2019高考英语基础词法和句法(共41张PPT)

•词性，成分和句型
实词： 可以单独作成分
1.名词（noun） 可数名词 /C/ n.
不可数名词 /U/ n. 1. feel,
2.代词（pronoun） 行为动词 及物动词
taste,look smell, sound
不及物动词
系动词 完全系动词 2. keep,stay,
3.动词（verb）
remain
He made a promise, but he didn’t keep it.
常用并列连词 1. （1）和，与 and
(2) 但是 ,而是 but / yet/ and yet 然而，而，而且 while
(3) 就在这个时候 when (4) 或者,还是 or (5) 否则 or / or else / otherwise (6) 因为 for
Either you leave the room or I call the police.
用合适的词填空：
1.He is a hard- working student, __so__we needn’t make him study.
2. The day breaks, _fo_r__the birds are singing.
从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须由连接词和 一个主句连用，不能独立存在.
请指出该复合句的主句和从句部分。
I wonder if you could
主句
从句
give me a hand.
• Anne wished she could tell people everything that she had gone through in the concentration camp（集中营）.
What he said upset me.
2. 谓语 位置一般在主语之后，说明主语的动作 或状态。谓语只能由动词或动词短语充 当。
Nobody knows him.
• The rich are not always happy.
• I am getting off at the next station.
Ⅱ.并列句
把两个或几个简 单句用并列连词连接 起来，则成为一个并 列句。
1. I turned on the TV.
We watched it. I turned on the TV and we
watched it. 2. He made a promise. He didn’t
keep it
3. 宾语
•宾语是及物动词所表示的动作的对象， 或介词所支配的对象。名词、代词 （宾格）、数词或相当于名词的词、 如doing, to do或其他短语或从句都 可以作宾语。 • We love our motherland.
• He gave up smoking last year.
• Do you understand what I mean?
• You need to think more in your studies.
4.表语 •表语放在系动词(be等)之后，用来说明主 语的特征、性质、身份或状态等。名词、 形容词、副词、代词、分词、动词不定式、 动名词、介词短语或从句都可以用作表语。
That sounds good.
He became angry.
Will you have to go tomorrow?
I wonder if it is because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’பைடு நூலகம்e grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
kind of power.
6. 状语
主要由副词，或与之相当的其他词类， 如非谓语动词或介词短语或从句充当。状 语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句 子。
• They are working very hard.
• Surely, we will help you.
• He was reading yesterday afternoon.
4. Because he studies very hard, he does well in his class.
5. He has two children who are students.
Ⅲ.复合句（Compound Sentence)
由一个主句加一个或多个从句构成复合句 主句是一个完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以独立存在。
句子成分
主谓宾表 定状补 同位语
1. 主语
表示所说的对象是“谁”或者是“什么”. 主语一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词, 如短语doing, to do或从句充当。
I like English and so does Tom.
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
5. Study hard _o_r_you will fail to pass the exam.
1. He has two children. They are students.
2. He has two children ; they are students.
3. He has two children and they are students.
Come to the cinema as early as possible. I for
have saved you a seat. = I have saved a seat____ you.
请说出下列句子类型
1.Autumn is coming. 2.They won’t let me go. 3.He showed me his new bike. 4.She knows what to do. 5.The weather is very cold. 6. Can’t you get them to help you? 7. Do you think it possible for Chinese to become a world language?
复合句中，主句只有一个，从句可以 有n个 . ( n ≥ 1 )
She said that she was unhappy and that she would tell my manager about this.
在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从句：
1.名词性从句 2.状语从句 3.定语从句
1）主语从句 2）宾语从句 3）表语从句 4）同位语从句
半系动词 助动词 情态动词
3. become, get, turn, grow, go 等
4. seem, appear
词类
4. 形容词（adjective） 5. 副词（adverb） 6. 数词（numeral） 基数词
序数词
虚词：
1. 冠词（article) ,a/an, the 2. 介词（preposition）, 如：on, at, in等； 3. 连词（conjunction）， 如：and, but等； 4. 感叹词（interjection），如： Oh!Ah!等。
The news that our team won the game makes us happy.
简单句的五种基本句型
1.主+ 系+表 2. 主+谓 3. 主+谓+宾 4. 主+谓+宾+宾补 5. 主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语
4. 主+谓+宾+宾补 （1）n. （2）adj. （3）adv. 复合宾语（4） prep. Phrase （5）to do (tell, ask, want, get, would like ，wait for等） （6）do (make, let, have, see, watch, notice, hear find, feel等） (7) doing (have, get, see, hear等 (8) done (make, have, get, see, hear, feel, find等）
指出下列各从句的类型：
I hope that everything is all right.
She was reading the newspaper when I came in.
She is the girl who sings best of
状语从句
定语从 句
指出下列各从句中的从属连词
My dream has come true.
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
This is where he lives.
5 定语 主要由形容词或与之相当的其他词类，如
非谓语动i才或其他短语或从句充当。定语用 来修饰名词或代词.
You are hard-working students. a woman driver , a swimming pool a seven-day holiday , something new a man named Chuck Noland We should have someone to care about. Who is the boy in the hat? Machines were made which used this
3. When mother came back, she found I was watching TV _w_h__ile my younger sister was doing cleaning.