托福听力背景材料：波士顿

托福听力必备背景知识精选在托福听力备考的过程中，相信大家都会感觉到托福听力考试涉及的内容比较多，专业词汇更是令大家眼花缭乱。

想要快速的融入这些知识点，并不是想象中的那么容易。

然而，在这其中，托福听力的背景知识则又是一个很重要的备考资料。

那么，一下内容中就为大家带来托福听力必备背景知识精选，希望能为大家的托福听力备考带来帮助。

托福听力必备背景知识：植物学植物学(botany)是生物学的分支学科。

主要研究植物的结构(structure)、生长(growth)、繁殖(reproduction)、新陈代谢(metabolism)、发展(development)、化学特征(chemical properties)、疾病(disease)及进化(evolution)等等。

研究可以从多个角度切入，通过研究植物的细胞器(organelle)、细胞(cell)、组织(tissue)、器官(organ)、个体(individual)、种群(population)，可以了解到其分子(molecular)、基因(genetic)和生物化学(biochemistry)各方面的信息。

人类早期对于植物的研究主要出于辨别植物能否食用，能否入药及是否有毒，这也使植物学成为最老的一门学科之一。

当今植物学家研究了超过550000种植物，目的在于开发、利用、改造和保护植物资源，让植物为人类提供更多的食物、纤维、药物、建筑材料等。

植物的基本结构和其他话题一样，考生对于植物学的了解并不需要多么专业，但提醒各位考生，至少要了解一些和植物相关的基本词汇才能理解文章所要表达的内容。

以一棵树为例，其组成部分主要包括了树干(trunk)、树皮(bark)、根(root)、树枝(branch/bough)、细枝(twig)、嫩芽，幼苗(shoot)、树叶(leaves)、叶柄(stalk)等。

植物的花(flower)包括了花苞(bud)、花瓣(petal)、花蜜(nectar)、花粉(pollen)、雌蕊(pistil)、雄蕊(stamen)等。

波士顿大学考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 波士顿大学位于美国的哪个州？A. 加利福尼亚州B. 马萨诸塞州C. 纽约州D. 佛罗里达州答案：B2. 波士顿大学的吉祥物是什么？A. 熊B. 鹰C. 龙D. 狼答案：B3. 波士顿大学成立于哪一年？A. 1839年B. 1848年C. 1850年D. 1860年答案：A4. 波士顿大学的主校区位于哪个城市？A. 纽约市B. 波士顿市C. 芝加哥市D. 洛杉矶市答案：B5. 波士顿大学的校训是什么？A. 真理、自由、服务B. 知识、勇气、诚信C. 智慧、勤奋、公正D. 创新、合作、卓越答案：A6. 波士顿大学提供哪些学位？A. 学士和硕士B. 学士、硕士和博士C. 学士、硕士和专业学位D. 学士、硕士、博士和专业学位答案：D7. 波士顿大学的哪个学院以其电影和电视课程而闻名？A. 工程学院B. 法学院C. 传媒学院D. 医学院答案：C8. 波士顿大学在哪个排名中位列全美前50？A. 学术声誉B. 学生满意度C. 毕业生就业率D. 研究影响力答案：A9. 波士顿大学的图书馆藏书量是多少？A. 100万册B. 200万册C. 300万册D. 400万册答案：B10. 波士顿大学的校园占地面积是多少？A. 50英亩B. 100英亩C. 150英亩D. 200英亩答案：C二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 波士顿大学的缩写是________。

答案：BU2. 波士顿大学的官方颜色是________和________。

答案：红、白3. 波士顿大学提供超过________个本科专业。

答案：2504. 波士顿大学的医学院位于________。

答案：查尔斯河校区5. 波士顿大学的商学院名为________。

答案：奎斯特罗姆商学院6. 波士顿大学的学生组织数量超过________。

答案：4007. 波士顿大学的体育队伍称为________。

答案：特里尔斯8. 波士顿大学的学生人数大约为________。

托福听力考试背景素材汇总托福听力考试前我们可以多积累背景资料，在托福听力考试中偏向生活化同时也有一大局部是学术类的背景文章，所以下面为大家整理的背景资料可以帮助我们扩充相关知识。

1. 文科段子：艺术类音乐It may seem strange that we re discussing music from a Broadway production in this class, The Lion King especially, since it s based on a popular Hollywood movie. I mean music preformed for Broadway theater in the heart of New York city surely would seem to be in the western tradition of popular music and not have much in common with the music we have been studying in this course, such as gamelan music of Indonesia, or Zulu chants of South Africa, music that developed outside the western tradition of Europe and America. But in fact, musicians have a long-standing tradition of borrowing front one another s cultures. And this production s director intentionally included both western and non-western music. That way, some of the rhythms, instrument, and harmonies typical of non-western music contrast with and complement popular music more familiar to audiences in North America and Europe, music like rock, jazz or Broadway style show tunes. So I want to spend the rest of this class and most of the next one on the music from the show The Lion King as a way of summarizing some of the technical distinctions between typical western music and the non-western music that we ve been studying. Now the African influence on the music is clear. The story takes place in Africa. So the director got a South African composer to write songs with a distinctly African sound. And the songs even include words from African languages. But we ll get back to the African influence later. First let s turn to the music that was written for the shadow puppet scenes in The Lion King , music based on the Indonesian music used in the shadow puppet theater of that region 2. 理科段子：天文学In ancient times, many people believed the earth was a flat disc. Well over 2,000 years ago; the ancient Greek philosophers were able to put forward two good arguments proving that it was not. Direct observations of heavenly bodies were the basis of both these arguments. First, the Greeks knew that during eclipses of the moon the earth was between the sun and the moon, and they saw that during these eclipses, the earth s shadow on the moon was always round, they realized that this could be true only if the earth was spherical, It the earth was a flat disc, then its shadow duringeclipses would not be a prefect circle; it would be stretched out into a long ellipse. The second argument was based on what the Greeks saw during their travels. They noticed that the North Star, or Polaris, appeared lower in the sky when they traveled south, in the more northerly regions, the North Star appeared to them to be much higher in the sky. By the way, it was also from this difference in the apparent position of the North Star that the Greeks first calculated the approximate distance around the circumference of the earth, a figure recorded in ancient documents says 400.000 stadium, that s the plural of the world stadium. Today, it s not known exactly what length one stadium represents, but let s say it was about 200 meters, the length of many athletic stadiums. This would make the Greek s estimate about twice the figure accepted today, a very good estimate for those writing so long before even the first telescope was invented.3. 文科段子：文学名着Continuing our survey of the 19th century, let s take a look now at Harriet Beecher Stowe. Now Stowe is best known for her novel Uncle Tom s Cabin, a book that details the harshness of plantation life in the south. The book was extremely popular in the United States as well as in other countries. Ironically though, for all the attention given to Uncle Tom s Cabin, it s far from Stowe s best work. She did write one other novel about life in the south, but much of her best work has nothing with the south at all. In fact, Stowe s best writing is about village life in the New England s states in the 19th century. In recording to the customs of the villages she wrote about, Stowe claimed that her purpose was to reflect the images as realistically as possible. She usually succeeded, for her settings were often described accurately and in detail. In this sense, she was an important forerunner to the realistic movement that became popular later in the 19th century. She was one of the first writers to use local dialect for her characters when they spoke. And she did this for 30 years before Mark Twain popularized the use of local dialect. It makes sense that Stowe would write about New England life, since she was born in Connecticut. As a young woman there, she worked as a teacher. The teaching job helped lead to her first published work, a geography book for children. Later when she was married, her writing helped her support her family financially. Throughout her life, she wrote poems, travel books, biographical sketches and children s books, as well as novels for adults.4. 生活段子：噪音影响I m grad to see so many of you here. We ve become really alarmed over the health center by the number of students we are seeing, who are experiencing hearing loss. First, I want to go over some basic about hearing. Then we can take a look at our school environment and see if we can figure out some ways to protect hearing. The leading cause of preventable hearing loss is excessive noise. Too much moderate noise for a long time or some types of intense noise for even a short time can damage hearing. Loudness is measured in units called decibels. One decibel is the lowest sound that the average person can here. Sounds up to 80 decibels generally aren t harmful. That s noise like traffic on a busy street. But anything louder than 80 decibels, especially with continuous exposure, may eventually hurt your hearing. Once you are up to around 140 decibels, that s like a jet plane taking off, then you might even feel pain in your ears. And pains are sure sign that your hearing s at risk. Even one exposure to a really loud noise at close range can cause hearing loss. So what you need to do is limit your exposure to harmful levels. If you pass along this handout, we can take a look at the decibel level of some common campus sounds. Notice how loud those horns are that people take to football games. They are really dangerous if blown right behind you. Now, let s try to generate a list of damaging noises。

波士顿大学考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 波士顿大学位于美国的哪个州？A. 加利福尼亚州B. 马萨诸塞州C. 纽约州D. 德克萨斯州答案：B2. 波士顿大学的校训是什么？A. Lux, Veritas, VirtusB. In lumine Tuo videbimus lumenC. Provehito in altumD. Sapere aude答案：B3. 以下哪位不是波士顿大学的著名校友？A. Martin Luther King Jr.B. Alexander Graham BellB. Michael BloombergD. J.K. Rowling答案：D4. 波士顿大学成立于哪一年？A. 1839年B. 1848年C. 1851年D. 1865年答案：A5. 波士顿大学的主要校园颜色是什么？A. 蓝色和白色B. 红色和黑色C. 绿色和黄色D. 金色和紫色答案：A6. 波士顿大学的吉祥物是什么？A. 鹰B. 熊C. 狼D. 獾答案：A7. 波士顿大学提供以下哪个学位？A. 博士学位B. 硕士学位C. 学士学位D. 所有以上选项答案：D8. 波士顿大学的哪个学院是美国最古老的法学院之一？A. Questrom商学院B. 医学院C. 法学院D. 工程学院答案：C9. 波士顿大学的哪个图书馆是美国最古老的大学图书馆之一？A. Mugar图书馆B. 哈佛大学图书馆C. 波士顿公共图书馆D. 纽约公共图书馆答案：A10. 波士顿大学的学生总数大约是多少？A. 20,000B. 30,000C. 40,000D. 50,000答案：C二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）11. 简述波士顿大学的历史背景。

答案：波士顿大学成立于1839年，最初是一所卫理公会大学。

它是美国第三大私立大学，提供从本科到博士的广泛课程。

波士顿大学以其研究实力和国际化的学生群体而闻名。

12. 描述波士顿大学的学术优势。

托福听力素材30个美国校园场景托福听力是整个托福考试中最为重要的一个部分。

想要提升托福的听力水平取决于多方面的因素。

下面为大家带来托福听力必备材料美国校园的30个场景，希望能为大家的托福备考带来协助。

1.东西丢了：lost the key，can’t found the note2.剃头：hardly bald, hairstyle change for not covering the eyes, cut curl hair3.搭车：pick up the third one at the airline, give me a ride to the office4.穿衣： a jean and T-shirt for interview is casual, clothes is wet before the concert5.花需要光： put the flower to the window, the bookcase will prevent the sunlight, need the fresh6.忘了： slip my mind, forgot to give the note to someone7.图书馆： spend the whole day in the library, make the photocopy at library, meet at the library, return the books to the library, library is a better place to study8.室友： looking for a roommate, roommate should apologize, roommate is too noisy,9.吃的：fish can’t be eat, berry is a bush even for a bird, bread is over toasted, vegetables are over cooked, bread may be in the refrigerator,10.借东西： lend me calculus book(calculator), borrow the money from check, borrow car for shopping。

托福听力必备背景知识集锦在托福听力备考的过程中，相信大家都会感觉到托福听力考试涉及的内容比较多，专业词汇更是令大家眼花缭乱。

想要快速的融入这些知识点，并不是想象中的那么容易。

然而，在这其中，托福听力的背景知识则又是一个很重要的备考资料。

那么，一下内容中就为大家带来托福听力必备背景知识集锦，希望能为大家的托福听力备考带来帮助。

托福听力背景积累：考古年代的测定Dating Methods in ArchaeologyIf there is one fundamental issue on which most archaeologists can generally agree, it is the importance of chronology in studying the past. Although one of the most important contributions that archaeology can make is the study of cultures over long time spans, control of the time dimension is crucial in almost all kinds of archaeological research. In studying the archaeological record, the archaeologist needs to differentiate those materials that are contemporary and those that reflect the passage of time. Given the importance of establishing the temporal relationships of archaeological remains, it is not surprising that until the introduction of dating techniques from the physical sciences (e.g., chemistry and nuclear physics), issues of chronology dominated archaeology. Archaeologists can now access a wide variety of techniques to estimate the age of archaeological remains, and can now turn their attention to issues other than chronology.The dating methods used by archaeologists vary considerably in precision and the nature of the material actually dated. Age determinations for archaeological materials may be direct or indirect. Direct dates are derived from the actual artifact,feature or ecofact to determine the age of the material. Indirect dates are based on material associated with the archaeological item of interest. For example, ash in an ancient hearth can be dated by the radiocarbon dating method (discussed below) and other material, such as pottery, stone tools, and fragments of animal bone associated with the hearth, can then be indirectly assigned the same age. This assignment, however, assumes that there is sufficient evidence indicating that both the hearth and the artifacts reflect the same contemporaneous event, thus allowing the extension of the direct date to the other related material.托福听力背景积累：尼亚加拉瀑布尼亚加拉瀑布(Niagara Falls)位于加拿大和美国交界的尼亚加拉河中段地区，有着世界七大奇景之一的美誉。

十大托福听力必备材料之音乐艺术类音乐It may seem strange that we're discussing music from a Broadway production inthis class， "The Lion King" especially， since it's based on a popularHollywood movie． I mean music preformed for Broadway theater in the heart ofNew York city surely would seem to be in the western tradition of popular musicand not have much in common with the music we have been studying in thiscourse， such as gamelan music of Indonesia， or Zulu chants of South Africa，music that developed outside the western tradition of Europe and America． Butin fact， musicians have a long－standing tradition of borrowing front oneanother's cultures． And this production's director intentionally included bothwestern and non－western music． That way， some of the rhythms，instrument， andharmonies typical of non－western music contrast with and complement popularmusic more familiar to audiences in North America and Europe，music like rock， jazz or Broadway style show tunes． So I want to spend the restof this class and most of the next one on the music from the show "TheLion King" as a way of summarizing some of the technical distinctionsbetween typical western music and the non－western music that we've beenstudying． Now the African influence on the music is clear． The story takesplace in Africa． So the director got a SouthAfrican composer to write songs with a distinctly African sound． And the songseven include words from African languages． But we'll get back to the Africaninfluence later． First let's turn to the music that was written for the shadowpuppet scenes in "The LionKing"， music based on the Indonesian musicused in the shadow puppet theater of that region．。

托福听力之美国文化背景所属专题:托福听力来源:互联网要点:托福听力收藏听力考试中常常会遇到很多涉及美国文化背景的单词。

虽然不难,但是不熟悉的学生还是会感觉到理解上有点问题。

今天小编为你们整理了一些美国文化背景只是进行。

★The Melting Pot 熔炉原音重现:“The Melting Pot? What does it mean? The U.S.A?”托福听力文化背景分析:美国的别称。

因为美国是一个由来自世界各地不同民族的移民融合组成的国度。

这些移民说的英语不像英国人的英语那样具有较强的阶层性与地域多样性。

他们形成了相似的生活习惯与礼节。

城乡居民的差别也不像其他国家的那样明显。

美国社会虽然竞争性强,且存在着种族歧视,但它在同化来自不同民族的移民方面又表现出相当大的弹性与包容性。

因而,形成了全新的整体文化与共同的民族意识,使美国成为“一个多民族组成的国家”。

★Yuppies and Yuffies 雅皮士与雅非士原音重现:“Yuppies and Yuffies? What are they?”托福听力文化背景分析:雅皮士是美国人根据嬉皮士(Hippies仿造的一个新词,意思是“年轻的都市专业工作者”。

雅皮士从事那些需要受过高等教育才能胜任的职业,如律师、医生、建筑师、计算机程序员、工商管理人员等。

他们的年薪很高。

与嬉皮士们不同,雅皮士们没有颓废情绪,不关心政治与社会问题,只关心赚钱,追求舒适的生活。

雅非士意为“都市中失败的年轻人”。

他们虽然觉得自己的生活无法与雅皮士的生活相比,但又不愿意有失落感,并发誓要找到自己的归宿。

★Uncle Sam 山姆大叔原音重现:“Hello! Uncle Sam!”托福听力文化背景分析:美国的绰号与象征。

它怎样成为美国的绰号和象征的呢? 普遍的说法是:1812年,美英战争期间,美国特罗城有一个专门供应军用牛肉的商人名叫山姆尔·威尔逊,人们平时都叫他山姆大叔(Uncle Sam。

新托福听力文化背景资料汇总1)「熔炉」(The Melting Pot) 备考指数：☆☆☆美国的别称。

因为美国是一个由来自世界各地不同民族的移民融合组成的国度。

这些移民说的英语不像英国人的英语那样具有较强的阶层性与地域多样性。

他们形成了相似的生活习惯与礼节;城乡居民的差别也不像其他国家的那样明显。

美国社会虽然竞争性强，且存在着种族歧视，但它在同化来自不同民族的移民方面又表现出相当大的弹性与包容性。

因而，形成了全新的整体文化与共同的民族意识，使美国成为“一个多民族组成的国家”。

美国人的人生观是基于个人奋斗、自我管束与竞争精神之上的。

2)「雅皮士与雅非士」(Yuppies and Yuff ies) ☆☆☆雅皮士是美国人根据嬉皮士(Hippies)仿造的一个新词，意思是“年轻的都市专业工作者” .雅皮士从事那些需要受过高等教育才能胜任的职业，如律师、医生、建筑师、计算机程序员、工商管理人员等。

他们的年薪很高。

雅皮士们事业上十分成功，踌躇满志，恃才傲物，过着奢侈豪华的生活。

与嬉皮士们不同，雅皮士们没有颓废情绪，不关心政治与社会问题，只关心赚钱，追求舒适的生活。

雅非士意为“都市中失败的年轻人”。

他们虽然觉得自己的生活无法与雅皮士的生活相比，但又不愿意有失落感，并发誓要找到自己的归宿。

3)「山姆大叔」(Uncle Sam) ☆☆☆☆它是美国的绰号与象征。

山姆大叔的英文为Uncle Sam，缩写是U.S.，正好与美国的英文缩写相同。

但它怎样成为美国的绰号和象征的呢?普遍的说法是：1812年，美英战争期间，美国特罗城有一个专门供应军用牛肉的商人(也有的说是军事订货的官员)名叫山姆尔。

威尔逊(Samuel Wilson，1776—1854)，人们平时都叫他山姆大叔(Uncle Sam)。

美国政府收购他的牛肉箱上都盖U.S.字样。

人们遂开玩笑说这些盖有U.S.字样的箱子都是山姆大叔的。

后来“ 山姆大叔”便成了美国的绰号。