婴幼儿功能性胃肠病
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巧治小儿功能性腹痛*导读:小儿功能性腹痛作为儿科常见疾病之一,主要表现为脐周间断性腹痛,多伴有恶心呕吐、厌食等,发作时间长短不一,可自行缓解,呈周期性……小儿功能性腹痛作为儿科常见疾病之一,主要表现为脐周间断性腹痛,多伴有恶心呕吐、厌食等,发作时间长短不一,可自行缓解,呈周期性,严重影响着患儿的生长和发育。
小儿功能性腹痛的发病机制还不十分清楚,可能与以下几点有关:1.小儿胃肠功能紊乱、胃肠黏膜轻微炎症、内脏敏感性增加,以及心理障碍等因素;2.体内B内腓肽活件增高、胃肠道平滑肌兴奋性增加,导致肌痉挛等,最终导致腹痛;3.小儿生长发育相对较快,其钙摄人量明显较少或维生素D摄人量明显不足,低血钙导致胃肠道平滑肌兴奋性增高、痉挛性收缩等,最终引起阵发性腹痛。
采用醒脾养儿颗粒联合五维葡钙口服溶液临床治疗小儿功能性腹痛效果较好,可以一试。
方法:醒脾养儿颗粒(贵州健兴药业有限公司),用开水冲服,一岁以内一次2克,一日2次;一岁至二岁一次4 克,一日2次,三岁至六岁一次4克,一日3次;七岁至十四岁一次6~8克,一日2次。
五维葡钙口服溶液用法:l岁以下,一次2毫升;1~6岁,一次2~4毫升; 6~12岁,一次4~6毫升,一日2~3次。
疗程为1个月。
五维葡钙中葡萄糖酸钙可以维持神经肌肉的正常兴奋性,配以维生素D:町以促进小肠黏膜刷状缘对钙的吸收。
药效学研究证实,醒脾养儿颗粒能够抑制抑制乙酰胆碱所致的肠肌痉挛、收缩,发挥解痉功效;抑制新斯的明所致的肠运动亢进;抑制番泻叶的致泻作用;延长戊巴比妥钠所致的睡眠时间,发挥安神功效。
故醒脾养儿颗粒联合五维葡钙口服溶液治疗小儿功能性腹痛安全有效,无不良反应,值得推广。
杨梦云吃药防疾病儿童不适用如今,吃药防病的理念在很多家长身上也并不少见。
一到感冒高发期,不少家长会选择一些中药,比如,给孩子吃板蓝根提前预防流感。
这种做法并不正确。
一般来说,药物的代谢多通过肝肾两个脏器完成,然而,孩子各脏器的功能还处在发育之中,用药不当会影响孩子的健康。
G2. Rumination Syndrome反刍综合征
Rumination is the habitual regurgitation of stomach contents into the mouth for the purpose of self-stimulation.Rumination has the following clinical presentations: infant rumination syndrome, rumination in neurologically impaired children and adults, and rumination in healthy older children and adults.反刍是指胃内容物习惯性的反流入口腔,以达到自
我消解的目的。
除了婴幼儿反刍综合征,健康或神经系统受损的年长儿和成人均可发生反刍。
G2.Diagnostic Criteria for Rumination Syndrome反刍综合症的诊断标准Must include all of the following for at least 2 months:
必须满足以下所有条件,症状持续至少 2 个月:
1. Repetitive contractions of the abdominal muscles,diaphragm, and tongue腹肌、膈肌和舌肌的反复收缩。
2. Effortless regurgitation of gastric contents, which are either expelled from the mouth or rechewed and reswallowed
胃内容物不费力反流,再从口腔吐出或者重新咀嚼后再次咽下
3. Three or more of the following:满足以下3 项或以上:
a. Onset between 3 and 8 months发病年龄为3~8 月龄
b. Does not respond to management for gastroesophageal reflux disease and regurgitation按GERD 和反流治疗均无效;
c. Unaccompanied by signs of distress不伴有痛苦的表情
d. Does not occur during sleep and when the infant is interacting with individuals in the environment睡眠时或与周围其他人交流时不发作
Clinical evaluation. 临床评价:
Infant rumination syndrome is rare, and has received little attention in the literature. A recent questionnaire based study of 1447 mothers showed a prevalence of 1.9%. 婴幼儿反刍综合征比较少见,并且很少有文献报道。
最近一项由1447 名母亲参与研究的调查问卷表明其患病率为 1.9%。
Rumination historically has been considered a self-stimulatory behavior that arises in the context of longstanding social deprivation. In the limited published literature, maternal behavior may appear to be neglectful or slavishly attentive, but there is no enjoyment in holding the baby or sensitivity to the infant’s needs for comfort and satisfaction.反刍被认为是一种在长期得不到关怀情况下出现自我安慰的行为。
母亲可能表现为忽视或盲目关注,她们在照顾孩子的过程中缺乏乐趣或对于婴幼儿对舒适和满意的要求缺乏敏感性。
Observing the ruminative act is essential for diagnosis.However, such observations require time, patience, and stealth because rumination can cease as soon as the infant notices the observer. No tests are necessary for the diagnosis of infant rumination syndrome.观察反刍动作是诊断所必需的,但需要有足够的时间、耐心和隐蔽性,因为一旦婴幼儿发现有人在观察他时会立即停止反刍动作。
婴幼儿反刍综合征的诊断不需要实验室检查。
Treatment. 治疗
Historically, infant rumination syndrome responded to empathetic and
responsive nurturing.Excessive and continuous loss of previously swallowed food may cause progressive malnutrition. Behavioral therapy is useful in eliminating rumination in highly motivated adults or children with neurologic impairment. 从历史上看,婴儿反刍综合症对充满感情的和有交流的养育方式有反应。
过度或持续地呕吐之前已经吞咽的食物可引起进行性的营养不良。
行为疗法有助于消除高积极性的成年人或患有神经障碍的儿童的反刍。
There is no information on whether those techniques are useful in infant rumination syndrome. The most humane, developmentally appropriate, and comprehensive management aims at reversing the baby’s weight loss by eliminating its need for ruminative behavior. Treatment aims at helping the caregivers address their feelings toward the infant and to improve their ability to recognize and respond to the infant’s physical and emotional needs.目前还没有关于这些技术是否对婴儿反刍综合症有用的信息。
最人道、最适宜发育和最全面的管理,旨在通过消除婴儿的反刍行为的需要来扭转其体重减轻。
治疗的目的是帮助监护人员处理他们对婴儿的感觉,并提高他们的能力,认识和回应婴儿的生理和情感需求。