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英国朋友来中国学习汉语的英语作文全文共5篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Best Friend From Britain Came to Learn Chinese!Hi everyone! I'm so excited to tell you about my new best friend Jack who came all the way from Britain to learn Chinese. It's been such an awesome adventure having him here!Jack is 10 years old just like me. He has blonde hair, blue eyes, and a ton of freckles on his face. Jack's family moved to Shanghai from London because his dad got a new job here. Even though they don't speak any Chinese, Jack's parents wanted him and his little sister to learn the language.At first, Jack was really nervous about starting at a new school where nobody spoke English. He told me he was afraid the other kids would make fun of his terrible Chinese. I promised him that everybody at my school is super nice and we would help him learn.Jack's first day of school was hilarious! The teacher asked him to introduce himself in front of the whole class. Poor Jack's face turned bright red and he stammered "Wo...wo...jiao Jack."That's all he could get out because he was so shy! We all started cracking up, but in a friendly way. Jack looked scared for a second until I gave him a big smile and a thumbs up.After that rocky start, things got a lot better for Jack. I started showing him around the school and introducing him to all my friends. Even though we couldn't speak the same language at first, it was fun using body gestures to communicate. Jack learned the words for basic things like "hello", "thank you", and "soccer" right away.My absolute favorite thing was going with Jack to Chinese class every day. Watching him learn to write characters was hilarious! He could never remember the stroke order or tones. Jack would just scratch his head and say "Why are there so many lines?? This is mental!" I had to show him over and over again. Slowly but surely, he started improving little by little.When we weren't in class, Jack and I loved playing basketball together at recess. We didn't need to talk much since the game is the same everywhere. It felt awesome becoming friends through just shooting hoops without language. One day, the most popular boy Curtis came over and tried bullying Jack by saying "Wow, you're REALLY bad at this!" Without missing a beat, Jack fired back "Si, wo bu hao!" which means "Yes, I'm not good!" Weall busted out laughing at Jack making a joke in Chinese. Curtis just smiled and taught Jack some basketball trash talk after that.My favorite memories are from when Jack started getting more confident with his Chinese. He would run up to me excitedly and surprise me by saying whole sentences. Like one time he said "Wo jintian mai le yi ge xin de bisai! Kan!" and pulled out a new backpack from behind his back. I was so proud of him for using different tenses and saying "I bought a new backpack today. Look!"Another time, Jack's parents took us to a museum over the weekend. Even though it was pretty boring, it was awesome seeing how much Jack could comprehend. The tour guide would say stuff and then Jack would turn to me and whisper what it meant in English. At one point he leaned over and whispered "This guy's voice is putting me right to sleep!" He was so witty and funny, it made the whole museum way more fun.Jack has only been in China about six months, but his Chinese is already getting super good. He can pretty much keep up in class and understand all the basics. I think one of the biggest things that helped was Jack's great attitude. He was never afraid to make mistakes or be a little silly. Whenever hemessed up a tones, he would make a goofy face and laugh at himself.In fact, Jack's been such a good language learner that my parents joked about having ME take English lessons from HIM! I asked Jack to teach me some British slang and now I love words like "rubbish", "bloody", and "loo". My English teacher thought it was well weird that I raised my hand one day and asked her where the "loo" was. She looked so confused until Jack started cracking up!Even though there was a bit of a language barrier at first, Jack and I became best mates pretty much straight away. We helped each other with our schoolwork, played loads of sports together, and had tons of laughs. I'm going to be right gutted when Jack's family has to move back to Britain next year! I'll miss him terribly.If you ever have the chance to make friends with someone from another country, I can't recommend it enough! Learning about different cultures and languages has been a brilliant experience. Jack taught me that even if you can't speak the same mother tongue, you can find a way to communicate through actions, body gestures, jokes, or even just hanging out playinggames. I'm so lucky I got to be mates with Jack and show him around my world in China. I made a best friend for life!篇2My British Friend Learns ChineseHi everyone! I'm so excited to tell you about my really cool new friend. His name is Jack and he's from London, England. Jack just moved to my city in China a few months ago with his mom and dad. He's going to be living here for a whole year while his dad works at a big company.Even though Jack is only 9 years old like me, he's already really smart. He speaks perfect English obviously, since that's his native language. But he doesn't know any Chinese at all! That must be really hard for him since nobody in China (except his parents) speaks English. Jack's parents hired a tutor to come to their home a few times a week to teach Jack how to speak, read, and write Chinese.At first, Jack told me learning Chinese was super duper hard. The writing system with all the different characters is nothing like the English alphabet. And the tones you have to use when speaking were very confusing for him in the beginning. Jack saidit felt like his mouth was doing yoga poses! He got frustrated a lot in those first few weeks of lessons.But Jack is really determined and he practiced every single day. His tutor started by teaching him common phrases kids use, like "Hello, my name is..." and "Thank you." Then they moved on to things about school, like how to say "teacher," "student," "book," "pencil" and so on. Jack's parents put labels with the Chinese characters all over their home to help him learn.After a couple months, Jack could have simple conversations in Chinese! He could introduce himself, talk about his family, count to 100, and say things like "I'm hungry" or "That dog is cute." Jack's parents were so proud of how hard he worked.The other day, I met up with Jack at the park near his house. When I arrived, I heard him talking in Chinese with an elderly man who was walking his dog! Jack spotted me and ran over."Sarah! Sarah! Did you see that?! I just had a whole conversation in Mandarin with that grandpa!" Jack exclaimed breathlessly."That's awesome, Jack! What did you guys talk about?" I asked.Jack launched into an explanation in his stillheavily-accented but improving Chinese. "The grandpa asked me if I liked his dog. I said 'Yes, I love dogs! That dog is very cute.' Then he asked if I had any pets. I told him 'No, I don't have any pets at my home in China, but in England we had a cat.' We talked a little bit more about our pets back home too!"I gave Jack a high five. "Nice work! Your Chinese is getting so good. You're practically fluent!"Jack shook his head vigorously. "Oh no no, I'm still just a beginner. But I'm studying hard every day so I can learn as much as possible while we're here. Hey, want to practice some more with me? Let's sit on those swings and you can quiz me."For the next hour, Jack and I took turns testing each other on Chinese vocabulary words and phrases. We'd speak half in English and half in Mandarin, mixing it all together. It was kind of like a fun game!At one point, an ice cream truck pulled up to the park and all the kids went running over. Jack got his first chance to order something all by himself in Chinese! The ice cream man looked really surprised when this little blonde British boy walked up and, in pretty good Mandarin, said "One chocolate ice cream bar please!"When we said goodbye later, I felt so impressed by Jack's dedication and positive attitude. If a 9 year old kid from across the world can pick up this crazy hard language just by studying hard, maybe I could become fluent in another language too someday! Like French or Spanish. Or who knows, maybe I'll even try learning Jack's native English better than him. Just kidding...that's probably impossible for a Chinese kid like me!Anyways, I'm really grateful to have such an inspiring friend like Jack. He reminds me that if you truly put your mind to something and work at it diligently every day, you can accomplish anything! Even something as difficult as mastering Mandarin Chinese. I think Jack is going to be speaking like a pro by the time he leaves China next year. Yuan ben yi lu, as we say in Chinese...once you start walking down a road, there's no turning back!I can't wait to see how much more progress Jack makes with his Chinese over these next months. Having an awesome friend who's basically like a free language tutor is the best. Keep it up, Jack! Jia you!篇3My British Friend Learns ChineseHi, my name is Li Ming and I'm 10 years old. I live in Beijing, China with my mom, dad, and little sister Mei Mei. Last year, a new student joined my class at school. His name is Jack and he's from London, England!Jack's family moved to China because his dad got a job working for a big company here. Jack didn't know any Chinese when he first arrived. Everything was totally new and different for him. I remember on his first day, he looked really confused and a little scared.The Chinese language uses totally different letters and sounds than English. We don't have an alphabet, we use thousands of unique characters instead. Chinese also has four different tones that change the meaning of words. It's really tricky, even for us native speakers!Jack started from zero, learning basic greetings and nouns. Our teacher was very patient with him. At first, he could only say simple things like "Hello" (nǐ hǎo), "Thank you" (xiè xiè), and name objects around the classroom.In the beginning it was really hard for Jack. He got mixed up a lot because the tones and characters were so unfamiliar. Sometimes he'd accidently say things like "Mom is a horse"instead of "This is a book" just because his tones were a little off. We all had a good laugh about his mistakes.But Jack worked super hard every day, practicing writing characters and listening to audio lessons. Gradually, he started picking it up through full immersion at school and spending time with my family.My parents were really nice to Jack. They helped him learn words around the house and words for foods we ate. Jack says his favorite Chinese dish is Buddha's delight, a delicious vegetarian menu item. He hated it at first but got used to it.Jack still mixed up tones sometimes, which was funny. Once he accidently told my mom "I want to sleep with you" instead of "I want noodle soup" at dinner. My mom thought it was hilarious, but poor Jack turned bright red!After a few months, Jack could understand most of what our teachers said and have basic conversations. He worked really hard on writing lots of vocab words and simple sentences too. My parents were proud of his dedication.To encourage him, we played lots of games using his new language skills. We'd take turns putting different character tilestogether and seeing who could make the longest sentence. Jack loved games like that to practice.For his birthday, my mom made him practice reading out loud by helping hirrimt read a Chinese poem. I split my sides laughing at his pronunciation at first, but he got better very quickly.Now, a year later, Jack can speak, read and write Chinese at a high level for his age. It's amazing how fast he learned it all! Sometimes he'll still mix up an obscure word or say something a tiny bit off tone. But generally, he's really, really good. I'm proud of my friend for never giving up.Last week, Jack's whole family went with my family to watch a Peking Opera show. It's a special type of Chinese opera with incredible choreography, costumes and music. Before Jack learned Chinese, he wouldn't have understood any of it. But he watched intently and kept annotating the stories in a notebook. Afterwards, he analyzed the symbolism and talked about his favorite characters. Very impressive!My parents said Jack could become an amazing translator one day because he learned our crazy language plus syntax and culture so fast at such a young age. I think Jack's fluency inChinese will open up lots of opportunities for jobs, friends and fun as he grows up.It makes me super happy to have a friend who was brave enough to move across the world and take on the insanely difficult challenge of mastering Chinese. Jack is living proof that with hard work and full dedication, anything is possible!I can't wait to see how well Jack's Chinese keeps progressing over the years. I'm so lucky to have a friend from England who can explore our cultures together. I'm sure we'll remain buddies for life no matter where we篇4My New British Friend Learns ChineseHi everyone! I have to tell you about the very exciting thing that happened to me recently. A new student joined my class at school - and he's from England! His name is Oliver and he just moved to China with his family. Oliver doesn't know any Chinese yet, so he is going to learn it along with the rest of us in class.At first, I thought it would be really hard for Oliver since he doesn't understand any Chinese at all. How would he follow what the teacher was saying? How would he read and write and do his homework? I felt bad for him having to start learning everythingfrom the very beginning. Chinese is super difficult, even for those of us who grew up speaking it at home. I can't imagine how confusing it must be for Oliver!On Oliver's first day, the teacher introduced him to the class. Oliver seemed really shy and nervous. He has reddish-blonde hair and lots of freckles on his face. When the teacher asked him to say a few words to us, Oliver said in English "Hello, my name is Oliver. I'm from London. I don't know any Chinese yet, but I'm going to try my best to learn." His English sounded so funny and different from the way we speak Chinese!During class that day, it was pretty hard for Oliver to follow along. Whenever the teacher said something, I could see Oliver looking confused and lost. I felt bad for him, so I started sitting next to Oliver to help explain things. Whenever the teacher wrote a new character on the board, I would lean over and whisper to Oliver what the meaning and pronunciation was in English. I could see the appreciation in his eyes that I was helping him out.At lunch, some boys from our class started teasing Oliver, making fun of his strange accent and calling him a foreigner. That wasn't very nice at all! I went over and asked Oliver if he wanted to eat lunch together with me and my friends. Oliver seemed really relieved and gave me a big smile. We showedOliver how to properly use chopsticks and explained to him what all the different dishes were. Oliver was very brave and tried everything, even though it was all new cuisine for him.Over the next few weeks, Oliver worked incredibly hard to learn Chinese. Every day after school, he would spend hours practicing tones, writing out characters, and memorizing vocabulary. Sometimes when I was playing outside, I would see Oliver's mom patiently going over lessons with him through the open window of their apartment. Oliver never got discouraged, even though Chinese is one of the hardest languages in the world to master.Slowly but surely, Oliver started picking things up. His tones got better and he could recognize more and more characters. Our teacher was really impressed with his dedication and efforts. Oliver would always raise his hand eagerly to answer questions or read passages out loud, stumbling over the pronunciations but never giving up. The kids who used to tease Oliver started admiring him for working so hard.One day, Oliver approached me at lunch bursting with excitement. "Hey, I can speak a whole sentence in Chinese now!" he exclaimed. "Wǒ shì Oliver, wǒ lái zì Yīngguó" - which means "I am Oliver, I come from England." His tones were a little off, but Icould understand what he was saying and I was so proud of him! We gave Oliver a big cheer and clapped for his first full sentence in Mandarin Chinese.A few months later, Oliver's parents invited my family over to their house for a traditional English dinner. It was fun trying household cuisine like shepherd's pie, Yorkshire pudding, and mushy peas. Oliver's mom raved about how welcoming all the families at our school had been, and how Oliver's Chinese was improving so quickly thanks to us.After dinner, Oliver surprised us all by giving a little speech - entirely in Chinese! He thanked my parents for helping him practice his tones and normalize different accents. He praised our teacher for being so patient and encouraging. He even made a joke about his terrible handwriting with Chinese characters. Oliver has worked so unbelievably hard, and we were all beaming with pride watching him accomplish this milestone. Way to go, Oliver!Now Oliver is becoming a superstar in our Chinese class. He a wonderful pronunciation, reads out loud flawlessly, and aces all the tests and writing assignments. I've even started asking him for help occasionally when there's a phrase or grammar rule I'm struggling with. Having Oliver in our class has allowed us toappreciate how incredible and nuanced the Chinese language really is. We're all super lucky we grew up speaking it natively.I'm so grateful Oliver came to our school and we became friends. He's living proof that with enough hard work, dedication and perseverance, anything is possible - even mastering one of the world's most difficult languages as a young kid. Oliver went from knowing absolutely zero Chinese to being perfectly fluent. If that's not inspirational, I don't know what is! Thanks for being such an amazing friend, Oliver. We're all so impressed by you.篇5My British Friend Learns ChineseHi there! My name is Li Ming and I'm 10 years old. I study at Huaxi Elementary School in Beijing, China. Today I want to tell you all about my very good friend Jack from England who came to live with my family for a few months to learn Chinese. It was so much fun having him stay with us!Jack is 11 years old and he's from a city called Manchester in the United Kingdom. He has reddish-brown hair and lots of freckles on his face. His eyes are a pretty greenish-blue color. Jack is a little bit taller than me. He's really good at football(which they call soccer in England) and plays striker on his school team back home.Jack's dad is a businessman who got transferred to work at his company's Beijing office for six months. So Jack and his mom came along too. They didn't know any Chinese at all before coming here. Jack's parents wanted him to take advantage of being in China by learning to speak, read and write Chinese. That's why he started going to a Chinese language school for foreigners while his mom stayed home and took online Chinese classes.At first, Jack was really nervous about having to learn such a difficult new language from scratch. He told me the Chinese writing system with all the different characters looked super complicated and hard. Jack was also worried he might not make any friends here since he couldn't speak the language. But I promised to be his translator and buddy to help him out!Jack started going to his Chinese classes four days a week in the afternoons after regular school let out. The classes were taught completely in Chinese from day one with no English allowed at all. That was really tough for Jack at the beginning. He had to learn words and phrases for basic things like colors,numbers, telling time, introducing yourself, and so on. Let me try writing one of the first sentences Jack learned:老师好,我叫杰克。
雅思听⼒常考国家和国籍对应（注意国籍是形容词形式）⽅便⼤家记忆，把国籍总结给⼤家。
特别是陌⽣的单词，也给出了⾳标。
-an: American 美国⼈, Canadian 加拿⼤⼈, Australian 澳⼤利亚⼈, Russian 俄国⼈, German 德国⼈, Indian 印度⼈, Korean 韩国⼈, Belgian ['beldʒən]⽐利时⼈, Egyptian [i'dʒipʃ(ə)n]埃及⼈, Italian 意⼤利⼈, Indonesian [.indəu'ni:ʃən, -ʒən]印度尼西亚⼈, Mexican ['meksikən]墨西哥⼈-ese: Chinese 中国⼈, Vietnamese ['vjetnə'mi:z]越南⼈, Burmese [bə:'mi:z]缅甸⼈, Portuguese[.pɔ:tju'gi:z]葡萄⽛⼈, Japanese ⽇本⼈-ish: British 英国⼈, Spainish 西班⽛⼈, Irish 爱尔兰⼈, Turkish ⼟⽿其⼈, Polish 波兰⼈,Swedish 瑞典⼈, Danish ['deiniʃ] 丹麦⼈, Finnish ['finiʃ]芬兰⼈-i: Iraqi [i'rɑ:ki]伊拉克⼈, Kuwaiti [ku'weiti, kə'waiti] 科威特⼈, Pakistani [.pɑ:kis'tɑ:ni]巴基斯坦⼈-ic: Icelandic 冰岛⼈, Arabic ['ærəbik]阿拉伯⼈Others: New Zealander 新西兰⼈, Philippine ['filipi:n] 菲律宾⼈, French 法国⼈, Swiss 瑞⼠⼈, Greek 希腊⼈, Dutch ['dʌtʃ]荷兰⼈。
【最新文档】雅思听力词汇：各国国籍-word范文模板
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雅思听力词汇：各国国籍
- an : American 美国人, Canadian 加拿大人, Australian 澳大利亚人, Russian 俄国人, German 德国人, Indian 印度人, Korean 韩国人, Belgian 比利时人, Egyptian 埃及人, Italian 意大利人, Indonesian 印度尼西亚人, Mexican 墨西哥人...
- ese : Chinese 中国人, Vietnamese 越南人, Burmese 缅甸人, Portuguese 葡萄牙人, Japanese 日本人....
- ish : British 英国人, Spanish 西班牙人, Irish 爱尔兰人, Turkish 土耳其人, Polish 波兰人, Swedish 瑞典人, Dannish 丹尼人, Finnish 芬兰人
- i : Iraqi 伊拉克人, Kuwaiti 科威特人, Pakistani 巴基斯坦人
- ic : Icelandic 冰岛人, Arabic 阿拉伯人
Others : New Zealander 新西兰人, Philippine 菲律宾人, French 法国人, Swiss 瑞士人, Greek 希腊人, Dutch 荷兰人。
1、肯尼亚国家简介The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. Lying along the Indian Ocean to its southeast and ad the equator.Kenya is bordered by Somalia to the northeast, Ethiopia to the north, Sudan to the northwest, Uganda to the west and Tanzania to the south. Lake Victoria is to the southwest and is shared between Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. The capital city is Nairobi. Kenya's area is 580,000 km2with a population of nearly 40 million, which is diverse: more than 40 different ethnic groups are present. The country is named after Mount Kenya, a significant landmark and second among Africa's highest mountain peaks which reaches 5199m.Kenya comprises eight provinces each headed by a Provincial Commissioner (centrally appointed by the president).The provinces are subdivided into districts. The City of Nairobi enjoys the status of a full administrative province. The government supervises administration of districts and provinces. The provinces are:1、Central 2、Coast 3、Eastern 4、Nairobi5、North Eastern6 、Nyanza 7、Rift Valley 8、WesternOfficial name :Republic of KenyaForm of government :Unitary multiparty republic with one legislative house(National Assembly)Capital :NairobiOfficial language: Swahili and English.Monetary unit:Kenyan shillingPopulation:(2009 est.) 39,802,000Total area(sq km):582,646Ethnic groups:42From the coast on the Indian Ocean the Low plains rise to central highlands. The highlands are bisected by the Great Rift Valley; a fertile plateau in the east. The Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa.Kenya has a tropical climate. It is hot and humid at the coast, temperate inland and very dry in the north and northeast parts of the country. There is a lot of rain between March and May and moderate rain in October and November . The temperature remains high throughout these months.The country receives a great deal of sunshine all the year round and summer clothes are worn throughout the year. It is usually cool at night and early in the morning.Kenya has considerable land area of wildlife habitat. The "Big Five" animals of Africa can be found in Kenya: the lion, leopard, buffalo, rhinoceros and elephant.A significant population of other wild animals, reptiles and birds can be found in the national parks and game reserves in the country.2、简要历史Kenya is a unitary multiparty republic with one legislative house; its head of state and government is the president, assisted by the prime minister. The coastal region was dominated by Arabs until it was seized by the Portuguese in the 16th century. The Maasai people held sway in the north and moved into central Kenya in the 18th century, while the Kikuyu expanded from their home region in south-central Kenya. The interior was explored by European missionaries in the 19th century. After the British took control, Kenya was established as a British protectorate (1895) and a crown colony (1920). The Mau Mau rebellion of the 1950s was directed against European colonialism. In 1963 the country became fully independent, and a year later a republican government under Jomo Kenyatta was elected.3、国家经济Kenya's economy is market-based, with a few state-owned infrastructure enterprises, and maintains a liberalized external trade system. The country is generally perceived as Eastern and Central Africa's hub for Financial, Communication and Transportation services. As at May 2010, economic prospects are positive with 4-5% GDP growth expected, largely because of expansions in tourism, telecommunications, transport, construction and a recovery in agriculture. Kenya’s economy which did not grow at a constant rate during the last two decades of the 20th century, continued to be dominated by the external market; tourism and agricultural exports were still the major source of foreign exchange for the country in the early 21st century.4、旅游Lying along theIndian Ocean to its southea--st and ad the equator.Kenya is borderedby Somalia to thenortheast, Ethiopia to the north, Sudan to the northwest, Uganda to the west and Tanzania to the south. Lake Victoria is to the southwest and is shared between Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania.The main tourist attractions are photo safaris through the 19 national parks and game preserves.Established in 1949, protects the region surrounding Mount Kenya. In April 1978 the area was designated a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. The national park and the forest reserve, combined, became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.Lamu, Kenya's oldest living town, was one of the original Swahili settlements along coastal East Africa.There are some other accounts that mention Chinese ships of Zheng He's fleet sinking near Lamu Island in Kenya in 1415. Survivors settled on the island and married local women.。
剑桥二级上Unit 1练习2011-07-10 23:09:53| 分类：默认分类| 标签：|字号大中小订阅Unit 1 I’ve got many new friends .单词1.中国2.Chinese3.美国4.American5.大概；也许；6.puppy7.瘦弱的；虚弱的8.schoolbag9. 英国10. English词组1.中文名字2.English name3.和……一起玩4.play with sth.5.交朋友6.Chinese food中国菜句型1.Hello ,my ________ ________ (中文名字) is Zhou Changcheng .2.My _________ ________ (英文名字) is Ann .3.I’m a __________________ (七岁的) girl .4.I’m _______ _______ ______ .(七岁)5.They are so lovely .他们真可爱。
6.She’s _________ _________ .(一个美国人)7.__________ (也许) I can meet her tomorrow .8.help sb. with …Can I help you with the bag ? 我能帮你提包吗？9. -Who is she ?-She is May .10. -Are you Bob ?-Yes , I am .11. - Can I help you with the bag ?- Yes, please .Thanks very much .12. like to do sth. 喜欢做……翻译：我喜欢去长城。
我喜欢看电视。
我喜欢画画。
我喜欢学英语。
我喜欢参观中国花园。
play +球类运动我喜欢踢足球。
play +the +乐器类我喜欢弹钢琴。
play + 游戏名称我喜欢玩电脑游戏。
译/中南民族大学2014级MTI曾诗琴汉语传统汉语，汉藏语系中的一种语言，是联合国的官方语言，也是世界上使用者最多的一种语言。
它是中华人民共和国和中国台湾的官方语言，香港和新加坡的官方语言之一。
泰国、马来西亚和越南的大多数人都讲汉语。
远古时期的汉语可以追溯到公元前一世纪，凭借汉字的形式记录下来，可供中国的读书人学习。
也就是表意文字。
不像表音文字，表意文字不受语音演变的影响，因此在很大程度上不受变化的影响。
然而，不可避免地，口语体沿着自己的轨迹发展，书面语和口语之间的鸿沟越来越宽。
在白话文出现以前，口语体已经和古汉语有了明显区别。
直到二十世纪上半叶白话文才取代古汉语成为正式书面语的媒介。
古汉语有以下特点：(a)它的高信息承载度，经常被与电报的风格相提并论(b)它的语法易变性，同一个汉字可以当名词、动词、形容词或副词使用(c)它对时态和数的节制使用(d)它的音调特点，在文学创作中尤其重要，在文学翻译也如是这些特点传统意义上引起了口头翻译上的差异，这种差异在笔头翻译上表现得尤为明显。
白话文，现在叫做国语或普通话，是多音节的，词性繁多，多借助于语法规则，尽管如此也并没有像法语或德语那样广泛而强制使用。
欧洲语言的翻译，主要是英语，已经逐步地使汉语与那些语言靠的更近，至少在写作风格方面。
自从第一次部落战争或生产交换以来，作为一个有着大量方言的大国，中国极有可能见证了笔译和口译活动的发展。
早期的历史文献诸如公元前一世纪的《史记》提及了很多外交和商务背景下的笔译。
早在周朝，公元前九世纪，就有专门政府官员负责口笔译工作；他们的头衔根据他们所负责的语言组别而不同。
作为整个礼仪的一部分，在和外国使者的往来中他们总会在场。
这个时期政府口译员的头衔叫“舍人”，字面意思是“靠舌头吃饭的人”。
现代汉语对应“translation”有一个“译”字，构成了自汉代（公元前195年——公元七年）以来官员头衔的基础：译员或译使，字面意思是“翻译官”。
CATTI笔译必备热词-1奔奔族rushing clan漫游roam气候变化climate change万人迷mack daddy循环经济Cyclic Economy视频直播live streaming博客blog小留学生parachute kids非法食品添加剂illegal food additive骑墙族fence sitters“二” thick过劳死death from overwork反恐部队counter-terrorism unit游戏化gamification肥胖谈话fat talk蚁族ant tribe家中度假staycation毒黄瓜contaminated cucumbers网络水军online “water army”边境争端border disputeCATTI笔译必备热词-2代驾司机designated driver抹布女duster women醉驾drunk driving利好因素feel-good factor好人综合症nice guy syndrome社交商social quotient“五道杠” five-stroke armband成人礼coming-of-age ceremony夏至summer solstice债务危机debt crisis向境外转移资产transfer assets overseas 痴迷症appiphilia网络名人cewebrity心思播送mindcasting兄弟罗曼史bromanceCATTI笔译必备热词-3奉子成婚shotgun wedding/marriage灰色技能gray skills维基傻瓜Wikidiot网络外向派webtrovert“悔丁族” DINK exit clan黄色警戒线security cordon 擅离职守AWOL (absent without leave)“茶杯型”人士Teacups绝世衰男omega male向日葵族sunflower clan伪造照片doctored picture网店征税taxes for online stores地方政府性债务local government’s debts赖班族office dwellers倾盆大雨torrential downpourCATTI笔译必备热词-4寡妇日International Widows’ Day裸婚“naked” wedding暑期高校游summer pilgrimage七夕节Magpie Festival宣誓就职swearing-in债务上限debt ceiling彩票头奖jackpot改建航母refit aircraft carrier上座率seat occupancy rate学术造假academic cheating赔偿compensation追尾rear-end亲友假期Paliday世界步行日World Walking Day黄牛党ticket scalper直升机父母Helicopter parent天宫一号Tiangong-1三手烟third-hand smoke草莓族Strawberry generationCATTI笔译必备热词-54D男人4D Man (4D Man is a male between 15 and 40 who is confident, individual and has varied interests and passions.)养家太太alpha earner都市新男性ladult香精包子steamed stuffed buns with meat-flavor essence女友专用调girlfriend voice地沟油illegal cooking oil外貌主义lookism三氯生triclosan扶起跌倒老人Lift up a senior who falls over加名税name-adding taxes家庭暴力domestic violence名人堂Hall of Fame森女Mori girl细碟EP (Extended Play)CATTI笔译必备热词-6月饼税Mooncake tax华表奖Huabiao Film Awards面条外交noodle diplomacy婚前协议prenup纪念演唱会tribute concert短暂停留brief stopover裙带关系nepotism公开选拔public election乐单族quirkyalone司法解释judicial explanation脑轻松brain candy格差婚status-gap marriage传销pyramid schemeCATTI笔译必备热词-7酒后冲突drunken brawl大运会Universiade青年危机quarterlife crisis闪婚flash marriage众包crowdsourcing山西老陈醋Shanxi aged vinegar伏旱summer drought松花蛋century eggs塑身内衣shapewear骨灰粉丝the hardcore fan/ super fan/crazy fan/ rabid fan/ frenzied fan/addicted fan穿越剧time-travel TV series忘年恋May-December romance弄错了会很丢脸的英文来源：林金鸯的日志1.日常用语类lover 情人（不是“爱人”）busboy 餐馆勤杂工（不是“公汽售票员”）busybody 爱管闲事的人（不是“大忙人”）dry goods （美）纺织品；（英）谷物（不是“干货”）heartman 做心脏移植手术的人（不是“有心人”）mad doctor 精神病科医生（不是“发疯的医生”）eleventh hour 最后时刻（不是“十一点”）blind date （由第三者安排的）男女初次会面（并非“盲目约会”或“瞎约会”）dead president 美钞（上印有总统头像）（并非“死了的总统”）personal remark 人身攻击（不是“个人评论”）sweet water 淡水（不是“糖水”）confidence man 骗子（不是“信得过的人”）criminal lawyer 刑事律师（不是“犯罪的律师”）service station 加油站rest room 厕所（不是“休息室”）dressing room 化妆室（不是“试衣室”或“更衣室”）sporting house 妓院（不是“体育室”）horse sense 常识（不是“马的感觉”）capital idea 好主意（不是“资本主义思想”）familiar talk 庸俗的交谈（不是“熟悉的谈话”）black tea 红茶（不是“黑茶”）black art 妖术（不是“黑色艺术”）black stranger 完全陌生的人（不是“陌生的黑人”）white coal （作动力来源用的）水white man 忠实可靠的人（不是“皮肤白的人”）yellow book 黄皮书（法国政府报告书，以黄纸为封）（不是“黄色书籍”）red tape 官僚习气（不是“红色带子”）green hand 新手（不是“绿手”）blue stocking 女学者、女才子（不是“蓝色长统袜”）China policy 对华政策（不是“中国政策”）Chinese dragon 麒麟（不是“中国龙”）American beauty 红蔷薇（不是“美国美女”）English disease 气管炎（不是“英国病”）Indian summer 愉快宁静的晚年（不是“印度的夏日”）Greek gift 害人的礼品（不是“希腊礼物”）Spanish athlete 吹牛的人（不是“西班牙运动员”）French chalk 滑石粉（不是“法国粉笔”）2.成语类pull one's leg 开玩笑（不是“拉后腿”）in one's birthday suit 赤身裸体（不是“穿着生日礼服”）eat one's words 收回前言（不是“吃话”）an apple of love 西红柿（不是“爱情之果”）handwriting on the wall 不祥之兆（不是“大字报”）bring down the house 博得全场喝彩（不是“推倒房子”）have a fit 勃然大怒（不是“试穿”）make one's hair stand on end 令人毛骨悚然—恐惧（不是“令人发指——气愤”）be taken in 受骗，上当（不是“被接纳”）think a great deal of oneself 高看或看重自己（不是“为自己想得很多”）pull up one's socks 鼓起勇气（不是“提上袜子”）have the heart to do （用于否定句）忍心做……不是“有心做”或“有意做”）3.表达方式类You know what?你知道吗？（不是你知道什么？）Contributed by "月"Look out! 当心！（不是“向外看”）What a shame! 多可惜！真遗憾！（不是“多可耻”）You don't say! 是吗！（不是“你别说”）You can say that again! 说得好！（不是“你可以再说一遍”）I haven't slept better. 我睡得好极了。
“中国汉字”不是"Chinese word" ！中国话不是Chinese！老外在提到「说中文」的时候，很少说speaking Chinese，他们说speaking Mandarin.Mandarin的意思是“国语；官话”，也就是我们的“普通话”。
与它拥有同样出镜率的是Cantonese [ˌkæntəˈni:z]，也就是“广东话”“粤语”。
在老外的概念里，Chinese 是包含中国的所有语言的，普通话、粤语、闽南语、客家话等都算在内。
Chinese [tʃaɪˈniːz]包含了普通话、广东话、上海话等等所有类型的“中文”，是涵盖最广的说法。
Mandarin [ mænd(ə)rɪn]标准普通话，即中国大陆所用官方语言和文字系统。
外国人在谈到或学习中文时，往往会强调自己所说的是Mandarin，而不会简单地说Chinese。
《生活大爆炸》里面也出现过谢耳朵认真学习中文的画面▼You know. I'm really glad you decided to learn mandarin.官方普通话是mandarin那方言又怎么说？在字典里面是：dialect [ daɪəlɛkt]乡土语言，方言但日常生活中却很少这么讲因为对于“哪种语言才是dialect”这个问题歪果仁也难以达成一致多数情况下都用以下说法来代替dialect▼local language: 当地语言local tongue: 当地话Tongue本来是舌头的意思在口语中也指“语言”类似的说法还有mother tongue母语；本国语言学了英语汉字还是我们最亲切最熟悉的字，那么汉字的英文表达是什么？可不是Chinese word中国汉字不是Chinese word！Chinese word ✘Chinese character [ˈkæriktə] ✔中国汉字是象形文字，方框字，上世纪50年代为了方便学习才发明了拼音，所以，汉字需要用单独的词来表达，就是Chinese character.但是世界上大多数语言都是字母拼成，都有字母表，比如英语有26个字母，所以，英文单词一定是用English word来表达。
