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我对知识经济的看法英语作文In my opinion, the knowledge economy is a crucial and rapidly evolving aspect of the global economy. It is characterized by the increasing reliance on knowledge, information, and technology to drive economic growth and development. This shift towards a knowledge-based economy has been driven by the digital revolution, globalization, and the increasing importance of intellectual property and innovation.The knowledge economy is marked by a shift from traditional industries such as manufacturing and agriculture towards industries that are centered around knowledge and technology, such as information technology, biotechnology, and financial services. This shift has led to a greater emphasis on education, research, and the development of new ideas and technologies.One of the key aspects of the knowledge economy is the importance of human capital. In a knowledge-based economy, the skills and knowledge of the workforce are critical to driving innovation and productivity. As a result, there isa greater emphasis on education and lifelong learning, as well as the need for continuous training and development.Furthermore, the knowledge economy is also characterized by the increasing importance of intellectual property and innovation. In this economy, the creation and protection of new ideas, technologies, and creative works are essentialfor maintaining competitiveness and driving economic growth. This has led to the rise of industries such as software development, pharmaceuticals, and entertainment, where intellectual property rights are crucial for success.Overall, the knowledge economy represents a significant shift in the way that value is created and generated in the global economy. It is driven by the increasing importanceof knowledge, information, and technology, and is characterized by a greater emphasis on human capital, innovation, and intellectual property.对我来说，知识经济是全球经济中至关重要且快速发展的一个方面。
Respecting the fruits of creativity is an essential aspect of fostering a culture of innovation and originality.It is the cornerstone of intellectual property rights,which protect the unique products of human intellect and imagination.Here are some key points to consider when discussing the importance of respecting creative achievements:1.Encouragement of Innovation:When creative work is respected and protected,it encourages individuals and organizations to invest time and resources into developing new ideas and products.This leads to a continuous cycle of innovation that benefits society as a whole.2.Economic Benefits:Creative industries are a significant contributor to the economy. Respecting creative achievements ensures that creators are rewarded for their efforts, which in turn supports economic growth and job creation.3.Cultural Diversity:Each creative work reflects the unique cultural identity of its creator.By respecting these works,we celebrate and preserve the diversity of human expression and thought.4.Moral Rights:Creators have moral rights to be recognized for their work and to have their work presented in a way that reflects their intentions.Respecting these rights is a matter of ethical conduct and personal integrity.5.Legal Protection:Laws such as copyright,trademark,and patent protect creative works from unauthorized use,reproduction,and distribution.These legal frameworks are necessary to ensure that creators can control how their work is used and benefit from it.cation and Awareness:It is important to educate the public about the importance of respecting creative achievements.This includes understanding the difference between fair use and infringement,and the consequences of piracy and counterfeiting.7.Technological Advancements:With the advent of digital technology,the ease of copying and distributing creative works has increased.This makes it even more critical to have robust systems in place to protect the rights of creators.8.Global Cooperation:Respecting creative achievements is a global issue that requires international cooperation.Countries must work together to enforce intellectual property rights and combat crossborder infringement.9.Ethical Consumption:Consumers have a role to play in respecting creative achievements by choosing to purchase and use products and content from legitimatesources.This supports creators and discourages the proliferation of counterfeit goods.10.LongTerm Sustainability:Respecting creative achievements is crucial for the longterm sustainability of the creative sector.It ensures that creators can continue to produce new works and contribute to the cultural and economic vitality of society.In conclusion,respecting the fruits of creativity is not just about protecting the rights of individual creators it is about nurturing a society that values originality,innovation,and the diverse contributions of its members.It is a collective responsibility that benefits everyone by promoting a vibrant and dynamic cultural landscape.。
Respecting creative achievements is a fundamental aspect of appreciating the efforts and talents of individuals.It is important to recognize that every creative work,be it a piece of art,a literary piece,a musical composition,or an invention,is the result of countless hours of dedication,passion,and hard work.Here are some key points to consider when discussing the importance of respecting creative achievements:1.Originality and Effort:Every creative endeavor is unique and requires a significant amount of effort.The creator invests time,energy,and often personal resources into their work.Recognizing this effort is a way of valuing the individuals contribution to society.2.Intellectual Property Rights:Respecting creative achievements also means acknowledging the rights of creators over their work.This includes copyright,patents, and trademarks,which protect the creators ownership and control over how their work is used and distributed.3.Cultural Diversity:Creative works often reflect the cultural background and experiences of the creator.By respecting these achievements,we are also valuing the diversity of thought,expression,and culture that enriches our global community.4.Encouragement of Innovation:When creative achievements are respected,it encourages more people to pursue their passions and innovate.This fosters a society that values creativity and innovation,leading to advancements in various fields.5.Economic Impact:Creative industries contribute significantly to the economy. Respecting creative achievements can lead to the growth of these industries,creating jobs and generating revenue.6.Moral and Ethical Considerations:Respecting creative work is a moral and ethical responsibility.It upholds the principles of fairness and justice,ensuring that creators are credited and compensated for their work.7.Personal Growth and Development:Engaging with and respecting creative achievements can lead to personal growth.It broadens ones perspective,encourages critical thinking,and can inspire individuals to develop their own creative skills.8.Social Cohesion:Creative works can bring people together,fostering a sense of community and shared experience.Respecting these achievements helps to build social cohesion and understanding among diverse groups.9.Preservation of Heritage:Many creative works are part of a cultural heritage.Respecting these achievements ensures that future generations can appreciate and learn from the past.10.Global Recognition:Respecting creative achievements on a global scale can lead to international recognition and collaboration,promoting cultural exchange and understanding.In conclusion,respecting creative achievements is not just about acknowledging the hard work and talent of individuals it is about supporting a culture that values creativity, innovation,and diversity.It is a collective responsibility to ensure that the fruits of creative labor are protected,appreciated,and celebrated.。
关于创新的英语作文模版Innovation is the lifeblood of progress, driving society forward and shaping the future. It is not just about creating new products or services; it is about challenging the status quo and finding better ways to do things. This essay will explore the importance of innovation, its impact on various sectors, and the qualities that foster a culture of innovation.IntroductionInnovation is a multifaceted concept that encompasses creativity, originality, and the ability to implement new ideas. It is the force that propels industries to evolve, economies to grow, and societies to improve. The history of human civilization is a testament to the transformative power of innovation.The Role of Innovation in Society1. Economic Growth: Innovation is a key driver of economic growth. It leads to the creation of new industries and job opportunities, which in turn boosts the economy.2. Technological Advancements: Technological innovation has revolutionized the way we live, work, and communicate. Fromthe invention of the wheel to the development of the internet, technology has always been at the forefront of societalchange.3. Solving Problems: Innovation helps address complex problems, from climate change to healthcare. It encourages the development of sustainable solutions and improves the quality of life.The Impact of Innovation on Various Sectors1. Healthcare: Innovations in healthcare have led to breakthroughs in medical treatments, diagnostic tools, and preventive care, saving countless lives.2. Education: The integration of technology in education has transformed learning experiences, making education more accessible and personalized.3. Environment: Eco-innovations have paved the way for sustainable practices, reducing our environmental footprint and promoting a greener future.Fostering a Culture of Innovation1. Encouraging Creativity: Cultivating an environment where creativity is valued and ideas are freely shared is essential for innovation.2. Risk-Taking: Innovation often involves taking risks. Encouraging a culture that is not afraid to fail and learn from mistakes is crucial.3. Collaboration: Collaboration across disciplines and industries can lead to the most innovative solutions.ConclusionInnovation is not just a buzzword; it is a powerful tool for change. It requires a mindset that is open to new ideas, willing to take risks, and committed to continuous improvement. By fostering a culture of innovation, we can unlock the potential to create a better future for all.Word Count: 350 wordsThis essay template provides a structured approach to writing about innovation, touching on its definition, impact, and the elements necessary to cultivate it. It can be expanded with specific examples and further analysis to suit the requirements of a particular assignment or examination.。
2014.05 Shanghai EconomyFinance │ 金融112014.05 Shanghai Economy Creative Economy │创意经济 曼谷，与世界五大时尚之都伦敦、米兰、巴黎、纽约、东京相比，可以说正在打造进行时，实际上泰国政府从本世纪初就明确、系统的规划曼谷时尚之都的打造。
曼谷城市景观呈现代靓丽的同时，又时常可见杂乱破旧；然而，曼谷由于其泰式时尚的多元文化与宽容共生，特别有文化创意，具有独特的难以替代的时尚魅力，在人类城市文明史有着重要的价值，成为世界各地人们热衷的旅游和居住集聚地。
泰式时尚：多元文化与宽容共生泰国在地理位置上位居印度支那半岛之中枢,在文化上处在中印两大东方文化区域的交汇点。
印度、中国等东方文化特别是佛教,使其文化得到东方文化的渗透。
现代泰国的缔造者拉玛五世，名朱拉隆功，后世尊称朱拉隆功大帝（1868年10月1日至1910年10月23日在位），在1897年和1907年，他分别进行了两次欧洲旅行，访问了意大利、奥匈、俄国、瑞典、丹麦、德国、荷兰、英国、法国等国，这是亚洲君主前所未有的走出国门，学习引进、进西方文化。
同时，自19世纪以来,西方列强把整个东南亚征服为其殖民地,泰国虽然是唯一保持独立的国家,但处在西方列强夹缝中的泰国,其文化的西化趋势也在所难免。
在东方文化与西方文化长期渗透、融合过程中, 泰国逐渐演化形成了一种独特的多元文化。
泰国国名可直译为 “自由之地”，又称 “微笑的国度”；两者在相当程度上诠释泰国和泰国人民的本质；崇尚自由和温和的泰国民众，有一种内敛与开放、含蓄与热情、传统与现代的精神传承，形成了这个国家对人对事宽容共生的土壤。
曼谷时尚之都打造正是秉承了多元文化与宽容共生的民族气质，成为泰式时尚的发扬光大集大成者，其文化创意可以追溯到曼谷大王宫节基殿的建造。
1、泰式时尚多元文化 “石头的史诗”曼谷最重要的地标无疑是大王宫。
1782年，拉玛一世开创曼谷王朝，始建造大王宫，其占地总面积21万8千多平方米，而其中规模最大的皇殿即1876年(拉玛五世时期)建造的节基殿。
如何成为经济巨人英文作文英文：To become an economic giant, there are several key factors that need to be considered. Firstly, it isimportant to have a strong and stable economy. This can be achieved through policies that encourage investment, increase productivity, and promote innovation. Additionally, it is important to have a skilled workforce that can adaptto changing economic conditions and contribute to thegrowth of the economy.Secondly, a country must have a favorable business environment. This includes a regulatory framework that is transparent and predictable, as well as a legal system that protects property rights and enforces contracts. Afavorable business environment also means having access to capital, technology, and markets.Thirdly, a country must be open to trade and investment.This means removing barriers to trade and investment, and participating in international trade agreements. By doing so, a country can attract foreign investment and access new markets, which can help to drive economic growth.Finally, a country must have a long-term vision for economic development. This means investing in infrastructure, education, and research and development, and promoting sustainable growth. It also means being willing to make difficult decisions and taking a proactive approach to addressing economic challenges.In summary, to become an economic giant, a country must have a strong and stable economy, a favorable business environment, be open to trade and investment, and have a long-term vision for economic development.中文：要成为经济巨人，有几个关键因素需要考虑。
Creativity is an essential aspect of human life that drives innovation,problemsolving, and artistic expression.It is the ability to think beyond the conventional and generate new ideas,concepts,or solutions that are both original and valuable.Here are some key points that highlight the importance of creativity in various aspects of life:1.Innovation:Creativity is the cornerstone of innovation.It allows individuals and organizations to come up with new products,services,and technologies that can revolutionize industries and improve the quality of life.2.Problem Solving:Creative thinking enables people to approach problems from different angles,find unique solutions,and overcome challenges that might seem insurmountable through conventional thinking.3.Economic Growth:The creative industry contributes significantly to the economy. From arts and design to technology and entertainment,creative endeavors generate revenue,create jobs,and stimulate economic development.4.Cultural Expression:Creativity is a means of cultural expression.It allows individuals to communicate their experiences,emotions,and ideas through various forms of art, literature,and music,enriching the cultural landscape.5.Personal Development:Engaging in creative activities can lead to personal growth and selfdiscovery.It helps individuals to develop new skills,explore their interests,and express their unique identities.cation:In the field of education,creativity is crucial for fostering a love for learning and encouraging students to think critically and independently.It prepares them to adapt to a rapidly changing world and to become lifelong learners.7.Adaptability:Creativity helps individuals and societies to adapt to change.It enables people to think flexibly and to come up with innovative solutions to new and evolving challenges.8.Wellbeing:Creative pursuits can contribute to mental wellbeing by providing an outlet for selfexpression and a means to relax and enjoy life.It can also foster a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction.munication:Creativity enhances communication by allowing people to convey complex ideas in simple,engaging ways.It can make messages more memorable and impactful.10.Leadership:Creative leaders are often more effective because they can envision new possibilities,inspire others,and drive change within their organizations.In conclusion,creativity is not just a desirable trait but a necessary skill in todays world. It is a driving force for progress and a key to unlocking potential in every field of human endeavor.Cultivating creativity should be a priority for individuals,educational institutions,and businesses alike.。
知识经济知识经济，就是“以知识为基础的经济”知识经济与科技有密切的联系，科技创新为知识技能提供了良好的平台。
它是社会和经济发展的重要动力。
随着科学技术的进一步发展，当人类又把80%的劳动力转向以知识为中心的服务产业，也就是只需要20%的劳动力就足可以生产出人类所需要的工业和农业等物质产品的时候，标志着人类便进入了知识经济时代。
知识经济与科技创造有密切联系，科技创造力为知识技能提供了很大的平台。
知识和科技创造力成为了社会和经济发展的重要动力。
知识经济的兴起，使知识上升到社会经济发展的基础地位。
知识成了最重要的资源，"智能资本"成了最重要的资本，在知识基础上形成的科技实力成了最重要的竞争力。
国家的富强、民族的兴旺、企业的发达和个人的发展，无不依赖于对知识的掌握和创造性的开拓与应用，而知识的生产、学习、创新，则成为人类最重要的活动，知识已成了时代发展的主流，尤其是以高科技信息为主体的知识经济体系，迅速扩展令世人瞩目。
知识和技术创新是人类经济、社会发展的重要动力源泉。
知识经济正在给中国的经济发展与社会发展注入更大的活力和带来更好的际遇。
大力发展知识经济有利于优化经济结构、合理利用资源、保护生态环境、促进协调发展、提高人口素质、彻底消除贫困等，有利于在新的世纪里建设国家创新体系，通过营造良好的环境，推进知识创新、技术创新和体制创新，提高全社会创新意识和国家创新能力，从而实现中国跨世纪发展之路。
知识经济的兴起，使知识上升到社会经济发展的基础地位。
知识成了最重要的资源，"智能资本"成了最重要的资本，在知识基础上形成的科技实力成了最重要的竞争力。
国家的富强、民族的兴旺、企业的发达和个人的发展，无不依赖于对知识的掌握和创造性的开拓与应用，而知识的生产、学习、创新，则成为人类最重要的活动，知识已成了时代发展的主流，尤其是以高科技信息为主体的知识经济体系，迅速扩展令世人瞩目。
知识经济的兴起将对投资模式、产业结构、增长方式和教育的职能与形式产生深刻的影响。
关于经济规律的重要论述英语1. The law of supply and demand determines price levels in an economy.供求关系决定了经济中的价格水平。
2. Competition is a necessary and beneficial aspect of free markets.竞争是自由市场的必要且有益的方面。
3. The law of diminishing returns states that as more resources are allocated to a particular activity, the marginal output decreases.递减收益法则指出，当更多资源被分配给特定活动时，边际产出会减少。
4. The law of comparative advantage suggests that countries should specialize in producing goods and services that they have a lower opportunity cost in producing.比较优势法则认为，国家应专注于生产其生产机会成本较低的商品和服务。
5. Inflation is caused by an increase in the money supply relative to the amount of goods and services available in an economy.通货膨胀是由货币供应相对于经济中可用的商品和服务量增加而引起的。
6. The law of diminishing marginal utility states that each additional unit of a good or service provides less satisfaction or utility to a consumer.边际效用递减法则指出，每增加一单位的商品或服务对消费者提供的满足感或效用减少。
CREATIVE ECONOMY. DETERMINANTS AND STAKES OF CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT. REGIONAL INGRESSIONSSuciu Marta-ChristinaBucharest Academy of Economic Studies Faculty of Economics 6 Piaţa Romană, Sector 1 Bucharest +40 3191901Iordache Platiş MagdalenaUniversity of Bucharest Faculty of Business and Administration 4-12 Bulevardul Regina Elisabeta, Sector 1 Bucharest +40 3 10 49 20Ivanovici MinaBucharest Academy of Economic Studies Faculty of Economics 6 Piaţa Romană, Sector 1 Bucharest +40 745 471 452Within the framework of creative economy the creative and innovative management represents a strategic issue to consider when stimulating the enhancement of competitiveness among companies and countries. Creativity, innovation and new product development are the main aspects that should be referred to in order for a company to achieve a leading position, both on local and global markets. Besides the reinforcement of active policies within companies, there should be economy-wide approaches for stimulating nation-wide creativity and innovation through various policies (quality of the environment, talent retention etc.). The aim of this paper is to outline the main determinants and stakes of creativity and innovation management in the context of the knowledge-based society.Keywords: creative economy, innovation, creative and innovative management, creative placeJEL classification: O0, O1, O3, R1.1. Creativity and Innovation at the Centre of Competitiveness ConcernsThere are six main internal determinants for competitiveness based on creativity, innovation and new product development: organization strategy & availability of resources; new technologies; intensity of research and development activities; organisation culture & communication; organisation structure and motivation of employees & their involvement88. However, there are authors who argue that competitive advantage can be achieved by dint of technologies alone. According to such authors, new technologies are to turn into efforts into new products. In this respect, it is within the scope of research and development to create and improve the technological potential89. In our opinion, technologies alone cannot play this complex role without a backup coming from the aforementioned factors.In addition, we would like to mention the impact of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches within the innovation process. It is comprised of the formal and informal framework that brings together organisations from different industries and technological institutions around common purposes and objectives. This framework enables the combination of competences and the integration of extremely necessary knowledge and abilities for creating technologies and complex products for the market. This type of cooperation should be: diverse(for actors and competences), coherent (integrating complementary activities) and interactive (tight cooperation relations). In this context, forming interdisciplinary heterogeneous teams would also play a key role for the cohesion of idea generation and subsequent efforts.This diversity mainly refers to the education attainment level of the members who are part of such heterogeneous teams. There is a direct relation between the education heterogeneity of the 88 Alves, Jorge, Marques, Maria José, Saur, Irina, Marques, Pedro, Creativity and Innovation through Multidisciplinary a nd Multisectoral Cooperation, in “Creativity and Innovation Management” 16 (1), 27–34, 2007.89 Reger, G., von Wichert-Nick, D., A Learning Organization for R&D Management, in “International Journal of Technology Management”, 13 (7/8): 796-817, 1997.208team, the innovation degree embedded in products, the degree of detection of environment opportunities and the openness of the strategic planning created by the entrepreneurial team. Creativity and innovation are present at all business levels – from the management of company to aspects pertaining to development, branding and product state. Companies face rapid changes due to growing market competition on the one hand and their efforts to keep the pace or improve their position on the other hand. Creativity outputs render the company more attractive both for clients and for partners. In other words, business future, profitability and sustainable competitive advantage largely depend on their degree of creativity. Therefore, innovation requires also flexibility, because innovation that cannot be commercialised is worthless90.A company is innovative active if it is involved in:- the introduction of a new product (good or service) or a significantly-improved one;- unfinished or abandoned innovative projects;- expenses for internal research and development activities, training, accumulation of external knowledge or machines and equipments to be used for innovation activities.Creativity, as a source of sustainable development and seen as the first step in achieving innovation has three interacted facets:- Technological side. In this case creativity results in innovation, new products and ideas and technologies.- Economic side. This type of creativity includes entrepreneurship, turning innovation, new products and ideas and technologies into new business or new industries.- Cultural and artistic side. This type of creativity refers to the ability to invent new ways of seeing things, new art forms, new designs, new photos, new concepts etc.912. Regional Requirements for Creativity and InnovationIn his study, Competing in the Age of Talent: Quality of Place and the New Economy, Richard Florida highlights the role played by the creative place92 in the development of the new economy. Within this category fall amenities and the quality of the environment as well.The authors points to the following issues:- Quality of place from natural, recreational and amenities standpoints, all of which influence our lives. Creative knowledge workers prefer to choose culturally rich environments with various amenities to live and work in. These are places where global networks turn into growing and competitive regional and urban economies.- Availability of career opportunities and jobs is a necessary but not sufficient condition to attract creative and innovative people in a region.- Quality of the environment and level of amenities, including the possibility of developing competitive technologies.- Strategies meant to propel the improvement of the quality of environment and natural amenities, and to attract and retain talent in those places.- Recreational activities and amenities that influence the life style of creative and innovative people.The same author suggests that a set a measures should be implemented for the human factor to be motivated to pursue its purposes. These policies would basically concern:- the transformation of the quality of the place into a real objective within regional economic development strategies;90 Sutton, Robert I, Weird Ideas That Work. 11 and a half Ways to Promote, Manage and Sustain Innovation, Allen Lane, The Penguin Press, London 2002.91 Florida, Richard, The Rise of the Creative Class: And How It’s Transforming Leisure, Community, and Everyday Life, New York: Basic Books, 2002.92 Place is different from location, as the former includes complex elements as well, such as social, environmental and cultural factors besides the factors offered by location: distance to the market or availability of adequate labour force.209- the integration of natural amenities within the general policy of regional economic development and talent retention;- investment in recreational amenities;- the development of a strategy targeting the amenities of the academic environment and their integration into regional economic development strategies;- encouraging regional sustainable growth and development through sustainable use, preservation and revitalisation of natural resources;- creation of certain mechanisms meant to stimulate knowledge and ideas on behalf of citizens for improving the quality of place.There are studies trying to explain the connection between tolerance(including individuals’ talent and high-tech jobs) and economic health and growth. Gary Sands and Laura Reese93 conducted a study on forty medium-sized urban places in Canada that revealed that there is a connection between diversity and the creative population and economic health. However, there has been found no correlation between high-tech jobs or economic growth and the other factors. The authors conclude that amenities and economic development strategies based on the creative class may be effective, but they are not sufficient. Besides, they also consider that it would be necessary to take the following measures: implementing a tourist marketing strategy; improving the general infrastructure; rendering the business environment more attractive in the traditional way; implementing various strategies for retaining resources and talents.3. Creative Milieux – Resultant of Place and People Vectors‘Creative milieux’ bring together shared spaces and traditions where people can learn, compare, compete and cooperate and where creative and innovative people can suggest, develop and disseminate or reject ideas. These are places where genuine and deep knowledge are borne by people with various competences and communication skills. In these places, people experiment and are willing to face highly uncertain and complex market situations, whose main landmarks are continuous changes in the culture, science and technology.For creativity and innovation to be fostered, informal and spontaneous communication is a must both at internal and external level.In addition, ‘creative milieux’are synergetic and multidisciplinary environments, connecting science, arts and business and benefitting by a stout financing structure, capable of financially supporting experiments, risk-taking and trial-and-error activities.There are examples galore of ‘creative milieux’. However, these good examples should be replicated everywhere in the global economy. Examples of such good practice ‘creative milieux’ are: New York Silicon Alley (USA), Silicon Valley – San Francisco Bay Area (USA), Boston’s Route 128 (USA), Creative Industries Precinct (Australia, Qeensland), Cyberjaya–Malaysia’s Multimedia Supercorridor(Malaysia), Intelligent Island(Singapore), Shenzhen(China), Barcelona(Spania), Goteburg(Denmark), Milano(Italy), Jamtland(Sweden), Tilburg(The Netherlands), Berlin (Germany), Helsinki (Finland), Dublin (Ireland). All these places generate competitive advantages such as: increased productivity by larger access to inputs (technology, knowledge, labour force); promoting innovation by rapidly reacting to opportunities; promoting training in other fields as well as life-long learning by facilitating access to competences, technology and capital.Apart from the incontestable role played by internal and organisation-related factors in generating creativity and innovation, geographers have highlighted the regional clustering phenomenon in the creation of new ideas that give rise to patents and advance technologies in a specific field94.93 Sands, Gary, Reese, Laura A., Cultivating the Creative Class: And What About Nanaimo?, in …Economic Development Quarterly”, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 8-23, 2008.94 Sherwat E. Ibrahim, M. Hosein Fallah, Richard R. Reilly , Do Localized Clusters Influence Creativity of Inventors?, in …Creativity and Innovation Management” 15 (4), 410–418, 2006.210The main external geographical determinants are the interactions having a direct effect on innovation (from the perspective of the human factor) and the specific events and the local environment circumstances grouped into the following categories95:- directly localised factors influencing creativity (local inhabitants, material aspects outside the organisation);- localised situations belonging to the local environment(such as brainstorming sessions, meetings, social reunions, conferences, seminars, fairs etc.);- localised stimuli grouping general influences pertaining to the regional environment (agglomeration).Besides the regional clustering phenomenon, we mention the concept of communities of practice within the selfsame regional context. These communities of practice refer to people belonging to and acting in a specific field, irrespective of their spatial localisation. Communities of practice represent groups of people who are informally connected through expertise and passion for joint projects. Such people have a common baggage of knowledge and practice, common values and attitudes and the sense of a common identity. Unlike clusters and agglomerations, communities of practice are not strictly dependent on space because connections can subsist either by traditional meetings or at distance by information and communication technologies. It is not the means of interaction (close-far; here-there) that characterises communities of practice, but rather the shared experience and knowledge.The necessity of communities of practice is explained by the usefulness of rapid resolution of problems that might arise in that field. Within these communities, expertise, good practice transfers, professional skills development and many other assets build their strength.The counterbalance of these efforts comprises a wide range of benefits such as social and organisation innovation (by creating, developing and applying knowledge), knowledge sharing as well as individual and group learning. Although few, disadvantages may occur as well: conflicts related to power and the tendency to exclude outsiders, given the very strong connections and deeply-rooted common identity.ConclusionsCreativity and innovation are at the crossroads of people, places and policies at local and regional level. Creativity and innovation management is extremely important in today’s changing social, economic, technological and cultural environment and may prove to be the right key to increased competitiveness and market responsiveness.The importance of such an issue is debated at European level. To this purpose, year 2009 was declared the European Year of Creativity and Innovation by the European Commission96. This is due to the fact that all decision-makers understood that the innovation, culture and creativity taking place in European towns and regions propel economic growth, giving rise to new investment and jobs.Measures taken at microeconomic level alone (organization strategy & availability of resources; new technologies; intensity of research and development activities; organisation culture & communication; organisation structure and motivation of employees & their involvement) are a necessary but not sufficient condition for creativity and innovation to lead to increased competitiveness. National and regional steps should be taken and95 Ibidem.96 http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2008:257:0046:01:RO:HTML.211Bibliography1. 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