英语国家概况简答题.doc

英语国家概况简答题简答题1.What were the names of the two great walls built by the Romans?They were the Hadrian’s Wall and the Antonine Wall.2.Who were the Lollards?They were poor priests and interant preachers who were John Wyclif’s a followers in the 14th century.3.Why was King George Ⅲnicknamed “Farmer George”?George Ⅲwas so enthusiastic about farming changes at Windsor tha he got the nickname “Famer George”4.What does the term “parliament”originally mean?It originally meat a meeting for parley or discussion.5.Which sport is the most tyically English?Cricket is the most rypical English sport.6.Why is the Shannon River important to Ireland?Because it provides electricity for much of the Republic.7.Which are the five biggest cities in the U.S. in terms of population?They are New York,Los Angeles,Chicago,San Franciso and Philadelphia.8.What are the two special powers of the Senate?The senate also has certain powers especially kept to tha body,including the authority to confirm presidential appointments of high officials of the federal government as well as ratify all treaties by a two-thirds vote .In the case of accusation of federal officials of wrongdoings the House has the sole right to bring charges of improper behaviour which can lead to a trial.The senate has the sole power to try such cases,and to find officials guilty or not guilty. 9.Why has Austrialia always been a continent with few people?Because most of the continent is hot an dry.10.What do you think is the most noticeable feature of Nesw Zealand geography?It is its moutains widely spread all over the country where active volcanoes scatter.11.In what respects,the two world wars greatly weakened Britain?The British colonies became independent one after another.The British Empire gradually disappeared and it was replaced by the British commonwealth or the commmonwealth of Nations in 1931.12.What’s ElizabethⅠ’s religious reform?ElizabethⅠ’s religious reform was a compromise of views.13.What were the two events that most alarmed the British ruling classes in the closingdecades of the 18th century?They were the American War of Independence and the French Revolution.14.How many provinces does the Church of England have?The Church of England has two provinces:Cantebury and York.15.What were the two guiding principles of the Amercian diplomacy during the SecondWorld War？There were two guiding principles behind all America’s diplomatic activities:the first was to win the war;the second was to establish a postwar political structure in accord with Amercian interests and to prevent the Soviet Union from overexpansion.16.What is the general view of education in Amercia?The general view of education in Amercia is that every Amercian has the right and obligation to become educated./doc/b4f70327bcd126fff7050b78.html two of Theodore Dreiser’s novels.Sister Carrie,Trilogy of Desire and American Tragedy.18.What kind of history do people often say that the history of Canada?People often say that the history of Canada is a hostory of immigration.19.Why is the southern area of the Northern Territory called the Red Center ofAustralia?Because it consists of miles and miles of red-sand and desert and moutain ranges.20.What is the Renaissance?Renaissance was the revival of classical literature and artistic styles in European history.21.When did the Queen Voctoria become Empress of India?In 1877 Queen Victoria became Empress of India.22.When is the Sovereign’s birthday officially celebrated?It is officially celebrated in June every year.23.Why is the Open Uinversity so named?It is so named because it is “open”to all to become students.24.Explain why Ireland has been geographically compared to a basin?In Ireland,a limestone plateau is rimmed by coastal highlands.25.When did the “Baby Boom”occur?It occurred between 1946 and 1961.26.What is meant by “Vietnamization”of the war?It meant tha South Vietnamese troops would be war built up to replace American fighting force.27.What were the two serious weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?①There was no national executive or law-enforcing branch②Neither was there a national court System.28.What is “urban sprawl”?It refers to a city that has grown over large area of land.29.What caused the land disputes between the Maories and the settlers in New Zealand? The land disputes were mainly caused by the repid acquisition of Mari land by the government and pressure by settlers fof direct purchase.30.Why did WilliamⅠgive his barons large estates in England?WilliamⅠgave large estates to his barons because he wanted to get a promise of military service and a proportion of the land’s produce.31.What was the Queen Mary known as?She was known as the “Bloody Mary”and aslo remembered as the monarch who lost the last British possesion on the lontinent,that the French port of Cala’s during a renewed war with France.32.Which war was relatively smooth,with no bloodshed ,nor any execution of the king inBritain?It is the Glorious Revolution.33.What is American labour force like ?The American labour force in not only hard working ,but also willing to experiment,to change and to learn new technologies.34.What is the hihgest duty of the President in the United States?The highest duty of the President is the execution or carrying out of the law.35.Who was the first to explore fully the possibilities of free verse?Walt Whitman was the first to exploer fully the possibilities of free verse.36.When is “Trick or treat”played and what does it mean?It is in Halloween.It means”give something nice ,or I will play a trick on you.”37.How do children in remote areas of Austrilia receive their education?The receive their education at home through a radio educational system called School of the Air.38.Why is Austrilia’s New South Wales called the premier state?It is because it was the first colony established by Britain in 1788.39.What is the most potential serious natural disaster in New Zealand?In New Zealand,earthquakes and volcanoes are the most serious potential natural disasters. 40.Who began to invade England from the end of the 8th century.From the end of the 8th century,the Norwegian Vikings and the Danes from Denmark began to invade England.41.What ws Domesday Book?The book was the result of a general survey of England made in 1085,and stated the extent,values,the population,state of cultivation and ownership of the land.42.In Britain, what does BBC stand for?British Broadcasting Corporation.43.What is largely responsible for the lack of extreme summer heat and winte cold inIreland?The North Atlantic Current is responsiblef for the lack of extreme summer heat and winte cold in Ireland.44.Which state is the largest in the Uinted States?Alaska is the largest one.45.Who drafted “The Declaration of Independence”in the U.S.?He was Thomas Jefferson.46.What mechanism did the writers of the Constitution introduce to provide safeguardsof the new government misusing its power?They introduced the mechanism of separation of powers and checks and balances.47.What was the consequence of the Seven Years’War between the British and theFrench?After the Seven Years’ War from 1756-1763,the Frence were forced to give up every inch of land in North America and the whole of Canada came under the British rules.48.What does the outback refer to in Australia?The outback usually refers to the interior and the centre of the Western Plateau and its northern plains.49.What animal is regarded as a national symbol of New Zealand?The kiwi.50.What the peculiar feature of the feudal system of England?All landowners,big and small, took the oath of allegiance for the land they held,not only to their immediate lord,but also to the king.51.What is the main function of the House of Lords in Britain?The main function of the House of Lords is to bring the wide experience of its members into the process of lawmaking.52.What is a “copyright”library in Britain?It is a library which is entitled to receive a free copy of erery book published in the United Kingdom;libraries of other universities and learned institutions;and the Public libraries.53.Who was the first king to bring all Ireland under English control?HenryⅧwas the first king to bring all Ireland under English control54.What is tariff protection?Tariff Protection means to get higher import taxes to protect domestic production.55.What role has the Constitution played?The Constitution has been the basis for the evolution of governmental institutions and has provided the basis for political stability,economic growth and social progress in the United States.56.What is the guiding principle of community college?The principle is higher education for ereryone and the philosophy that equality must mean equal opportunity for self-realization and for the recognition of individual differerces.57.What is considered to be the first real American writing?Franklin’s uncompleted Autobiography is the first real American writing.58.What is the built environment?The built environment refers to those parts of the environment built by people or changed by people.59.Where is the highest peak in New Zealand?The highest peak,Mt Cook,is in the center of the moutain range,which is called the Southern Alps.60.How did the Celts invade Britain?The Celts invaded Britain in three waves;the Gaels,the Brythons and the Belgae.61.Why do we call the English Civil War the Puritan War?It is because the supporters of Parliament were mainly Puritans.62.Who were the forerunners of the Liberal Party in Britain?The forerunners of the Liberal Party in Britain were Whigs.63.What field did the Industrial Revolution firstly occur in?The Industrial Revolution firstly occur in the field of textile.64.What is “a nation on wheels”?A nation on wheels refers to the Untited States because many Americans have their cars.65.What kind of economic system does the United States have?The U.S. has a free-market economy with a dominant private sector.66.What are the three principal funtions of the higher education in the United States? The three principal functions are teaching,research ,and public service.67.What do people usually do on Valentines Day in America?It is popular to send cards decorated with hearts and flowers to express love.68.What is the chief language of instruction in Ireland?It is English.69.What is another name of New Zealand National Day?It is Waitangi Day.。

对错题Chapter 81.The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachians hold one third of the country's continental territor y.(F)2.The climate in the United States can be classified as temperate,with some mild subtropical and tropica l zones.(T)3.Almost through the middle of the United States, north to south,runs a well--known 50-centimeter rain fall line.(T)4.New York is the commercial and financial center of the United States , and it is composed of five boro ughs including Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Staten Island, and Queens.(T)5.San Francisco is the second largest city after New York and the world famous Hollywood and Disneyla nd are located here.(F)6.During the 1830s and 1840s, many northern Europeans and Irish immigrants came to America.(T)7.Almost half of the immigrants coming to the United States in the 1980s were Asians.(T)8.Basic American cultural values are freedom, equality and desire to work hard for a higher standard of l iving.(T)Chapter 91.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.(T)2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were f ounded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(F)3.The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible na tion.(T)4.Many American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F)5.In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched Operation Desert Storm in orde r to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T)6.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible fo r the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F)7.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".(T)8.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F)Chapter 101.Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(F)2.The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism, the separation of po wers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.(T)3.The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(F)4.The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: the Supreme Court, the co urts of appeals and the district courts.(T)5.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(F)6.American presidential campaign adheres to the "winner-take-all" practice.(T)7.American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.(F)8.American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.(T)Chapter 111.America is the world's largest industrial nation.(T)2.In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual property" could be identified.(T)3.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.(F)4.President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in the early 1930s.(F)5.The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses.(F)6.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the agricultural balance of trade.( T)7.Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing industry.(T)8.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade.(F)Chapter 12cation is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America. (T)2.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.(T)3.After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at graduation.(F)4.When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a great concern for its size, locati on and academic quality.(T)ually, an undergraduate student has to earn 120 credits to receive a degree.(T)6.Yale university is the second eldest institution of higher learning in the United States.(F)7.It is The New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate Scandal in 1972 through the efforts of two reporters.(F)8.Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November.(F)选择题Chapter 81.central, east, west2.483.Alaska4.the Mississippi River5.in New England6.California7.Europe8.western European, Protestant and middle-classChapter 91.Jamestown, Virginia2. French and British3.the people of the 13 colonies4. the Second Continental Congress5. Emancipation Proclamation6.Neutrality7. Roosevelt8. Eisenhower, Kennedy and JohnsonChapter 101.17892. tries to give3. guarantees citizens of4. six, two5.the Secretary of State6.making laws8.electors elected by the votersChapter 111.ore2. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economy3. diplomatic authority4.Alexander Hamilton5.Refrigerator6.Unemployment Pension7.Agribusinesses maintain a8.ServicesChapter 121.elementary2.politics and business education3.Harvard University4.research institutions5. working for communities6. The New York Times7.(PBS)8.July 4thChapter 8 geography and people1. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolita n centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2．Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants wouldls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.Chapter 9 history1. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wini ng the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2. What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a)brought the Vietnam war to a close ;b)reestablishing U.S. relations with china ;c) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to enco urage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to redu ce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.Chapter 10 government1. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state w hich they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than s even years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a)to interpret laws b)to hear appeals from any federal court cases; c)to hear appeals from state court cas es that involve the constitution or national laws ; d)may declare a law unconstitutional e) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions ?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full empl oyment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system whi ch gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress t he need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of aborti on they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.Chapter 11 economy1. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a variety of specia lized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in Am erica had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industr ies , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its ow n economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nation s.Chapter 12 education , media and holidays1. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records; b) recommendations from their high school teachers; c) the impression they make during interviews at the university d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public se rvice , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have ma de extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayf lower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not en ough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and t hen they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.简答题（2）Chapter 81．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation,but a nation of nations.The immigrants came in waves,including the Europeans,the Africans and the Asians.Therefore,America is described as a"melting pot"where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture.Recently,America has been called a"salad bowl"in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously,but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward di fferent cultures.People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other.Society s hould create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated.At the same time the immigrants sh ould keep their own language,customs and religion,contributing to the diversity of a multicultural societ y.Chapter 91.What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their planta tions and they regarded the slaves as their property.In the North,with the development of industry,there was a growing demand for free labor.W hat’s more,the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads.But the Southerners were again st it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries.The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2.What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars,America remained neutral in the early stage.However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries.Therefore,they not only retained their military forces,bu t also accumulated great wealth.When America entered the wars,it was almost at the end of the wars.Bysharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a pow erful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101.How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American electio n?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency.T o win a presidential election,a candidate has to spend millions of dollars,travel all over the country to make spe eches and debate on television with the rival.The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage,presidential electors for each state will be chosen.In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President.Since the second stage is only a kind of formality,everyone knows who will b e the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns.And, the election cannot solv e the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they b ecome President.2.What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War.He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war.He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened.The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala,but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia.In addition,Eisenhower used U.S.power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam,which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111.How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S.Constitution,as an economic charter,established that the entire nation was a unified or "common"market.There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce.It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states,establish uniform bankruptcy laws,create money and regulate its value,fix standards of weights and measures,establish post office and roads,and fix rules governing patents and copyrights.The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property",a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20th century.2.Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic developm ent.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development.I n the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history.Presiden t Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis.Besides,he set up the New York State E mergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless.At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession.The Reagan admini stration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit,cutting taxes and raising interes t rates.Both policies mentioned above helped to set the count ry’s economic development on its right course,In all,the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and a ccessible to the people.It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system,dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth.Chapter 121.What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The sec ond ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand wh at is already known .2.How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures.Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success.Struggle for equality are vividly depicted,and past racism is bluntly acknowledged.Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。

英语国家概况试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英语作为官方语言的国家不包括以下哪个国家？A. 美国B. 澳大利亚C. 法国D. 英国答案：C2. 英语国家中，哪个国家的首都是渥太华？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：B3. 英语国家中，哪个国家的国旗是米字旗？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：C4. 英语国家中，哪个国家被称为“枫叶之国”？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚5. 英语国家中，哪个国家的人口数量最多？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：A6. 英语国家中，哪个国家是英联邦成员国？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：B7. 英语国家中，哪个国家是联合国安全理事会常任理事国之一？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：C8. 英语国家中，哪个国家的货币单位是美元？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：A9. 英语国家中，哪个国家的国歌是《天佑女王》？B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：C10. 英语国家中，哪个国家是世界面积第二大的国家？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 英国D. 澳大利亚答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英语国家中，______的国花是玫瑰。

答案：英国2. 英语国家中，______的国鸟是鸸鹋。

答案：澳大利亚3. 英语国家中，______的国石是钻石。

答案：加拿大4. 英语国家中，______的国树是橡树。

答案：美国5. 英语国家中，______的国花是枫叶。

答案：加拿大6. 英语国家中，______的国花是玫瑰。

答案：英国7. 英语国家中，______的国鸟是鹰。

答案：美国8. 英语国家中，______的国石是蓝宝石。

答案：英国9. 英语国家中，______的国树是雪松。

答案：澳大利亚10. 英语国家中，______的国花是玫瑰。

答案：英国三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. 简述英语国家中，美国的文化特点。

英语国家概况完整篇简答题的整合美国1.Which state is separated by Canada form the main land?Alaska is separated from the main land by Canada.哪个州与加拿大大陆分离?阿拉斯加与加拿大的大陆分离。

2.What is the other name of Eskimos?Eskimos are also called Inuit.什么是爱斯基摩人的其他的名字?爱斯基摩人也称为因纽特人。

3. What is the largest active volcano in the world?Mauna Loa is the world’s largest active volcano, which is located on Hawaii.什么是世界上最大的活跃的火山?莫纳罗亚山是世界上最大的活跃的火山,它位于夏威夷。

4.How is the West divided?The West can be divided into three parts: the Great Plains, the Rocky Mountains and the Intermountain Basin and Plateau.西部是如何划分的?西部可以划分为三个部分:大平原,落基山脉和山间沉积盆地和高原。

5. Where is the birthplace of America?New England is sometimes called the birthplace of America.美国诞生地在哪里?新英格兰有时被称为美国诞生地。

6. What states are in New England?New England is made up of six states of the Northeast, including Maine, Massachusetts, Vermont, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Connecticut .哪一个州是新英格兰?新英格兰由美国东北部六个州组成,包括缅因州、马萨诸塞州、佛蒙特、罗德岛州、新罕布什尔州、康涅狄格。

英语国家概况复习题答案
1. 英国的首都是哪个城市？
答案：伦敦。

2. 美国的官方语言是什么？
答案：英语。

3. 加拿大的首都是哪里？
答案：渥太华。

4. 澳大利亚的货币单位是什么？
答案：澳元。

5. 新西兰的国旗上有哪些颜色？
答案：蓝色、红色和白色。

6. 英国的全称是什么？
答案：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。

7. 美国的独立日是哪一天？
答案：7月4日。

8. 加拿大的官方语言有哪些？
答案：英语和法语。

9. 澳大利亚最大的城市是哪个？
答案：悉尼。

10. 新西兰的首都是哪里？
答案：惠灵顿。

11. 英国的国花是什么？
答案：玫瑰。

12. 美国的总统任期是多久？
答案：四年。

13. 加拿大的国土面积是多少？
答案：约998万平方公里。

14. 澳大利亚的国宝动物是什么？答案：袋鼠。

15. 新西兰的国花是什么？
答案：银蕨。

16. 英国的国歌是什么？
答案：《天佑女王》。

17. 美国的人口数量大约是多少？答案：约3.3亿。

18. 加拿大的国花是什么？
答案：枫叶。

19. 澳大利亚的国歌是什么？
答案：《前进，美丽的澳大利亚》。

20. 新西兰的官方语言有哪些？答案：英语和毛利语。

<1>英国气候3特点：1.foggy 2.rainy 3.changeability<2>西敏寺ancient church kings queens crowned and buried，in poet’s corner many famous man woman are buried<3>四大喜剧《威尼斯商人》The Merchant of venice《仲夏夜之梦》A Midsummer Night's Dream 《皆大欢喜》As You Like It 《第十二夜》The Twelfth night四大悲剧Hamlet Othello King Lear Macbeth<4>.枢密院the privy council wasformerly the chief source of executive power in the state and give private advice to the king. So it was also called the king’s council in history.but now it’s largely formed,adversing the king to approve certain government degrees.<5>文官制Implementation of the Minister’s decision is carried out by a political neutral organization which is called the civil service. Changes of government do not involve changes in departmental staff.<6>.诺曼征服1.in 1066 Edward died childless ,Harold Edward’s brother in law and William Edward’Norman cousin both claimed the throne 2.William crossed the channel killed Harold and defeated the English army 3.after norman conquest feudalism was established inengland<7>大宪章great charter 1.the king john succeeded the crown and he demanded more feudal taxes and army service.the lords became angry and marched to London to force him to sign a long document in 1215 which is known as<> 2.<>was made in the feudal lords<8>玫瑰战争1.it was a war which is fought between the lancastrians who wore a red rose and the yorkists who wore a white rose. It was a war between the commercial-minded gentry and the backward feudal landowners 2.in 1485 henry tudor killed Richard III and put an end to the war and became the founder of the House of tudor<9>资产阶级革命Charles时不时与parliament有矛盾,at the beginning of the war, the king’s man were called cavalier and the supporters of the parliament were called roundheads. After the war England called itself Commonwealth.<10>复辟the bourgeoisie compromised with the rightists invited Charles II to come back from Holland to the throne. In 1688 the bourgeoisie staged a bloodless coupdetat and put William of Orange on the throne<11>英国工业革命结果 1.工业资产阶级活的霸主地位the industrial bourgeoisie gained supremacy 2.productivity was greatly increased. 3.population was more and more concentrated in towns and cities. 4.the rapid growth of capitalism caused great miseries and disasters among the working people.<12>为什么美国大熔炉 1.because it is a country of many ethnic groups from different parts of the world, therefore many different americansdissipating their different ethnic culture toward a standard culture. SO….<13>宪法遵循两项原则the federal system and the separation of powers. the federal system means that the states have the right to self-government.And the separation of powers means that the legislative branch the executive branch and the judicial branch are supposed to be independent of each other but each checks the other two which is called “checks and balances”<14>立法流程国会和总统After bouth houses have passed the bill, it is sent to P,who should sign it or veto it within 10 days. If he vetoes the bill, it goes back to Congress;and his veto may be overruled by a twothirdsvote of both houses of Congress and the bill then becomes a law.<15>弹劾is proposed by the house of representatives upon sufficient evidence,it must approved by two-thirds of its membership. Next there comes a trial in the senate with the chief justice as the judge and the senators as the jury.<16>13块殖民地was divided by geographical, economic and social factors.New England became a center for lumbering, shipping and fishing. Central became a region of small farms. Southern developed a plantation system with the exploitation of slave labor.<17>印花法案required that a stamp, purchased from the british government, must be placed on all legal documents, newspapers and other printed materials.<18>倾茶in 1770,violence broke out in Boston. Fifty citizens threw snowballs with stones inside at the britishsoldiers , the soldiers fired at the crowd and killed 5 men.thebritish government passed<>, which permitted the British east india company to sell tea directly to its agents in the colonies. A group of boston citizens disguised themselves as Indians boarded threebritish ships in the harbor and tossed a cargo of tea.<19>第二次大陆会议in 1775 representatives from all the thirteen colonies met in Philadelphia to discuss the situation and the first decision it made was to establish a regular army with GeorgeWashington as commander in chief.<20>古巴导弹危机in 1926 after the discovery of soviet nuclear missile bases in cuba, the US imposed naval as well as air blockade on cuba.Kennedy demanded that the soviet union dismantle the missiles. The world stood on the brink of the nuclear war.。

英语国家概况试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英语作为官方语言的国家不包括以下哪一个？A. 美国B. 英国C. 澳大利亚D. 法国答案：D2. 英语起源于哪个国家？A. 法国B. 德国C. 丹麦D. 英格兰答案：D3. 以下哪个国家不是英语国家？A. 加拿大B. 新西兰C. 爱尔兰D. 巴西答案：D4. 英语国家的人口总数大约是多少？A. 1亿B. 3亿C. 5亿D. 10亿答案：C5. 英语国家中，哪个国家的官方语言除了英语还有法语？A. 美国B. 加拿大C. 澳大利亚D. 新西兰答案：B6. 英语国家中，哪个国家是君主立宪制？A. 美国B. 英国C. 澳大利亚D. 新西兰答案：B7. 英语国家中，哪个国家是联邦制？A. 英国B. 加拿大C. 澳大利亚D. 新西兰答案：B8. 英语国家中，哪个国家有“长白云之乡”的美誉？A. 美国B. 英国C. 新西兰D. 澳大利亚答案：C9. 英语国家中，哪个国家的首都不是以英语命名的？A. 美国B. 英国C. 加拿大D. 澳大利亚答案：A10. 英语国家中，哪个国家是世界最大的钻石生产国？A. 英国B. 加拿大C. 澳大利亚D. 博茨瓦纳答案：D（虽然博茨瓦纳不是英语国家，但此题考察的是钻石生产国）二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英语国家中，______（加拿大）的官方语言除了英语还有法语。

2. 英语起源于______（英格兰）。

3. 英语国家中，______（澳大利亚）被称为“骑在羊背上的国家”。

4. 英语国家中，______（新西兰）被称为“长白云之乡”。

5. 英语国家中，______（美国）是世界最大的经济体。

6. 英语国家中，______（英国）拥有世界上最古老的君主制。

7. 英语国家中，______（加拿大）是世界上面积第二大的国家。

8. 英语国家中，______（澳大利亚）是世界上唯一一个占据整个大陆的国家。

9. 英语国家中，______（美国）的首都华盛顿特区是以美国第一任总统的名字命名的。

第三大题Chapter 81.How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small po pulation .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely popul ated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 2 0% of the nation’s population.2.Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were wil ling to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.Chapter 91.Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countr ies were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to pr ovide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Ja panese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2.What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3.What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in or der to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be el iminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of busine ss.Chapter 101.What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2.What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. ci tizen for no less than seven years.3.What are the major powers of the supreme court?a)to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c)to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national lawsd)may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4.What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and empha size full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong so cial security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the govern ment control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete govern ment social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.Chapter 111.What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a va riety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regi onal patterns of development in America had become clear.2.How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . nor thern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahe ad.3.Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only adv ance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relations hip with other nations.Chapter 121.How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2.What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3.What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successfu l or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4.What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1 620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebrati on to thank god and the native Americans.第四大题Chapter 81．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation,but a nation of nations.The immigrants came in wa ves,including the Europeans,the Africans and the Asians.Therefore,America is described as a"melting pot"where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture.Rece ntly,America has been called a"salad bowl"in that people of difference races and ethnic group s mix harmoniously,but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolera nt toward different cultures.People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respe ct each other.Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated.At t he same time the immigrants should keep their own language,customs and religion,contributi ng to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91.What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property.In the North,with the develo pment of industry,there was a growing demand for free labor.What’s more,the Northerners d emanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads.But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase ch eaper goods from foreign countries.The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2.What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars,America remained neutral in the early stage.However, America ns continued their profitable trade with the warring countries.Therefore,they not only retained their military forces,but also accumulated great wealth.When America entered the wars,it was almost at the end of the wars.By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America grea tly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101.How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the Americanelection?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for preside ncy.To win a presidential election,a candidate has to spend millions of dollars,travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival.The general election is technically divided into two stages.During the first stage,presidential electors for each state will be chosen.In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President.Since the second stage isonly a kind of formality,everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first st age is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns.And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2.What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War.He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war.He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reli able anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened.The CIA helped topple the govern ments of Iran and Guatemala,but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia.In addition,E isenhower used U.S.power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam,which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111.How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S.Constitution,as an economic charter,established that the entire nation was a unified or "common"market.There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce.It provided thatthe federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws,create money and regulate its value,fix standards of weight s and measures,establish post office and roads,and fix rules governing patents and copyrights.The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual propert y",a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thce ntury.2.Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic dev elopment.In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in Ame rican history.President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis.Beside s,he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless.At the end of 1970s, the American eco nomy again suffered a recession.The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit,cutting taxes and raising interest rates.Both policies mentioned a bove helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course,In all,the interven tion of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people.It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system,dampened the effects of inflation andstimulated economic growth.Chapter 121.What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possi ble .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control .The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conc eive new ways to understand what is already known .2.How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures.Curre nt textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success.Struggle fo r equality are vividly depicted,and past racism is bluntly acknowledged.Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer stud ents opportunities to learn about different cultures.。

英语国家概况1. "British history has been a history of invasion". Please illustrate this point with the examples from the text. How did each of the invasions influence English culture ?2. What are some general characteristics of Scotland ?3. Describe Wales' unification with Great Britain.4. Are there any differences between England and Wales in terms of cultural tradition ?5. Why is Northern Ireland, according to the author, so significant in the United Kingdom? What is the political problem there?6. What are some of the factors in Irish and English history that affect the situation in Northern Ireland today?7. Different parties and groups in the United Kingdom have different solutions to the political problem in Northern Ireland. Please sum up their different attitudes.8. Has the author offered a solution to the political problem in Northern Ireland?9. What is the oldest institution of government?10. What is the name of the charter of liberty and political rights granted by King John in 1215?11. Do you think Elizabethan Drama occupies a significant position in British literature? Who is the most important figure in Elizabethan Drama? What are some of his major works?12. What do we call the group of important Parliamentarians?13. Which party forms the government and who becomes Prime Minister?14. What are some of the changes that have take place recently in the Chinese attitude towards sports? How do you account for these changes?15. For how many years is a general election held once in the UK?16. Who can stand for election as an MP?17. What are the three major parties? Which party is the party that spent most time in power?18. Which party does Tony Blair belong to?19. When was the British economy dominant in the world?20. By what time was the UK overtaken by other countries, such as the US and Germany?21. Which country does it refer to as "the Jewel in the Crown"? When did it gain its independence?22. What are some of the positive and negative effects of non-white immigrants on British society according to the author?23. What is the general situation of racial relations in the UK?24. Why is Geoffrey Chaucer, who wrote in Middle English, still read and studied today?25. When was the term "parliament" first used officially?26. The author says that "the media are central to British leisure culture", why does the author say so?27. What are some of the characteristics of British newspaper culture? In what way is it different from the United States?28. Is the British press free from the government control and censorship? What is the relationship between the British press and politics or business?29. How does the BBC operate? How is it different from American broadcasting systems?30. What are some of the features of Romantic Literature?31. What is Modernism? Can you illustrate your points with specific books as examples?32. What is Postmodernism? Can you illustrate your points with specific books as examples?33. How has the Christian church influenced British sports? Please pick up some examples from the text.34. What is the origin of football?35. How is the violence of "football hooligans" related to the British history of football?36. Why is cricket very English? Why does the author believe that cricket was associated with a set of English moral values?37. Christmas is the biggest and best-loved British holiday? How do the British celebrate thisholiday?38. How do the British celebrate the Queen's Birthday? What is the origin of this holiday?39. Bonfire Night is one truly English holiday. How and why do the English celebrate this holiday?40. How do the Protestants and Catholics celebrate their own holidays in Northern Ireland? What traditions are behind their celebrations?41. How is Hogmanay celebrated in Scotland? What other festivals are celebrated in Scotland?42. Which are the two most important and famous universities in Britain?43. What is the goal of education in the U.K.?44. Is the British education system run by the state or the private sector?45. Where do British universities receive their funds besides students tuition?46. Why does the author say that "the way the living arrangements of a society as a whole are organized tells us something about that society"?47. What are the four main types of home in Britain? How do they reflect the cost and status of homes? What are some of the major types of home in China?48. How are people in the UK divided into different classes?49. Is the class system similar with the United States?50. What and how did the British empire end? How did the British react to this reality?51. What are the foundations of Britain's foreign policy?52. How is Britain's foreign policy made? Does the government's foreign policy represent the desires of British citizens?53. Why does the author say that the decision to join the EC was and remains controversial in Britain?54. Why does the author think that Britain has the "special relationship" with the United States? Does this relationship still exist?55. What are some of the general characteristics of Australia in terms of land, people and culture?56. Discuss the climate in Australia. What are some of the major differences between Australia and China in terms of the climate?57. What are the six states of Australia? What are some of the major similarities or differences in terms of population, early settlement and economy in the six states?58. Can you point out some main differences between the Australian government system and the British government system?59. Discuss the Australian education system. What are some of the features in the system that are specifically Australian?60. What are some of the distinct features of New Zealand's geography? Find out similarities and differences in terms of geography between New Zealand and Australia.61. What are some of the similarities between New Zealand and Britain in the government system?62. How did modern development in Europe influence the settlement of North American colonies?63. What was the unique American phenomenon ? How did it come into being? Do you think it still exists in today's American society?64. In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?65. What are the two political parties in the United States? Do you think they are fundamentally different?66. What is the Bill of Rights? Do you think that it was necessary to write the Bill of Rights explicitly into the U.S. Constitution?67. Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? Was it necessary to change the Articles of Confederation and write a new constitution for the new nation of the United States at the time?68. What is a federal system? What are some of the major differences between a federal system and a confederation?69. What are some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the U.S. government? How are the three branches supposed to check and balance each other?70. It is known to all that buying and selling stocks is a risky business. Why do you think there are still so many people involved in it?71. What promotes the diversity in American religion?72. In what way do you think that religious freedom was a historical necessity in the United States?73. What is the relationship between government and religion in America?74. What are some of the features in religion that are particularly American? What are some of the major differences between American religion and religion in Europe?75. What is the main theme in American literature according to the author? How does the author illustrate his point?76. Why did Mark Twain win so many readers both at home and abroad?77. What are the major characteristics of education in America?78. What are some of the major themes in novels written by the "Lost Generation"?79. What is the goal of education in the United States? Discuss the similarities and differences in Great Britain, the United States and China concerning the goals of education.80. What does an American student learn?81. What were the major social movements of the 1960s? And what was the historical background of the social movements of that decade?82. The black political movement that began as a force for integration changed course in the mid-1960s and began to emphasize black uniqueness and even black separatism. What caused this transformation?83. Draw analogies between the black revolution and the women's movement. What common assumptions do they share?84. The author says that the United States was founded on the principle of human equality, but in practice the nation has fallen far short of that ideal. Illustrate this point with what you have learned from this book.85. What does poverty mean in the United States ? Why is poverty a social problem in America?86. Why does the author emphasize that the invention of one technology has to be supported by a number of related technologies which form a supporting system? Give examples.87. When are the American football matches held?88. Why did a musical form of black origin gain acceptance in all classes in America and spread throughout the country?89. What are the contributions made by Louis Armstrong to the early jazz music?90. Why Canada is regularly rated as having the best standard of living in the world?91.What is the distinct feature in Canadian modern literature?92. Discuss the similarities and differences in the government systems between the U.K. and Canada.93. What are some of the characteristics of the Canadian party system?94. What are some of the things that make Canada a unique and interesting country?95. How do you understand "multiculturalism"?96. Why do you think the author says that Canada has avoided the worst excesses of intolerance and prejudice?97. What is the Canada's Place in the World Economy?98. Do you think the Canadian government should subsidize the inefficient Canadian farmers or import foodstuff from neighbouring American states?99. Why is the idea of survival thought of as the central symbol of Canadian literature? What does cultural survival mean in Canadian literature?100. What are the major reasons for Canada's active role in international organizations? And how does Canada play its active role?外国语学院：曾倩英语国家概况（1）（2）问题库答案1. British history has been a history of invasions. Before the first century AD Britain was made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people: a powerful culture originating in central Europe. Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire, and England and Wales (though not Scotland or Ireland) became a part of the Roman empire for nearly 400 years.Two more groups of invaders were to come after the English: from the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia, the ferocious Vikings, threatened Britain's shores….2. Scotland is the second largest of the four nations, both in population and in geographical area. It is also the most confident of its own identity because alone amongst the non-English components of the UK it has previously spent a substantial period of history as a unified state independent of the UK. Thus it is not a big leap for the Scottish to imagine themselves independent again.Physically, Scotland is the most rugged part of the UK, with areas of sparsely populated mountains and lakes in the north (The Highlands), and in the south (The Southern Uplands). Three-quarters of the population lives in the lowland zone which spans the country between these two highland areas. The largest city is Glasgow, in the west of this zone. Scotland's capital city is Edinburgh, on the east coast forty miles away from Glasgow. It is renowned for its beauty, and dominated by its great castle on a high rock in the centre of the city. Both cities have ancient and internationally respected universities dating from the 15th century.3. Wales was always under pressure from its English neighbours, particularly after the Norman conquest, when Norman barons set up castles and estates in Wales under the authority of the English Crown. Some brief campaigns are the only times in history when Wales has existed as a unified independent nation.4.Y es, there are. The close long-standing relationship means that modern Wales lacks some of the outward signs of difference which Scotland possesses—its legal system and its education system are exactly the same as in England. Often official statistics are given for "England and Wales". However, Wales is different, and one of the key markers of that difference is the Welsh language—the old British Celtic tongue which is still in daily use.5. Until 1921 the full name of the UK was "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", not only "Northern Ireland", because the whole island of Ireland was politically integrated with Great Britain, and had been since 1801, while Britain's domination of the Irish dated back centuries even before that date. But Irish desires for an independent Irish state were never lost, andone of the key issues in late nineteenth century British politics was a campaign in parliament for what was called "home-rule"—Irish political control of Irish affairs. The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914, but the process was overtaken by the First World War and was suspended for the duration of the war.6. Along with the political campaign for home-rule there were groups who followed a more direct method of pursuing Irish independence, engaging in guerilla or terrorist activities against British institutions and the British military forces. During the First World War and immediately after, this activity increased, sometimes brutally suppressed by British forces.7. Margaret Thatcher's government did not give in to this demand for political status and 11 prisoners starved to death. This event revitalised the political campaign of Sinn Fein, the legal political party which supports the IRA's right to fight. Its leaders spoke of a twin campaign for union with Ireland, both political and military, which they called the policy of "The Bullet and the Ballot Box".8. The problem lay in the "commitment to peaceful methods" aspect of the possible talks. Province-wide elections are planned under a complex formula to ensure a wide range of representation on the body which will carry out these talks, in an attempt to give them legitimacy. Without the participation of Sinn Fein and the IRA it is hard to see them succeeding. Northern Ireland is poised on the brink—a new peaceful future, or a return to the violence that has claimed 3150 lives so far.9. The oldest institution of government is the Monarchy (rule by the king).10. It was a gang of feudal barons and the Church which opposed some of King John's (1199—1216) policies. This opposition was so powerful that the king finally granted them a charter of liberty and political rights, still known by its medieval Latin name of Magna Carta. Magna Carta placed some limits on the king's ability to abuse his royal power. This is still regarded as Britain's key expression of the rights of citizens against the Crown.11. Shakespeare is the most important figure at that time. He excels in each kind. The tragedies include Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. Among the comedies are The Taming of the Shrew, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Twelfth Night, and The Tempest. His history plays, based on English history, include Richard III, Richard II, Henry IV, and Henry V.Julius Caesar and Antony and Cleopatra are tragedies on classical themes.12. The House of Commons.13. The party that wins most votes in general election and the leader of this winning party would become Prime Minister.14. They more and more like sports….15. For five years.16. Anyone who is eligible vote to can stand as an MP. It is necessary only to make a deposit of 500 pounds (a quite easily obtainable amount in the UK) which is lost if the candidate does not receive at least 5% of the vote.17. There are three major national parties: The Conservative party and the Labour party are the two biggest, and any general election is really about which of those two is going to govern. But there is a third important party, the Liberal Democrats, who usually receive up to about 20% of the votes: not enough to form a government, but enough to have a big impact on which of the other two parties does so. The Conservative Party spent most time in power18. Tony Blair belong to Labor Party.19. By the 1880s the British economy was dominant in the world, producing one third of the world's manufactured goods, half its coal and iron, half its cotton.20. But even by 1900 this was no longer the case, the UK having been overtaken by both the United States and Germany; and certainly from 1945 until the present, the story of the UK economy is usually thought of as one of decline.21. India, popularly known as "The Jewel in the Crown" of the British Empire, gained its independence in 1947.22. This has a number of consequences for British society, mainly positive, though with some indirect negative effects. On the positive side such immigrant groups bring their culture with them,which increases the variety and interest within British culture: for example, the UK, which used to have a bad reputation for food, now has a cuisine as varied as any, with Indian and Chinese restaurants in every community, as well as many other varieties in bigger cities. This variety in restaurant food has resulted in more experimentation at home, so that shops now carry a much wider variety of goods to supply the demand, and there are many TV programmes and books devoted to all kinds of different cooking. The negative side of things lies largely in the attitude of some of their white neighbours.23. While there is a growing ethnic minority middle-class, and many individual success stories, by most measures the immigrant population is worse-off economically speaking than the white population as a whole. Individuals from ethnic minorities are more likely to be unemployed; and they are under-represented in politics too, though there are now a number of black and Asian MPs. But there are also a number of small political parties in the UK with overtly racist policies.24. With the Norman Conquest in 1066 Britain entered the Middle Ages (1066—1485), and the language of the royal court became French. So literature of that period was written in French or Latin. But one work from these times often studied today by middle school and college students is The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer (1343—1400). He was the first court poet to write in English.25. The word "parliament" comes from the verb "to parley", that is, to discuss or talk. The term was first used officially in 1236 to describe the gathering of feudal barons and representatives from counties and towns which the king occasionally summoned if he wanted to raise money.26. On an average day, 90 per cent of Britons over the age of 15 read a national or local paper. And in the evening, most Britons settle down to watch some television: 96 percent of the population watch TV at least once a week, making it Britain's most popular leisure activity. The third most popular pastime, after watching telly and reading newspapers, is listening to the radio, an activity in which 73 per cent of the population engages in on a weekly basis. It is obvious, then, that the media are central to British leisure culture.27. British newspaper culture is unusual in the extent to which class and educational differences are reflected in the newspapers people read. In other developed countries like Japan and the United States, newspaper reading is a mainly middle-class habit, but in Britain the "lower classes" are also regular readers.28. While officially speaking the British press is "free" from government control and censorship and can print what it likes, there are limits to what will appear in the daily paper.29. The British Broadcasting Corporation - more familiarly known as the BBC or even "the Beeb" - is Britain's main public service broadcaster The BBC is funded by licence fees and viewers must buy a license each year for their TV set.30. Roughly the first third of the 19th century makes up English literature's romantic period. Writers of romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason, which marked the 18th century. Perhaps the rather violent and ugly world about them drove 19th-century writers to a literary refuge.31. Modernism in literature can be seen as a reaction against the nineteenth century forms discussed above, which can be thought of as assuming understanding between writer and reader, resulting in the simple communication of an agreed version of the "world". This approach to writing is known as "Realism." Instead, Modernist writers express the difficulty they see in understanding and communicating how the world works. Often, therefore, Modernist writing seems disorganized, hard to understand. It often portrays the action from the viewpoint of a single confused individual, rather than from the viewpoint of an all-knowing impersonal narrator outside the action….32. Postmodernists can be thought of as abandoning that search. Meaning does not exist outside of the human head, likewise it does not exist inside a book, waiting to be discovered, instead it is made in the process of reading a book, or of making sense of the world….33. Tennis was invented in Britain and it owes its origins, literally, to the Church. Church records indicate that by the mid-fifteenth century, people were making a game of bouncing a ball off the side of their local churches or cathedrals, first using the hand, and later a racquet. This was called "tenys". Such antics sometimes offended the clergy who complained that the dignity and tranquility of the church was shattered by such games, but they also illustrate how central the church was to community life.34. There are legends that suggest that games like football and rugby actually derived from the "sport" of ancient warriors celebrating victory by kicking around the decapitated head of an enemy.There is a similar grisly tale told about origins of bowling: it is said that in ancient times, Scottish warriors rolled the skulls of their enemies along the grass for sport.35. Today, violence is still associated with football. "Football hooligans", supporters of rival teams, sometimes clash before, during and after matches and occasionally run riot through the town, breaking windows and beating each other up. Some football fans paint their faces and sing or chant football songs and it is not too difficult to imagine their warrior-ancestors.36. As generations of public school boys grew up to become the civil servants and rulers of the UK and its colonies, cricket became associated with a set of moral values, in particular the idea of "fair play" which characterised British government. Sir Ian Bancroft, a high level civil servant in the 1980s, remembered that when he began his career in Whitehall, one day his government minister was so angry that he threw the telephone at him. Sir Ian said he knew exactly how to respond: "having played cricket I was able to catch it and hand it back to him politely."37. Y es. Nowadays, Christmas is celebrated by most Britons by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards, preparing holiday foods, and decorating homes and workplaces with coloured lights, Christmas trees and ornaments.38. One of Britain's most impressive and colourful festivals happens on the second Saturday in June when the Queen's Birthday is officially celebrated by "trooping the colour" around Buckingham Palace in London.39. The English do not celebrate their famous writers or battles or patron saints, although they have all these things. However, one truly English holiday is Bonfire Night—sometimes called Guy Fawkes Night—celebrated in the early autumn.40. Another festival which comes from the 17th century battles between Catholics and Protestants is the Protestant celebration of their victory at the Battle of the Boyne (12 July) in 1690. Northern Irish Catholics celebrate the birthday of the patron saint of Ireland, St Patrick, on March 17 each year.41. While most British people welcome the coming of the New Y ear with parties, in Scotland, New Y ear's Eve called Hogmanay (31 December)—is the major winter celebration, and overshadows Christmas (called Y ule in Scotland) which is a very quiet affair. How Hogmanay iscelebrated varies throughout Scotland, but one widely practised custom is "first footing". There is a superstitious belief that the first person to cross the threshold of a household in the New Y ear can bring luck and prosperity: the appearance of a young, preferably dark haired and handsome man, is considered particularly lucky. First footers often bring a bottle of spirits, alcohol, a lump of coal or a peat as a gift and are given a "dram of whisky" as their reward.42. Cambridge University and Oxford University.43. The goal of British education is to socialize children.44. The British education system run by the state.45. In the UK, the amount of funding each university receives is based on its size, the number of students it teaches, and the research it conducts. So far, the UK has only one privately funded university, the University of Buckingham.46. For individual members of any society the home they live in is of great importance in their lives. The way the living arrangements of a society as a whole are organized tells us something about that society—its standard of living, its social and familial structure, the distribution of wealth in a society—both in terms of geography and social hierarchy—and even something about that society's values and dreams.47. There are, broadly speaking, four main types of home. The first kind are "flats" (or apartments), of varying size, often in modern multi-storey purpose-built buildings, though sometimes made by sub-dividing big old houses. Flats are often publicly owned. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace or row. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace or row; the fourth one is “detached.”48. The British people are divided into classes economically, culturally, educationally and etc.49. What is distinctive about the British class-system, and which marks it as different from the American or Chinese social structure, is that it has also retained a hereditary aristocracy.50. Two world wars had seriously influenced its empire position. The end of the great British empire was surprisingly rapid. In 1946, Jordan, in the Middle East, was granted independence.The following year, India and Pakistan followed suit. In 1948, Burma and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) were granted independence and left the Commonwealth as well, refusing to recognise the British monarch as the head of their new states. Throughout the next few decades, the process of decolonisation continued as other territories and possessions received their independence or were returned to their rightful rulers.51. The contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial history and also by its geopolitical traits. Perhaps the most important single factor which influences British policy-makers is its history.52. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain's foreign policy. The main government department involved is of course the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), but many other government ministries also play a part in formulating and executing the government's decisions.53. The decision to join the EEC was very controversial; and today, Britain's participation in the European Union, as it is now called, remains controversial. At the centre of the controversy is the fact that it is not clear what the European Union(EU) is and what it will become. The UK has always been very interested in encouraging free trade between countries and is therefore very supportive of the EU as a free trade area.However, the UK has always been less enthusiastic about giving up its national sovereignty (that is, its control over national decision-making) to a European government.54. Another major factor which influences British foreign policy is its relationship with the United States. This was quite natural, as the two were closely allied during World War II, and continued to work together closely in the post war years because they shared many of the same worries about the Soviet Union. Even today, in many respects British and American policy-makers agree generally on, for example, how the global economy should be managed, how a warlike state should be dealt with, issues about arms control and so on.55. Australia is the world's smallest continent and largest island, a relatively young nation established in an ancient land. Its development represents a triumph over remoteness and a harsh landscape…56. Australia is the driest inhabited continent and its rainfall varies extremely geographically and。

1. Why did William I have the Domesday Book compiled?In order to have a reliable record of all his lands, his tenants and their possessions and to discover how much they could be called upon to pay by way of taxes, William sent his clerks to compile a property record known as Domesday Book.2. What is the impact of the Wars of the Roses on feudalism in England?Feudalism received its death blow. No less than 80 nobles of royal blood were killed in the wars. The great medieval nobility was much weakened and discredited. The king’s power became supreme.3. In what way is Church of England uniquely related to the Crown?In that the Sovereign must be a member of that Church and as ‘Defender of the Faith’ must promise on his accession to uphold it.4. What was the Compromise of 1850?The Compromise of 1850 was an arrangement which kept a balance between free and slave states in the Senate.(参议院)5. What are the two most important acts passed in the 1960s that helped to improve the political equality of the black people?The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the V oting Rights Act of 1965.6. What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?There was no national executive to enforce the laws and there was no national court system and Congress had no power to tax, nor to regulate trade between states.7. Why did Ireland refuse to join in WW II?Ireland kept out of World War II to demonstrate its continued displeasure with the British.8. What happed to the French colony after the Seven Years’ War?After the Seven Y ear s’ War, the French were forced to give up every inch of land in North America and the whole of Canada came under the British rule.9. Into what political divisions is Australia separated? List the names of the states and territories.Australia is politically divided into six states and two territories. The six states are New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia and Tasmania. The two territories are the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory.10. How could you describe the Climate in New Zealand?The climate of New Zealand is generally temperate, but because the county runs north and south, the climate varies from the south to north.1. What is the significance of the Hundred Y ears’ War?The expulsion of English from France is regarded as a blessing for both countries; the superior size and wealth of France would certainly have hindered 妨碍the development of a separate English national identity, while French national identity was hindered so long as a foreign power occupied so much French territory.2. Name two of the tragedies written by Shakespeare.Romeo and Juliet; Hamlet.3. How many provinces does the Church of England have?The Church of England has two Provinces: Canterbury and Y ork.4. How will you characterize American foreign policy in the early 1930s? American foreign policy in the early 1930s can be characterized as isolationist.5. What is the characteristic of the American economy?The American economy is characterized by a high degree of monopoly.6. What is the guiding principle of community college?The guiding principle of community college is higher education for everyone and the philosophy that equality must mean equal opportunity for self-realization and for recognition of individual differences.7. What are the two official languages used in Ireland?They are Irish and English.8. In what way does Quebec different from the other provinces of Canada?It has a strong French culture.9. Why does Australia’s New South Wales called the premier (最早的)sate? Because it was the first colony established by Britain in 1788.。