Control and Interference in Task Switching

简述任务切换流程的步骤英文回答：Task Switching.Task switching refers to the cognitive process of shifting between different tasks or activities. It involves disengaging from one task, reorienting attention to another task, and updating working memory to reflect the new task demands. Task switching is a complex cognitive process that requires executive function skills such as attention control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility.The task switching process typically involves the following steps:1. Task disengagement: This involves breaking away from the current task and stopping the associated cognitive processes.2. Task reorientation: This involves shifting attention to the new task and activating the appropriate cognitive processes.3. Working memory updating: This involves updating working memory to reflect the new task goals and requirements.4. Response execution: This involves carrying out the actions required by the new task.Task switching can be either voluntary or involuntary. Voluntary task switching occurs when an individual consciously decides to switch tasks, while involuntary task switching occurs when an external event or interruption forces the individual to switch tasks.The cost of task switching refers to the cognitive resources required to switch between tasks. The cost of task switching can be measured in terms of the time it takes to switch tasks, the accuracy of performance on the new task, and the amount of cognitive effort required toswitch tasks.The cost of task switching can be influenced by a number of factors, including:Task similarity: The more similar the two tasks are,the lower the cost of task switching.Task complexity: The more complex the two tasks are,the higher the cost of task switching.Working memory capacity: Individuals with higher working memory capacity have a lower cost of task switching.Cognitive flexibility: Individuals with highercognitive flexibility have a lower cost of task switching.Task switching is an important cognitive process that allows individuals to adapt to changing environmental demands. However, task switching can also be a source of cognitive interference, particularly when the tasks are dissimilar or complex.中文回答：任务切换。

O5MDP1Revision History1.Introduction (5)1.1. Overview (5)1.2. Specification (6)1.3. Applications of O5MDP1 (7)2.Product Description (8)2.1. Contents (8)2.2. Product Preview (8)2.3. Physical description (9)2.3.1. External View (9)2.3.2. Dimension (9)2.3.3. External Connector (10)2.3.4. Factory Default Switch (10)2.4. Functional Description (11)3.On Site Installation (13)4.Getting Started (14)4.1. PC Requirement (14)4.2. Quick Installation Guide (14)4.2.1. Connect PC and O5MDP1 to network. (14)4.2.2. Install Speco-NVR and set IP parameters on O5MDP1 (15)4.2.3. Remote video connection to O5MDP1 (17)4.2.4. Additional settings through connection to the Admin Page (19)4.2.5. Panoramic viewing through Speco-NVR (20)5.Trouble Shooting (21)5.1. No power is applied (21)5.2. Cannot connect to the Video (22)5.3. Windows Vista or Windows 7 (23)5.4. Technical Assistance (26)Appendix A – Important Notice in Exchanging SD Card (Micro SD) (27)1.1. OverviewThe O5MDP1 is panoramic IP camera offering panoramic view of 360︒ or 180︒ for covering entire surveillance area with a single IP camera. 5 Mega Pixel image from Panomorph camera module can replace up to 4 PTZ cameras and 5 fixed cameras. It enables real time transmission of synchronized video of up to 2,592x1,944(10fps) video and audio data. Remote clients can connect to O5MDP1 for the real time video/audio data through various client solutions running on PC or smart device. Real time 2-way communication is available through bidirectional audio communication feature.Designed to be a stand-alone streaming audio & video transmission device, O5MDP1 can be applied to various application area such as video security, remote video monitoring, distance education, video conference or internet broadcasting system.Vandal proof and weather proof housingwillextendtheapplication area to harsh environment of wide temperature range. Embedded PoE (Power over Ethernet, IEEE 802.3af) will enable the owner to reduce the total cost of ownership by reducing on-site wiring works for the installation.Original VideoPTZ modePan/Tilt/Zoom ControlQuad modeEach sub-screen with independent Pan/Tilt/Zoom replaces 4 independent PTZ cameras.Perimeter mode2 x180︒views with panning control for ceiling mount. One 180︒ views for wallmount. Replaces two 180︒ cameras..Up to 5 crop windows of 320 x 240. Replaces up to 5 fixed cameras.1.3. Applications of O5MDP1•Security surveillance (buildings, stores, manufacturing facilities, parking lots, banks, government facilities, military, etc.)•Remote monitoring (hospitals, kindergartens, traffic, public areas, etc.)•eleconference (Bi-directional audio conference). Remote Learning, Internet broadcasting•Weather and environmental observation2.1. ContentsThe product package contains followings :12V DC Adaptor(Optional item) 2.2. Product PreviewMain Unit PC software to allocate an IPaddress to the IP CameraPC software to view and record theA/V streaming data transmitted from2.3. Physical description2.3.1. External ViewFigure 2-1. External view of O5MDP12.3.2. DimensionUnit : mmFigure 2-2. Dimension2.3.3. External ConnectorFigure 2-3. Connector for external connection2.3.4. Factory Default SwitchFactory default switch is provided for returning the IP camera to factory default state. Unscrew the cover to access the switch. There are two functions assigned to factory default switch.1. Returning to Factory Default State : Press the switch about 5 seconds while power is applied toreturn to factory default state.2. Safe Removal of Micro-SD Card : Press the switch for 1 second to unmount Micro-SD Card for saferemoval.Figure 2-4. Factory Default switch and Micro-SD Card slotLine Output2.4. Functional Description•Power : Power input for supplying 12V DC, 1A power.Caution : If O5MDP1 is powered by PoE, do not plug in DC Jack with active DC power into DC power connector.• Network (LAN)100Mbps Ethernet connector (RJ-45) with PoE standard (802.3af). LED on the Ethernet connector shows the status of O5MDP1 as the followings:- Status LED (It will be lit in green or red depending on the status)① Green : Green color indicates that the camera is in normal operation mode. Continuous greenindicates that data transmission is possible. Blinking green means that someone is connected to O5MDP1.② Red : Continuous or blinking red indicates that hardware is in abnormal condition.• Micro SD Card slotPlease insert SD memory card when you want to use SD memory card. In case of pulling out SD memory card, please push the SD card.• MIC/Line InputConnect external audio source or microphone.• Line OutputConnect speakers with built in amplifier. Audio from remote site is output through Line out in bi-directional audio mode.LED will be lit with red momentarily and it will be lit with green after a while when power is applied into O5MDP1• Relay OutputRelay output is provided for connecting alarm devices or for remote on/off control of devices such as light. Relay is normal open and it will be closed upon alarm annunciation or remote on. The relay is capable of switching 30V AC/DC, 2A . For the application which needs power switching beyond this limit, use additional relay switch as shown in the right of Figure 2-5.* Left : switching requirement below 30V, 2A* Right : switching requirement higher than 30V, 2A. Apply this connection when either voltage orcurrent exceed the limit.Figure 2-5. RELAY Output connection• Sensor InputConnect external alarm sensor. Examples of sensing devices are infrared sensor, motion sensor, heat/smoke sensor, magnetic sensor, etc. Connect the two wires of the sensors to “S ensor Input ”. The sensor type(NC/NO) can be set in admin page. Multiple sensor devices can be connected in parallel.Figure 2-6. SENSOR input and connection of the sensorUse cables and conduits that are suitable for the installation. Particular attention should be paid in the installation so that no moisture is allowed to penetrate into the unit through the cables or conduits during the life time of the product. Products of which the internal parts are exposed to moisture because of improper installation are not covered by warranty1. Remove the top cover.2. Fix the base on the wall or ceiling.3. Adjust the rotational position of the camera for desired viewing of the site.4. Place top cover.Brief information for first time operation of O5MDP1 is provided in this chapter.4.1. PC RequirementAudio/Video streaming data received from O5MDP1 can be displayed or stored in a PC running client programs. Minimum requirement of the PC is described below:* Operating Systems supported: Windows 2000 Professional, Windows XP / Vista / 74.2. Quick Installation Guide4.2.1. Connect PC and O5MDP1 to network.1. Prepare a PC to run programs for the installation and video connection(PC is needed to assign IP address to O5MDP1)2. In the case of using PoE, connect the PC and O5MDP1 to the network using one of the following ways.If your LAN Switch does not support standard PoE, connect O5MDP1 as shown in dotted line in Figure 4-1. The DC power is applied through DC adapter.Figure 4-1. Power and network connection4.2.2. Install Speco-NVR and set IP parameters on O5MDP1Speco-NVR is a multi-channel VMS program for the IP camera. Install Speco-NVR on remote PC to connect to these products. It is needed to assign connection information to Speco-NVR program before connection. Insert the CD provided with product into the PC and install Speco-NVR.Figure 4-2. Speco-NVRFollow the sequence below for setting the IP parameter 1. Run ONSIP installer2.Click ① in ONSIP installer window.> Double click on ② > Fill in ④ > make a selection in ⑤ > Fill the parameters in ⑥ 3. Click on ⑨ to apply the settings.4.You can connect to admin page by clicking on ⑩.LAN switch with standard POE (802.3af)LAN switchONSIP InstallerClick on the field in ③for sorting and rearranging the list.Select network mode that best suits from the drop down list in ⑤. You can choose either Static or ADSL and Auto (DHCP),respectively. If ADSL and Auto are selected, the fieldsin ⑥ isdeactivated.In case of ADSL, fill the User Name and Password in ⑧ with the values provided by your ISP .If DDNS service is needed, Check at the box and fill the empty field with hostname you want in⑦.4.2.3. Remote video connection to O5MDP11. Connection through Web ViewerWeb Viewer offers simplest way of video connection to O5MDP1. For video connection, enter the IPaddress of O5MDP1 in the URL window of Internet Explorer as:Note : Active-X module should be installed on your PC before actual connection. If your PC is not connected to the internet, you cannot download Active-X module. Most convenient way ofinstalling the Active-X module is installing Speco-NVR which is available from the CD or our web site.Figure 4-3. Web ViewerDefault ID and password of Admin Page are “admin ”, “1234”.For more detailed information, please refer to the“Configuration_Guide ”Guide.[e.g.] Port 80 [e.g.] Port 8080Can be omitted the default port of 802. Connection through Speco-NVRClick the camera assignment button for setting the camera address. Input the description, address, Ch#, User ID, Password and port and then click the save button. After assignment procedure, you must click the SAVE button. You can see the live video when you click the live view button as below. When you exit Speco-NVR, you have to input the ID/PW, admin/1234. Details for Speco-NVR can be found in [Speco-NVR User’s Guide].Figure 4-4. Speco-NVRLive view Exit ProgramDefault ID/PW: admin/1234Camera AssignmentExampleSave4.2.4. Additional settings through connection to the Admin PageAll parameters of the camera are factory default out of the box. For a more sophisticated target application, parameters need to be changed through the admin page. The admin page can be connected through“http://IP_Address:Port_Number/admin.htm”ID and password of the administrator are required. Default ID and password are “admin”, “1234”.It is highly recommended to change the ID and password to prevent illegal access to the IP camera.For more detailed information,Please refer to the “Configuration_Guide”Guide.4.2.5. Panoramic viewing through Speco-NVRPanoramic viewing is supported by Speco-NVR. O5MDP1 can be installed on the ceiling or wall. In case of ceiling mount 360︒ panoramic view is offered, while 180︒ panoramic view is offered for wall mounting. To select the mounting position of the camera, "Panomorph View Type", "Panomorph Cam Position" from the pop-up menu when right mouse button is clicked on the display window of Speco-NVR.Figure 4-4. Speco-NVR Pop-up menu (Panomorph sub-menus)Panomorph View OptionWallGroundCeilingPerimeter QuadPTZPTZ5.1. No power is applied●In case of Standard PoE (Power over Ethernet)Power supply through standard PoE is possible only when the following conditions are met.1. Standard PoE is supported on the product.2. The LAN switch supports standard PoE.Make sure that both the IP camera and the LAN switch support standard PoE (IEEE 802.3af)●In case of DC adaptorIf PoE is not applied, the power and network connection should be made through separate cables.It is recommended to use DC adaptor supplied by provider for the feeding of the power. In case ofreplacing the DC power supply, make sure that the power supply meets with the powerrequirement of the IP camera to prevent damage or malfunction.5.2. Cannot connect to the VideoCheck the status of the network connection through PING test.Try the following on your PC :-Start > Run > Cmd > Ping IP address (Ex : Ping 172.16.42.51)-If “Reply from ~”message is returned (①in the figure below), the network connection is in normal state. Try connection to the video again. If the problem persists, or refer to other trouble shooting notes.-If “Request timed out” message is returned. (②in the figure below), the network connection or network setting is not in normal state. Check the network cable and settings.5.3. Windows Vista or Windows 7Windows Vista and Windows 7 users need to configure UAC (User Access Control) and Privilege Level for proper recording and still video capture in Speco-NVR and Web Viewer.<Windows Vista>1. UAC (User Access Control) configuration1) Double-click “User Accounts” in c ontrol panel2) Double-click “Turn User Account Control on or off”3) Uncheck “Use UAC to help protect your computer”2. Privilege Level Control1) Select “NVR” icon on the desktop2) Click right mouse button and select “Properties”3) Check “Privilege Level” in “Compatibility” tab<Windows 7>1. UAC (User Access Control) configuration1) Double-click “User Accounts” in control panel2) Double-click “Change User Account Control setting”3) Set to “Never notify”2. Privilege Level Control1) Sele ct “NVR” icon on the desktop2) Click right mouse button and select “properties”3) Check “Privilege Level” in “Compatibility” tab5.4. Technical AssistanceIf you need any technical assistance, please contact your dealer. For immediate service please provide thefollowing information.1. Model name2. MAC address and Registration number3. Purchase date4. Description of the problem5. Error messageSD Card is a non-volatile memory device for storing video and audio data on the product. Continued writing to the SD Card will cause wear-off of the memory cell.When you plug out the SD Card for replacement or other purpose, follow the steps below in order to prevent data loss or crash of the SD Card.1. Press factory default button for 1 sec to unmount the SD Card .●SD Card can also be unmounted by going to Admin Page -> Sensor&Capture Setup andclicking on CONFIRM button at the right of SD Card Unmount menu.2. Unplug the SD Card .●If no action is taken within 1 minute, SD Card will be mounted again.3. Plug in new SD Card4. If the SD Card is a new one for the IP camera, format the SD Card by following through the stepsbelow.●Go to Admin Page -> Sensor & Capture Setup●In the SD Card management menu, click on CONFIRM button at the right of SD Card Format.For more detailed information regarding connection to admin page,please refer to the “Configuration_Guide” Guide.。

航空专业术语缩写单词AA/CA/ICE ABS AC ACIA ACM ACMP ACN ACP ACSU ACT ACU ADC ADCU ADF ADG ADI ADM ADRP ADSADSHCADV AECU AFCS AGB AGC AGL AHC AHM AHRS AHSAIDAIL AIS 飞机防冰确定的沟通电异步通信接口转换器空气循环机沟通马达泵飞机分类数字音频掌握面板自动掌握开关装置活动的空气调整装置大气数据计算机自动开放掌握装置无线电罗盘空气驱动发电机姿势方向指示器大气数据模块大气数据参考面板大气数据系统大气数据传感器加热控制器高级音频电子掌握装置自动飞行掌握系统附件箱自动增益掌握地平线上姿势和方向计算机姿势保持模式姿势和方向参考系统姿势方向系统飞机接口差异飞机安装延迟副翼音频合成系统AircraftAnti-IceAbsoluteAlternating CurrerntAsynchronous Communications Interface AdapterAir Cycle MachineAlternation Currert Motor PumpAireraft Classification NumberAudil Control PanelAudio Control Switching UnitActiveAir Conditioning UnitAir Data ComputerAutodeploy Control UnitAutomatic Direction FinderAir Driven GeneratorAttitude Director IndicatirAir Data ModuleAir Data Reference PanelAir Datd SystemAir Data Scndor Heater ControllersAdvanceAudio Electronic Control UnitAutomatic Flight Control SystemAccessory Gear BoxAutomatic Gain ControlAbove Ground LevelAttitude and Heading ComputerAttitude Hold ModeAttitude and Heading Reference SystemAttitude Heading SystemAircraft Interface DiscrepancyAireraft Installation DelayAileronAudio Ontegrating SystemALT ALTN ALTS ALTSEL AM AME AMMAMTOSSANT AOA AOGAP APC/EPC APD/CL APPR APRAPU AR ARINC ARM ARP ASA ASCU ASIATCATCRBS ATE ATR ATS ATT AUTBB/C 高度交替高度选择高度预选调幅调幅等效飞机维护手册飞机维护任务指导支持系统天线缚着角〔迎角〕停机坪自动驾驶关心动力备用电动接触器附带电动接触器进出面板和门部件位置接近自动电力贮存自动性能贮备关心动力装置如所需的航空无线电公司飞机恢复手册机场参考点飞机分别保险防滑掌握装置空速指示器空中交通掌握自动配平空中交通雷达信标系统自动测试装置油门自动延迟空气涡轮起动机姿势自动调谐返回过程〔逆程〕回波〔定位〕AltitudeAlternateAltitude SelectAltitude PreselectAmplitude ModulationAmplitude Modulation EquivalentAircraft Mainterance ManualAircraft Mainterance Task Oriented SupportSystemAntennaAngle Of AttackAirctaft on GroundAutopilotAuxiliary PowerAuxiliary Power ContactorExternal Power ContactorAccess Panels and DoorsComponent LocationApproachAutomatic Power ReserveAutomatic Perfkrmance ReserveAuxiliary Power UnitAs RequiredAeronautical Radio OncorporatedAircraft Recovery ManualAirport Reference PointAircraft Separation AssuranceAircraft Control UnitAir Speed IndicatorAir Traffic ControlAutomatic TrimAir Traffic Control Radar Beacon SystemAutomatic Test EquipmentAutomatic Throttle RetarderAir Turbine StarterAttitudeAutomatic or AutotneBack Course (Localizer)Back Course (locaoizer)BARO BAT BCD BFO BIT BITE BL BNK BNR BPSU BRGBRTBTBR BTMS BTMU BUTE BZL C CAL CAPCASCB CBIT CBP CCP CCW CDH CDI CDP CDU CES CHR CKPT CKT CLM CLR CMA 气压电池十进制二进制表示法差频振荡器内置测试内置测试装置尾线倾斜二进制小数表示法刹车和位置传感装置轴承光明的光明汇流条连接断电继电器刹车测试监视系统刹车测试监视装置后缘上弯遮挡板校准获得机组警告系统断路器连续集成测试断路器面板方向掌握面板须时针计数器静压差航向偏差显示压缩器释压掌握显示装置加拿大航空装备说明书周密时针座舱电路爬高去除甚低频接收机Barometric PressureBatteryBinary Coded DecimalBeat FrequencyBuilt In TestBuilt In Test EquipmentButtock LineBankBinary Fractional NitationBrake and Position Sensor UnitBearingBrightBrightnessBus Tie Breaker RelayBrake Temperature Monitoring SystemBrake Temperature Monitoring UnitBent Up Trailing EdgeBezelCalibrateCaptureCrew Alerting SystemCalibrated Air SpeedCircuit BreakerContinuous BITCircuit Breaker PanelCompass Control PanelCounter ClockwiseClearance Delivery HeadConrse Deviation IndicatorCompressor Discharge PressureControl Display PyessureCanadair Equipment SpecificationChronometerCockpitCircuitClimbClearVLF/Omega ReceiverCMM COMM CPAM CPC CPU CRS CRT CSD CSDBCSUCTCTA CTL CVRCWDDA DADS DB DBU DC DCP DCU DDM DEG DES DEV DGDHDIR DISC DIST DME DMEHLD DN DOT DPDT 部件维护手册通讯座舱增压装置座舱增压掌握器中心处理器航道阴极射线管恒速传动装置柯林斯串行数据总线中心搭接组件外形测量组件掌握变压器电流互感器组件掌握；通讯/导航调谐装置座舱录音装置连续波须时针偏流角数字式大气数据系统分贝数据装载器直流电显示掌握面板数据集中装置调幅度差度下降偏差方位陀螺决断高度直接断开距离测距机测距机保持放下运输部门双刀双掷开关Component Maintenance ManualCommunicateonCabin Pressure Acpuisition ModuleCabin Pressure ControllerCentral Processing UnitCourseCathode Ray TubeConstant Speed DriveCollins Serial Data BusCentralized Strapping UnitConfiguration Strapping UnitControl TransformerCurrent Trandformer AssemblyControl;Comm/NAV Tuning UnitCockpit Voice RecorderContinuous WaveClockwiseDrift AngleDigital Air Data SystemDecibelData Base UnitDirect CurrentDisplay Control PanelData Concentrator UnitDifference in Depth of ModulationDegreeDescendDeviationDirectional GyroDecision HeightDirectDisconnectDistanceDistance Measuring EquipmentDME HoldDownDepartment Of TransportDouble Pole Double ThrowDPL DR DSABL DSDD DSP DSPL EE ECP ECS ECU ED1 ED2 EDP EDU 零部件详表航迹推算法截止、不适用双面双密度数字信号处理器显示升降舵EICAS 掌握面板环境掌握系统电子掌握系统EICAS1 主显示EICAS2 次显示发动机驱动器电子显示装置Detailed Parts ListDead ReckoningDosableDouble-Sided Double-DensityDigital Signal ProcessorDisplayElevatorEICAS Control PanelEnvironmental Control SystemElectronic Control UnitEICAS1 Primary DisplayEICAS2 Sexondary DisplayEngine Driven PumpElectronic Display UnitEEPROMEFD EFIS EGT EHSVEICASELEC ELEV DLT EMETEMG EMFEMI ENABL ENG ENTEPEPC EPRR EPTC ESSETETA 电力地可擦除可编程只读存储器电子飞行显示电子飞行仪表系统喷气温度电子液压伺服阀发动机指示与机组警告系统有关电的升降舵应急定位放射机应急电动势电磁干扰能够接合进入外部动力〔外部电源〕外部电源接头外部电源预备继电器主电源转换接触器重要已飞时间估量到达时间Electrically Erasable ProgrammableRead-Only MemoryElectronic Flight DisplayElectronic Flight Instrument SystemExhaust Gas TemperatureElectrohydraulic ServovalveEngine 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FlowFault Isolation ManualFIM ContentsFlight LevelFlight PlanFlight Management ComputerFrequency Modulated Cpntinuous WaveFlight Management SystemFuel Quantity Qauging ControllerFromFuel System ComputerFuel System Computer UnitGainGo-AroundGenerator Cibtactor DriverGenerator Control RelayGround Clutter SuppressionGenerator Control UnitGeneratorGenerator Line ContactorGenerator Line Contctor-Generator SectionGLCR GLD GMT GND GPS GPWC GPWR GPWS GSG/S GTC GTCP GTOW H HDG HF HGC HGS HIRF HLD HOT HP HPA HR HIS HSTA HSTCS HSTCU HTR HYD II/O IAPS IAS IAW IBIT IC ICC ICP 发电机线路接触器继电器发电机线路接触器格林威治标准时间地面全球位置系统近地警告计算机地面电源近地警告系统滑翔斜率地面速度发电机切换接触器喷气涡轮压缩器最大起飞重量航向高频抬头指引计算机抬头指引系统〔平显〕高强度辐射场保持高滑油温度高压百帕小时水平状态指示器水平安定面配平作动筒水平安定面配平掌握系统水平安定面配平掌握装置加热器液压输入/输出综合电子处理系统指示空速适合于起始位内话IAPS 插件箱机内通话掌握面板Generator Line Contactor RelayGround Lift DumpingGreenwich Mean TimeGroundGlobal Position SystemGround Proimity Warning ComputerGround PowerGround Proximity Warning SystemGlidcslopeGround SpeedGenerator Transfer ContactorGas Turbine Compressor PneumaticGross Take-Off WeightHeadingHigh FrquencyHead-up Guidance ComputerHead-up Guidance SystemHigh Intensity Radiated FieldsHoldsHigh Oil TemperatureHigh PressureHecto PascalsHourHorizontal Situation IndicatorHorizontal Stabilizer Trim ActuatorHorizontal Stabilizer Trim Control SystemHorizontal Stabo;ozer Tro, Control UnitHeaterHydraulicInput/OntputIntegrated Avionics Processor SystemIndicated AirspeedIn Accordance WithInitiater BitIntercomIAPS Card CageInterphone Control PanelICTA ICUIDIDG IDS IDX IEC IEUIFIFF IGV ILSIM IMT INBD INHM INPH INS INST INSTL INT/SVC INTEG INTLK IOC IPC IRC IRS IRUISAISOL ITT 仪表变流器组件机内通话掌握盒识别整体驱动发电机仪表显示系统索引IAPS 环境掌握器机内通话电子设备中频敌友识别进口导向器叶片仪表着陆系统内信标台仪表固定座内侧汞柱/英尺机内通话惯性导航系统仪表安装内话/开关音量掌握完整的机内时钟输入/输出集合器部件图解分类仪表遥控惯性基准系统惯性基准装置国际标准大气温度隔离内涡轮温度Instri,emt Cirremt Tramsfpr,er AssemblyInterphone Control UnitIdentIntegrated Drive GeneratorInstrumcnt Display SystemIddexIAPS Environmental ControllerInterphone Electronics UnitIntermediate FrequencyIkentity Friend FoeInlert Guide VanesInstrument Ianding SystemInner MarkerInstrument Mounting TrayInboardInches of MercuryInterphoneInertial Navigation SystemInstrumentInstallationInterphone/Switch Volume ControlIntegralInterlockInprt/Outprut ConcentratorIllustrated Parts CatalogInstrument Remote ControlInertial Reference SystemInertial Reference UnitInternational Standard AtmosphereTemperatureIsolationInterturbine TemperatureIVSIJ惯性引导垂直分速显示器Inertial Lead Vertical Speed IndicatorJB 接线盒Junction Box喷气式发动机维护任务支Jet Engine Maintenance Task Oriented JEMTOSSK持系统Support SystemKHZ 千赫KilohertzKTS KVAL LADV LAT LCD LCT LCTA LCV LD LDU LED LGCU LH LHP LOC LON LOP LPT LRM LRN LRU LSD LTRLV LVDT LVLCHG LWDM MAG MAN MAX MDA MDC MDU NEL MEM MES MFC 节千伏安线性上升纬度液晶显示线路互感器线路互感器组件负载掌握阀下边带数据信号灯驱动装置发光二级管起落架掌握装置左手雷电/高强度辐射保护当地时间经度低滑油压力低压力涡轮可快速更换部件大范围的领航〔远程导航〕线路可更换组件最小有效数字字母下边带线性变量差接变压器水平变化左翼下磁性的手册最大最小下滑高度维护诊断计算机人工释放装置最小设备清单内存模块主发动机起动机械燃油掌握KnotsKilo Volt AmperesLine AdvanceLatitudeLiquid Crystal DisplayLine Current TransformerLine Current Transformer AssemblyLoad Control ValveLower Sideband DataLamp Driver UnitLight Emitting DiodeLanding Gear Control UnitLeft HandLightning/HIRF ProtectorLocal Time ,LocalizerLongitudeLow Oil PressureLow Pressure TurbineLine Replaceable ModuleLong-Range NavigationLine Replaceeable UnitLest Significant DigitLetterLover sideband VoiceLinear Variable Differential TransformerLevel ChangeLeft Wing DownMagneticManualMaximumMinimum Dedcent AltiudeMaintenance Diagnoetic ConputerManual Deployment UnitMinimum Equipment ListMemory ModuleMain Engine StartMechanical Fuel ControlMFD MGMT MIC MISC MLG MLI MLS MM MMEL MMO MSD MSG MSU MUX N NAV NCD NDB NEG NLG NORM NP NVI NVM OOM OVBD OVHT OVLD PPA PAA PAC PAU PBM PBSOV PCB PCU PDC 多功能显示治理话筒综合主起落架磁性水平指示器微波着陆系统中间信标台主最小设备清单最大马赫数大多数重要数字信息方式选择装置多路转换器导航无计算数据无方向信标台领航的前起落架正常的不行获得的无方向中断永久性内存外信标台机外过热过载旅客地址旅客地址放大器航迹衰减补偿便携式分析系统压力偏差调整停机刹车断流阀印刷线路板动力掌握装置压力放出压缩器Multifunction DisplayManagementMicrophoneMiscellaneousMain Landing GearMagnetic Level IndicatersMicrowave Landing SystemMiddle MarkerMaster Minimum Equipment ListMach,Nax OperatingMost Sognificant DigitMessageMode Select UnitMultiplexerNavigationNo Computecd DataNon-Directional BeaconNegativeNose Landing GsarNormalNonprocurableNonvectored InterruptNonvolatile MemoryOuter MarkerOverboardOverheatOverloadPassenger AddressPassenger Assress AmplifierPath Attenuation CorrectionPortable Analysis UnitPressure Bias ModulationParking Brake Shutoff ValvePronted Corcuot BoardPower Cpntrol UnitPressure DisCharge CompressorPDU PEP PESOV PFCU PFD PIT PLA PMA PMG POC POR POS PPBM PPH PPI PR PRE PRI PROM PSEU PSI PSS PSU PTOPTTPVC PWR Q QRB RR/T RA RAC RAD RAM RAT RCCB RCIM 动力驱动装置峰值包线功率压力调整/断流阀俯仰感觉掌握装置主飞行显示俯仰动力水平角部件制造厂永久磁铁发电机上电去除法规点位置〔垂直流淌〕动力装置装配手册磅每小时打算位置指示器电源继电器预置主要的可编程只读存储器电子接近传感装置磅每平方英寸接近传感系统旅客效劳装置动力起飞推—讲话按下—测试PVC 材料电源快卸扣收/发机无线电高度表无线电高度计算机径向的随机存储器涡轮喷气发动机远程掌握线路断路器滚动掌握输入模块Power Drive UnitPeak Envelope PowerPressure Regulating/Shutoff ValvePitch Feel Control UnitPrimary Flight DisplayPitchPower Lever AneratorPart Manufacturing AuthorixationPermanent Magnet GeneratorPower-On ClearPoint Of RegulationPosition(vertical scroll)Power Plant Buildup ManualPounds Per HourPlan Positiin IndicatorPower RelayPresetPriaryProgammable Read-Only MemoryProximity Sensor Electronic UnitPounds per Square InchProximity Sensor SystemPassenger Service UnitPower TakeoffPush-To-TalkPress-To-TestPolyvinyl ChloridePowerQuick-Release BucklcReceiver/TransmitterRadio AltitudeRadio Altimeter ComputerRadialRandom Access MemortRam Air TurbineRemote Control Circuit BreakerRoll Control Input ModuleRCP RCU RDR REL REV RF RH RMI RMS RMT ROL RPM R/S RSS RT RTN RTU RUD RVDT RWD SSA SAI SAT SAW SBWSCDSDI SECU SEL SELCAL SMT SNSR SOV SPC SPD SPM SQ 远程补偿面板远程补偿装置雷达相关的回复无线电频率右手无线电磁指示器均值方根远程的滚动转每分钟复位/设置无线电传感器系统无线电传输返回无线电调谐装置方向舵循环变量差接变压器在右机翼下备用高度表备用空速指示器静压空气温度外表声波电操纵掌握局部详图掌握源图源/目标区分器阻流板电子掌握装置选择选择呼叫舵机固定盘传感器断流阀失速保护计算机速度冲程每分钟静噪Remote Compensation PanelRemote Compensation UnitRadarRelativeReversionRadio FrequencyRight HandRadio Magnetic IndicatorRoot Mean SquareRemoteRollRevolutions Per MinuteReset/SetRadio Sensor SystemRadio TransmitReturnRadio Tuning UnitRudderRotary Variable Differential TransformerRight Wing DownStandby AltimeterStandby Airspeed IndicatorStatic Air TemperatureSurface Acoustic WaveSteer-By-WireSpecification Control DrawingSonrce Cintril DrawingSouree/Destination IdwntifierSpoiler Electronic control UnitSelectSelective CallingServo Mounting TraySensorShutoff ValveStall Protedtion ConuterSpeedStrikes Per MinuteSquelchSRM SSSSMSSV STAB STAT STBY STC SVO SYNC SYSCTRL TT/RTA TAS TAT TCAS TCTA TD TDR TFCTGTTOGA TRK TRU TTG TURB TWR TXU 构造修理手册失速速度信号状态系统简图手册电磁选择阀安定面状态备用灵敏度时间掌握伺服非同步的系统掌握反推交通警告真空速总空气温度交通警告和防撞系统连接电流互感器组件时间延迟应答机交通靶涡轮电动机气体温度起飞轨迹变压器整流器组件动身时间紊流气象雷达放射Structural Repair ManualStall SpeedSign Starys MatrixSystem Schematic ManualSolenoid Selector ValveStabilization ; StabilizerStatusStandbySensitivity Time ControlServoStncheonizeSystem ControlThrust ReverserTraffic AlertTrue AirspeedTotal Air TemperatureTraffic alert and Collision Avoidance SystemTie Current Trandformer AssemblyTime DelayTransponderTrafficTargetTurbine Gas TemperatureTake Off Go AroundTrackTransformer Rectifier UnitTime To GoturbulenceTurbulenec Weather RadarTransmitUARTUD UHF UHLK ULD UMT 全球异步接收机/放射机上边带数据超高频解锁水下定位装置通用固定盘UniversalReceiver/TransmitterUpper Sideband DataUltra-High FrequencyUnlockUnderwater Locator DeviceUniversal Mounting TrayAsynchronousUSTB UTC UVVV1V2 VAC VDCVGVGD VHF VHS VMO VNAV VNRVORVS VSI VSPDS WW/LWM WOW WPT WR WRS WRP X XDCR XFER XTK YYD YDS MISC 担忧定的通用时间坐标上边带声音起飞决断速度起飞安全参考速度沟通伏特直流伏特可变外形尺寸垂直罗盘变截面进气道甚高频超主速最大空速垂直导航VHF 导航接收机甚高频全方位天线电测向仪垂直速度垂直速度指示器空速水平线翼平线布线手册机轮承重道路气象雷达气象雷达系统气象雷达面板功率转送器电流转移十字穿插偏航阻尼器偏航阻尼器系统UnstabilizedUniversal Time CoordinatedUpper Sideband VoiceTakeoff Dexision Heught Reference AurspeedTakeoff Safety Speed Reference AirspeedVolts Alternating CurrentVots Sirect CurrentVariable GeometryVertical GyroVariavle Geometry DiffuserVery High FrequencyVery High SpeedAirspeed,Max OperatingVertical NavigationVHF Navigation ReceiverVHF Omnidirectional RangeVertical SpeedVertical Speed IndicatorAirspeedsWater LineWing LeveWiring ManualWeight-On-WheclsWaypointWeather RadarWeather Radat SystemWeather Radat PanelTransducer CurrentTransferCrosstrackYaw DamperYaw Damper System3CM 4POT ΔP 第三机组成员四刀双掷开关(ΔP)压差Third Crew MemberFour Pole Double Throw〔DELTA P〕Differential Pressure。

NC switching power supplyAbstractThis system based on 51 SCM control unit, used for LM2576-wild numerical control a switching power supply of fuzzy digital control technology, adjust load R1, R2 proportion to change occupies empties compared to make the output stability, and can be through the buttons, digital display to realize output voltage numerical control. In addition, the system to input pressure, flow, input output flow, switch tube overheat as well as the protection circuit, ensure that the system is stable and reliable.Key words: the numerical control switch power supply，LM2576-wild microcontrollerThe first chapter tasks and requirements(a) The taskDesign and construction of a switching power supply, its structure diagram shown as shown in figure 1(b) Requirements1, basic requirements(1) Basic specifications: input voltage: + 10 V/DC (fluctuating range 8 to 12 V)Output voltage: + 2.5 V/DC ~ + 6.5 V/DC(2)The basic technical index:The output of subsection power shift, and 8 from + 2.5 V to 6.5 V +, and every 0.5 V increase. Namely (2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6)Efficiency: 70% (p < + 2.5 V/DC, 1 A testing accurate)Maximum output current: 2 A; Voltage adjustment rate: 2% or less; Current adjust rate: 2% or less(3) Can be arbitrary tuned to the requirements of the output voltage, and with a certain way of the display.(4) can be arbitrary through the keyboard control open/close the output voltage.2. Play a part(1)Have over-voltage protection, input voltage protection movement, there are 15 V over current protection, more than 3 A output current protection movement(2) Improve efficiency: 80% (p < circuit to + 2.5 V/DC, 2 A testing accurate)(3)The ripple: 1% or less (+ 2.5 V/DC, 2 A 20 MHz oscilloscope testing accurate)(4) Press from low to high or from high to low order automatically change the output voltage, each file 2 ~ 3 seconds, between time and space in the test.The second chapter scheme comparison and selectionPlan 1:the division components, such as Self-excitation switching power supply, the circuit principle diagram is as follows:The input voltage for AC220v, 50 Hz ac alternating current, after filtering, again by rectifier bridge after rectifying into a dc, through the control circuit switch tube conduction and globe make high frequency transformer of a low voltage measurement produce high-frequency voltage, small power by high-frequency transformer coupling to second test, then through rectifier filter, get dc voltage output. In order to make the output voltage stability, with the TL431 sampling error, the optical coupling amplifier, through the PWM to control switch tube conduction and deadline (i.e. occupies empties compared), makes the output voltage remain stable.From the foregoing, this scheme circuit is more complex, difficult, so don't debugging feasible.Plan2：DC-DC transform the BUCK type with A/D converter, and constantly testing power output voltage, depending on the power supply output voltage and of the difference of the set value, use of PWM module PWM waves in output, direct control of the power supply. ARM extended buttons, digital display to realize the numerical control output voltage.This scheme is simple, but all the circuit by division components, interference; And PWM module single-chip microcomputer control program is complicated, consider 52 and A/D program between factors, will cause the output of the PWM delay, distortion, so that the output voltage is not quite stable, and so on.Plan 3: the special chip power LM2576-such as wild, its typical circuit are as follows:LM2576 series of stabilizer which are monolithic integrated circuit, can provide the buck switching voltage regulators (buck) all sorts of functions, can drive 3 A load, have excellent linear and load adjustment ability, and LM2576 stabilizer interior contains frequency compensation device and A fixed frequency as its, the number of the external components can be minimized, and easy to use.This scheme, 220 V / 50 Hz ac voltage after rectifying circuit and DC/DC voltage chip LM2576 wild transformation for stable-DC voltage, and then through the adjustment of the relationship of scale and R2 R1 to adjust LM2576 chip of the input output voltage stability than empty. An external circuit components number less, and the program is simple, and the output voltage stability is good.Through various program, feasibility, complexity, system index comparative advantages and disadvantages of each scheme, comprehensive, we use the third plan.In the third chapter of the system hardware design(a)The design of the whole system1. The design thoughtSystem to monolithic integrated circuit AT89S52, LM2576-for the core part, and the wild through the monolithic integrated circuit to output voltage gather, comparison, operations, and the output voltage control, automatic regulation system structure diagram shown as shown in figure 1.220 V / 50 Hz ac voltage after rectifying circuit and DC/DC voltage chip LM2576 wild transformation for stable-5 ~ 12 V DC voltage output, the output voltage through sampling circuit by sampling, A/D conversion chip ADC0804 after converting to 52 after processing, control simulation electron switch to choose 4051 respectively the nine potentiometer R2, change R1 and R2 ratio values, which change LM2576-of the wild chip PWM pulse of empty, MOS tubes work than to switch state in, the input of 15 V DC voltage "chopped" for the and of the same frequency PWM waves pulse wave, pulse wave through the rectifier filter circuit output for 5 ~ 12 V DC voltage. Because of this the topic request have nine output stepping demand, so can tune in advance each voltage resistance, through the corresponding key choice output voltage, directly to the analog switch 4067 choose resistance, they can get to output voltage. At the same time, to detect the voltage, current value through the display LCD1062 real-time display. If working current is too big, the flow detection circuit will be sent to the testing results of single-chip microcomputer, SCM control relay through the ac branch realize over-current protection system in fault, after the operation is set by the reset button to may cause the system to resume normal work.2. The block diagram of the whole system(b) Unit circuit function and the analysis of the operation1. Minimum AT89S52 SCM systemMinimum system including crystal oscillator circuit and reset switch and power supply parts. Figure 2 for the minimum AT89S52 SCM system.2. Rectifier circuit.The wave rectifier circuit is made up of two half wave of rectifier circuit. Because in the next two, add on miens input voltage of the opposite polarity, therefore, to a dynamic balance, in every signal cycle, the C1 and C2 experience 2 times charger, discharge process, current will appear two current pulse with polarity. So in addition to the V o saw tooth wave on the wavy frequency, improve the ability of double filtering, thus reduce ripple voltage.3.Power supply circuitThe dc power by power supply, filtering, protection, such as voltage, four basic modules.(1)The power transformer USES a step-down transformer, the power grid voltage 220 V transform into need ac voltage. The ac voltageAfter rectifying, may obtain electronic equipment need dc voltage.(2) Use rectifier circuit bridge rectifier circuit single-phase, 50 Hz ac alternating current transformation for direction invariable but still has the pulse size straight Flow electricity. Its advantage is high voltage ripple voltage, small, the utilization rate of transformer high. This design by A bridge pile of bridge rectifier, RS808 do maximum current can reach 8 A, cooperate with the design of the large filter capacitance, so the power of the instantaneous large current power supply characteristics, low noise, good reaction speed, output ripple small.（3）Filter circuit using capacitance filter circuit, will the pulsation of the rectifier circuit output filter, get most of the components is smooth dc the electricity. This circuit adopts 4700 u F / 50 V large capacitance C3, C4 to make the output voltage more smooth, the power supply characteristics moment, suitable for take the perceptual load, such as motor start-up. C3, C4 every parallel connection a 0.1 u F / 63 V CBB capacitance, filter to high frequency interference, make input to integrated circuits L11, L12 of dc as far as possible the smooth and pure.（4）By LM317 output voltage circuit is power, LM337 output negative supply. LM317 and LM337 are used internal heat Load, contains over current protection, hot off and safety working area for perfect protection circuit, that power can save the fuse, and so easy loss device. Regulating circuit: to meet the needs of the differentapplication situation and the voltage is set to can be adjusted. The calculation of the output voltage Vo = 1.25 x (1 + Rf/R), adjustable resistance in use precision can be resistor and guarantee the precise output voltage can be adjusted. If this article chooses for 5 k of Rf Ω, R for 270 Ω combination, can respectively on 1.25 V ~ 24 V 1.25 V ~ 24 V achieve continuous adjustable between.（5）Protection circuit for linear power supply heat, so the power larger add enough radiator. Due to the high performance integrated circuit, which can simplify the circuit structure, highlighting the important part in the power transformation. Through the commissioning and testing, good performance. The whole circuit The power not only can be used alone, also can be in other electronic equipment used in voltage or current stabilization source use.4. LM2576-voltage circuit wildWorking principle:Assume that the switch transistors, diodes are ideal components, inductance and capacitance is ideal components, the output voltage ripple voltage output voltage and the ratio of the small to allow oversight.According to the current cycle to begin in IL inductance is starting from scratch, can be divided into current continuous working mode and inductance inductive current is discontinuous work patterns. Due to the continuous work mode inductance current converter, have very good control characteristic; Inductive current is discontinuous work mode, put the electric, inductance and capacitance easy to produce the oscillation, thus affecting the output voltage ripple; And the same occupies empties compared, output voltage in discrete model under the mode of work than the big, high efficiency. To sum up, the most ideal situation is in critical condition, stabilizer which work so we use two kinds of methods:(1)The increase of the inductance inductive energy storage, increase, and extend the discharge of time(2)Improve the work and reduce the frequency switch timeMake transistor in current continuous state.5. The whole wave output rectifier circuit parameter analysisOutput filter by free-wheeling diode rectifier circuit, inductance and capacitance composition. Consider free-wheeling diode in tube by PMOS transistor conduction, when energy consumption, and work in the state, so we used the low powerconsumption, high current, high-speed Scotty diodes IN5817, the characteristics as follows:Maximum peak reverse voltage: 40 VThe biggest reverse RMS voltage: 28 VThe biggest dc voltage: 40 V blockThe biggest positive average rectifier current: 1 AThe biggest positive pressure drop: 0.6 V (1 A)BUCK converter principle by analysis shows that in order to make work in inductive current circuit continuous mode, and the ripple voltage2221()88o o o s s V V D V t tT T LC LC=-= So as far as possible, should be made great inductance we choose for 8 mHinductanceCapacitors mainly is the "absorb" ripple with a smooth, the role of the voltagewaveform. Capacitance and inductance is equivalent to a low pass filtering filter, thecut-off frequency defined asfc =Considering the capacitance equivalent series resistance losses, we choose the capacitance for 1000 uF.562c f Hz ==≈ ()(2~4)gs th V V =-- At this time the cut-off frequency of about 562 Hz ac, visible to dozens of kHz PWM waves have very good filtering effect.6. Input over-voltage protectionWhen the input voltage in the normal range, the input sampling voltage comparator, less than the benchmark voltage output low level; When the input pressure, input voltage is greater than the benchmark sampling comparison output voltage, high level, ARM produce external interruption, warning, blockade, make PMOS transistor tube PWM signal, in order to protect the circuit damage.7. Over-current protectionUsually with hall current sensor detection of current directly PMOS transistor, and then with setting the Id threshold value, compared with comparison to control the output of the driver signal shut off; Or by indirect method, the flow test voltage when the voltage drop the Vsd PMOS transistor, because the pressure drop containsshort-circuit current information flow, when the Vsd increasing, and basically for linear relationship between the flow of testing, when the Vsd and with setting the threshold value is used in the comparison, the comparator output control power circuit of the shutoff.8. LCD display circuitChapter 5 system commissioning1. The software debuggingThe design of the software is more simple, only the keys and LCD display two modules. Through the key control output voltage and the change of the commissioning, a began to discover that step is sometimes 0.5 v, sometimes become 1 v, then add the delay, eliminate buttons dither program can.2. Hardware debuggingFirst of all, points module debugging. First, then debugging power moduleLM2576-and 4067 wild voltage analog switch module, first with high and low level directly elected 4067, using a millimeters to measure the output voltage is correct, after right in with 4067 single-chip microcomputer control, observation output voltage, with a screwdriver fine-tuning nine R2 resistance, change and a number of R2 R1 toadjust output voltage. Through these preliminary commissioning, the output voltage tend to be normal.3. The machine commissioning1) the output voltage can only to 5.62 v, highest can't carry it up again.Reason: analog switch of the 4067 working voltage and choose too small.The solution: the microcontroller output and 4067 a transistor, indirect transistor is in state, when transistor switch when closed, 4067 the voltage by large voltage choose, so that, once the single-chip microcomputer choose the 4067, the working voltage increase.2) Keys pressed, found the step voltage is sometimes 0.5 v, sometimes is 1 v. Reason: usually we keys pressed, there will be delay jitter effect.Solution: in the program and button in case time delay jitter program.3) when the SCM P1 mouth directly elected in 4067 the output, measured using a multimedia P1 mouth output level, found that total for the low level, will single-chip microcomputer and 4067 connections disconnected, using a multimedia after in the mouth output level, found the P1 normal.Reason: 52 chip is with a erase program after board of the smallest system directly into the general effect, choose 4067 output level will be down.The solution: the press the reset button 52 single chip can.Chapter 6 system tests1. The test project circuit2. Testing instrumentsThree and a half digital multimedia (MASTECH my61)Dc power supply (MOTECH LPS-305)Digital oscilloscopes (Tektronix TDS 1002)3. Test results1) in the input voltage for 15 V, respectively for 200 ohm load, 150 ohm, 100 ohm, output voltage accuracy of the test2) in the input voltage for 15 V, load resistance for nominal resistance (i.e. current for 500 mA), output ripple voltage and efficiency test3) the input voltage change circumstances, output voltage ripple and efficiency, precision testingFrom the table three can see, calibration constant input voltage, the higher the voltage, the ripple voltage, the greater the input current is smaller, the lower the efficiency.【reference 】[1]Gao JiXiang. Analog electronic circuit design [M]. Beijing electronic industry press, 2007[2] ZhouZhiGuang. Microcontroller technology and application [M]. Hunan zhongnanuniversity press, 2005[3] YanShi. Digital electronic technology base 【M 】higher education press. Beijing. 2004[4] PengJieHua. The "curriculum design of electronic technology [M]. Beijing guidance ofhigher education press, 1999[5] HuangYouQuan. LiGuiPing. Based on the design of many Chinese characters AT89S52display 【J 】. Electronic design engineering, 2008数控开关稳压电源摘要本系统基于51单片机为控制单元，采用LM2576-ADJ数控开关稳压电源中的模糊数字控制技术，调整负载R1,R2比例来改变占空比使输出稳定，并且可通过按键、数码显示实现输出电压数控。

华北电力大学毕业设计(论文)题目基于RBF神经网络整定的PID控制器设计及仿真基于RBF神经网络整定的PID控制器设计及仿真摘要目前，因为PID控制具有简单的控制结构，可通过调节比例积分和微分取得基本满意的控制性能，在实际应用中又较易于整定，所以广泛应用于过程控制和运动控制中，尤其在可建立精确模型的确定性控制系统中应用比较多。

然而随着现代工业过程的日益复杂，对控制要求的逐步增高（如稳定性、准确性、快速性等），经典控制理论面临着严重的挑战。

对工业控制领域中非线性系统，采用传统PID 控制不能获得满意的控制效果。

采用基于梯度下降算法优化RBF神经网络，它将神经网络和PID控制技术融为一体，既具有常规PID控制器结构简单、物理意义明确的优点，同时又具有神经网络自学习、自适应的功能。

因此，本文通过对RBF神经网络的结构和计算方法的学习，设计一个基于RBF神经网络整定的PID控制器，构建其模型，进而编写M语言程序。

运用MATLAB软件对所设计的RBF神经网络整定的PID控制算法进行仿真研究。

然后再进一步通过仿真实验数据，研究本控制系统的稳定性，鲁棒性，抗干扰能力等。

关键词：PID；RBF神经网络；参数整定SETTING OF THE PID CONTROLLER BASED ON RBF NEURAL NETWORK DESIGN AND SIMULATIONAbstractAt present, because the PID control has a simple control structure, through adjusting the proportional integral and differential gain basic satisfactory control performance, and is relatively easy to setting in practical application, so widely used in process control and motion control, especially in the accurate model can be built more deterministic control system application. With the increasingly complex of the modern industrial process, however, increased step by step to control requirements (e.g., stability, accuracy and quickness, etc.), classical control theory is faced with severe challenges. Non-linear systems in industrial control field, using the traditional PID control can not obtain satisfactory control effect. Optimized RBF neural network based on gradient descent algorithm, it will be integrated neural network and PID control technology, with a conventional PID controller has simple structure, physical meaning is clear advantages, at the same time with neural network self-learning, adaptive function. Therefore, this article through to the RBF neural network structure and the calculation method of learning, to design a setting of the PID controller based on RBF neural network, constructs its model, and then write M language program. Using the MATLAB software to design the RBF neural network setting of PID control algorithm simulation research. Data and then further through simulation experiment, the control system stability, robustness, anti-interference ability, etc.Keywords: PID; RBF neural network; Parameter setting目录摘要 (Ⅰ)Abstract (Ⅱ)1 绪论 (1)1.1 课题研究背景及意义 (1)1.2神经网络的发展历史 (3)2 神经网络 (6)2.1神经网络的基本概念和特点 (6)2.2人工神经网络构成的基本原理 (7)2.3神经网络的结构 (8)2.3.1前馈网络 (8)2.3.2 反馈网络 (8)2.4神经网络的学习方式 (9)2.4.1监督学习(有教师学习) (9)2.4.2非监督学习(无教师学习) (9)2.4.3再励学习(强化学习) (9)2.5 RBF神经网络 (10)2.5.1 RBF神经网络的发展简史 (10)2.5.2 RBF的数学模型 (10)2.5.3被控对象Jacobian信息的辨识算法 (11)2.5.4 RBF神经网络的学习算法 (12)2.6 本章小结 (14)3 PID控制器 (14)3.1 PID控制器简介 (14)3.2 经典PID控制原理 (14)3.3 现有PID控制器参数整定方法 (16)3.4 PID控制的局限 (17)3.5本章小结 (17)4 基于RBF神经网络整定的PID控制器设计 (17)4.1 RBF神经网络的PID整定原理 (17)4.2 神经网络PID控制器的设计 (18)4.3 本章小结 (19)5 仿真分析 (19)5.1 系统的稳定性分析 (19)5.2 系统抗干扰能力分析 (21)5.3 系统鲁棒性分析 (22)5.4 本章小结 (24)结论 (25)参考文献 (26)致谢 (27)附录仿真程序 (28)1 绪论1.1 课题研究背景及意义PID控制器（按比例、积分和微分进行控制的调节器）是最早发展起来的应用经典控制理论的控制策略之一，是工业过程控制中应用最广泛，历史最悠久，生命力最强的控制方式，在目前的工业生产中，90％以上的控制器为PID控制器。

通信行业英语中英对照手册(I)-OCU ISDN-Office Channel Unit ISDN的局内信道单元I/O Input / Output 输入/输出I2T Intelligent Interface Technology 智能接口技术IA Information Access 信息存取IA Intelligence Appliance 智能家电IA Internal Authentication 内部认证IA Internet Address 因特网地址IAB Internet Activities Board 因特网活动委员会IAB Internet Architecture Board 因特网体系委员会IAC Image Attenuation Coefficient 图像衰减系数IAC ISDN Access Control ISDN接入控制IAD Integrated Access Device 集成接入设备IAF Image Analysis Facility 图像分析设备IAM Initial Address Management 初始地址管理IAM Initial Address Messege 初始地址消息IAN Integrated Analog Network 综合模拟网IAN Irregularly Activated Network 不规则激活网络IANA Internet Assigned Number Authority 因特网分址机构IAP Internet Access Point 网际访问点IAP Internet Access Provider 因特网接入服务供应商IAR Intelligent Automatic Rerouting 智能型自动重选路由IAS Integrated Access Server 综合接入服务器IAS Interactive Application Server 交互应用服务器IB-DCA Interence-Based Dynamic Channel Allocation 基于干扰的信道动态分配IBC Information Bearer Channel 信息承载信道IBC Integrated Broadband Communication 综合宽带通信IBCN Integrated Broadband Communication Network 综合宽带通信网IBCN International Broadband Communication Network 国际宽带通信网络IBDN Integrated Building Distribution Network 楼宇综合布线网络IBGP Internal Border Gateway Protocol 内部边界网关协议IBI Intergrated Building Intelligent 综合大楼智能化IBMS Intelligent Building Management System 智能大厦管理系统IBN Integrated Broadband Network 综合宽带网IBS Intelligent Building System 智能大厦系统IBT Internet Browsing Terminal 因特网浏览终端IBWN Indoor Broadband Wireless Network 室内宽带无线网络IC Image Check 图像检验IC Image Compression 图像压缩IC Integrated Circuit 集成电路IC Interlock Code 互锁码ICB Incoming Call Barred 来话加锁ICBI Inter-Channel inter-Block Interference 信道间信息组间的干扰ICC Instantaneous Channel Characteristics 信道瞬态特性ICC Internet Call Center 因特网呼叫中心ICDN Integrated Communication Data Network 综合通信数据网络ICE In-Circuit Emulation 在线仿真ICE InterConnect Equipment 互连设备ICE Interface Configuration Environment 接口配置环境ICH Incoming CHannel 来话信道ICI Intelligent Communications Interface 智能通信接口ICI Inter-Carrier Interference 载波间干扰ICI Inter-Channel Interference 信道间干扰ICM Image Compression Manager 图像压缩管理器ICM Incoming Call Management 来话呼叫管理ICMP Inernal Control Message Protocol 内部控制信息协议ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol 因特网控制报文协议ICP Incoming Call Packet 呼入分组信息ICP Internal Connection Protocol 内部连接协议ICP Internet Content Provider 因特网内容服务供应商ICP Interworking Control Protocol 互通控制协议ICR Initial Cell Rate 初始信元率ICS ISDN Control Sublayer ISDN控制子层ICSA International Computer Security Associatiion 国际计算机安全协会ICT InComing Trunk 来话中继ICT Information and Communication Technology 信息和通信技术ICUG International Closed User Group 国际闭合用户群ICW Internet Call Waiting 因特网呼叫等待IDA Integrated Digital Access 综合数字接入IDA Interchange of Data between Administrations 机构间的数据交换IDA Internet Direct Access 因特网直接接入IDA Intrusion Detection Agent 入侵检测代理IDARA Improved Distributed Adaptive Routing Algorithm 改进的分布式自适应路由算法IDC Internet Data Center 因特网数据中心IDCC Integrated Data Communication Channel 综合数据通信信道IDCT Inverse Discrete Consine Transform 离散余弦逆变换IDD International Direct Dialing 国际直拨IDI Initial Domain Identifier 初始域标识符IDL Interactive Distance Learning 交互式远程学习IDL Interface Definition Language 接口定义语言IDL International Data Line 国际数据线路IDLC Integrated Digital Loop Carrier 综合数字环路载波IDMS Integrated Database Management System 综合数据库管理系统IDN Integrated Data Network 综合数据网络IDN Integrated Digital Network 综合数字网IDN Intelligent Data Network 智能数据网络IDN Interactive Data Network 交互式数据网络IDN International Directory Network 国际目录网络IDNET IDentification NETwork 认证网IDP Internet Directory Provider 因特网目录服务供应商IDPR Inter-Domain Policy Routing 域间策略路由选择IDR Intermediate Data Rate 中等数据速率IDRP InterDomain Routing Protocol 域间路由选择协议IDS Intrusion Detection System 入侵检测系统IDS Isochronous Data Services 等时数据业务IDSE International Data Switching Exchange 国际数据交换机(局)IDSE Internetworking Data Switching Exchange 互连网数据交换机(局)IDSL ISDN DSL ISDN数字用户线IDSP Intelligent Dynamic Service Provisioning 智能型动态业务提供IDSS Intelligent Decision Support System 智能决策支持系统IDT Integrated Digital Terminal 综合数字终端IDT Intelligent Data Terminal 智能数据终端IDT Interactive Data Terminal 交互数据终端IDTC International Digital Transmission Center 国际数字传输中心IDU InDoor Unit 室内单元IDU Interface Data Unit 接口数据单元IEC Integrated Ethernet Chip 集成以太网电路芯片IEC InterExchange Carrier 局间载波IEC International Electrotechnical Commission 国际电工委员会IEE Institute of Electrical Engineers 电气工程师学会(英国)IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 电气和电子工程师学会(美国) IEN Internet Experiment Note 因特网实验备忘录IEP Internet Equipment Provider 因特网设备供应商IEPG Internet Engineering and Planning Group 因特网工程和规划组IES ISDN Earth Station 综合业务数字网络地球站IESG Internet Engineering Steering Group 因特网工程指导组IETF Internet Engineering Task Force 因特网工程任务组IEW Intelligent and Electronic Warfare 智能和电子战IF Intermediate Frequency 中频IFD InterFace Device 接口设备IFH Intelligent Frequency Hopping 智能跳频IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 国际信息处理联合会IFITL Integrated Fiber In The Loop 综合光纤环路IFPH Inter-network FreePHone 网间被叫付费电话IFS Interactive Financial Services 交互式金融服务IFS InterFace Specification 接口规范IFS International Freephone Service 国际免费电话(被叫付费电话)IFU Interworking Functional Unit 互通功能单元IG Interactive Graphics 交互式图形IG International Gateway 国际网关IGD Interaction Graphics Display 交互式图形显示IGL Interactive Graphics Library 交互式图形库IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol 因特网组管理协议IGP Interior Gateway Protocol 内部网关协议IGRP Interior Gateway Routing Protocol 内部网关路由协议IGS Information Group Separator 信息组分隔符IHDL Input Hardware Des criptive Language 输入硬件描述语言IHL Internet Header Length 因特网报头长度IHV Independent Hardware Vendor 独立硬件商II Image Information 图像信息IIA Interactive Instructional Authoring 交互式教学写作IIA Internet Image Appliance 网络影像家电IIAS Interactive Instructional Authoring System 交互式教学写作系统IIC Incoming International Center 入局国际中心IID Image Intensifier Device 图像增强设备IIIN Intelligent Integrated Information Network 智能综合信息网络IIP Interface Information Processor 接口信息处理器IIS Internet Information Server 因特网信息服务器IIS Internet Information Service 因特网信息服务IISP Interim Inter-switch Signaling Protocol 临时的交换机间的信令协议IITA Information Infrastructure Technology and Application 信息基础设施技术及应用IITF Information Infrastructure Task Force 信息基础设施任务组IKBS Intelligent Knowledge Based System 基于知识的智能系统IKE Internet Key Exchange 因特网密钥交换IL Insertion Loss 插入损耗ILC Intelligent Line Card 智能线路卡ILD Insertion Loss Deviation 插入损耗偏差ILEC Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier 在业的本地交换运营公司ILI Idle Line Indicating 空闲线路指示ILMI Integrated Local Management Interface 综合本地管理接口ILMI Interim Local Management Interface 临时本地管理接口ILSLA Injection Locked Semiconductor Laser Amplifier 注入锁定半导体激光放大器IM Image Mixing 图像混合IM Instant Messaging 即时传信IM Integrated Modem 集成式调制解调器IM Interface Module 接口模块IM Inverse Multiplexing 反向复用IMA Interactive Multimedia Association 交互式多媒体协会IMAP Interactive Mail Access Protocol 交互邮件访问协议IMAP Internet Messaging Access Protocol 因特网消息存取协议IMAP4 Internet Message Access Protocol 4 因特网信息存取协议第4版IMC Inter-Module Connector 模块间连接器IMC International Maintenance Center 国际维护中心IMCC Inter-Module Communication Controller 模块间通信控制器IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity 国际移动设备标识IMF InterMediate Fiber 中间光纤IMIS Integrated Management Information System 综合管理信息系统IMNI Internal Multimedia Network Infrastructure 多媒体网络内部基础设施IMP Interface Message Processor 接口报文处理器IMP Interface Module Processor 接口模块处理器IMS Information Management System 信息管理系统IMS Interactive Multimedia Service 交互式多媒体服务IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identifier 国际移动用户标识符IMT Intelligent Multimode Terminal 智能多模式终端IMTC Internatinal Multimedia Television Committee 国际多媒体电视委员会IMTS Improved Mobile Telephone Service 改进的移动电话业务IMTV Interactive Multimedia TeleVision 交互式多媒体电视IMUX Input MUltipleX 输入复用IN Integrated Netowrk 综合网络IN Intelligent Network 智能网IN Interconnected Network 互连网络IN Internal Node 内节点IN-SL IN Service Logic 智能网业务逻辑IN-SM Intelligent Network Switching Manager 智能网交换管理器IN-SSM Intelligent Network Switching State Manager 智能网交换状态管理器IN-SSM Intelligent Network Switching Status Model 智能网交换状态模型INA Information Network Architecture 信息网体系结构INA Integral Network Arrangement 整体网络布局INA Integrated Network Architecture 综合网络体系结构INAP Intelligent Network Application Part 智能网应用部分INAP Intelligent Network Application Protocol 智能网应用协议INC Integrated Network Connection 综合网络连接INCC International Network Controlling Center 国际网络控制中心INCM Intelligent Network Conceptual Model 智能网概念模型INCS-1 Intelligent Network Capability Set-1 智能网能力组1INDB Intelligent Network DataBase 智能网数据库INDBMS Intelligent Network DataBase Management System 智能网数据库管理系统INE Intelligent Network Element 智能网元素INFM Intelligent Nework Functional Model 智能网功能模型INFO Integrated Network using Fiber Optics 采用光纤的综合网INI Intelligence Network Interface 智能网络接口INIC ISDN Network Identification Code ISDN网标识码INM Integrated Network Management 综合网络管理INM Integrated Network Monitoring 综合网监视INMARSAT INternational MARritime SAT ellite organization 国际海事卫星组织INMC International Network Management Center 国际网络管理中心INMOS IN service Management and Operation System 智能网业务管理及运行系统INMS Integrated Network Management System 综合网络管理系统INMS Intelligent Network Management System 智能网络管理系统INN Intermediate Network Node 中间网络节点INNO IN Network Operator 智能网运营商INP Intelligent Network Processor 智能网络处理器INS Information Network System 信息网络系统INS Intelligent Network Service 智能网络服务INSAT INternational SATellite 国际卫星INSES IN Services Emulation System 智能网业务仿真系统INSOS IN Service Operation System 智能网业务*作系统INSP Intelligent Network Service Provider 智能网服务供应商INSS Intelligent Network Service Subscriber 智能网业务用户INSTS IN Surveillance and Testing System 智能网监视和测试系统INT Interactive News Television 交互式电视新闻INTB IN TestBed 智能网试验台INTCO INT ernational COde of signal 国际信号码INTELSAT INternational TELecommunication SATellite 国际通信卫星(组织) INTIP INT egrated Information Processing 综合信息处理INTS Integrated National Telecommunication System 国家综合电信系统INTS INTernational Switch 国际交换INTS Inter-Network Time Slot 网络内部时隙INTSE INTelligent System Environment 智能系统环境IO Integrated Optics 集成光学IOAS Intelligence Office Automatic System 智能办公室自动化系统IOBB Input Output BroadBand 宽带输入输出IOC Input.Output Channel 输入/输出信道IOC Input / Output Controller 输入/输出控制器IOC Integrated Optical Circuit 集成光路IOC INTELSAT Operations Center 国际卫星组织*作中心IOC InterOffice Channel 局间信道IOCA Image Object Content Architecture 图像对象内容体系结构IOD Information On Demand 信息点播IODC International Operator Direct Calling 国际运营商直接呼叫IOLA Input / Output Link Adapter 输入/输出链路适配器IOLC Input / Output Link Control 输入/输出链路控制IOM Image-Oriented Memory 面向图像的存储器IOM Input / Output Multiplexer 输入/输出多路转换器IOM Integrated-Optic Modulator 集成光学调制器ION Integrated On-demand Network 综合按需服务网络IONI ISDN Optical Network Interface ISDN光网络接口IOP Input / Output Processor 输入输出处理器IOPDS Integrated-Optic Position / Displacement Sensor 集成光学位置/位移传感器IOS Integrated Office System 集成办公室系统IOS Intelligent Office System 智能办公室系统IOS Interactive Operating System 交互式*作系统IOS Internet Operating System 因特网*作系统IOS Internetwork Operating System 网间*作系统IOSB Input / Output Status Block 输入/输出状态块IOSC Input / Output Switching Channel 输入/输出交换通道IOSN Intelligent Optical Shuttle Node 智能光信息往返节点IOT Intra Office Trunk 局内中继IOTB Input / Output Transfer Block 输入/输出传送块IP Image Processing 图像处理IP Information Processing 信息处理IP Intelligent Peripheral 智能外设IP Internet Protocol 因特网协议IP Internetwork Protocol 网际协议IP Internetworking Protocol 组网协议IP Interworking Protocol 互通协议IPA Image Processing Algorithm 图像处理算法IPA Inerworking by Port Access 端口接入的互通IPBX International PBX 国际PBXIPC Integrated Peripheral Channel 集成外围通道IPC Intelligent Peripheral Controller 智能外设控制器IPC Inter-Personal Communications 人际通信IPC Inter-Process Communication 进程间通信IPC Inter-Processor Communication 处理器间通信IPCDN IP over Cable Data Network 电缆数据网传送IPIPCE International Path Core Element 国际通路核心单元IPCP IP Control Protocol IP控制协议IPCSM Input Port Controller SubModule 输入端口控制器的子模块IPDC IP Device Control IP设备控制IPE In-band Parameter Exchange 带内参数交换IPEI International Portable Equipment Identity 国际便携式设备标识IPF Image Processing Facility 图像处理设备IPG Interactive Program Guide 交互式节目指南IPG Inter-Packet Gap 分组信息间隙IPI Initial Protocol Identifier 初始协议标识符IPI Intelligent Peripheral Interface 智能外围接口IPL Initial Program Load 初始程序装入IPLB IP Load Balancing IP负载平衡IPLC International Public Leased Circuit 国际公用出租线路IPLI Internet Private Line Interface 因特网专用线接口IPLTC International Private Leased Telecommunication Circuit 国际专用租线通信电路IPM Inter-Personal Messeging 人际传信IPM-EOS Inter-Personal Message Element Of Service 人际报文业务单元IPM-UA Inter-Personal Messeging User Agent 人际传信用户代理IPME Inter-Personal Messaging Environment 人际传信环境IPMS Inter-Personal Messaging Service 人际传信业务IPMS Inter-Personal Messaging System 人际传信系统IPMS-MS Inter-Personal Messaging System Message Store 人际传信系统信息存储IPMS-UA Inter-Personal Messaging System User Agent 人际传信系统用户代理IPN Instant Private Network 瞬时专用网络IPN Inter-Personal Notification 人际通知IPng Internet Protocol next generation 下一代因特网协议IPOA IP Over ATM ATM网络承载IPIPP Internet Payment Provider 因特网支付业务提供商IPP Internet Platform Provider 因特网平台供应商IPPR Image Processing and Pattern Recognition 图像处理和模式识别IPR Intellectual Property Rights 知识产权IPS Image Processing System 图像处理系统IPS Information Processing System 信息处理系统IPS Information Protection System 信息保护系统IPS Intelligent Protection Switching 智能保护交换IPsec IP security protocol IP安全协议IPSF IP Service Function IP业务功能IPSS International Packet Switched Service 国际分组交换业务IPT Information Processing Technique 信息处理技术IPT Information Providing Terminal 信息提供终端IPUI International Portable User Identity 国际便携式用户标识IPv6 IP version 6 第六版IPIPX Internet Packet eXchange 因特网分组交换IPX Internetwork Packet eXchange 网际包(分组)交换IPX Interprocess Packet eXchange 进程间分组交换IQ Information Query 信息查询IQL Interactive Query Language 交互式查询语言IR Incoming Route 入路由IR Information Retrieval 信息检索IR InfraRed 红外IR Intelligent Robot 智能机器人IR Internal Router 内部路由器IRC Internet Relay Chat 因特网中继交谈IrDA Infra-red Data Association 红外数据协会IRFU Integrated Radio Frequency Unit 综合无线电频率单位IRI InfraRed Image 红外图像IRIM InfreRed Interface Module 远端接口模块IRIS Integrated platform for Regional Information System 地区信息系统用综合平台IRL Inter-Repeater Link 中继器间链路IRLAP InfraRed Link Access Protocol 红外链接存取协议IrLAP IrDA Link Access Protocol IrDA链路接入协议IRM Integrated Reference Model 综合参考模型IrMC Infrared Mobile Communication 红外移动通信IRN Information Resource Network 信息资源网络IRN Intermediate Routing Node 中间路由选择节点IRP Internal Reference Point 内部参考点IRP International Routing Plan 国际路由规划IRQ Information Repeat reQuest 信息重传请求IRSG Internet Research Steering Group 因特网研究指导组IRSU ISDN Remote Subscriber Unit ISDN远端用户单元IRTF Internet Research T ask Force 因特网研究任务工作组IS Imaging System 成像系统IS Information Science 信息科学IS Information System 信息系统IS Integrated Service 综合业务IS Intelligence System 智能系统IS Interactive Service 交互式业务IS Interactive Signal 交互信号IS Interface Specification 接口规范IS Interim Standard 临时标准IS-IS Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System 中间系统到中间系统ISA Industry Standard Architecture 工业标准体系结构ISA Information System Architecture 信息系统结构ISA Interim Standard Architecture 临时标准体系ISAN Integrated Service Analog Network 综合业务模拟网ISAP Interactive Speech Application Platform 交互语言应用平台ISAPI Internet Server Application Programming Interface 因特网服务器应用编程接口ISB Intelligent Signaling Bus 智能信令总线ISB Interface Schduling Block 接口调度块ISC International Switching Center 国际交换中心ISC Internet Software Consortium 因特网软件联盟ISC InterStellar Communications 星际通信ISCC International Service Coordination Center 国际业务协调中心ISCCI International Standard Commerical Code for Indexing 国际标准商用索引代码ISCII International Standard Code for Information Interchange 国际标准信息交换代码ISCP ISDN Signaling Control Part ISDN信令控制部分ISDCN Integrated Service Digital Center Network 综合业务数字中心网ISDN Integrated Service Digital Network 综合业务数字网ISDN-BA ISDN Basic rate Access ISDN基本速率接入ISDN-BRI ISDN Basid Rate Interface ISDN基本速率接口ISDN-PRA ISDN Primary Rate Access ISDN一次群速率接入ISDN-PRM ISDN Protocol Reference Model ISDN协议参考模型ISDN-SN ISDN Subscriber NumberISDN-UP ISDN User Part ISDN用户部分ISDS Integrated Switched Data Service 综合交换数据业务ISDT Integrated Service Digital Terminal 综合业务数字终端ISDX Integrated Service Digital eXchange 综合业务数字交换ISE Integrated Service Exchange 综合业务交换局ISE Integrated Switch Element 综合交换单元ISE Intelligent Synthesis Environment 智能综合环境ISEC Internet Service and Electronic Commerce 因特网服务和电子商务ISH Information Super Highway 信息高速公路ISIDE Interactive Satellite Integrated Data Exchange 交互式卫星综合数据交换ISL Inter-Satellite Link 卫星之间的链路ISLAN Integrated Services Local Area Network 综合业务局域网ISM Intelligent Synchronous Multiplexer 智能同步复用器ISM Interactive Storage Media 交互式存储媒体ISM Interface Subscriber Module 用户接口模块ISM Internet Server Manager 因特网服务器管理器ISM Internet Service Manager 因特网服务器管理程序ISMA Idle Signal Multiple Access 空闲信号多址ISMAN Integrated Services Metropolitan Area Network 综合业务城域网ISMC International Switching Maintenance Center 国际交换维护中心ISMS Image Store Management System 图像存储管理系统ISN Information System Network 信息系统网络ISN Integrated Services Network 综合业务网ISN Integrated Synchronous Network 综合同步网ISN International Signaling Network 国际信令网ISN Internet Shopping Network 因特网购物网络ISN Internet Support Node 因特网支持节点ISO International Standardization Organization 国际标准化组织ISOC Internet SOCiety 因特网学会ISODE ISO Development Environment ISO开发环境ISP Interactive Session Protocol 交互式会晤协议ISP Intermediate Service Part 中间业务部分ISP International Signaling Point 国际信令点ISP International Standardized Profile 国际标准化规格ISP Internet Service Provider 因特网服务供应商ISP Interoperable Systems Project 可互*作系统计划ISPBX Integrated Services PBX 综合业务PBXISPC International Signaling Point Code 国际信令点码ISR Initial Submission Rate 初始提供速率ISR International Simple Resell 国际简单转卖ISR Interrupt Service Routine 中断服务程序ISSLL Integrated Services over Specific Link Layer 专用链路层上的综合业务ISSS Interactive Subscriber Service Subsystem 交互式服务子系统ISTC International Satellite Transmission Center 国际卫星传输中心ISTC International Switching and Testing Center 国际交换和测试中心ISTV Integrated Service T eleVision 综合业务广播电视ISU Idle Signal Unit 空闲信号单元ISU Isochronous Slot Utilization 等时隙利用ISUP ISDN User Part ISDN用户部分ISV Independent Software Vendor 独立软件销售商ISVR Inter Smart Video Recorder 灵巧型视频录像机IT Information Technology 信息技术IT Information Theory 信息论IT International Transit 国际转接ITA International Telegraph Alphabet 国际电报字母表ITA2 International Telegraph Alphabet No.2 国际电报字母表第二版ITC Information Transfer Channel 信息传递信道ITC Intelligent Terminal Controller 智能终端控制器ITC International Telecommunication Center 国际电信中心ITC International Telephone Center 国际电话中心ITC International Television Center 国际电视中心ITC International Transit Center 国际转接中心ITC International Transmission Center 国际传输中心ITC InterToll Communication 长途局间通信ITCC International Telecommunication Control Center 国际电信控制中心ITD Interaural Time Difference 声源到达听者两耳的时间差ITDM Intelligent Time-Division Multiplexer 智能时分多路复用ITE Information Technology Equipment 信息技术设备ITE International Telephone Exchange 国际电话交换台ITF Information Transport Function 信息传送功能ITM ISDN Trunk Module 综合业务数字网中继模块ITMC International Transmission Maintenance Center 国际传输维护中心ITN Integrated Teleprocessing Network 综合远程处理网络ITN Intelligent Telecommunication Node 智能电信节点ITPC International Television Program Center 国际电视节目中心ITR Instantaneous Transmission Rate 瞬时传输速率ITR Internet Talk Radio 因特网无线对话ITS Independent Television Service 独立电视服务ITS Information Transfer System 信息转换系统ITS Information Transmission System 信息传输系统ITS Insertion Test Signal 插入测试信号ITS Intelligent Transport System 智能交通系统ITS International Telecommunication Service 国际电信业务ITSC International Telephone Service Center 国际电话业务中心ITSO International Telecommunications Satellite Organization 国际电信卫星组织ITSP Internet Telephony Service Provider IP电话业务提供商ITT InterToll Trunk 长途电话中继线ITTP Intelligent Terminal Transfer Protocol 智能终端转换协议ITTS Intelligent Target Tracking System 智能目标跟踪系统ITU International Telecommunication Union 国际电信联盟ITU-R ITU-Radio communications sector 国际电信联盟无线电通信组ITU-T ITU-Telecommunication standardization sector 国际电信联盟电信标准化组ITV Interactive TeleVision 交互式电视IU Interface Unit 接口单元IUI Intelligent User Interface 智能用户接口IUI Inter-User Interference 用户间干扰IUO Intelligent Underlay Overlay 智能双层网IUR Internet Usage Record 因特网使用记录IV Interactive Video 交互式视频IV Interface Vector 接口向量IVA Iitial Video Address 初始视频地址IVANS Insurance value Added Network Services 保险业增值网络服务IVAP Internal Videotex Application Provider 内部可视图文应用供应商IVBC International Videoconference Booking Center 国际电视会议登记中心IVC Independent Virtual Channel 独立虚拟信道IVC International Videoconference Center 国际会议电视中心IVD Interactive Video Disk 交互式视频盘IVD Interpolated Voice Data 内插语音数据IVDS Interactive Video Database Services 交互式视频数据库业务IVDT Integrated Voice Data Terminal 综合话音数据终端IVE International Videotex Equipment 国际可视图文设备IVG Interactive Video Game 交互式视频游戏IVHS Intelligent Vehicle and Highway System 智能车辆和公路系统IVIS Interactive Video Information System 交互视频信息系统IVMS Integrated Voice-Messaging System 综合语音信息系统IVN Interactive Video Network 交互式视频网络IVOD Interactive Video On Demand 交互式视频点播IVOT Inter-network teleVOTing 网间电子投票业务IVPN International Virtual Private Network 国际虚拟专用网IVR Integrated Voice Response 综合语音响应IVR Interactive Voice Response 交互式语音应答IVS Intelligent Video Smoother 智能视频平滑器IVS Interactive Video Service 交互式视频业务IVS Interactive Videodisc System 交互式视盘系统IW Information War 信息战IWAN Integrated services Wireless-Access Network 综合业务无线接入网络IWC Indoor Wireless Channel 室内无线信道IWC Interferometric all-optical Wavelength Converter 干涉全光波长变换器IWC Interferometric Wavelength Converter 干涉波长变换器IWCS Integrated Wideband Communication System 综合宽带通信系统IWF InterWorking Facility 互通设备IWF InterWorking Function 互通功能IWK Issuer Working Key 发行卡的工作密钥IWS Intelligent Work Station 智能工作站IWS Intelligent Workstation Support 智能工作站支持IWU InterWorking Unit 互通单元IXC Inter-eXchange Carrier 交互运营商IXP Internet eXchange Point 因特网交换点。

励磁专业词汇大汇总A1ANODE CIRCU IT BREAKER 阳极回路开关2 ACCELERATING OR DECELERATING DEVICE 增减元件3 AP PARATUS THERMAL DECICE 设备的热元件4 ANNUNCIATOR RELAY 信号继电器5 ATMOSPHERIC CON DI T ION MON ITOR雷电状况检测器6 A —C T I M E OVERCURRENT RELAY 过流时间继电器7 A —C CI RCU I T BREAKER 交流断路器，即阳极开关8 A —C DIRECT IONAL OVERCURRENT RELAY 交流方向过流继电器9 ALARM RELAY 报警继电器10 A —C RECLOSI NG RELAY AC重复继电器11 AUTOMATIC SELECTIVE CONTROL OR TRANSFER RELAY自动选择控制，转换继电器12AUXILIARY MOTOROR MOTOR GENERATOR 伺服电机，整流电机13 AMP AMPERE 安培14 AC AUTERNATING CURRENT 交流电流15 ACB AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER 空气断路器16 AM AMMETER 电流表17 ANN ANNUNCIATOR 信号牌18 ARMATURE CIRCUIT 电枢电路19 AM SW AMMETER SWITCH 电表转换器20 AUTO AUTOMATIC 自动装置21 AUTO TR AUTO—TRANSFORMER 自动变换器22 AUX AUXILIARY 辅助设备23 AMPERE RATINGS 额定电流值24 AND 与门25 A·C VOLTS 输入交流电压26 AUXILIARY SWITH RELAY 辅助开关继电器27 AUXILIARY RELARY 辅助继电器28 ARCING CONTACT 弧触头29 ALTERNATING MAGNETIVE FIELD 交变磁场30 AUTOMATIC SYNCHRONIER 同期装置31 AMPLIFIER 放大器32 ARC-SUPPRESSION COIL 消弧线圈33 A V ALANCHE VLOTAGE 雪崩电压34 ACTIVE POWER 有功功率B1 BCM ：桥导通监视2 BRUSH —OPERATI NG OR SLIP —RING SHORT—CIRCUITING DEVICE 炭刷，滑环短路器件3 BLOCKI NG RELAY 闭锁继电器4 BL OR BLU BLUE 蓝色5 BAT BATTERY 蓄电池6 BAT CHGR BATTERY CHARGER 蓄电池充电器7 BCT BUSHING CURRENT TRANSF ORMER 套管电流互感器8 BKR BREAKER 断路器9 BUSBAR 母线汇流排10 BREAKER AUX .SW .CLOSED 断路器辅助接点11 BLOW---OUT COL GE-MOV线圈励磁控制接触器（接点）12 BLOCKING ELEMENT 闭锁元件13 LOCK OUT DEVICE 闭锁装置14 BREAKING CURRENT 开断电流15 BREAKING CAPACITY 开断能力16 BY-PASS PATH 旁路17 BY-PASS CURRENT 旁路电流18 BI-DIRECTION TRIODE THYRISTOR (TRIACS) 双向(三极)晶闸管19 BRUSHLESS EXCITER 无刷励磁C1 CONTROL DC VOLTS 直流控制电压2 C O NT I N UOUS DC AM PS 持续电流3 CEI L I N S DC AM PS 顶值电流4CEI L I N S DC VOLTS 顶值电压5 CONDUCTION MONITOR 导通监视6 CU BICLE LIGHTING 盘体照明7 CHECKING OR INTERLOCKING RELAY 闭锁或联锁继电器8 CONTROL POWER DISCON NECTI NG DEVICE控制电源隔离器具9 CARRIER OR PILOT—WIRE RECEIVER RELAY 载波，控制线路10 C —CLOSING RELAY 闭合继电器11 CS —CONTROL SWITCH 控制开关12 CC CLOSISNG COIL 合闸线圈13COMPT COMPARTMENT 室；间隔14 CONN CONNRCT 连接；衔接15 .. CONTD；CONT COTINUED；CONTROL 连续控制16 CPT CONTROL POWER TRANSF ORMER 控制电源变压器17 CS CONTROL SWITCH 控制开关18 CT CURRENT TRANSF ORMER 电流互感器19CY CYCLE 周期20 CLOSED WHEN OPENING MECHANISM OF MAIN DEVICEIS IN ENERGIZED OR OPERATD POSITION 当主元件操作机构处于闭合时，被通电。