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高中英语知识点归纳同位语从句与主语从句的区别同位语从句与主语从句是英语语法中的两个重要概念。
虽然它们在形式上相似，但在用法和语义上却有着明显的区别。
本文将对同位语从句和主语从句进行比较，以帮助高中英语学习者更好地理解和运用它们。
一、同位语从句的定义和用法同位语从句是一个从句，用来补充或解释前面的名词或代词。
它通常用来对该名词或代词进行说明、加强或者解释。
同位语从句一般由连词"that"引导，但在口语中，可省略该连词。
同位语从句常见的结构如下：1. The fact that...例如：I am aware of the fact that he is leaving.2. The news that...例如：I am excited about the news that we won the competition.3. The idea that...例如：She has a strong belief in the idea that honesty is the best policy.同位语从句与前面的名词或代词之间构成同位关系，它们在句子中的地位相当。
同位语从句可以出现在复合句中的任意位置。
二、主语从句的定义和用法主语从句是一个从句，用来充当句子的主语。
它通常以连词"that"或连接代词"who, what, where, when, why, how"引导。
主语从句的常见结构如下：1. That...例如：That he is late is not surprising.2. Who...例如：Who will come to the party is uncertain.3. What...例如：What they did yesterday shocked me.主语从句通常位于句子的开头，作为整个句子的主语，它与谓语动词之间构成主谓关系。
【主语从句】主语从句是指在句子中做主语的从句。
引导主语从句的词有连词that，whether；连接代词who，what，which以及其强调形式whoever，whatever，whichever；连接副词when，where，how，why等。
例如：That she was able to come made us very happy．Whether she will come or not is still a question．What we need is more time．Where she has gone is a mystery．在主语从句中，为了保持句子的平衡，我们常常把主语从句后置，而以形式主语it代替。
例如：That he misunderstood me is obvious．通常说成：It is obvious that he misunderstood me．When the plane is to take off has not been announced．通常说成：It has not been announced when the plane is to take off．引导主语从句位于句首的连词不能用if，可以使用whether。
例如：If he comes or not doesn’t matter．应该为：It doesn’t matter if he comes or not．或Whether he comes or not doesn’t matter．that引导的主语从句放在句首时，that不能省略。
例如：That he was chosen made us very happy．注意这种结构构成的一些常见句型，如：It is said / reported that …．据说/据报道……。
It must be pointed out that …．必须指出的是……。
高考英语名词性从句知识讲解名词性从句是指在复合句中起名词作用的句子，功能相当于名词词组。
名词性从句在复合句中能作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，根据在句中的语法功能可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、主语从句【定义】在复合句中，作主语的句子称为主语从句。
常见的连接词：（连接词在句中不能省略）that, whether, who, what, whatever, whoever, where, when, why, how等。
【用法】1.连接词 that 引导That we should learn English well is very important.主语从句中 we should learn English well句子完整，不缺成分，用that引导，that 不能省连接词whether，if 引导whether 引导的主语从句可放句首，也可放句中，表“是否”if 引导的主语从句只能引导动词后的宾语Whether I will go or not depend on the weather.It remains to be seen whether / if they can finish the task in time.2.连接代词what, who, which, whose, whatever, whichever，whoever等引导What matters most is your attitude.3.连接副词when，where，why，how等引导How he made it is still unknown.4.it作形式主语为了避免句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在句首，真正的主语放在句子后面。
常见句型：(1) It is + n.+ that + 句子It is +（a pity / a shame / a fact …）+ that ...(2) It is + adj.+ that + 句子It is +（true / clear / important …）+ that ...(3) It is + 过去分词 + that + 句子It is+ said / announced / expected / believed / hoped… + that ...(4) It seems /appears / happens / turned out that + 句子(5) It hit sb./occurred to sb.that + 句子二、宾语从句【定义】在复合句中，作宾语的句子称为宾语从句。
句子做主语是什么从句结构类型句子作为主语在语文学习中是一个重要的语法现象。
句子作为主语通常被称为主语从句，它的语法结构类型有很多。
在这篇文章中，我们将探讨有关句子做主语时的从句结构类型以及三个具体的例子。
一、什么是主语从句？主语从句是作为主语的从句，它通常由“that”“whether”“if”等引导词引出。
这种从句通常是复杂句的形式，它的语法结构比较复杂。
主语从句通常出现在主语部分，在句子中很常见。
二、主语从句的结构类型主语从句的结构类型有三种，分别是“同位语从句”、“名词性从句”和“特殊疑问句从句”。
1.同位语从句同位语从句是主语和补语中间的一个从句，它解释或指明主语或补语的内容，并且表示在数量、性质、名称、时间、地点和状态等方面解释或说明主语的内容。
同位语从句通常出现在主语中，下面是一个例子：即使父母不同意，我还是会去旅行。
In spite of the fact that my parents don't agree, I will still travel.在这个例子中，“即使父母不同意”是同位语从句，它修饰主语“我”。
2.名词性从句名词性从句也称为“宾语从句”、“主语从句”或“表语从句”，它是一个从句，作为一个名词，可以作为宾语、主语或表语出现在句子中。
通常由“that”“whether”“if”等引导词引出。
下面是一个例子：他怀疑他的女友欺骗了他。
He doubts whether his girlfriend cheated on him.在该例中，“是否他的女友欺骗了他”是名词性从句，它作为整个句子的主语。
3.特殊疑问句从句特殊疑问句从句也称为“疑问代词从句”，它通常由“what”“where”“who”“when”“why”等引导词引出，表示特殊的提问形式。
特殊疑问句从句通常修饰一个名词，也可以作为整个句子的主语。
下面是一个例子：谁能告诉我他的名字？Who can tell me his name?在该例中，“谁能告诉我他的名字”是特殊疑问句从句，它作为整个句子的主语。
英语八大从句类型与用法总结有哪些从句英语有六种从句类型，分别是主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句。
英语八大从句类型与用法总结有哪些从句1英语从句类型主语从句用作主语的从句叫主语从句。
引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。
表语从句用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。
引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词很多都一样。
宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
同位语从句是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系就是同位关系，即主表关系。
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
状语从句可分为：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句、结果状语从句。
2英语从句用法1.主语从句1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。
常见的句型有：2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。
3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。
2.宾语从句1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。
连词that常可省略。
介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。
in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that 引导的宾语从句。
定语从句同位语从句和主语从句的区别一.引导定语从句的关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, whose, who, whom, as；关系副词有when, where, why。
关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都充当一定的句法成份。
关系代词在从句中充当动词的宾语时一般可以省略。
关系代词的选用，受下列条件的制约：(1) 要看先行词是指人还是指物，(2) 要看关系代词在从句中句法功能，(3) 要看定语从句是限定性的还是非限定性的。
指人指物指人或指物主语who which that宾语whom which that谓语whose whose (of which)That 只能用在限定性定语从句中，而who, whom, which, which 既可用于限定性定语从句中，也可用于非限定性定语从句。
I know that he is a man who means what he says. =I know that he is a man that means what he says. 【我知道他是一个守信用的人。
】The gentleman whom she met addressed her with courtesy. =The gentleman （that）she met addressed her with courtesy. 【她遇到的那位先生很有礼貌地向她打了招呼。
】The watch which was lost has been found. =The watch that was lost has been found. 【丢了的表找到了。
】You are the only one whose advice he might listen to. 他也就是听你的话吧。
关系副词的选用相对来说比较简单，如果先行词是表示时间的名词，如time, day 等，则用when, 如先行词为表示地点的名词，如place, house, area 等等，则选用where。
主语从句和同位语从句接下来说说同位语从句。
这个小家伙就像一个搞笑的配角，负责解释主句中的名词。
举个例子，“The fact that he didn’t come is disappointing.” 这里的同位语从句“that he didn’t come”就像给“the fact”加了个注释，哎呀，这小子没来，真是让人心凉。
这种用法特别实用，听起来既正式又不失亲切感。
日常生活中，咱们常常会用这样的结构，比如说：“The idea that we should go hiking sounds great.” 你看，这时候“that we shouldgo hiking”就帮我们解释了“idea”是啥。
所以呢，主语从句和同位语从句，简直就是英语世界里的调味品，没有它们，句子就淡了。
这就好比一碗白开水，加点盐、加点酱油，瞬间就鲜活起来了。
想想你平常跟朋友聊天，聊着聊着突然冒出一句“我跟你说啊，昨天我看到的那个事情...”这时候的“那个事情”如果不加点解释，可能就会变成“什么事情”，让人摸不着头脑。
主语从句和同位语从句就能解决这个问题，让沟通更顺畅。
再说了，英语这门语言，真是个五彩斑斓的世界。
主语从句和同位语从句各有各的用处，想要玩转它们，得先了解它们的性格。
你可能会一脸懵逼，觉得怎么这些从句会如此复杂，但只要稍微琢磨琢磨，就会发现它们的可爱之处。
就像人类的性格，每个人都有独特的一面，得好好去了解才能真正懂得。
比如，你跟朋友聊到一个很有趣的事情，“The idea that we can travel next summer is exciting!” 这句话不仅传达了兴奋的情感，还通过同位语从句解释了这个“idea”是什么。
说到这里，有没有觉得英语学习也挺有趣的？特别是当你能熟练运用这些句子的时候，那种成就感真是无法用言语形容。
有时候啊，英语学习的过程就像攀登一座山，起初你可能觉得艰难无比，心里想着“我真的能做到吗？”但当你一步步走上去，看到越来越多的风景，心里那种激动真是无与伦比。
从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类.前四类由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词,所以通称名词性从句；后两类定语从句和状语从句功用相当于形容词,称为形容词性从句.状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、方位状语从句和时间状语从句.1.主语从句（Subject Clause）：用作主语的从句叫主语从句.引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等.2.表语从句 Predicative Clause）：用作表语的从句叫表语从句.引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大都一样.3.宾语从句（Object Clause）：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.第一部分一.、定义：宾语从句就是一个句子作动词或介词的宾语.二、学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态.连接词一般都是that(指事务或人),which 指事）,who 指人）1．从句为陈述句,常选择连接词that或将that省略,直接与主句相连.2．从句为一般疑问句,常选择连接词if或whether.在whether…or not结构中不能用if替换. 3．从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词.★当who为主语时,句式为：who+谓语+其他判断时态情况：1.主句是一般现在时,从句为各种时态情况2.主句是一般过去时,从句为各种相应过去时态注意：从句描绘客观事实,用一般现在时3.主句是一般将来时,一般从句为一般现在时 “主将从现”）例题：〈1. The teacher told the children that the sun＿＿B＿＿round.A. wasB. isC. wereD. are 答案为B,属于第二种情况.宾语从句,在复合句中作宾语,位于及物动词后；Tell him which class you are in ．(1)主、从句时态一致：主句谓语过去时,从句相应过去时；He answered that he was listening to me.主句谓语现在时,从句时态任所需；He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk.具体过去永不变,真理格言现在时；He told me that he was born in 1980.2）否定前移,及完成反意问句；在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时,应转移到主句上去,完成反意疑问句时,应与从句主、谓保持一致.（注: 否定前移的条件是,主句主语是第一人称）I don't think you are right ,are you ?3）在表示建议suggest , advise要求demand 、desire、require、request、propose；决定decide; 命令order、command; 坚决主张insist;等动词后跟宾语从句,用 should）+v． 虚拟语气）eg．I suggested that you should）study hard．4）如果宾语从句后有宾语补足语,用it作形式宾语,把宾语从句后置eg．You may think it strange that he would live there．5）宾语从句that常可省略,但在以下情况下不能省略A．当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,可以省略第一个that,其他不能省略. eg．I believe that）you have done your best and that things will get bet?鄄ter．B．当it作形式宾语时eg．She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him．C．当宾语从句前置时eg．That our team will win,I believe．三、分类A 、作动词的宾语:eg．I heard the newsI 主语heard 谓语动词the news.名词作宾语I主语heard 谓语动词that he would come here later on.一个句子作宾语---宾语从句B 、作介词的宾语:eg．He said nothing about this plan .He主语said 谓语动词nothing 代词作动词的宾语about 介词the plan. 名词作介词的宾语四、带有宾语从句的复合句的构成:带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起.连接词有：that(可省略),what, who, when, where, why, which, if, whether, how.五、注意：A 宾语从句必须用陈述语序.False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.B 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放在后面.Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment.Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句.Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher.Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.D False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.4.同位语从句（Appositive Clause）：与先行词同位或等同的从句叫作同位语从句.其关联词多为that.5.定语从句 Attributive Clause）：用作定语的从句叫定语从句.定语从句一般皆放在被它所修饰的名 代）词之后,这种名 代）词就叫作先行词 Antecedent）.引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词(或称引导词、关系词等）.关系代词在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语等；关系副词在定语从句中用作状语.①引导定语从句的关联词有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why 和which. 在非限制定语从句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where , when., 如果指代前面整个句子, 多用which.例句：The dog that/which was lost has been found. 失踪的狗已经找到了.）③as 可做引导词引导定语从句, 多和such, the same 连用. As 引导的定语从句也可修饰整个句子, 既可放在先行词后,也可放在句子开头.例句：Such people as you describe are rare nowadays. 你描述的那一类人现在很少了.）④介词+which/whom/whose从句The driver is the man from whose room she had stolen the gold watch. 她就是从那个司机的房间偷了金表的.）⑤代/名+介词+which 从句He is needing a book, the name of which I don't know.（ 他需要一本书,但是我不知道书名.）⑥同位语从句和定语从句The news that you told me was really exciting. 你告诉我的好个消息真的是很激动人心.）⑦难句:NO.1He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group. 他是被选为代表该团队的人中一员.）第二部分一、时态1·主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态.2·主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态.3·主句用过去时,从句是真理时,只用一般现在时.二、宾语从句的几类连接词：①从属连词连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.例句：I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车.②连接代词连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.例句：Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗?③连接副词连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.例句：He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.三、动词的宾语从句大多数动词都可以带宾语从句We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.★部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句例句：I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.★动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有：make sure确保make up one’s mind下决心keep in mind牢记例句：Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.四、可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.例句：I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.②有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.例句：I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替例句：We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.五、介词的宾语从句用wh-类的介词宾语从句例句：We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.★用that,if引导的介词宾语从句有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句例句：I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.六、形容词的宾语从句常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised例句：I am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.七、if,whether在宾语从句中的区别①if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if②少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.③whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.④在不定式前只能用whether.如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下.⑤避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.八、哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that1.当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;2.当宾语从句较长时;3.当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;4.当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;5.当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略;6.当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时;7.当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时;8.当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时;9.当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时;10.当宾语从句有it做其先行词时;11.在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.九、宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.例句：I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.我认为他不会来我的舞会.★如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.例句：We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?十、宾语从句的时态和语序当主句为现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.当主句为过去时的时,细分为一下几种情况：①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生例句：I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in.我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前例句：He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary.③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后例句：The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.★如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时候不根据主句的时态而变化例句：The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.★当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首例句：Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.同位语从句用法比较"固定",把关键的几个词背下来 下面这个材料供参考）：一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句.它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容.如：I had no idea that you were here．我不知道你在这里.二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words消息）,possibility等.如：I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon．我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了.三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that,whether,连接副词how,when,where等.（ 注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句.）如：l have no idea When he will be back．我不知道他什么时候回来.四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开. 如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了.五、同位语从句与定语从句的区别.1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况.如：The news that l have passed the exam is true．我通过了考试这一消息是真的.同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容.）The news that he told me just now is true．他刚才告诉我的消息是真的.定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息.）2、引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成份,而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除起连接作用外,还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等.如：The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇.that在从句中不充当任何成份.）一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语.同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起.1) 非独立的同位语：常出现在被限定词前Bruce Lee (姓名) 李小龙Graf Schmidt (称号,浑名) 施密特伯爵Doktor Wang (职称,头衔) 王博士Uncel Liu (亲戚的称呼) 刘叔叔die Stadt Shanghai (类属名称) 上海市the Province Hebei (类属名称) 河北省das Jahr 2000 (类属名称) 2000 年three Kilo tomato (度量名称) 三公斤西红柿the University Bremen (专有名词) 不来梅大学。
同位语从句1． 定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。
2． 用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关联词多用从属连词that。
如：They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来？Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。
注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。
如：I have no idea whether he’ll come or not. 我不知道他是否来。
连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。
The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。
We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。
解释：1．that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别that引导的同位语从句that引导的定语从句句法功能上that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。
在从句中不充当句子成分。
不可省。
that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。
从句的类型及引导词总结从句是一种在句子中起到特定功能的句子成分。
它可以作为主句的主语、宾语、定语或状语，起到丰富句子意义和提供更多信息的作用。
从句根据功能和结构可以分为名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句，而引导从句的词语则根据从句的类型来确定。
下面将对这些从句类型及其引导词进行总结。
一、名词性从句名词性从句在句子中扮演名词的角色，可以作为主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
常见的名词性从句有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1. 主语从句：从句作为整个句子的主语，通常以从属连词"that"引导。
例如：- What he said is true.（他说的是真的。
）- That he is late is unacceptable.（他迟到是不可接受的。
）2. 宾语从句：从句作为句子中的宾语，可以由多个引导词引导，如"that"、"if"、"whether"、"who"、"what"等。
例如：- I don't know if he will come.（我不知道他是否会来。
）- She asked me what my favorite color is.（她问我最喜欢的颜色是什么。
）3. 表语从句：从句作为句子中的表语，通常以从属连词"that"引导。
例如：- The fact is that he lied to us.（事实是他对我们撒了谎。
）- My dream is that I can travel around the world.（我的梦想是能环游世界。
）4. 同位语从句：从句作为另一个名词或代词的同位语，通常以从属连词"that"或连接代词/连接副词引导。
例如：- The news that she won the first prize was exciting.（她赢得一等奖的消息令人激动。
同位语从句(一) 概念一般来说，在主从复合句中,用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。
它通常跟在某些名词之后，用以说明或解释该名词表示的具体内容。
可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有：advice, decision, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, promise, proposal, reply, report, suggestion, word（消息），problem，question, doubt, thought等。
例如：They were delighted at the news that their team had won. Where did you get the idea that I could not come？有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在被说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。
如：The thought came to him that Tom might have returned the book.（二）引导词[寻规找矩注意从句引导词的用法。
1. The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.2. He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.3. The question who should do the work is being discussed at the meeting.4. I have no idea what the boy is doing in the next room now.5. We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation this year.6. I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.7. I have no idea when he will be back．[小结归纳]①that引导同位语从句时无词义，也不充当任何成分，但通常不可以省略，如句1；②whether引导同位语从句时意为“是否”，通常不能用if来代替,如句2;③连接代词who, what等可以引导同位语从句，如句3，4；④连接副词where, how, when等可以引导同位语从句，如句5，6，7。
2010高一语法学案（五）主语从句、同位语从句主语从句1、概念名词性从句在一个句子中充当_____的时候, 我们称之为主语从句.2、连词主语从句连词的选择遵循下列规则：(1). 从句意思完整，不缺成分用______(2). 表示是否，用______(3). 若主语从句句意不完整，且不表是否，此时应根据______，选用______注意：主语从句可以由that引导。
引导词that在主语从句中不作任何成分，也没有中文意义。
当主语从句位于句首时，that不能省略。
3、如果主语很长，常用以“it”作形式主语的结构That English has been accepted as an international language is a fact._____________________________________________________________________*常见的it作形式主语的结构:1) It + be +adj.+ that 从句2) It + be + said/believed/known +that从句3) It + seems/happens/appears +that 从句4) It+ be + a pity/fact +that从句5) It+ matters a lot that6) It occurs to/strikes sb. that* necessary, important, natural, essential, strange, advisable, surprising, interesting, etc. + 虚拟语气It is strange that you should like him.*句型It is/was reported (said, known, claimed, etc.)还可以改成单句形式：主语+ be + V-ed + to doIt is said that the memorial hall can seat an audience of 5,000.The memorial hall _____________ an audience of 5,000.It is reported that an earthquake occurred in Gansu Province this year.An earthquake _____________ in Gansu Province this year.*It is/was suggested / advised / demanded /ordered / requested etc.+ that cl. (should do) It is ordered that the books ______ (send) at once.4、主语从句作主语谓语动词多用单数When and why Jack came to Shanghai is not known.5、由疑问词引导的主语从句要保持陈述语气What we should do before the meeting is not clear.6、区分whoever/who______ is going to do the job is not known.______ breaks the law will be punished.操练：1. _____ the attack will begin will depend on the general.2. _____ your son will enter Yale University or Harvard University is for your husband todecide.3. _____ will be in charge of our school hasn’t been decided.4. _____ long the tree has lived is still unknown to us.5. It is pretty well understood _____ controls the flow of the carbon dioxide in and out of theatmosphere.6. _____ offers the clue to the case to police will be rewarded.7. It remains unseen _____ this new type of medicine will take effect.8. _____ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from onerespect.9. It is not immediately clear _____ the financial crisis will soon be over.10. _____ follows is the list of goals for salt reduction for our typical dieter.同位语从句1、同位语的概念形如n1, n2的结构，我们将n2称之为n1的同位语。
e.g. Tom, our monitor, was ill yesterday.Shanghai, a modern city, has a long history.2、同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。
同位语从句和前面的名词在内容上是同一关系。
3、可用于同位语从句的常见名词有：•advice, announcement, answer, belief•chance, conclusion•demand, doubt, decision, evidence, explanation•fact, feeling•hope, idea, information, impression•message, news•order, opinion•problem, promise、proposal, possibility•question•request, report, rumor•suggestion, thought, truth•wish, word ,warninge.g.1) The news that we won the game is exciting.2) None of us thought of the possibility that the car might run out of petrol during our trip.3) We had to face the fact that the nearest petrol station was 15 miles away.4、同位语从句连词的选择(1) 若同位语从句意义完整，通常由that引导，且that 不能省略。
(2) 如果句子的意思不完整，需添加“是否”，“什么时候”，“什么地方”，“什么方式”等含义时，则用whether, when, where, how 等疑问词引导同位语从句。
如：1) They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.2) The problem whether it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.3) I have no idea where he lives.5、有时，为了保持句子的平衡，同位语从句可以不紧跟在它修饰的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。
•The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.•His dream came true that he would become a world famous footballer.请识记下列常见的同位语从句分离结构•Word came that…•Evidence came up that…• A story goes that…•Information has been put forward that…6、在suggestion, order, demand, request, proposal 等名词后的同位语从句中，从句的谓语动词应该用虚拟语气，即（should）+ v原(1) He made a suggestion that we (should) have a football match.(2) Mary refused Tom’s proposal that a meeting ____ (hold) at the end of the month.7、区分同位语从句与定语从句注意：同位语从句和定语从句的区别是：前者说明名词的内容，后者说明名词的性质特征；前者所用连词that在从句中不做成分，后者所用关系代词that在从句中做成分。
前者的that不能省略，后者的that如在从句中充当宾语时可以省略。
(1) The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.(2) The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.(3) The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.(4) The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn somethingpractical.完成下列同位语从句1. 他还没有做出决定是否去那里。
He hasn’t made the decision ________.2. 我们做出决定：我们必须立即行动。
We came to the decision ________.3. 他提议会议延期。
He made a proposal ________.4. 他幸存的希望很小。
There was little hope ________.5. 我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。
