南京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语(A卷)2016年考研真题

2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In Cambodia，the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends,１those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations，or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days， 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists ,and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a flew house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 ,but not common .Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly –acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up .The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait the months.1. [A] by way of [B] as well as [C] on behalf of [D] with regard to2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C]compete with [D] decide on3. [A] close [B] renew [C]arrange [D] postpone4. [A] In theory [B] Above all [C] In time [D] For example5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7. [A] sine [B] or [C] but [D] so8. [A] test [B]copy [C]recite [D] create9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying10. [A] lighting [B] passing [C] hiding [D] serving11. [A] meeting [B] association [C] collection [D]union12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D]live13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] for [D] if14. [A] obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [ D]avoid15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed16. [A]wherever [B] however [C] whenever [D]whatever17. [A] changed [B] brought [C] shaped [D] pushed18. [A] divided [B] invested [C] donated [D] withdrawn19. [A]clears [B] warms [C] shows [D] breaks20. [A]while [B] so what [C]once [D] in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that”incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape –measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and many men )that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look tointangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques .The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter’s main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and –shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined[B] New runways would be constructed[C] Websites about dieting would thrive[D] The fashion industry would decline22. The phrase “impinging on”(Line2 Para2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of[B] indicating the state of[C] losing faith in[D] doing harm to23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry[A] The French measures have already failed[B] New standards are being set in Denmark[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setting perfect physical conditions[B] caring too much about models’ character[C] showing little concern for health factors[D] pursuing a high age threshold for models25. Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?[A] A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals[B] A Dilemma for the starving models in France[C] Just Another Round of struggle for beauty[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family. Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country, this has limited political support. A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever”. It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air”. Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it .It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing “off–plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent only u sensing itschance, has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses factories and offices is where people are in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone with no intrusion on green belts. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces. The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let trip, After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside[A] is not well reflected in politics[B] is fully backed by the royal family[C] didn’t start fill the Shakespearean age[D] has brought much benefit to the NHS27. According to paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being[A] largely overshadowed[B] properly protected[C] effectively reinforced[D] gradually destroyed28. Which of the following can be offered from paragraph 3[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building[C] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation[D] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence29. The author holds that George Osbornes’s preference[A] shows his disregard for the character of rural area[B] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis[C] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation of[A] the size of population in Britain[B] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[C] the town-and-country planning in Britain[D] the political life in today’s BritainText 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of business” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’s money, things may not be absolutely clear-act. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under American’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act（FCPA）.It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations，they could beinfluenced only by the halo effect.The study found that，among prosecuted firms，those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm’s political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials.” says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with[A]uncertainty[B]skepticism[C]approval[D]tolerance32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by[A]guarding it against malpractices[B]protecting it from consumers[C]winning trust from consumers.[D]raising the quality of its products33. The expression “more lenient”(line 2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to[A]less controversial[B]more lasting[C]more effective[D]less severe34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record[A]comes across as reliable evidence[B]has an impact on their decision[C]increases the chance of being penalized[D]constitutes part of the investigation35. Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?[A] The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown[B] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated[C] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked[D]It has brought much benefit to the banking industryText 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. ”Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper – printing presses, delivery trucks – isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online – only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge atthe Times? ”I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.”In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year – more than twice as much as a digital – only subscription.“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive that less aggressive.”36. The New York Times is considering ending it’s print edition partly due to[A] the increasing online and sales[B] the pressure from its investors[C] the complaints from its readers[D] the high cost of operation37. Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation, The Times should[A] make strategic adjustments[B] end the print sedition for good[C] seek new sources of leadership[D] aim for efficient management38. It can be inferred from paragraphs 5and 6 that a ” legacy product”[A] helps restore the glory of former times[B] is meant for the most loyal customers[C] will have the cost of printing reduced[D] expands the popularity of the paper39. Peretti believes that in a changing world[A] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges[D] legacy businesses are becoming out dated40. which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] shift to online newspapers all at once[B] Cherish the Newspapers still in Your Hand[C] keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion[D] Make Your print Newspapers a luxury GoodPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSER SHEET. (10 point)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Decide if the time is right[C] Have confidence in yourself[D]Understand the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Make it efficient[G]Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in the first impressions. According to research from Princeton University , people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success” era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in other not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one than enhances our goals? Here are some tips:41_________________________As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particular helpful during transitions-when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK42________________________Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations like that )43 ________________________Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44 _______________________Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J. Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.45 ________________________The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Mental health is our birthright. (46) we don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend, a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn’t go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem –confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves. And toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child.It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives. (49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice, we think of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words. Providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures In your essay, you should1) describe the pictures briefly2) interpret the meaning , and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)1、【答案】[B] as well as【解析】根据空格所在句子的内容可以判断，“择偶涉及男方的亲朋好友，_____女方的亲朋好友”显然前后是并列关系，选项中只有B选项as well as 表示并列关系。

南京航空航天大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:842满分:150 分科目名称:翻译与写作（英语）注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！Part One: Translate the following into Chinese ( 60 points)（1）My colleagues and I in fundamental physics are the intellectual descendants of Albert Einstein; we like to think that we too search for beauty. Some physics equations are so ugly that we cannot bear to look at them, let alone write down. Certainly, the Ultimate Designer would use only beautiful equations in designing the universe! We proclaim when presented with two alternative equations purporting to describe Nature, we always choose to the one that appeals to our aesthetic sense. “Let us worry about beauty first, and truth will take care of itself!” Such is the rallying cry of fundamental physicists.The reader may perhaps think of physics as a precise and predictive science and not as a subject fit for aesthetic contemplation. But, in fact, aesthetics has become a driving force in contemporary physics. Physicists have discovered something of wonder: Nature, at the fundamental level, is beautifully designed. It is this sense of wonder that I wish to share with you.（2）Since it was he who lost the fight, we ought to come again to the conclusion that people are powerless in the world. In reality, we believe the reverse, and it takes the act of the man in the water to remind us of our true feelings in this matter. It is not to say that everyone would have acted as he did. Y et whatever moved these men to challenge death on behalf of their fellows is not peculiar to them. Everyone feels the possibility in himself. That is the abiding wonder of the story. That is why we would not let go of it. If the man in the water gave a lifeline to the people gasping for survival, he was likewise giving a lifeline to those who observed him.The odd thing is that we do not even really believe that the man in the water lost his fight. “Everything in Nature contains all the powers of Nature,” said Emerson. Exactly. So the man in the water had his own natural powers. He could not make ice storms, or freeze the water until it froze the blood. But he could hand life over to a stranger, and that is a power of nature too. The man in the water pitted himself against an implacable, impersonal enemy; he fought it with charity; and he held it to a standoff. He was the best we can do.（3）There is no month in the whole year, in which nature wears a more beautiful appearance than in the month of August! Spring has many beauties, and May is a fresh and blooming month, but the charms of this time of year are enhanced by their contrast with the winter season. August has no such advantage. It comes when we remember nothing but clear skies, green fields and sweet-smelling flowers—when the recollection of snow, and ice, and bleak wind, has faded from our minds as completely as they have disappeared from the earth—and yet what a pleasant time it is! Orchards and corn-fields ring with the hum of labor; trees bend beneath the thick clusters of rich fruit which bow their branches to the ground. A mellow softness appears to hang over thewhole earth; the influence of the season seems to extend itself to the very wagon, whose slow motion across the well-reaped field is perceptible only to the eye, but strikes with no harsh sound upon the ear.Part Two: Translate the following into English (40 points)（1）买到了几册新书，一册一册地加盖藏书印记，我最感到快悦的是这时候。

2016年南京航空航天大学翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷(总分：54.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.下列关于《诗经》的说法中，不正确的一项是( )。

（分数：2.00）A.它是我国第一部诗歌总集B.它共收诗305篇C.它反映了西周初年至春秋中叶五百多年的丰富社会生活D.它是由孔子编订并命名为“诗经”的√解析：解析：《诗经》是我国最早的一部诗歌总集，收集了自西周初年至春秋中叶五百多年的诗歌，共305篇。

《诗经》相传由孔子编订，称为《诗》。

汉武帝“独尊儒术”之后，始称《诗经》，并被儒家列为经典之一。

2.明代四大奇书不包括( )。

（分数：2.00）A.《三国演义》B.《水浒传》C.《儒林外史》√D.《金瓶梅》解析：解析：明代四大奇书是指明代四部著名的长篇章回小说《三国演义》《水浒传》《西游记》和《金瓶梅》。

这四部小说开创了章回小说的四种类型，即历史演义小说、英雄传奇小说、神魔小说和世情小说。

《儒林外史》是清代吴敬梓所著的长篇小说。

故本题正确选项为C项。

3.选出下列各句成语的出处、文章作者及其生活时代都正确的一项：( )。

（分数：2.00）A.妄自菲薄——《出师表》——诸葛亮——西晋B.豁然开朗——《桃花源记》——陶渊明——东晋√C.山不在高，有仙则灵——《爱莲说》——刘禹锡——唐代D.心旷神怡——《岳阳楼记》——欧阳修——宋代解析：解析：A项年代错误，诸葛亮为三国时期蜀汉丞相；C项成语的出处错误，应为刘禹锡的《陋室铭》；D项作者错误，《岳阳楼记》作者是范仲淹。

4.韩愈和柳宗元大力提倡古文运动，他们所谓的“古文”，是指( )。

（分数：2.00）A.先秦两汉的文章√B.先秦诸子的文章C.唐代以前的文章D.汉代司马迁和班固等人的文章解析：解析：韩愈、柳宗元所提倡的“古文”，指先秦两汉的散文。

先秦两汉的散文质朴自由，以散行单句为主，不受格式拘束，有利于反映现实生活、表达思想。

2016年南京航空航天大学硕士英语专业考研真题南京航空航天大学2016年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题 A卷科目代码:246满分:100 分科目名称:英语注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I. Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1. I would like to have a talk with him _____ his convenience.A. inB. atC. forD. with2. I'd rather you _____ those important documents with you.A. don't takeB. didn't takeC. won't takeD. not take3. If a couple are divorced and their child lives with his mother, he is said to suffer from lack of _____ love.A. maternalB. fraternalC. paternalD. parental4. If English is not our first language you can often be puzzledby ways of expression that the native speaker ofEnglish does not even have to _____.A. think outB. think aboutC. think overD. think for5. If it _____ too much trouble, I'd love a cup of tea.A. isn'tB. wasn'tC. weren'tD. hadn't been6. If the fire alarm is sounded, all residents are requested to _____ in the courtyard.A. convergeB. assembleC. crowdD. accumulate7. If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1995, the housing problems now in some partsof the country _____ so serious.A. wouldn't beB. wouldn't have beenC. will not beD. would have not been8. If Tom wins tomorrow, he _____ thirty races in the past four years.A. will winB. has wonC. would have wonD. will have won9. If we believe something is good and true we should _____ to it.A. hold upB. keep onC. hold onD. keep up10. If you _____ James, ask him to phone me.A. should seeB. must seeC. might seeD. would see11. If you are required to do some work, it must be done _____.A. sooner or laterB. after all othersC. at lastD. in the long run12. If you know what the trouble is, why you don't help them to _____ the situation?A. simplifyB. modifyC. verifyD. rectify13. I'm sorry, but what he thinks is not of the _____ important to me.A. worthyB. valuableC. valuelessD. priceless14. I'm sure your suggestion will _____ the problem.A. contribute to solvingB. be contributed to solveC. contribute to solveD. be contributed to solving15. I'm very much obliged to you _____ the information.A. onB. forC. withD. of16. In American universities, classes are often arranged in more flexible _____ and many jobs on campus are reserves for students.A. scalesB. ranksC. gradesD. patterns17. In Beijing, the season of the year is probably _____ fall.A. laterB. lastC. latterD. late18. In spite of the wide range of reading material specially written or ______ for language learning purposes, there is yet no comprehensive systematic program for the reading skills.A. adaptedB. acknowledgedC. assembledD. appointed19. In that country, guests tend to feel they are not highly _____ if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.A. admiredB. regardedC. expectedD. worshipped20. In that country, students will be _____ admittance to their classroom if they are not properly dressed.A. declinedB. deprivedC. deniedD. desertedII. Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions:There are 4 passages in this part. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage 1A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than that is possible to learn in general history classes. Most typical history courses concentrate on politics, economics, and war. But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology. In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors--- or of people very different from our own --- can be provided by art. In short, art expresses the essential qualities of a time and a place, and a study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than that can be found in most history books.In history books, objective information about the political life of a country is presented; that is, facts about politics are given, but opinions are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective: it reflects emotions and opinions. The great Spanishpainter Francisco Goya was perhaps the first truly “political” artist. In his well-known painting The Third of May 1808, he criticized the Spanish government for its misuse of power over people. Over a hundred years later, symbolic images were used in Pablo Picasso’s Guernica to express the horror of war. Meanwhile, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Diego Rivera, Jose Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros --- as well as the works of Alfredo Ramos Martines --- depicted these Mexican artists’ deep anger and sadness about social problems.In the same way, art can reflect a culture’s religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art was almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that depicted people and stories from the Bible. Although most people couldn’t read, they could still understand biblical stories in the pictures on church walls. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was (and still is ) its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic (伊斯兰教的）belief that statues are unholy (不神圣的）.21. From passage One, we know that ______.A. art history reveals a people’s religious and emotional life as well as its political views and psychologyB. general history provides us with information about everyday life of ancient peopleC. general history gives us an insight into the basic situations of a time and a placeD. art history regards politics as an unworthy topic22. Art is subjective in that it _____.A. records what people felt and thought at a particular timeB. expresses the essential qualities of a time and a placeC. often gives us a better understanding of our historyD. often presents the subjective message about the political life of a country23. It may be concluded from this passage that _____.A. Islamic artists painted images on church walls as a way of teachingB. war was not one of the topics art history addressedC. Europeans respected images of biblical figuresD. for some time in Europe, art was the only way to understand religion24. According to the passage, what can be usually found in a truly “political” artist’s work?A. His criticism to the religious beliefs of his country.B. His explanation about the political values of his country.C. His dissatisfaction to wars, his government or social problems.D. His concern about the daily life of the poor in his country.25. The passage mainly discusses _____.A. the difference between general history and art historyB. the value of art history in understanding historyC. the importance of artists in art historyD. the importance of art in religionPassage 2Of a ll the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched tothinking of them as just “mental noise”--- the random byproducts of the neural repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams ar e part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off line.” And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center, “if you don’t like it, change it.”The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to ha ve more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events --- until appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, ther e’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in panic”. Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffer ing from persistent nightmaresshould seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep- or rather dream-on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.26.By saying that “dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat,"( Par.1) the researchers meanthat _______.A. we can think logically in the dreams tooB. dreams can be brought under conscious controlC. dreams represent our unconscious desires and fearsD. dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stable27. What did Cartwright find in her clinic?A. Most bad dreams were followed by happier ones.B. Divorced couples usually have more bad dreams.C. One’s dreaming process is related to his emotion.D. People having negative feelings dream more often.28. Cartwright believed with much practice，we can learn to _____.A. control what dreams to dreamB. sleep well without any dreamsC. wake up in time to stop the bad dreamsD. identify what is upsetting about the dreams29. The author points out that a person who has constant bad dreams should ______A. learn to control his dreamsB. consult a doctorC. sleep and dream on itD. get rid of anxiety first30. The author most probably thinks that controlling dreams is ______.A. a good practiceB. a new discoveryC. helpful for everyoneD. not essential for everyonePassage 3People who spend their days glued to networking websites such as Facebook and Twitter are more likely to be depressed, a new U.K. study has revealed.A team of researchers at the University of Leeds have conducted the first large-scale survey of its kind to find a link between the Internet and depression.“The Internet now plays a huge part in modern life, but its benefits are accompanied by a darker side,” said psychologist Catriona Morrison, lead author of the study, which is published in the journal Psychopathology Today.The survey was administered online, with adverts place on social-networking sites, and 1,319 people took the tests. Participants were asked to answer questions in an Internet Addiction Test. Internet Function Test ( to see what people use the Internet for most) and the Beck Depression Inventory.Morrison and her team found that 18 respondents were “Internet addicted”. When matched against not-addicted Internet users within the survey, the difference in depression ratings was significant; the addicts showed higher levels of depression than their non-addicted counterparts.In addition, the team found a correlation between the type of sites visited and the level of user addition. According to the study, Internet addicts spent more time on “gaming websites and online community/ chat”, whereas the non-addicted group perused (浏览) a wider range of site.But Morrison acknowledged some caveats (为防止误解而作的说明) to the study. The Internet Addiction Test, although a useful tool in studying this modern age addiction, is not a foolproof method of diagnosis. New tests incorporating (包含) measures of social isolation and loneliness may provide a more accurate measure to continue in this area.“What is clear”, said Morrison, “is that for a small subset of people, excessive use of the Internet could be a warning signal for depressive tendencies.”The study also leaves many questions unanswered. Having found a correlation, future studies may try to determine the cause. Do people become depressed because they are addicted to the Internet or turn to the Internet because they’re depressed?Morrison hopes future studies of Internet users will help define what this link might be. “We now need t o consider the wider societal implications of this relationship and confirm clearly the effects of excessive Internet use on mental health.”31. What can we know from a new U.K. study?A. The use of the Internet has little to do with depression.B. The Internet is mainly used to communicate with others in our daily life.C. People addicted to social networking sites are more easily to be depressed.D. The disadvantages of Internet use are much more than the benefits of it.32. What information can be got about the Internet Function Test from the passage?A. Its purpose is to show what effect the Internet has on people’s life.B. Its aim is to see what the Internet’s most common use is for people.C. It is published in the journal Psychopathology T oday.D. It is greatly welcomed by most of adolescents’ parents.33. According to the study, which group of people are more easily addictive to the Internet?A. Those who have the depressive tendencies.B. Those spending more time chatting online.C. Those who work depending on computersD. Those browsing a wide range of websites.34. The word “foolproof”(Para 7) is the closest in meaning to _____.A. commonB. uniqueC. deceptiveD. accurate35. What can be inferred from what Morrison says in the last sentence of the passage?A. It is clear that excessive Internet use leads to some people’s depression.B. There are some other societal reasons leading to people’s depression.C. The impact of excessive Internet use on mental health is not clearly verified yet.D. It is very hard to define the correlation between depression and Internet use.Passage 4Scholars and students have always been great travelers. “Academic mobility” is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world, and debated in the areas of Europe, but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad insearch of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest philosophy, the most effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold.Mobility of this kind also means mobility of ideas, their transference across frontiers, their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people. The point of learning is to share it, whether with students or with colleagues, one believes that only eccentrics (行为古怪的人) have no interest in being credited with a startling discovery, or a new technique. It must also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines, and that one was not quite alone, confronted by inquiry, ridicule or neglect.In the twentieth century, and particularly in the last 20 years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways. The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aeroplane, making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately feasible, and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge.Apart from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement. Some of these are purely quantitative and require no further mention: there are far more centers of learning, and a far greater number of scholars and students.In addition, one must recognize the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous number of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined. These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groupsin other countries.36. From the passage we can know that “academic mobility”__________.A. means the friendship formed by scholars when they are travelingB. is a program organized by governmentsC. is considered very important for economic and social progress in the worldD. means going abroad to search for the best teachers37. In the view of the author, if a scholar has a new idea abouta particular thing he should ______.A. keep it as a secretB. sell it for moneyC. abandon it without being provedD. share it with others38. According to the passage, what influence does the appearance of airplanes have on the academic aspect?A. It makes it possible to exchange students between countries.B. It makes it possible for scholars far from each other to contact more easily.C. It makes it easier for students to attend foreign universities.D. It promotes more centers of learning to appear immediately around the world.39. The words “considerable multiplication of disciplines(Last paragraph)” refer to ______.A. a great number of stricter teaching methodsB. broader cooperation among scholarsC. enormous rules for academic studiesD. an increase in the number of fields of knowledge40. According to the author, travel is necessary for specialists in that _______.A. it is good for them to define their interests preciselyB. it is a good way for them to relaxC. it helps them avoid working in isolationD. it can make them feel less lonelyIII. English -Chinese Translation (20 points)Directions: Translate the following passages into Chinese.1. A hero, it is said, is someone who is “larger than life”, whom we can admire for great qualities or abilities that we may never have. Heroes have included political and religious leaders, athletes, movies stars, and musicians. Today, however, many people say they do not have heroes. Political figures in today’s world of leaders rarely, if ever, appear larger than life to us. In today’s world of curious journalists and a television-age public, it seems difficult for anyone to attain heroic status.2. Effective translators aim to capture the overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings. In designing advertisements to be used in other countries, marketers are recognizing the need to keep messages as short and simple as possible and to avoid idioms, jargon, and slang that are difficult to translate. Similarly, they avoid jokes, since humor does not translate well from one culture to another. What is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another. The bottom line is that consumers interpret advertising in terms of their own cultures. As the global marketplace opens up, there is no room for linguistic or cultural blunders.VI. Chinese-English Translation (15 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into English.在当今世界，人口越来越多，社会也越来越工业化，生活在这种条件下，人们在污染着自己的居住环境，因此污染已经成了一个社会问题。

目　录2010年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2011年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2012年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2013年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2014年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2010年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Part O e: Proof ReadingThe following sentences contain some errors. Copy and edit them on your answer sheet. (1.5×10) 1．An important information I got from her is our teacher’s new marriage.2．She had a lot of difficulty with the long vowel /ei/, so I taught her how to pronounce.3．The tutor asked the pupils: “How to write an essay on your mother?”4．The volleyball players of our department went through very tough training for a whole semester and finally win the championship of the university.5．I felt frustrated and wondered why my English wasn’t improved even after having watched many movies and read many books.6．The news of the H1N1 flu worried the headmaster, but another news was upbeat: so far, everyone in his school was healthy.7．All of us in the class would like to become a teacher in the future.8．In high school, we had to take many classes, Chinese, English, physics, chemistry, mathematics and history and so on.9．The students found it dissatisfied that their hard work was not rewarded or recognized. 10．The university attaches great importance to teacher’s research and publications.【答案与解析】1．An: The（information为不可数名词，因此将An改为The。

2016年南京航空航天大学外国语学院246英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE answer thatbest completes the sentence.1. I would like to have a talk with him _____ his convenience.A. inB. atC. forD. with【答案】B【解析】句意：当他方便时，我想跟他谈一谈。

at one’s convenience当某人方便的时候。

2. I’d rather you _____ those important documents with you.A. don’t takeB. didn’t takeC. won’t takeD. not take【答案】B【解析】句意：我宁愿你没有带那些重要文件。

would rather或would sooner后跟宾语从句，该从句主语和主句的主语不是同一个(些)人时，从句中使用一般过去时表示对现在和将来的虚拟，从句中用过去完成时表示对一般过去的虚拟，意为“宁愿某人做某事”。

3. If a couple are divorced and their child lives with his mother, he is said to suffer from lack of _____ love.A. maternalB. fraternalC. paternalD. parental【答案】C【解析】句意：如果一对夫妇离婚了，他们的孩子与女方住在一起，据说他会缺少父爱。

南京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2013年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.malware（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：恶意软件2.code of conduct（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：行为准则3.inflation（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：通货膨胀4.search engine（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：搜索引擎5.square brackets（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：方括号6.3G mobile（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：3G手机7.MOU（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：谅解备忘录(memorandum of understanding)8.Chairman of the Board（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：董事会主席9.tele-conference（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：电话会议10.correspondence university（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：函授大学11.vicious circle（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：恶性循环12.aircraft carrier（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：航空母舰13.entrepreneur（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：企业家14.financial crisis（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：金融危机15.intellectual property（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：知识产权二、Part Ⅱ(总题数：15，分数：15.00)16.波音（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Boeing17.硅谷（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Silicon Valley18.教育机构（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：education institution19.科学态度（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：scientific attitude20.市场营销（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：marketing21.高能物理（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：high-energy physics22.临界温度（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：critical temperature23.控制系统（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：control system24.经济发展（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：economic development25.希望工程（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Project Hope26.电流（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：electric current27.技术革新（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：technical innovation28.太阳能（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：solar energy29.太空站（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：space station30.数字电视（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：digital television三、Part Ⅲ(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：30.00)31.The American mathematician Norbert Wiener first gave common use to the word "cybernetics" (from the Greek word for "steersman", "kubernetes" ), to describe that branch of study which is concemed with self-regulating systems of communication and control in living organisms and machines. The derivation seems apt, since the primary function of many cybernetic systems is to steer an optimum course through changing conditions towards a predetermined goal.We know from long experience that stable objects are those with broad bases and with most of theirmass centred low, yet we seldom marvel at our own remarkable ability to stand up right, supported only by our jointed legs and narrow feet. To stay erect even when pushed, or when the surface beneath us moves, as on a ship or a bus; to be able to walk or run over rough ground without falling; to keep cool when it is hot or vice versa, are examples of cybernetic processes and of properties exclusive to living things and to highly automated machines.（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：美国数学家诺伯特·维纳是第一个将“控制论”(“cybernetics”一词来源于希腊文“kubernetes”，表示“掌舵人”)一词变为用来描述有关生物体和机器通信与控制自我调节系统研究方面常用词的人。

南京航空航天大学2016年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:215满分:100 分科目名称:翻译硕士德语注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I Grammatik und Wortschatz语法与词汇（共44分）A 选择题（每题1分，共24分）1. ________ ist Ihre Telefonnummer bitte? ‐ Einen Moment bitte, meine Telefonnr. ist ...A) Was B) Wie C) Wie heißt2. Wir fahren morgen nach Deutschland, aber Herr Li fährt ___________ Türkei.A) nach B) zur C) in die3. Alle ___________ führen nach Rom.A) Wege B) Straßen C) Bahnen4. Diese Mütze kostet 35 Euro. Das ist zu teuer. Gibt es ________?A) keine billigeren B) keine billige C) keine billiger5. Sie dürfen hier im Haus keine Haustiere ________.A) nehmen B) halten C) kaufen6. Hallo! Ich komme ______ der Universitätszeitung und möchte einen Bericht ______ eureErlebnisse in den Ferien schreiben.A) in / von B) von / über C) von / auf7. Er bekommt heute einen Brief ______ Hause.A) zu B) im C) von zu8. Das Buch gefällt Jochen sehr gut. Ich kaufe ______ ______.A) es / ihm B) ihm / es C) ihn / ihm9. Gibt es hier eine direkte _________ mit dem Bus von der Universität zum Hauptbahnhof?A) Beziehung B) Verbindung C) Verfahren10. Wenn Sie Probleme haben, ___________ Sie mich nur zu rufen.A) müssen B) haben C) brauchen11. Einen Menschen, ___________ dich nicht liebt, solltest du auch nicht heiraten.A) der B) den C) wer12. Freiburg, __________ er jetzt wohnt, ist eine schöne Stadt.A) worin B) in dem C) wohin13. _________ des schlechten Wetters musste die Kundgebung verschoben werden.A) Trotz B) Während C) Wegen14. Diese Arbeit ___________ spätestens bis Freitag zu erledigen.A) hat B) ist C) muss15. Deutschland spielt _____ in der Wirtschaft und Politik in der EU.A) eine wichtige Stelle B) eine wichtige Rolle C) einen wichtigen Platz16. ______ bitte leise! Das Kind schläft.A) Sein B) Sei C) Bist17. Wir sollen alles in Ordnung ______.A) bringen B) nehmen C) machen18. ______ doch noch etwas Fisch! ‐ Nein, danke. Ich habe schon genug.A) Nimmst B) Nimm C) Nehmst19. Meiner Meinung ______ sollen Sie in Berlin wohnen.A) nach B) gegenüber C) mit20. ______ Fußballspieler hast du gern? ‐ Ronaldo.A) Welchen B) Wen C) Wessen21. Ich möchte Wein. Haben wir noch _____? Nein, es ist ____ mehr da.A) einen, keinen B) welchen, keiner C) welcher, keins22. Heute gibt es im Fernsehen_____.A)nicht Interessantes B)nichts Interessante C)nichts Interssantes23. Er war gestern beim Arzt und hat sich_____.A) untergesucht B) zu untersuchen C) untersuchen lassen24. Wenn er sich in der letzten Woche den rechten Fuss nicht verletzt hätte,_____er vorgesternmit uns nach Berlin_____.A) würde…mitfahren können B) wäre…mitgefahren können C) hätte…mitfahren können B根据短文内容选词填空（每空1分，共10分）Liu Hua(am Anfang, gewöhnt, das Esssen, vor zwei Jahren, zusammenstellen, das Studium, Heimweh, bei einer großen Firma, von der Welt, mit der Zimmersuche)Liu Hua kommt aus China. Sie hat in Beijing studiert und dort 2008 ihr Studium abgeschlossen. Danach hat sie __25__ in Shanghai gearbeitet. Aber sie wollte __26__ sehen. So kam sie __27__ nach Deutschland, um weiter zu studieren.Aber es war nicht leicht für sie __28__. Sie hatte zuerst Probleme __29__. Endlich fand sie eins. Auch __30__ schmeckte ihr nicht. Sie fühlte sich oft einsam und hatte deshalb __31__. Für sie war __32__ auch nicht ohne Probleme. Anfangs konnte sie nicht viel verstehen. Sie musste auch ihren Studienplan selbst __33__. Glücklicherweise hat sie sich inzwischen an das neue Leben __34__. Sie hat vor, im nächsten Jahr ihr Masterstudium abzuschließen.C根据短文内容选词填空（每空1分，共10分）Das Auto in meinem Leben(auch wenn, das, denn, der, doch, könnte, muss, wäre, wenn, würde)Ohne Auto __35 ich nicht leben. Ich wohne mit meiner Frau und meinen zwei Kindern auf dem Land, von meinem Haus bis in die nächsten Stadt sind es 14 Kilometer. Deshalb brauchen wir unbedingt ein Auto. __36 die Kinder einmal krank sind, muss ich oder meine Frau mit dem Auto zum Arzt fahren. Nur morgens und nachmittags fährt der Schulbus für die Kinder. __37 ist kostenlos für uns. Auch zum Einkaufen brauchen wir das Auto. Tragen Sie mal zwei schwere Einkaufstaschen 14 Kilomete! Das __38 nicht lustig. Nur montags und donnerstags braucht meine Frau für ihre Arbeit das Auto. An diesen Tagen __39 ich eine halbe Stunde früher aufstehen, __40 ich fahre mit dem Fahrrad und brauche unterwegs etwa 45 Minuten. Mit dem Auto brauche ich dazu nur eine Viertelstunde. __41 ein zweites Auto können wir uns nicht leisten.__42 ich genug Geld hätte, würde ich kein zweites Auto kaufen. Denn eigentlich __43ich gerne jeden Tag mit dem Rad fahren, __44 meinem Körper gut tut.II Leseverstehen阅读理解（每题2分，共30分）Text A Das duale Ausbildungssystem in DeutschlandJunge Leute, die die Schule beendet haben, können eine Lehre beginnen. Dazu müssen sie zuerst bei einem Betrieb ihrer Wahl eine Lehrstelle finden und dann einen Ausbildungsvertrag unterschreiben.Die Berufsausbildung besteht aus zwei Teilen. Den ersten Teil, die Praxis absolviert der Auszubildende, auch kurz Azubi genannt, im Betrieb. Den zweiten Teil, die Theorie lernt er in der Berufsschule. Die Azubis verbringen drei oder vier Tage in der Woche im Betrieb und ein oder zwei Tage in der Berufsschule. Der theoretische Unterricht kann auch in Blöcken von einigen Wochen je nach Berufen durchgeführt werden. Das nennt man dann Blockunterricht. In der restlichen Zeit arbeiten die Azubis dann in ihren Betrieben. In der Regel dauert eine Ausbildung in Deutschland bei den meisten Berufen drei bis dreieinhalb Jahre. Wenn jemand aber besonders gut ist, kann diese Zeit auch kürzer sein. Dieses Programm wird duales Ausbildungssystem genannt. Das gibt es nur in Deutschland, in Österreich und in der Schweiz, also in den deutschsprachingen Ländern.Die Azubis haben in mehreren Fächern Unterricht, wie zum Beispiel Deutsch, Englisch, Mathematik, Sport und Sozialkunde. Dazu kommen noch die Fächer für den bestimmten Beruf. Sie sind für jeden Beruf unterschiedlich, weil ene Köchin andere Sachen wissen muss als ein Automechaniker. Natürlich gibt es auch Prüfungen. Nach etwa 18 Monaten machen die Azubis eine Zwischenprüfung und am Ende die Abschlussprüfung. Dann bekommen sie die Zeugnisse. Auf der ganzen Welt bewundert man das duale Ausbildungssystem in Deutschland, in Österreich und in der Schweiz, weil es die Menschen so gut auf ihren Beruf vorbereitet. Aber es gibt auch Probleme. Viele Betriebe sagen, dass sie keine Azubis ausbilden können, weil sie nur noch sehr spezielle Arbeiten machen und die Azubis zu wenig bie ihnen lernen können. Andere Betriebe meinen, dass die Ausbildung von Azubis zu teuer ist, denn die Betriebe tragen die Kosten für die betriebliche Ausbildung und zahlen den Azubis Geld, obwohl sie noch nicht selbstständig arbeiten können.Wie sich dieses System weiter entwickelt, bleibt heute noch offen.Steht das im Text? Antworten Sie bitte mit JA oder NEIN.45. Die Azubis machen nach der Schule eine Ausbildung.46. Das duale System gibt es nur in Deutschland.47. Während der Ausbildung lernen die Azubis in der Berufsschule oder machen im Betrieb eine Lehre.48. Alle Azubis lernen die gleichen Fächer.49. Besonders gute Azubis können die Ausbildung etwas früher abschließen.Text B Der Jäger Hailibu (eine mongolische Volkssage)Vor langer, langer Zeit lebte in den Bergen der Jäger namens Hailibu. Er war sehr hilfsbereit und teilte alles, was er gejagt hatte, mit den anderen Menschen in seinem Dorf. Deshalb war Hailibu sehr beliebt in der ganzen Nachbarschaft.Eines Tages, als Hailibu zum Jagen tief in die Berge ging, fand er eine kleine weiße Schlange. Sie lag unter einem Baum und schlief. Um die Schlange nicht zu stören, wollte er schon einen Umweg machen. Doch gerade in diesem Augenblick flog ein grauer Kranich über seinen Kopfhinweg und ergriff die Schlange. Als Hailibu das sah, schoss er auf den Kranich. Der ließ die Schlange fallen und flog davon.Am nächsten Tag, als Hailibu an demselben Ort vorbeikam, sah er die kleine weiße Schlange wieder. Sie sprach zu ihm: "Mein lieber Retter, wie geht es dir? Du kennst mich vielleicht nicht, aber ich bin die Tochter des Drachenköniges. Meine Eltern wollten dich kennen lernen und dir persönlich für die Rettung danken und dir etwas schenken. Nimm bitte nichts von dem, was dir meine Eltern schenken wollen, sondern verlange nur den Edelstein. Mein Vater hält ihn in seinem Mund. Bewahre den Edelstein in deinem Mund auf, wenn du ihn bekommst. Du kannst dann alle Sprachen der Tiere verstehen. Aber erzähl es den anderen nicht, sonst wirst du sich in einen Stein verwandeln."Nachdem Hailibu das gehört hatte, ging er mit der Schlange zu ihrer Familie. Der alte Drachenkönig wartete schon vor der Tür. Er dankte Hailibu für die Hilfe und wollte ihm viele Geschenke geben. Aber Hailibu wollte nur den Edelstein als Erinnerung. Schließlich gab der König ihm den Edelstein und Hailibu nahm Abschied.Von da an jagte Hailibu besonders erfolgreich. So vergingen mehrere Jahre. Eines Tages, als er in den Bergen jagte, hörte er, was die Vögel redeten."Fliegen wir am besten an einen anderen Ort. Morgen wird hier überall Hochwasser sein." Hailibu ging eilig nach Hause und erzählte den anderen davon. Aber die Leute glaubten ihm nicht und wollten ihre Heimat nicht verlassen. Um alle zu retten, erzählte er allen, was vorher geschehen war und was er gehört hatte. Nachdem er dies gesagt hatte, verwandelte er sich sofort in einen Stein.Die Leute waren sehr traurig und verließen ihre Heimat. Tatsächlich war am nächsten Tag überall Hochwasser.Später fanden die Leute den Stein und stellten ihn auf einen Berggipfel. So sollte ihn auch später niemand vergessen.Antworten Sie bitte in vollständigen Sätzen!50. Warum hatten die Leute im Dorf Hailibu gern?51. Was machte Hailibu, als er die weiße Schlange unter einem Baum sah?52. Warum wollten die Vögel wegfliegen?53. Warum verwandelte sich Hailibu in einen Stein?54. Warum stellten die Leute den Stein auf einen Berggipfel?Text C Wer schreibt den ersten Krimi?Geschichten von Mord und anderen Verbrechen gab es schon immer. Wissenschaftler weisen in diesem Zusammenhang gerne auf die Bibel hin. Die Bibel erzählt schon auf ihren ersten Seiten eine Kriminalgeschichte: Der Mord an Abel durch seinen Bruder Kain. Der richtige Kriminalroman, oder besser gesagt, Detektivroman ‐ (der Detektiv), ist noch nicht so alt.Als der wirklich erste Krimi gilt eine Erzählung des Amerikaners Edgar Allan Poe: "Der Doppelmord in der Rue Morgue". Das Buch erschien 1841. In dieser Erzählung fanden die Leser zum ersten Mal das Grundmotiv des üblichen Kriminalromans: Ein Privatdetektiv klärt ein Verbrechen auf. Mit seinem Sherlock Holmes führte der englische Schriftsteller Arthur Conan Doyle ab 1887 diese Entwicklung weiter. Und er erfand eine bis heute sehr beliebte Art des Kriminalromans. Er schenkte dem Detektiv einen Freund: Dr. Watson. Der nächste bedeutende Schritt in der Geschichte der Kriminalromane waren die Bücher von George Simenon aus Belgien. Von jetzt an suchten staatliche Polizisten die Mörder und Verbrecher.Bleibt die Frage: Warum gab es nicht schon früher Detektivgeschichten? Die Antwort ist sehreinfach. Erst ab Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts spielten die Beweise beim Jagen nach Verbrechern eine Rolle, vorher waren es hauptsächlich die Aussagen von Zeugen. Mit den Beweisen begann die Arbeit für Detektive.Heute gehören Detektivgeschichten zu den meistgelesenen Büchern und seit der Anfangszeit des Films gibt es diese Geschichte auch im Kino. Zwei Dinge ziehen die Zuschauer beim Krimi an: das Verbrechen selbst und die Aufklärung, der Kampf zwischen Gut und Böse.Im Fernsehen jagen fast jeden Abend mutige Polizisten böse Verbrecher. Deutsche krimiserien zählen zu den wichtigsten Exportprodukten. Vor vielen Jahren durfte der deutsche Hauptkommissar Derrick in ca. 40 Ländern Verbrechen aufklären, natürlich nur im Fernsehen. Die neuen deutschen Krimiserien heißen "Kommissar Rex" oder "SOKO", und man kann sie auch in China oder Korea sehen.55. Welche Aussage ist dem Text nach richtig?A)Wissenschaftler lesen gerne die Bibel.B)Der erste Kriminalfall der Welt ist der Mord an Abel durch Kain.C)Der richtige Detektivroman ist jünger als die Bibel.56. Das Buch "Der Doppelmord in der Rue Morgue" gilt als der erste Krimi, weil_______.A)es von Edgar Allan Poe geschrieben wurde.B)in ihm ein Privatdetektiv alles untersucht und deutlich macht.C)in ihm ein Privatdetektiv vorkommt.57. Was gehört nicht zu der wesentlichen Entwicklung des Kriminalromans?A)Es gibt im Roman einen Privatdetektiv, der das Verbrechen aufklärt.B)Sherlock Holmes hat eine Reihe Kriminalromane geschrieben.C)Der Privatdetektiv im Roman hat einen Freund.58. Man sieht sich heute gerne Kriminalfilme an, weil _________.A)man sich für die Aufklärung des Verbrechens interessiert.B)sie über das Böse erzählen.C)man selber gerne gegen Verbrechen kämpft.59. Derrick ____________________.A)war vor vielen Jahren bei der Polizei tätig.B)war eine Person in einer Krimiserie vor vielen Jahren.C)hat vor vielen Jahren Fernsehsendungen gemacht.III. Übersetzen Sie. 请将划线部分翻译成中文（每题8分，共16分）60. Oktoberfest München ‐ Das Münchner Oktoberfest ist das größte Volksfest der Welt. Es beginnt Mitte September und endet am ersten Oktobersonntag. Jedes Jahr kommen über 6 Millionen Besucher zum Oktoberfest. In den riesigen Festzelten trinkt man Bier, isst Brathähnchen und ‐würsten und hört bayerische Blasmusik. Bei guter Stimmung fangen die Leute an zu singen und zu schunkeln. Ein Höhepunkt des Festes ist der traditionelle Umzug. Stundenlang ziehen verschiedene Gruppe durch die Straßen von München.61. Kinder brauchen die Natur. Leider verbringen die Kinder heutzutage zu viel Zeit vor Fernsehern oder Computern. Waren in den 1970er Jahren Kinder täglich noch drei bis vier Stunden an der frischen Luft, so wurde 2010 kaum eine Stunde erreicht. Folgen sind unter anderem mangelnde Fitness, Übergewicht und Konzentrationsstörungen. Darüber hinaus fehltden Kindern die Neugier, nämlich die Neugier für das schöne und für die ungeheure Vielfalt der Natur.IV. Schriftlicher Ausdruck写作（10分）62. Svenja und Jürgen haben jetzt eine 4‐Zimmer‐Wohnung. Sie schreiben an ihren Freund Herbert Kroll in 14482 Postsdam, Hermann‐Maaß Straße 12. Die Wohnung ist hell, liegt sehr ruhig und hat einen Balkon. Svenja und Jürgen möchten Herbert einladen. Er kann im Arbeitszimmer schlafen.Schreiben Sie eine Postkarte an Herbert Kroll. Die Karte muss mindesten 100 Wörtern haben. Vergessen Sie bitte die Addresse nicht!。

南京航空航天大学2016年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题 A卷 科目代码:842满分:150 分科目名称:翻译与写作（英语）注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！Part One: Translate the following into Chinese ( 60 points)（1）The quantum hypothesis explained the observed rate of emission of radiation from hot bodies very well, but its implications for determinism were not realized until 1926, when another German scientist, Werner Heisenberg, formulated his famous uncertainty principle. In order to predict the future position and velocity of a particle, one has to be able to measure its present position and velocity accurately. The obvious way to do this is to shine light on the particle. Some of the waves of light will be scattered by the particle and this will indicate its position. However, one will not be able to determine the position of the particle more accurately than the distance between the wave crests of light, so one needs to use light of a short wavelength in order to measure the position of the particle precisely. Now, by Planck’s quantum hypothesis, one cannot use an arbitrarily small amount of light; one has to use at least one quantum. This quantum will disturb the particle and change its velocity in a way that cannot be predicted. Moreover, the more accurately one measures the position, the shorter the wavelength of the light that one needs and hence the higher the energy of a single quantum. So the velocity of the particle will be disturbed by a larger amount. In other words, the more accurately you try to measure the position of the particle, the less accurately you can measure its speed, and vice versa.（2）The beauty of our country is hard to define as it is easy to enjoy. Remembering other and large countries we see at once that one of its charms is that it is immensely varied within a small compass. We have here no vast mountain ranges, no illimitable plains. But we have superb variety. A great deal of everything is packed into little space. I suspect that we are always faintly conscious of the fact that this is a smallish island, with the sea always round corner. We know that everything has to be neatly packed into a small place. Nature, we feel, has carefully adjusted things——mountains, plains, rivers, lakes——to the scale of the island itself. A mountain 12,000 feet high would be a horrible monster here, as wrong as a plain 400 miles long, a river as broad as the Mississippi. Though the geographical features of this island are comparatively small, and there is astonishing variety almost everywhere, that does not mean that our mountains are not mountains, our plains not plains.（3）About dusk the snow will stop, and by full dark a high, white moon will come sailing in like a galleon, and an icy, diamond powdering of stars will follow. In the blue-and-silver night there are no blurred edges. This is the time of clarity, of cutting beauty. Out in the night there will be no sound except of branches clicking together and a vast, far skein of wind flung down from the sky.I know if I sit here long enough by the window, I will see the red conflagration of dawn, and in the new day there will be the wonderful gifts that only brilliant winter day after a storm brings: the shattering scarlet of redbirds at the back-yard feeder. It will be a day to sweep the path to the bird feeders and put out seed and withered apples like old ladies’ cheeks for the impatient animals.Part Two: Translate the following into English (40 points)（1）当由一个人物，一桩事迹，一幅画面而发生的真情实感，想你袭来的时候，它就像一根扎到你心尖上的长针，一阵卷到你面前的怒潮，你只能用最真切、最简练的文字，才能描画出你心尖上的那一阵剧痛和你面前的那一霎惊惶。

南京航空航天大学2015年《211翻译硕士英语》考研专业课真题试卷I. Vocabulary and Structure (10 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. So nervous _____ that he didn’t know how to explain.A. since he becameB. would he becomeC. that he becameD. did he become2. Had I received one more vote in the last election, I ______ the chairman now.A. might have beenB. would have beenC. wereD. would be3. Snow aids farmers by keeping heat in the lower ground levels, thereby ______ from freezing.A. to save the seedsB. which saves the seedsC. saving the seedsD. the seeds saved4. Kate was watching a movie, completely _____ to the outside world.A. being lostB. having lostC. losingD. lost5. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, _____ the behavior of an animal depends mainly on instinct.A. whileB. whenC. asD. for6.There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _____ a sudden loud noise.A. being thereB. there wasC. there having beenD. should there be7.______ the English examination, I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.A. In spite ofB. Bur forC. As forD. Because of8._____ a rainy day, I decided to stay at home.A. It beingB. WhatC. BeingD. Such9.She never laughed, _____ lose her temper.A. or she ever didB. nor did she everC. or did she everD. nor she ever did/doc/4011034881.html,nguage belongs toeach one of us, to the flower-seller ____ to professor.A. as much asB. as fat asC. the same asD. as long as11.The policeman accidentally discovered the _____ of the stolen money.A. locationB. siteC. spotD. position12. The funeral will be ____, and only members of the dead man’s family will attend.A. aloneB. personalC. peculiarD. private13. _____ any remarriage this money would pass to your late husband’s younger brother.A. On account ofB. In accordance withC. With reference ofD. In the event of14. Several members of the committee, unwilling to take sides, _____ from voting.A. abstainedB. declinedC. dodgedD. eluded15. No one is ____ to serve on the committee until he hasbeen a member of the club for two years.A. applicableB. congenialC. eligibleD. convenient。