他克莫司转换为环孢素A改善肾移植后新发糖尿病
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· 综述·移植后糖尿病危险因素研究进展董骏峰 薛强 滕飞 赵渊宇 殷浩【摘要】 实体器官移植极大地延长了终末期疾病患者的生存时间,但器官移植受者术后需要长期服用免疫抑制药,会导致移植后糖尿病(PTDM )的发生风险增加,从而使感染、心血管疾病和死亡的风险升高。
近年来,随着PTDM 诊断标准的不断完善,临床医师对其认识越来越深入,与2型糖尿病相比,PTDM 在病理生理特征和临床进展上存在着明显差异,需采用不同的治疗策略。
及早识别器官移植受者的危险因素,早期诊断和干预对于改善受者的生活质量,延长移植物的存活时间以及降低受者病死率具有重要意义。
因此,本文就PTDM 的诊断、发生情况及危险因素做一综述,以期为临床医师早期识别并干预PTDM 提供参考。
【关键词】 器官移植;移植后糖尿病;钙调磷酸酶抑制剂;哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白抑制剂;糖皮质激素;巨细胞病毒;排斥反应;单核苷酸多态性【中图分类号】 R617, R587.1 【文献标志码】 A 【文章编号】 1674-7445(2024)01-0019-06Research progress in risk factors of post-transplantation diabetes mellitus Dong Junfeng *, Xue Qiang, Teng Fei,Zhao Yuanyu, Yin Hao. *Department of Organ Transplantation , the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital ), Shanghai 200003, ChinaCorrespondingauthor:YinHao,Email:**************************【Abstract 】 Solid organ transplantation has significantly prolonged the survival of patients with end-stage diseases.However, long-term use of immunosuppressants will increase the risk of post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) in the recipients, thereby elevating the risk of infection, cardiovascular disease and death. In recent years, with persistent improvement of diagnostic criteria of PTDM, clinicians have deepened the understanding of this disease. Compared with type 2 diabetes mellitus, PTDM significantly differs in pathophysiological characteristics and clinical progression. Hence,different treatment strategies should be adopted. Early identification of risk factors of organ transplant recipients, early diagnosis and intervention are of significance for improving the quality of life of recipients, prolonging the survival of grafts and reducing the fatality of recipients. Therefore, the diagnosis, incidence and risk factors of PTDM were reviewed in this article, aiming to provide reference for clinicians to deliver prompt diagnosis and intervention for PTDM.【Key words 】 Organ transplantation; Post-transplantation diabetes mellitus; Calcineurin inhibitor; Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor; Glucocorticoid; Cytomegalovirus; Rejection; Single nucleotide polymorphismDOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2023154基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目(82070798);上海市科学技术委员会生物医药创新项目(21S11905200);上海申康医院发展中心新兴前沿技术联合攻关项目(SHDC12021116);上海申康医院发展中心研究型医师创新转化能力培训项目(SHDC2022CRD030);上海长征医院转化医学孵育基金;上海长征医院科普人才扶持计划(CZQNKP-TYYX-QZ-2022-05)作者单位: 200003 上海,海军军医大学第二附属医院(上海长征医院)器官移植科(董骏峰、滕飞、赵渊宇、殷浩);海军军医大学第三附属医院(东方肝胆外科医院)神经外科(薛强)作者简介:董骏峰(ORCID 0000-0003-2257-5983),主治医师,研究方向为器官移植(肝移植)基础及临床研究、肝胆胰脾临床工作,Email :*****************通信作者:殷浩(ORCID 0000-0001-5674-8681),主任医师,全军器官移植研究所所长,国家重点学科/国家临床重点专科学科带头人,研究方向为肝胆胰腺外科及器官移植,Email :**************************第 15 卷 第 1 期器官移植Vol. 15 No.1 2024 年 1 月Organ Transplantation Jan. 2024 实体器官移植是一种较为成熟的治疗方案,它极大地改善了终末期器官功能障碍患者的生存时间和生活质量。
◇临床药理学◇摘要目的:糖尿病影响细胞色素P4503A4/5(CYP3A4/5)底物的药代动力学。
因此本研究评估了血红蛋白A1c (HbA1c )水平与他克莫司的药代动力学之间的关系。
方法:回顾性收集肾移植术后口服他克莫司的患者,年龄>18岁。
CYP3A5基因型分为表达者(*1/*1或*1/*3)和非表达者(*3/*3)。
多元线性回归分析确定服用他克莫司后第7天、6个月和12个月的谷浓度/剂量标准化体质量(C/D )比值的预测因子。
使用Bonferroni 校正评估服用他克莫司后6个月和12个月时ΔC/D 比值与ΔHbA1c 水平之间的相关性。
结果:根据入排标准纳入139名患者(CYP3A5表达者,n =56和非表达者,n =83),多元线性回归分析显示CYP3A5非表达者第7天的C/D 比值略高于CYP3A5表达者。
治疗6个月和12个月后影响他克莫司C/D 比值升高的因素分别是男性和CYP3A5非表达者以及HbA1c 水平升高和CYP3A5非表达者。
在CYP3A5非表达患者中12个月后他克莫司C/D 比值和HbA1c 水平中呈正相关(y =54.6x -194.6,R =0.63,P =0.004,Bon-ferroni 校正)。
此外,从6个月到12个月,C/D 比值和HbA1c 水平的个体内变化有相关趋势(y =54.5x +20.2,R =0.41,P =0.036,Bonferroni 校正)。
结论:可以考虑使用HbA1c 和CYP3A5基因型来了解肾移植6个月后他克莫司浓度的个体间和个体内变异性。
关键词糖尿病;药物基因组学;药物代谢动力学;他克莫司;肾移植中图分类号:R969文献标志码:A文章编号:1009-2501(2023)07-0767-08doi :10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2023.07.007他克莫司作为目前临床应用最广泛的钙调磷酸酶抑制药,主要用于预防同种异体器官移植后的排斥反应和和提高移植手术患者整体存活率[1]。
中国组织工程研究 第17卷 第53期 2013–12–31出版Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research December 31, 2013 Vol.17, No.53doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.53.013 []冯小芳,闵敏,左富姐,周梅生,王立明. 他克莫司转换为环孢素A 改善肾移植后新发糖尿病[J].中国组织工程研究,2013,17(53):9176-9181.P .O. Box 1200, Shenyang 110004 9176www.CRTER .org冯小芳★,女,1980年生,湖北省荆州市人,汉族,2009年上海交通大学医学毕业,硕士,主治医师,从事肾移植术后康复研究。
fengxiaofang1980@ 通讯作者:王立明,博士,主任医师,上海长征医院器官移植中心,上海市 200070wt2530@中图分类号:R318 文献标识码:A 文章编号:2095-4344 (2013)53-09176-06修回日期:2013-09-07 (201307059/D ·Y)Feng Xiao-fang ★, Master, Attending physician, Department of Kidney Transplant Rehabilitation, Central Hospital of Zhabei District in Shanghai(Changzheng Hospital Zhabei Branch), Shanghai 200070, Chinafengxiaofang1980@Corresponding author: Wang Li-ming, M.D., Chief physician, Organ Transplantation Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200070, China wt2530@Accepted: 2013-09-07他克莫司转换为环孢素A 改善肾移植后新发糖尿病★冯小芳1,闵 敏1,左富姐1,周梅生2,王立明2 (1上海市闸北区中心医院(长征医院闸北分院)肾移植康复科,上海市 200070;2解放军第二军医大学上海长征医院器官移植中心,上海市 200070)文章亮点:1 移植后新发糖尿病是实体器官移植后一个严重的并发症,可直接或间接导致不良的临床结果。
肾移植患者用他克莫司替换环孢素A后的疗效及不良反应的回顾性分析卫泽武;张文文;马多玲;毕娟;谌介秀;杨云云【摘要】Objective To study the efficacy and adverse reactions for renal transplant patients conversed from cyclospo-rine A to tacrolimus .Methods The follow-up data of renal transplant patients conversed from cyclosporine A to tacrolimus were collected .The clinical therapeutic outcomes including drug induced diseases (DIDs) and acute rejection (AR) induced by cyclosporine A were analyzed during the first year after conversion with SPSS 17 .0 software .Results The levels of Scr and BUN were significantly decreased during the first year after conversion for renal transplant patients with CScr and AR (P<0.05 or P<0 .01) .The levels of direct bilirubin (DB) and total bilirubin (TB) were also significantly lowed (P<0.05 or P<0 .01) during the first year for drug-induced liver injury (DILI) patients .The average level of ALT was significantly decreased in 12 months after conversion (P<0.05) .The complications of gingival overgrowth (GO) stopped with the medication replace-ment .However ,the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level increased significantly in 12 months after conversion (P<0.05) .Con-clusion For renal transplant patients suffered from AR or the serious DIDs induced by cyclosporine A ,conversion from cyclos-porine A to tacrolimus could be considered .However ,it should be aware of the high blood glucose or the new diabetes caused by tacrolimus .%目的研究肾移植患者用基础免疫抑制剂他克莫司替换环孢素A后的疗效与不良反应.方法收集他克莫司替换环孢素A的肾移植患者随访资料,使用SPSS17.0分析替换后1年内相关药源性疾病(DIDs)和急性排异反应(AR)的改善情况.结果肾移植患者用他克莫司替换环孢素A后的1年内,慢性爬行肌酐升高(CScr)者和AR者的血肌酐(Scr)及尿素氮(BUN)均逐渐下降,两者有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01);药物性肝损伤(DILI)者的总胆红素(TB)和直接胆红素(DB)逐渐下降,并呈显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01),第12个月转氨酶(ALT)显著降低(P<0.05);牙龈增生(GO)现象停止.然而,空腹血糖(FBG)在第12个月显著升高(P<0.05).结论使用环孢素A的肾移植患者,若发生环孢素相关的A R和(或)其所致DIDs,可用他克莫司替换,但需警惕换药所致的肾移植后新发糖尿病.【期刊名称】《药学实践杂志》【年(卷),期】2018(036)001【总页数】5页(P75-79)【关键词】他克莫司;环孢素A;肾移植;药源性疾病;急性排异反应【作者】卫泽武;张文文;马多玲;毕娟;谌介秀;杨云云【作者单位】第二军医大学附属长海医院药学部 ,上海200433;第二军医大学附属长海医院药学部 ,上海200433;第二军医大学附属长海医院药学部 ,上海200433;第二军医大学附属长海医院药学部 ,上海200433;第二军医大学附属长海医院药学部 ,上海200433;第二军医大学附属长海医院药学部 ,上海200433【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R699.2环孢素A(cyclosporine A,CsA)也被称为“环孢菌素或环孢霉素”,是由11个氨基酸构成的中性环状多肽,是第1个钙调磷酸酶抑制剂(calcineurin inhibitor,CNI)[1]。
中国组织工程研究 第17卷 第53期 2013–12–31出版Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research December 31, 2013 Vol.17, No.53doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.53.013 []冯小芳,闵敏,左富姐,周梅生,王立明. 他克莫司转换为环孢素A 改善肾移植后新发糖尿病[J].中国组织工程研究,2013,17(53):9176-9181.P .O. Box 1200, Shenyang 110004 9176www.CRTER .org冯小芳★,女,1980年生,湖北省荆州市人,汉族,2009年上海交通大学医学毕业,硕士,主治医师,从事肾移植术后康复研究。
fengxiaofang1980@ 通讯作者:王立明,博士,主任医师,上海长征医院器官移植中心,上海市 200070wt2530@中图分类号:R318 文献标识码:A 文章编号:2095-4344 (2013)53-09176-06修回日期:2013-09-07 (201307059/D 〃Y)Feng Xiao-fang ★, Master, Attending physician, Department of Kidney Transplant Rehabilitation, Central Hospital of Zhabei District in Shanghai(Changzheng Hospital Zhabei Branch), Shanghai 200070, Chinafengxiaofang1980@Corresponding author: Wang Li-ming, M.D., Chief physician, Organ Transplantation Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200070, China wt2530@Accepted: 2013-09-07他克莫司转换为环孢素A 改善肾移植后新发糖尿病★冯小芳1,闵 敏1,左富姐1,周梅生2,王立明2 (1上海市闸北区中心医院(长征医院闸北分院)肾移植康复科,上海市 200070;2解放军第二军医大学上海长征医院器官移植中心,上海市 200070)文章亮点:1 移植后新发糖尿病是实体器官移植后一个严重的并发症,可直接或间接导致不良的临床结果。
2 采用前瞻性的随机研究,在移植后新发糖尿病患者中将他克莫司转换为环孢素A ,观察移植后新发糖尿病患者的血糖改善状况,同时观察急性排斥反应发生率、人/肾存活率、肾功能、血压及血脂、尿酸等的情况,明确研究的安全性,希望能为肾移植后糖代谢异常提供一种有效、经济的治疗方法。
关键词:器官移植;肾移植;糖尿病;他克莫司;环孢素A ;空腹血糖;糖化血红蛋白;排斥反应 主题词:器官移植;肾移植;糖尿病;降血糖药;环孢素A ;他克莫司结合蛋白质类;血糖 基金资助:上海市闸北区卫生局(2013QN02)*摘要背景:肾移植后糖尿病的发生原因目前尚不明确,一般认为与患者种族、年龄、体质量、家族史、丙肝病毒感染及免疫抑制剂方案有关目的:探讨将他克莫司转换为环孢素A 改善移植后新发糖尿病的有效性和安全性。
方法:将42例符合入组标准的肾移植受者随机分为转换组(n =20)和对照组(n =22);转换组将他克莫司转换为环孢素A ,对照组不转换。
从对照组确诊为新发糖尿病、转换组他克莫司转换为环孢素A 的时间开始随访1年,动态监测患者的血糖状况,同时监测患者体质量指数、血清肌酐、尿素氮、尿酸、肝功能、血脂、免疫抑制剂用量及浓度范围、尿微量白蛋白、急性排斥反应发生率、感染发生率、丙肝感染率、人/肾存活率等直至随访终点。
结果与结论:随着时间的增长,转换组的空腹血糖及糖化血红蛋白逐渐改善,需要接受降糖治疗的患者例数逐渐减少,转换1年后,有11例(55%)新发糖尿病完全缓解,不需接受降糖药物治疗;而对照组,需要接受降糖药物治疗的患者例数逐渐增多,1年后所有患者均需接受治疗,而且空腹血糖及糖化血红蛋白控制情况均不如转换组。
同时,转换组与对照组相比,血清肌酐、谷丙转氨酶、三酰甘油、胆固醇、尿酸等均无明显差异,而尿微量白蛋白在转换后6个月开始则明显少于对照组;两组的急性排斥反应发生率、感染发生率及人/肾存活率均无明显差异。
将他克莫司转换为环孢素A ,短期内(1年内)改善肾移植后新发糖尿病是安全而有效的。
Conversion from tacrolimus to cyclosporine A improves new-onset diabetes mellitus after transplantationFeng Xiao-fang 1, Min Min 1, Zuo Fu-jie 1, Zhou Mei-sheng 2, Wang Li-ming 2 (1Department of KidneyTransplant Rehabilitation, Central Hospital of Zhabei District in Shanghai (Changzheng Hospital Zhabei Branch), Shanghai 200070, China; 2Organ Transplantation Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200070, China)AbstractBACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of new-onset diabetes mellitus after transplantation remains unclear. It is generally recognized that the onset is associated with patient’s ethnics, age, body weight, familial history, hepatitis C virus and immunosuppressant scheme.OBJECTIVE: To discuss the efficiency and safety of conversion from tacrolimus to cyclosporine A in renal transplant recipients with new-onset diabetes mellitus after transplantation.METHODS: Forty-two renal transplant recipients, who met the inclusion criteria, were divided into two groups randomly: conversion group (n =20; tacrolimus was converted to cyclosporine A) and control group (n =22;tacrolimus was given contrinuously). All the involved patients were followed up for 1 year after the diagnosis of new-onset diabetes mellitus after transplantation in control group and conversion from tacrolimus to cyclosporine A conversion group. The blood glucose levels of patients were dynamically monitored. Meanwhile body mass index, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, serum uric acid, liver function, blood lipid, the dose and concentrationrange of immunosuppressants, urinary albumin, the incidence of acute rejection, infection rate of hepatitis C virus,the survival rate of patients and renal graft were all recorded.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the time going, fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin were improved gradually in conversion group and the number of cases needing glucose-lowering treatment was gradually decreased. Eleven cases (55%) presented a complete remission after one year and needed no glucose-lowering treatment. In the control group, the cases needing glucose-lowering treatment were increased gradually, and all cases still needed glucose-lowering treatment after one year. Fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were higher than those in conversion group. Meanwhile, serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, triacylglycerol, cholesterol and serum uric acid showed no differences between two groups, but urinary albumin level in control group was higher than conversion group at 6 months. The incidence of acute rejection, the rate of infection, the survival rate of patient and renal graft also showed no differences between the two groups. Our findings indicate that, conversion from tacrolimus to cyclosporine A is an effective and safe strategy to improve new-onset diabetes mellitus after transplantation within a short time (less than one year).Subject headings: organ transplantation; kidney transplantation; diabetes mellitus; hypoglycemic agents; cyclophilin A; tacrolimus binding proteins; blood glucoseFunding: a grant from Shanghai Municipal Zhabei District Health Department, No. 2013QN02*Feng XF, Min M, Zuo FJ, Zhou MS, Wang LM. Conversion from tacrolimus to cyclosporine A improves new-onset diabetes mellitus after transplantation. Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu. 2013;17(53):9176-9181.0 引言Introduction钙调磷酸酶抑制剂联合酶酚酸酯及泼尼松是肾移植受者常用的三联抗排斥疗法,他克莫司及环孢素均为钙调磷酸酶抑制剂,主要用于预防实体器官移植手术后的排斥反应。