述四级和六级的试卷结构、测试内容、测试题型、分值比例和考试时间如下表所示：二、新题型说明1. 单词及词组听写原复合式听写调整为单词及词组听写，短文长度及难度不变。
要求考生在听懂短文的基础上，用所听到的原文填写空缺的单词或词组，共10题。
短文播放三遍。
2. 长篇阅读原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解，篇章长度和难度不变。
篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。
每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。
有的段落可能对应两题，有的段落可能不对应任何一题。
3. 翻译原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。
翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。
四级长度为140-160个汉字；六级长度为180-200个汉字。
三、成绩报道成绩报道分为总分和单项分。
单项分包括：1）听力，2）阅读，3）翻译和写作。
四、样题大学英语四级考试样题见附件1。
（附件为PDF格式文件）大学英语六级考试样题见附件2。
全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会2013年8月14日Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes t o write an essay.You should start your essay witha brief descriptionof thepicture and then express your views on the importance oflearning basic skills. You should wri te at least 120words but nomore than 180words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
大学英语四级（2013年12月考试改革适用）-试卷226(总分：118.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Writing(总题数：2，分数：4.00)1.Part I Writing（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On College Students' Self-care Ability following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.1.目前不少高校学生的自理能力很差2.产生此种现象的原因是……3.为了提高学生的自理能力，应该……On College Students' Self-care Ability （分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Nowadays in China, a problem that is quite prevalent among college students is that many of them lack the ability to take care of themselves. For example, it is not uncommon that a college student takes a week's dirty clothes back home and let the mother do the washing simply because he/she doesn't know how to do it. Why is it so? In my opinion, the doting parents should first take the blame. As it is, many parents love their kids so much that they go to extremes to manage every little detail of their kids' lives, without realizing that they are depriving their kids of the opportunity to learn self-dependence. In addition, the students are also to be blame. Even though the family provides an important support and all the care, they should not take everything in their life for granted or even do not bother to learn some basic living skills. In short, to train students to be independent, we need parents to loosen their grip and students to take some responsibilities.)解析：解析：这是一篇论说文，要求就“高校学生的自理能力”这个话题进行论述。
2013年12月大学英语四六级改革情况介绍及新题训练编辑:巫德强 2013年9月 一、试卷描述 四级和六级的试卷结构、测试内容、测试题型、分值比例和考试时间如下表所示：试卷结构测试内容测试题型分值比例考试时间 写作 写作短文写作15%30分钟短对话多项选择8% 听力对话长对话多项选择7% 听力理解30分钟短文理解多项选择10% 听力短文短文听写单词及词组听写10%词汇理解选词填空5%40分钟 阅读理解长篇阅读匹配10%仔细阅读多项选择20% 翻译汉译英段落翻译15%30分钟 总计100%130分钟 二、新题型说明 1.单词及词组听写原复合式听写调整为单词及词组听写，短文长度及难度不变。
要求考生在听懂短文的基础上，用所听到的原文填写空缺的单词或词组，共10题。
短文播放三遍。
在短文长度及难度不变的情况下，要求考生在听懂短文的基础上，用所听到的原文填写空缺的单词或词组，共10题。
短文播放三遍。
名师点评：考生失分率将提高。
几乎所有人都认为，取消句子听写会使得听写难度减弱，其实，恰恰相反，这只会使考生的偶然得分率提高，而考生长期忽视听写和拼写的事实会导致必然失分率的增加。
因为在过去的句子听写中，整句2%的分值可以至少保证考生写出句子中部分较为简单的单词从而得分，而新试卷中，一词（或一个短语）占1%的设计，会让得分和失分出现在转瞬之间。
名师应对策略指点： 在每次做完听力题目之后，题目选项和原文对应中（答案区域）全部单词和短语务必要保证拼写成功。
因此，建议广大考生强化每日的听写训练，从背单词开始，就要搞清楚这个单词是如何发音、如何拼写的。
与此同时，还要增加对短语、固定搭配的积累。
2.长篇阅读原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解，篇章长度和难度不变。
篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。
每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。
有的段落可能对应两题，有的段落可能不对应任何一题。
与听力理解一样，“换装”后的长篇阅读理解篇章长度和难度不变。
难的是篇章后附有10个句子，每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。
有的段落可能对应两题，有的段落可能不对应任何一题。
名师点评： 这种设置，在雅思阅读理解中被称为“段落信息匹配题”，其经典之处在于强烈的迷惑力。
阅读题干要求，重点关注这句话：“有的段落可能对应两题，有的段落可能不对应任何一题”。
按样卷的设置： 四级试卷中本题共计9段，对应10题，这意味着必有一段对应两题； 六级试卷中本题共计15段，对应10题，这意味着必有5题是纯干扰段。
阅读环节时间依然很紧张，选词+段落+精读，合计40分钟。
目测新题目大家只能做10分钟。
时间如此之短，题量如此之大（六级10分钟读15段内容+判断），所以，相应训练和技巧必须到位。
名师应对策略指点： 1、这种阅读题目属于快速阅读和信息匹配的合体。
在词汇基础基本保证的情况下，一些相关阅读技巧必须纯熟。
比如，特殊信号词汇在段落和题目中的对应，例如数字、大写、特殊符号； 2、段落首句作为重点信息处理； 3、特别关注段落衔接句； 4、大量训练不可少。
3.翻译原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。
翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。
四级长度为140-160个汉字；六级长度为180-200个汉字。
翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。
四级长度为140-160个汉字；六级长度为180-200个汉字。
名师点评： 这是这次改革最难的一种题目。
可以确定，如果不降低评分标准，这个项目将成为全国考生丢分的黑洞。
我们来看看样卷中的原文节选： 四级：人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。
特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。
六级：各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异，但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。
为驱厄运、迎好运，家家户户都会进行大扫除。
从题目看，翻译难度虽然和考研翻译及专八翻译不是一个量级，但是对基本从来不练习翻译的考生来说，词汇和短语其实只是第一道障碍，例如：“喜庆的气氛”、“进行大扫除”，更多的障碍在于：遣词造句。
以“增加喜庆的气氛”为例，“增加”一词，考生基本反应都是increase, 而标准答案是：To enhance the joyous atmosphere. 名师应对策略指点： 1、由样题可以看出，翻译题越来越重视中国的历史、文化，也就是越来越接地气。
所以，建议考生有意识的积累和背诵一些和中国节日、历史事件、经济和社会发展相关的词汇。
2、关注以反映中国社会为主的一些英文杂志和报纸。
例如中国日报及其网站。
这份报纸的大部分内容确实超越了考生的实力，但是一些涉及到日常社会生活的词语，却是大家可以学习的。
大家每天看看网站中头条新闻，配合中文新闻的背景，就可以学到很多表达。
推荐一个中国日报网站下面的一个小栏目：language tips，有大量简单实用的双语文章。
3、考生需要购进一些难度不大的翻译书籍，注意中英文的一些切换规则。
4、文都四、六级命题研究中心也将增加针对此题型的图书，希望帮助广大考生顺利通过四、六级考试，建议考生密切关注。
最后，祝大家备考顺利！ 三、成绩报道成绩报道分为总分和单项分。
单项分包括：1）听力，2）阅读，3）翻译和写作。
备考建议:2013年8月英语四级六级考试改革后，翻译部分由原来的单句汉译英"换装"为段落汉译英，四级翻译段落有140-160个汉字，六级有180-200个汉字。
翻译长度的增加无疑给广大考生增加了一定难度，但翻译考点与之前的考点基本是一致的，所以广大考生可以稍安勿躁。
考生如何在强化阶段复习翻译，又如何在考试中夺取高分呢？我们认为词汇和长难句是攻克翻译这座大山的不二法宝。
关注特殊词汇，学习日常生活词语段落翻译的重点依然是词汇，特别是较为特殊的翻译类词汇，通过样卷分析，建议考生多关注一下和中国节日、历史事件、经济文化、旅游活动、社会发展等相关的词汇。
大家可以关注以反映中国社会为主的一些英文杂志和报纸，例如中国日报及其网站。
这份报纸的大部分内容确实超越了考生的实际水平，但考生可以学习一些涉及日常生活的词语。
每天看看网站中的头条新闻，配合中文新闻的背景，就可以学到很多表达。
中国日报网站下面的一个小栏目：language tips，有大量简单实用的双语文章，考生有时间可关注。
同时，考生要购进一些难度不大的翻译书籍，注意中英文的切换规则。
写长难句可增加得分点段落翻译的另一难点就是长难句的攻克，平时加大对长难句的分析，考试中才能写出精彩得分的句型。
分析从句比较多的长难句，要找到句子的切分点，切分点主要有两种，一个是直接看到的，即连接词that、which、who、when等等；另外一个是潜在的，即各种动词形式，包括doing、to do(单独使用的)、done等等。
最后，注意做翻译一定要坚持两点，即打草稿和"写"。
在头脑中形成的翻译不是翻译，落到纸上，仍然不一定是通顺的句子，所以，每次在做翻译时，一定要坚持把语言写出来，这样才能提高语言组织能力。
同时，长难句的翻译不是一气呵成的，要练习如何打草稿，保证不会因直接誊写出现涂改问题，通过平时的草稿练习，也锻炼下打草稿的清晰程度，避免在誊写时丢掉一些东西。
不管怎么说，此次四六级考试改革翻译难度增加，分值比例增加，考生想靠日常底子混过去是不可能的。
建议大家从现在开始复习，可以多关注《China Daily》或中高口书籍中关于中国文化方面的内容，多动笔，多练习。
段落匹配题训练一:Paper--More than Meets the Eye A) We are surrounded by so much paper and card that it is easy to forget just how complex it is. There are many varieties and grades of paper materials, and whilst it is fairly easy to spot the varieties, it is far more difficult to spot the grades. B) It needs to be understood that most paper and card is manufactured for a specific purpose, so that whilst the corn-flake packet may look smart, it is clearly not something destined for the archives. It is made to look good, but only needs a limited life span. It is also much cheaper to manufacture than high grade card. C) Paper can be made from an almost endless variety of cellulose-based material which will include many woods, cottons and grasses or which papyrus is an example and from where we get the word "paper". Many of these are very specialized, but thepreponderance of paper making has been from soft wood and cotton or rags, with the bulk being wood-based. Paper from Wood D) In order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down into fine strands. Firstly by powerful machinery and then boiled with strong alkalies such as caustic soda, until a fine pulp of cellulose fibers is produced. It is from this pulp that the final product is made, relying on the bonding together of the cellulose into layers. That, in a very small nutshell, is the essence of paper making from wood. However, the reality is rather more complicated. In order to give us our white paper and card, the makers will add bleach and other materials such as china clay and additional chemicals. E) A further problem with wood is that it contains a material that is not cellulose. Something called lignin. This is essential for the tree since it holds the cellulose fibres together, but if it is incorporated into the manufactured paper it presents archivists with a problem. Lignin eventually breaks down and releases acid products into the paper. This will weaken the bond between the cellulose fibers and the paper will become brittle and look rather brown and careworn. We have all seen this in old newspapers and cheap paperback books. It has been estimated that most paper back books will have a life of not greater than fifty years. Not what we need for our archives. F) Since the lignin can be removed from the paper pulp during manufacture, the obvious question is "why is it left in the paper?" The answer lies in the fact that lignin makes up a considerable part of the tree. By leaving the lignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase his paper yield from a tree to some 95%. Removing it means a yield of only 35%. It is clearly uneconomic to remove the lignin for many paper and card applications. G) It also means, of course, that lignin-free paper is going to be more expensive, but that is nevertheless what the archivist must look for in his supplies. There is no point whatsoever in carefully placing our valuable artifacts in paper or card that is going to hasten their demise. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials, causing them to fade and is some cases simply vanish! H) So, how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or card from one that is unsuitable? You cannot do it by simply looking, and rather disappointingly, you cannot always rely on the label. "Acid-free" might be true inasmuch as a test on the paper may indicate that it is a neutral material at this time. But lignin can take years before it starts the inevitable process of breaking down, and in the right conditions it will speed up enormously. I) Added to this, as I have indicated earlier, paper may also contain other materials added during manufacture such as bleach, china clay, chemical whiteners and size. This looks like a bleak picture, and it would be but for the fact that there are suppliers who will guarantee the material that they sell. If you want to be absolutely sure that you are storingin, or printing on, the correct material then this is probably the only way. J) Incidentally, acids can migrate from material to material. Lining old shoe boxes with good quality acid-free paper will do little to guard the contents. The acid will get there in the end. Paper from Rag K) Paper is also commonly made from cotton and rag waste. This has the advantage of being lignin-free, but because there is much less cotton and rag than trees, it also tends to be much more expensive than wood pulp paper. You will still need to purchase from a reliable source though, since even rag paper and card can contain undesirable additives. L) A reliable source for quality rag papers is a recognized art stockiest. Many water color artists insist on using only fine quality rag paper and board. M) The main lesson to learn from this information is that you cannot rely on purchasing archival materials from the high street. The only safe solution is to purchase from specialist suppliers. It may cost rather more, but in the end you will know that your important and valuable data and images have the best home possible. 1. The corn-flake packet is cheaper than high grade card. 2. There are a lot of materials which can be used for making paper, but the superiority ones are soft wood, cotton and rags. 3. During the whole manufacturing process, the final product is made from a pulp of cellulose fibres. 4. In order to make white paper and card, the makers will add bleach. 5. Liguin is essential for the tree but it will make paper easy to break. 6. Many paper producers will preserve lignin during manufacture, because leaving the lignin will make more paper from a tree. 7. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials. 8. If the lignin is removed from the paper, the paper will be more expensive. 9. Although free of lignin, paper made from cotton and rag waste can also cost more money than wood pulp paper because there is much less cotton and rag than trees. 10. What we can learn from "Paper from Rag" is that you had better buy archival materials from specialist suppliers.训练二:How to Make Attractive and Effective PowerPoint Presentations A) Microsoft PowerPoint has dramatically changed the way in which academic andbusiness presentations are made. This article outlines few tips on making more effective and attractive PowerPoint presentations. The Text B) Keep the wording clear and simple. Use active, visual language. Cut unnecessary words—a good rule of thumb is to cut paragraphs down to sentences, sentences into phrases, and phrases into key words.Limit the number of words and lines per slide. Try the Rule of Five-five words per line, five lines per slide. If too much text appears on one slide, use the AutoFit feature to split it between two slides. Click within the placeholder to display the AutoFit Options button (its symbol is two horizontal lines with arrows above and below), then click on the button and choose Split Text between Two Slides from the submenu. C) Font size for titles should be at least 36 to 40, while the text body should not be smaller than e only two font styles per slide—one for the title and the other for the text. Choose two fonts that visually contrast with each other. Garamond Medium Condensed and Impact are good for titles, while Garamond or Tempus Sans can be used for the text body. D) Embed the fonts in your presentation, if you are not sure whether the fonts used in the presentation are present in the computer that will be used for the presentation. To embed the fonts: (1) On the File menu, click Save As. (2) On the toolbar, click Tools, click Save Options, select the Embed TrueType Fonts check box, and then select Embed characters in use only. E) Use colors sparingly; two to three at most. You may use one color for all the titles and another for the text body. Be consistent from slide to slide. Choose a font color that contrasts well with the background. F) Capitalizing the first letter of each word is good for the title of slides and suggests a more formal situation than having just the first letter of the first word capitalized. In bullet point lines, capitalize the first word and no other words unless they normally appear capped. Upper and lower case lettering is more readable than all capital letters. Moreover, current styles indicate that using all capital letters means you are shouting. If you have text that is in the wrong case, select the text, and then click Shift+F3 until it changes to the case style that you like. Clicking Shift+F3 toggles the text case between ALL CAPS, lower case, and Initial Capital styles. G) Use bold or italic typeface for emphasis. Avoid underlining, it clutters up the presentation.Don’t center bulleted lists or text. It is confusing to read. Left align unless you have a good reason not to. Run “spell check” on your show when finished. The Background H) Keep the background consistent. Simple, light textured backgrounds work well.Complicated textures make the content hard to read. If you are planning to use many clips in your slides, select a white background. If the venue of your presentation is not adequately light-proof, select a dark-colored background and use any light color for text. Minimize the use of “bells and whistles” such as sound effects, “flying words” and multiple transitions. Don’t use red in any fonts or backgrounds. It is an emotionally overwhelming color that is difficult to see and read. The Clips I) Animations are best used subtly; too much flash and motion can distract and annoy viewers. Do not rely too heavily on those images that were originally loaded on your computer with the rest of Office. You can easily find appropriate clips on any topic through Google Images. While searching for images, do not use long search phrases as is usually done while searching the web-use specific words. J) When importing pictures, make sure that they are smaller than two megabytes and are in a .jpg format. Larger files can slow down your show. Keep graphs, charts and diagrams simple, if possible. Use bar graphs and pie charts instead of tables of data. The audience can then immediately pick up the relationships. The Presentation K) If you want your presentation to directly open in the slide show view, save it as a slide show file using the following steps. Open the presentation you want to save as a slide show. On the File menu, click Save As. In the Save as type list, click PowerPoint Show. Your slide show file will be saved with a ppt file extension. When you double-click on this file, it will automatically start your presentation in slide show view. When you’re done, PowerPoint automatically closes and you return to the desktop. If you want to edit the slide show file, you can always open it from PowerPoint by clicking Open on the File menu. L) Look at the audience, not at the slides, whenever possible. If using a laser pointer, don’t move it too fast. For example, if circling a number on the slide, do it slowly. Never point the laser at the audience. Black out the screen (use “B” on the keyboard) after the point has been made, to put the focus on you. Press the key again to continue your presentation. M) You can use the shortcut command [Ctrl]P to access the Pen tool during a slide show. Click with your mouse and drag to use the Pen tool to draw during your slide show. To erase everything you’ve drawn, press the E key. To turn off the Pen tool, press [Esc] once. Miscellaneous N) Master Slide Set-Up: The “master slide” will allow you to make changes that are reflected on every slide in your presentation. You can change fonts, colors, backgrounds,headers, and footers at the “master slide” level. First, go to the “View” menu. Pull down the “Master” menu. Select the “slide master” menu. You may now make changes at this level that meet your presentation needs.1. The ways in which academic and business presentations are made have been changed by Microsoft PowerPoint. 2. When making the PowerPoint, the wording of the text should not be complicated. 3. In each slide, the font styles for the title and the text should contrast with each other. 4. A more formal situation is capitalizing the first letter of the first word. 5. Centering bulleted lists or text can not help to read. 6. Sound effects should be used as less frequently as possible. 7. When importing pictures, make sure that they are smaller than two megabytes. 8. When making the presentation, you should look at the audience as possible as you can. 9. Pressing the E key can help you to erase everything you've drawn. 10. In order to meet your presentation needs, you can make changes at the “slide master” level.段落翻译:样题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage fromChinese into English. You should write your answer on AnswerSheet 2.中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日，在中国也被称为春节。
