去年试题及参考答案

2021年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试语言学概论试题答案及评分参考（课程代码00541）一、单项选择题：本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分。

1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．D 11．D 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．A 16．B 17．A 18．D 19．D 20．C二、名词解释题：本大题共4小题，每小题4分，共16分。

21．语言符号的线性特征：语言符号的线性特征是指语言符号只能一个接一个出现，其结构必须是按照时间顺序成一条线的样子排列。

22．双语现象：某一言语社团使用两种或两种以上语言的现象叫双语现象。

23．负迁移：第二语言学习过程中，母语语言规则不符合第二语言的规则，从而对第二语言学习产生消极影响，就叫负迁移。

24．大脑单侧化现象：人的大脑左右两个半球不完全对称，大小略有差别，分工不同，左半球一定部位掌管语言和抽象思维活动，右半球一定部位掌管与语言无关的直观动作的思维活动。

三、分析题：本大题共2小题，每小题7分，共14分。

25．这种言语行为符合会话准则中的礼貌原则，这是出于相互尊重的需要（3分）。

具体来说体现出赞誉，即会话中尽量少赞誉自己、多赞誉对方，甚至可以不完全符合事实（4分）。

26．“裏”“後”“發”使用错误，当分别为“里”“后”“髪”。

找出1个问题1分（共３分），正确分析4分。

四、简答题：本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分。

27．标[piɑu55]（2分），包含的音素分别是[p][i][ɑ][u]（8分）。

28．基本词是整个语汇系统的基础和核心（1分），其特点是：第一，稳固性，产生时间早，历史悠久（3分）；第二，普遍性，表示最常见的事物现象和人们交际最需要的基本概念（3分）；第三，构词能力强，是构成新词的基础或核心语素（3分）。

语言学概论试题答案及评分参考第1 页（共2 页）五、论述题：本大题共2小题，每小题15分，共30分。

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. __1__, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been __2__ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon “revolutionize the very __3__ of money itself,” only to __4__ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so __5__ in coming?Although electronic means of payment might be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work __6__ the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very __7__ to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the __8__ form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they __9__ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to __10__. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of “float”—it takes several days __11__ a check is cashed and funds are __12__ from the issuer’s account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. __13__ electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumers.Forth, electronic means of payment may __14__ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information __15__ there. The fact that this is not an __16__ occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and __17__ from someone else’s accounts. The __18__ of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to __19__ security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic __20__ that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1.[A] However[B]Moreover[C]Therefore[D]Otherwise2.[A] off[B]back[C]over[D]around3.[A] power[B]concept[C]history[D]role4.[A] reward[B]resist[C]resume[D]reverse5.[A] silent[B]sudden[C]slow[D]steady6.[A] for[B]against[C]with[D]on7.[A] imaginative[B]expensive[C]sensitive[D]productive8.[A] similar[B]original[C]temporary[D]dominant9.[A] collect[B]provide[C]copy[D]print10.[A] give up[B]take over[C]bring back[D]pass down11.[A] before[B]after[C]since[D]when12.[A] kept[B]borrowed[C]released[D]withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America,”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man aw ay from the machines.”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra — their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, “In the 10 years ending in 2009, U.S. factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs — about 6 million in total —disappeared.”There will always be change — new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G. I. Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______.[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______.[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______.[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____.[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] to advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, "uccelli di passaggio," birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don't need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today's birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas. They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. Weneed them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle. Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26. “Birds of passage” refers to those who____.[A] immigrate across the Atlantic[B] leave their home countries for good[C] stay in a foreign temporarily[D]find permanent jobs overseas27. It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US____.[A] needs new immigrant categories[B] has loosened control over immigrants[C] should be adopted to meet challenges[D]has been fixed via political means28. According to the author, today’s birds of passage want___.[A] financial incentives[B] a global recognition[C] opportunities to get regular jobs[D]the freedom to stay and leave29. The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __.[A] as faithful partners[B] with economic favors[C] with legal tolerance[D]as mighty rivals30 which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] Come and Go: Big Mistake[B] Living and Thriving: Great Risk[C] With or Without: Great Risk[D]Legal or Illegal: Big MistakeText 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But weneed more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of perso nality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing. Subjects exposed t o fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases — or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation: two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: dogs can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions____.[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should____.[A] trust our first impression[B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reactions are based on____.[A] critical assessment[B] ‘‘thin sliced’’ study[C] sensible explanation[D] adequate information35. The author’s attitu de toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.[A] tolerant[B] uncertain[C] optimistic[D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe’s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women—up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don’t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But I like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding’s reluctance and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position— no matter how much “soft pressure” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers--and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding’s call[D] a voluntary action38. According to Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism[B] objectiveness[C] indifference[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater “soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] Live like a peasant[B] Balance your diet[C] Shopkeepers are your friends[D] Remember to treat yourself[E] Stick to what you need[F] Planning is everything[G] Waste not, want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has £60 a week to spend, £40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning £130,000 a year working in corporate communications and eating at London's best restaurants at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I feltlike that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.41._____________________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42________________________This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy. With them, there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller.43____________________________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threa tening to “go off” will be cooked or juiced.44_______________________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers, delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, they’ll let you have for free.45______________________You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant —£1.75 a week for three months gives you £21 - more than enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus. It's £16.95 there - or £12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather eat.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2. (15 points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I’ve been able to do this since I was 4.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs. My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everybody does – try to put it to one side. I don't think it's harder for me just because mymemory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn't make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before. I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on Broadway on the same day – they both just pop into my mind in the same way.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. Write your classmates an e-mail to1) inform them about the details, and2) encourage them to participate.You should write about 100 words.Don’t use your own name. U se “Li Ming” instead. Don't write your address. (10 points)Part B48. Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should(1) interpret the chart, and(2) give your commentsYou should write about 150 words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I: Use of English (10 points)1 - 5: ADBDC6 - 10: BBDBA11-15: ADCCC16-20: CABADSection II: Reading Comprehension (50 points)21-25: ADBBC26-30: CCDCD31-35: DACDC36-40: BAADC41-45: FEGCDSection III :Translation (15 Points)从过去的53年中任选一天，我都能立刻知道当时自己在哪里，新闻中发生了什么事情，甚至那天是周几。

2004年上半年高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试资产评估试题课程代码0158一、单项选择题（本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1.以下表述不符合资产评估科学性原则的表述是（）A.必须根据评估的特定目的选择适用的价值类型和方法B.评估的特定目的必须与价值类型相匹配C.特定的资产业务可采用多种评估方法D.特定的资产业务可以采用多种价值类型2.以下原则中属于资产评估的经济原则的是（）A.贡献原则B.科学性原则C.专业性原则D.客观性原则3.企业整体资产评估值与企业单项可确指资产评估值汇总之间的关系是（）A.前者必然大于后者B.前者必然不等于后者C.前者必然小于后者D.前者有可能等于后者4.复原重置成本与更新重置成本的差异在于（）A.功能不同B.成本构成不同C.价格标准不同D.材料、标准、技术等不同5.以下有关收益法中各指标间关系的表述中正确的是（）A.本金化率越高，收益现值越低B.本金化率越高，收益现值越高C.资产未来收益期对收益现值没有影响D.在其他条件相同的情况下，未来收益期越长，收益现值越小6.评估某类通用设备30台，帐面历史成本之和为600万元。

经抽样选择其中5台评估其重置成本之和为75万元，而该5台具代表性通用设备历史成本之和为100万元，该类通用设备重置成本为（）A.450万元B.400万元C.500万元D.480万元7.在机器设备评估中，以下内容属于判断性鉴定的是（）A.设备的剩余经济寿命B.设备的维修保养情况C.役龄D.生产厂家8.被评估设备为1995年从美国引进的设备，进口合同中的CIF价为41万美元。

2000年评估时美国生产厂家仍在生产销售该种设备，其CIF的报价为50万美元，一般情况设备的实际成本价应为报价的70%~90%。

国内某企业2000年从美国进口该设备的CIF价为44万美元，你认为该进口设备的现行购置成本为（）A.40万美元B.50万美元C.44万美元D.45万美元9.被估资产为某企业的彩电生产线，由于彩电供过于求，预计今后该生产线的利用率仅为70%。

2021年10月23日内蒙古事业单位联考A类综合应用能力试题及答案一、给定资料资料1目前，游客量的增加，科室的业务多样化，给公园管理带来了一定的压力。

为发挥市民作用，实现“人民公园人民建、人民公园人民管”，中心在全市启动了市民园长选聘工作。

市民园长是需要个人申请，公园管理机构选聘任用为公园管理和服务工作志愿服务的工作人员。

选聘公告发出后，报名人数很多，公园管理处对报名人员进行了资格审核及统一面试，最终选出了15位市民园长，在进行了岗前培训后，向其颁发了聘书和工作证，据选聘工作负责人介绍，此次选聘的市民园长主要为退休人员，也充分考虑了应聘者的年龄、精力、工作时间、管理经验等条件。

如今，首批选聘的15位市民园长已经在5家公园任期6个月，为了解他们的履职情况，中心安排工作人员对这5家公园进行走访，其中锦绣公园由小张负责，小刘跟随锦绣公园市民园长张倩，记录了她普通的一天。

8：30准时到办公室早上8点30分，张倩准时出现在锦绣公园南门西侧的市民园长轮值服务站，门口的牌子上，公布了当日轮值市民园长的姓名、联系电话，服务站内，备有游客急需的简单药品，以及轮椅等器材。

8：40开始上午的巡园工作别好“市民园长”红袖章，张倩开始了例行巡园，“各位游客好，我是市民园长，背包不能这样挂在小树上，麻烦取下来。

”退至公园北侧，张倩停下了脚步，原来是看到围坐石桌打牌的几位老年人将携带的背包挂在了身边的树枝上，“包没地方放，建议在石桌旁立个挂架”，“大姐您这个建议好，我一定向管理处反映”。

张倩耐心倾听他们的意见，认真记录，随后这几位老人纷纷起身，将挂在树上的背包取下，放在了地上。

巡园过程中张倩遇到一位摄影的大姐，她过去挽着大姐的手，边走边聊，大姐说：“张园长，我上次跟你说了湖里水漂的问题，解决得很好呀，现在鱼和水草都能看得清楚呢。

”走到水果园边，看到桃树都挂果了，有位婆婆牵着孙子，拿竹竿在敲打，果子没落下来，叶子倒掉了不少，旁边浇花的园丁上去围观，婆婆说她：“管得宽”。

去年的树试题及答案一、选择题1. 《去年的树》这篇童话故事中，树的主人是谁？A. 人类B. 鸟类C. 动物D. 精灵答案：B2. 在故事中，树被砍倒后被用来做了什么？A. 家具B. 纸张C. 火柴D. 建筑材料答案：C3. 故事中，去年的树对小鸟来说意味着什么？A. 家B. 食物来源C. 朋友D. 避难所答案：A二、填空题4. 在《去年的树》中，小鸟每年都会回到________唱歌给树听。

答案：（去年的树）5. 树被砍倒后，小鸟________了很长时间才找到树的下落。

答案：（寻找）6. 最终，小鸟在________的帮助下找到了树的下落。

答案：（树的碎片）三、简答题7. 小鸟为什么要每年回到去年的树唱歌？答案：小鸟每年回到去年的树唱歌，是因为它对树有着深厚的感情，树是它的家，它的歌声是对家的怀念和对树的感激。

8. 故事中，小鸟对树的感情如何体现？答案：小鸟对树的感情体现在它对树的忠诚和不离不弃，即使树被砍倒变成了火柴，小鸟也要找到树的下落，并且为它唱最后一首歌，表达了对树的深切怀念和感激之情。

四、论述题9. 《去年的树》这篇童话故事给我们带来了哪些启示？答案：《去年的树》这篇童话故事给我们带来了关于友情、忠诚和环境保护的启示。

小鸟和树之间的友情，以及小鸟对树的忠诚，展示了真挚情感的力量。

同时，树的消失也提醒我们要关注环境保护，珍惜自然资源，避免过度开发导致的生态破坏。

五、作文题10. 以“去年的树”为题，写一篇不少于800字的作文，谈谈你对这个故事的理解和感受。

答案：（此题为开放性题目，考生需根据自己的理解和感受进行写作，没有标准答案。

）【结束语】通过以上试题及答案，我们不仅回顾了《去年的树》这篇童话故事的主要内容，还深入探讨了其背后的深层含义。

希望这些题目能够帮助读者更好地理解故事，并从中获得启发和感悟。

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试日语试题和评分标准及参考答案本试卷共11页。

满分150 分。

考试用时120 分钟。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

注意事项：1. 答题前，考生务必用0.5 毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号、县区和科类填写到答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。

2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

写在本试卷上无效。

3. 非选择题必须用0.5 毫米黑色签字笔作答。

答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置、不能写在试卷上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

第一部分：听力（共2节，满分30 分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转填到答题卡上。

第一节（共7小题，每小题2分，满分14 分）听下面的7 段录音，每段录音后有1道小题，从A,B, C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，每段录音只播放一遍。

例：男①人日本語花勉強A. 6力、月B.9 力、月C.12 力、月1. 男①人怎日本旅行尤行吉求L尢力、。

A. 東京B.大阪C.北海道2. 女子学生怎普通乂乙疋了儿八彳卜花L求丁力、。

A. HB. □★二C.以卜沙3. 男O人怎何花出LT^^^L^^oA. 料理B.指茶C.食事代4. 指母作◎求L尢力、。

A. 指父誕生日B. 今日七力•厉◎求L尢力、C. 食事Q来T〈料求丁力5. 2人会求丁力、。

A.指店B.駅①前C.病院①前6. 工場見学①日尤男①人A. 一人疋行動L求ToB. 直接工場尤行吉求TC. 族人肚七一緒広行動L求T7. 卒業丿弋一亍彳一UE^肚形CL求L尢力、。

A.郊外形B.料理屋祝刁形C•一緒料理花作召形第二节（共8小题，每小题2分，满分16 分）听下面的 4 段录音，每段录音后有2道小题，从A,B, C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，每段录音只播放两遍。

2024年人教版数学小学四年级上学期期中复习试题(答案在后面)一、选择题（本大题有6小题，每小题2分，共12分）1、下列哪个数最接近50？A、45B、49C、51D、552、一个长方形的长是7厘米，宽是3厘米，它的周长是多少？A、10厘米B、20厘米C、30厘米D、40厘米3、题目：小华有5个苹果，小明比小华多3个苹果，小刚比小明少2个苹果。

请问小刚有多少个苹果？A. 6个B. 7个C. 8个D. 9个4、题目：一个长方形的长是10厘米，宽是5厘米。

请问这个长方形的周长是多少厘米？A. 25厘米B. 30厘米C. 35厘米D. 40厘米5、（）+（）=24A、11 + 13B、12 + 12C、10 + 146、一个长方形的长是8厘米，宽是4厘米，它的周长是（）厘米。

A、20B、16C、32二、填空题（本大题有6小题，每小题4分，共24分）1、1吨等于____ 千克。

2、小华有12个苹果，小明给了小华3个苹果，现在小华有多少个苹果？3、小明的书架上原来有12本书，后来又买了8本书，现在书架上共有 ______ 本书。

4、一个长方形的长是15厘米，宽是6厘米，这个长方形的周长是 ______ 厘米。

5、一个三位数，百位和十位数字之和是18，个位数字是3，这个三位数是 ______ 。

6、一个长方形的长是8分米，宽是5分米，这个长方形的周长是 ______ 分米。

三、计算题（本大题有5小题，每小题4分，共20分）1、计算下列各题。

（1）(325+478)（2）(749−236)（3）(678×3)（4）(258÷6)2、计算下列各题。

（1）(896+152)（2）(647−395)（3）(534×2)（4）(912÷4)3、计算以下各题：（1）543 + 256 =4、计算以下各题：（1）327 × 4 =5、小明有一些邮票，他将其中的1/3送给小华，然后将剩下的邮票的1/2送给小红。

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(天津卷)理科数学本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共150分，考试用时120分钟。

第Ⅰ卷1至2页，第Ⅱ卷3至5页。

第Ⅰ卷一、选择题 （本大题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分）在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.i 是虚数单位，复数734i i+=+ A.1i - B.1i -+ C.17312525i + D.172577i -+ 2.设变量x 、y 满足约束条件20201x y x y y +-≥⎧⎪--≤⎨⎪≥⎩，则目标函数2z x y =+的最小值为A.2B.3C.4D.5 3.阅读下边的程序框图，运行相应的程序，输出S 的值为A.15B.105C.245D.945 4.函数212()log (4)f x x =-的单调递增区间为A.(0，)+∞B.(-∞，0)C.(2，)+∞D.(-∞，2)-5.已知双曲线22221(0x y a a b-=>，0)b >的一条渐近线平行于直线l ：210y x =+，双曲线的一个焦点在直线l 上，则双曲线的方程为A.221520x y -=B.221205x y -= C.2233125100x y -= D.2233110025x y -=6.如图，ABC ∆是圆的内接三角形，BAC ∠的平分线交圆于点D ，交BC 于点E ，过点B 的圆的切线与AD 的延长线交于点F ，在上述条件下，给出下列四个结论：①BD 平分CBF ∠；②FA FD FB ⋅=2；③DE BE CE AE ⋅=⋅；④BF AB BD AF ⋅=⋅.则所有正确结论的序号是A.①②B.③④C.①②③D.①②④7.设a 、b R ∈，则“a b >”是“||||a a b b >”的A.充分不必要条件B.必要不充分条件C.充要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件8.已知菱形ABCD 的边长为2，120BAD ∠=︒，点E 、F 分别在边BC 、DC 上，BE BC λ=，DF DC μ=.若1=⋅AF AE ，=⋅CF CE 32-，则λμ+= A.12 B.23 C.56 D.712第Ⅱ卷二、填空题：本大题共6小题，每小题5分，共30分.9.某大学为了解在校本科生对参加某项社会实践活动的意向，拟采用分层抽样的方法，从该校四个年级的本科生中抽取一个容量为300的样本进行调查.已知该校一年级、二年级、三年级、四年级的本科生人数之比为4:5:5:6，则应从一年级本科生中抽取 名学生.10.一个几何体的三视图如图所示（单位：m ），则该几何体的体积为 3m . 11.设{}n a 是首项为1a ，公差为1-的等差数列，n S 为其前n 项和，若1S 、2S 、4S 成等比数列，则1a 的值为 .12.在ABC ∆中，内角A 、B 、C 所对的边分别是a 、b 、c .已知14b c a -=，2sin 3sin B C =，则cos A 的值为 . 13.在以O 为极点的极坐标系中，圆4sin ρθ=和直线sin a ρθ=相交于A 、B 两点.若AOB ∆是等边三角形，则a的值为 .14.已知函数2()|3|f x x x =+，x R ∈.若方程()|1|0f x a x --=恰有4个互异的实数根，则实数a 的取值范围为 .三、解答题：本大题共6小题，共80分.解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤.15.（本小题满分13分） 已知函数23()cos sin()3cos 34f x x x x π=+-+，x R ∈. ⑴求()f x 的最小正周期；⑵求()f x 在闭区间[4π-，]4π上的最大值和最小值.16.（本小题满分13分）某大学志愿者协会有6名男同学，4名女同学.在这10名同学中，3名同学来自数学学院，其余7名同学来自物理、化学等其他互不相同的七个学院.现从这10名同学中随机选取3名同学，到希望小学进行支教活动（每位同学被选到的可能性相同）.⑴求选出的3名同学是来自互不相同学院的概率；⑵设X 为选出的3名同学中女同学的人数，求随机变量X 的分布列和数学期望.17.（本小题满分13分）如图，在四棱锥P ABCD -中，PA ⊥底面ABCD ，AD AB ⊥，//AB DC ，2AD DC AP ===，1AB =，点E 为棱PC 的中点.⑴证明：BE DC ⊥；⑵求直线BE 与平面PBD 所成角的正弦值；⑶若F 为棱PC 上一点，满足BF AC ⊥，求二面角F AB P --的余弦值.18.（本小题满分13分） 设椭圆22221(0)x y a b a b+=>>的左、右焦点分别为1F 、2F ，右顶点为A ，上顶点为B .已知12|||AB F F =. ⑴求椭圆的离心率；⑵设P 为椭圆上异于其顶点的一点，以线段PB 为直径的圆经过点1F ，经过原点O 的直线l 与该圆相切，求直线l 的斜率.19.（本小题满分14分）已知q 和n 均为给定的大于1的自然数，设集合{0M =，1，2，...，1}q -，集合12{|A x x x x q ==++...1n n x q -+，i x M ∈，1i =，2，...，}n .⑴当2q =，3n =时，用列举法表示集合A ；⑵设s 、t A ∈，12s a a q =++...1n n a q -+，12t b b q =++...1n n b q -+，其中i a 、i b M ∈，1i =，2，...，n .证明：若n n a b <，则t s <.20.（本小题满分14分）设()()x f x x ae a R =-∈，x R ∈.已知函数()y f x =有两个零点1x ，2x ，且12x x <. ⑴求a 的取值范围； ⑵证明21x x 随着a 的减小而增大； ⑶证明12x x +随着a 的减小而增大.。