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高考英语名词知识点技巧及练习题含答案(3)一、选择题1．They lived in a backward part of the country, with no electricity, paved roads or easy ______ to safe drinking water.A．lack B．guarantee C．remedy D．access2．I suggest you apply for membership. Members can get a 15% ____________.A．discount B．dictation C．favor3．Many scientists have believed that there may be a ______ of life on the Mars.A．signal B．sign C．mark D．sigh4．If you want to get a good ___________, you’d better stand on the top of the hill.A．sight B．sceneC．look D．view5．Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any ________. A．excuse B．sense C．use D．value6．The worker was satisfied with his boss because he was offered a good .A．salary B．price C．service D．reason7．No ______ has proved that eating too much is the main cause of the weight problem. A．doubt B．wonder C．evidence D．belief8．—I couldn’t tell Jack from his twin brother.—Me too, and there is no obvious________between them.A．contribution B．distinction C．promotion D．expression9．—In spring, hens start laying eggs again, bringing a welcome source of protein.—It is ____ that lots of cultures celebrate spring by honoring the egg!A．no doubt B．no surpriseC．no way D．no need10．The ________ went extremely well, with almost all of the audience requesting further information about our 5G products.A．conservation B．imagination C．presentation D．qualification 11．The two neighbouring countries reached a（an） ______ on their boundary problem eventually.A．Accumulation.B．compensation C．accommodation D．ambition12．The self-driving smart bus is already operating in 10 cities across China, with thelatest_______ in Shanghai in August.A．exploration B．exclusion C．expansion D．explosion13．If you feel any_____ in your neck, put a towel under your head for support when sleeping. A．tension B．abortion C．submission D．dimension 14．Poverty alleviation is a high priority of our country and has been put on the top of________at two sessions.A．agenda B．subject C．directory D．seminar 15．Hawking owned a brilliant intellect with a deep ____ for humanity, which enabled him to overcome his terrible disease and become a famous scientist.A．aid B．concern C．glory D．basis 16．Nearly a year after his____________ from prison, he was still unable to sleep properly. A．expedition B．transformation C．link D．release17．Due to the ________ of this medical technology, some diseases can be treated at the early stage.A．appreciation B．applicationC．appointment D．approach18．China is a racially mixed country, in which various ethnic(民族) groups bring their own unique flavors to each corner of the country, which adds ________ people's table.A．to great variety of B．great variety toC．to a great variety of D．the great variety to19．Jane is nice but she has a ______ to talk too much.A．trend B．tendency C．tension D．threat 20．Generally there is a sharp ______ between them in their character.A．contact B．contrary C．contract D．contrast 21．President Donald Trump's first state dinner excluded Democratic members of Congress and the media, which was criticized by many as a(n) _________ from tradition.A．departure B．benefit C．escape D．lesson 22．Olympic athletes bring joy to people across the world with their____________ to push the boundaries of human achievement.A．intelligence B．influences C．impression D．attempts 23．The police are offering a $ 60,000 _____ for information about the killer.A．price B．prize C．award D．reward24．The explorer got a disease in blood for ________of fresh vegetables and fruit.A．sake B．lackC．ignorance D．knock25．All children should be encouraged to realize their full __________.A．impact B．recognition C．potential D．program【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．D解析：D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。
高中名词专项练习题及讲解名词是英语语法中的一个重要组成部分，它代表了人、地点、事物或概念。
在高中英语学习中，掌握名词的用法对于提高语言能力和理解力至关重要。
以下是一些名词专项练习题及相应的讲解，帮助学生更好地理解和运用名词。
练习题1：名词的单复数形式1. This ___ is very heavy.A. boxB. boxesC. boxs2. There are many ___ in the garden.A. leafB. leavesC. leafs答案与讲解：1. 正确答案是A。
"box"是单数形式，表示一个箱子。
名词的单数形式通常用于指代一个单独的个体或事物。
2. 正确答案是B。
"leaves"是复数形式，表示多个叶子。
在英语中，很多名词的复数形式是通过在词尾加上"-s"或"-es"来形成的。
练习题2：不可数名词1. Water is an ___.A. foodB. drinkC. advice2. We need to buy some ___ for the party.A. furnituresB. informationsC. drinks答案与讲解：1. 正确答案是C。
"advice"是一个不可数名词，表示建议或意见，它没有复数形式。
2. 正确答案是C。
"drinks"是可数名词，表示饮料，可以有复数形式。
而"furniture"和"information"是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
练习题3：名词所有格1. The ___ of the house is very beautiful.A. roofB. roofsC. roof’s2. My ___ is in the classroom.A. bookB. booksC. book’s答案与讲解：1. 正确答案是C。
高考英语二轮语法巩固-《名词》专题讲练【正误比对】误区之一名词“数”的误用(1)【误】During the past few days, many visitor just like me have come here to experience the distinctive scenery.【正】During the past few days, many visitors just like me have come here to experience the distinctive scenery.[分析] visitor是可数名词,被many修饰,故用复数形式。
句意:在过去的几天当中,许多和我一样的游客来到这里,体验这里与众不同的风景。
(2)【误】The beauty of the village consists in its clean airs and peaceful environment.【正】The beauty of the village consists in its clean air and peaceful environment. [分析] air是不可数名词,没有复数形式,故airs改为air。
误区之二物质、抽象名词“具体化”的误用【误】She went into my room and got big surprise when she saw all those books on the floor.【正】She went into my room and got a big surprise when she saw all those books on the floor.[分析] surprise本来是不可数名词,此句中转化为可数名词,意为“一件令人惊讶的事”,故在big前加a。
句意:她走进我的房间,当她看到地板上的那些书时,大吃一惊。
误区之三名词“格”的误用【误】 A girl comes in. She's got a small, brown, leather wallet in her hand. She thinks it's Peter.【正】 A girl comes in. She's got a small, brown, leather wallet in her hand. She thinks it's Peter's.[分析] it指代wallet,与Peter不能构成同一关系,根据句意可知,此处应是“彼得的钱包”,故Peter 应改为所有格形式Peter's。
高中英语语法练习-名词专项练习含答案解析A．ns B．n C．nsD．nes1.There are only twelve women doctors in the hospital.2.Mr。
Smith has two brothers-in-law。
both of whom are teachers in a school.3."How many stomachs does a cow have?" "Four."4.Some Germans visited our school last Wednesday.5.The roofs of the building are covered with lots of leaves.6.When the farmer returned home。
he found three sheep missing.7.That was a fifty horsepower engine.8.My father often gives me much advice.9.Mary broke a teacup while she was washing up.10.Can you give us some n about the writer?11、I had a cup of tea and two pieces of bread this morning.12、As is known to us all。
light travels much faster than sound.13、She told him of all her hopes and fears.14、The rising water did a lot of harm to the crops.15、How far away is it from here to your school。
高中英语语法名词专项练习题含答案解析1. The _______ of the book is very interesting.A. prefaceB. authorC. contentD. cover答案：C。
解析：content 是“内容”的意思。
2. I have a lot of _______ to do before the deadline.A. homeworksB. worksC. taskesD. tasks答案：D。
解析：task 的复数形式是tasks。
3. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for his contributions to the field of _______.A, scienceB, sciencesC, scientificD, scientists答案：A。
解析：“科学”应该用science 表示，而不是其他选项。
4.The teacher asked us to write a 500-word essay on any topic we choose; but he gave us no other_______ about what he wanted.A.guidelinesB.directionsC.instructionsD.orders答案: A 。
解析: “指导方针”应该使用guidelines 表示，而不是directions、instructions 或orders。
5.I need some new _______. These ones are worn out.A.jeansB.pantsC.trousersD.slacks答案: A 。
解析: jeans 是裤子的一种类型，其他选项并没有包含这个信息。
6.She has been studying French for many years and now she speaks it with great__________.A.fluencyB.accentC.dialectD.tone答案:A 。
导学案【词汇串烧】Fall in Love with EnglishHiding behind the loose dusty curtain, a teenager pack ed up his overcoat into the suitcase. He planned to leave home at dusk though there was thunder and lightning outdoors. He had got to do this because he was tired of his parents’ nagging about his English study and did not want to go through it any longer. He couldn’t get along well with English and dislike d join ing in English classes because he thought his teacher ignore d him on purpose. As a result, his score in each exam never add ed up to over 60.His partner was concerned about him very much. She understood exactly what he was suffer ing from, but entirely disagree d with his idea. In order to calm him down and settle his problem, she talked with him face to face and swap ped a series of learning tip s with him. The item s she set down helped him find the highway to studying English well.The teenager was grateful and got great power from his friend’s words. Now, he has recover ed from being upset and has fall en in love with English.爱上英语有个少年躲在积满灰尘的松散窗帘后把大衣装入手提箱。
高考英语名词经典习题(含答案)一、单项选择名词1．They celebrate their wedding ________ every year.A．advantage B．aim C．amount D．anniversary 【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。
句意：他们每年都庆祝结婚纪念日。
A. advantage优势；B. aim目的；C. amount数量；D. anniversary周年纪念日。
根据“They celebrate their wedding”可知，此处表示“结婚纪念日”，故D项正确。
2．场景、场面 ( 着重人物的活动)3．His conflicted with that of the other witnesses and yet his story had, for me, the ring of truth.A．expecta on B．instruc onC．response D．account【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。
句意：他的叙述与其他目击者讲的有矛盾。
然而在我看来，他所说的有可能是真的。
A. expecta on期望；B. instruc on指示；C. response 回应 ;D. account陈述。
由“yet his story”可知，account符合句意。
故D选项正确。
4．We have found that a boy matching your entered the amusement park just now. A．instruc on B．explana onC．descrip on D．applica on【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。
句意：我们发现一个符合你的描述的男孩刚才进入了游乐园。
Ainstruc on指示；Bexplana on解释；Cdescrip on描述；Dapplica on申请。
高考名词专项练习题及答案详解一、单项选择名词1．The two sides have finally reached a(n) _______ , though some small differences(分歧) still exist(存在).A．announcement B．agreement C．amazement D．achievement【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。
句意：尽管仍存在一些小分歧，但双方最终达成了一致。
A. announcement宣告；B. agreement一致；C. amazement惊愕；D. achievement成就。
根据“though some small differences(分歧) still exist”可推知，此处表示“达成一致”，故B项正确。
2．As for your ________ about the shoes, sir, I will speak to the person in charge and ask him either to give you another pair or to give your money back.A．composition B．compromise C．complaint D．concept【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词。
A. composition作文； B. compromise妥协； C. complaint抱怨； D. concept 概念。
句意：先生，关于你对这双鞋的投诉，我会和负责的人谈谈，让他要么给你另一双鞋，要么把钱还给你。
complaint about“对------抱怨”，故选C。
3．An advantage of living on the top floor of a high rise building is that you can get a good_________.A．scene B．sceneryC．sight D．view【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句。
具体用法见下表：主语从句大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。
(what引导的主语从句表示“……的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever, whoever, whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。
)►It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪开会无所谓。
【注意】(1)常见的it替代that引导的主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：①It＋系动词＋形容词(necessary/right/likely/important/certain...)＋that从句②It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/good news/a fact/an honour...)＋that从句③It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/heard/reported/decided/suggested...)＋that从句④It＋特殊动词(seem/appear/happen/matter)＋that从句(2)在“It is necessary/important/natural...＋that从句”的结构中，从句谓语常用“(should ＋)动词原形”。
宾语从句1．动词find, feel, think, consider, make, believe等后有that引导的宾语从句作宾语补足语时，则常用it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。
►I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.我认为每天摄入足量的白开水很有必要。
2．有些动词(短语)不能直接跟宾语从句，需要借助形式宾语it。
常见的有hate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, appreciate, see to等。
高考名词讲解及练习(含答案)一、单项选择名词1．I can’t say which one is best——it’s________personal taste.A．a lack of B．a means of C．a manner of D．a matter of【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词短语辨析。
句意：我无法说哪一个最好---这是个人品味问题。
A. a lack of 缺乏；B. a means of方式，方法；C. a manner of方式；D. a matter of…的问题。
根据句意可得知D 选项符合题意。
故选D。
2．His conflicted with that of the other witnesses and yet his story had, for me, the ring of truth.A．expectation B．instructionC．response D．account【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。
句意：他的叙述与其他目击者讲的有矛盾。
然而在我看来，他所说的有可能是真的。
A. expectation期望；B. instruction指示；C. response 回应 ;D. account陈述。
由“yet his story”可知，account符合句意。
故D选项正确。
3． attention to surrounding traffic is a(n) to accidents.A．Drivers not paying; invitation B．Drivers’ not paying; invitationC．Drivers not paying; cause D．Drivers’ not paying; cause【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动名词和名词。
句意：司机不注意周围的交通会引起事故。
此处是动名词的否定形式作主语，且逻辑主语是名词所有格形式，所以第一个空应填Drivers’ not paying；第二个空，an invitation to“------的一个邀请”，结合句意此空填invitation。
可数名词的数1．单数名词变为复数名词的基本规则。
(1)以–o 结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加–s ，但下列名词要加–es ：黑人英雄．．．．在回声．．中吃土豆．．、西红柿．．．，即：Negroes, heroes, echoes, potatoes, tomatoes 。
下列以–o 结尾的名词变为复数时既可以加–es ，也可以加–s ：zeros /zeroes(零)，mosquitos/mosquitoes(蚊子)，volcanos/volcanoes(火山)。
(2)以–f 或–fe 结尾的名词变为复数时，一般去掉f 或fe 加–ves ：为了自己活命．．．．，小偷．．和他的妻子．．手里拿着刀子．．和树叶．．站在架子．．上，把狼．劈成两半．，即：selves, lives, thieves, wives, knives, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves 。
但下列以–f 或–fe 结尾的名词变为复数时直接加–s ：屋．顶．上的首领信仰保险箱．．．．．．．，即：roofs, chiefs, beliefs, safes 。
下列以–f 结尾的名词变为复数时既可以去掉f 加–ves ，也可以直接加–s ：handkerchiefs /handkerchieves(手帕)，scarfs/scarves(围巾)。
(3)合成名词变成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。
如：sons–in–law(女婿), passers–by(过路人), story–tellers(讲故事的人), breakfasts(早餐), housewives(家庭主妇)。
2．常见单复数同形的名词。
如：means, aircraft, deer, fish, fruit, cattle, Chinese, Japanese, sheep, works(工厂)等。
其中fish, fruit 表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即：fishes, fruits 。
3．有些名词常以复数形式出现。
(1)一些以–ing 结尾的名词，如：belongings(所有物), feelings(感情), findings(调查结果), earnings(收入), savings(积蓄), leavings(剩余物), surroundings(环境)等。
(2)表示“衣服”“工具”等的总称，如：clothes(衣服), trousers(裤子), shorts(短裤), socks(短袜), compasses(圆规), chopsticks(筷子), glasses(眼镜), scissors(剪刀)等。
(3)有些复数名词具有不同的意义，如：customs(海关；关税), damages(损害赔偿), papers(证件；文件), goods(货物；商品；财产), pains(辛劳), spirits(情绪)等。
(4)某些固定搭配，如：be /make friends with sb(和某人是/交朋友), be on good terms with sb(与某人关系好), shake hands with sb(和某人握手), in high spirits(情绪高昂)等。
4．集合名词的数。
有些集合名词在形式上虽是单数，但常表示复数含义，如：people, cattle, police, public, “the ＋adj .”(表示一类人)；有些只用作单数，如：machinery, furniture, mankind,jewellery；有些当它表示一个整体时，视作单数；当它侧重各个成员时，视作复数，如：family, class, crew等。
例：The crew is large.船员人数很多(指整体)。
The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了(指个体)。
不可数名词的数1．抽象名词具体化。
具有抽象概念的名词可用来表示具体的人和事，这种情况就是抽象名词具体化。
主要类型如下：(1)抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。
►A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.懂英语在国际贸易中是必不可少的。
2．物质名词个体化。
有些物质名词表示数量或种类时，可以用作可数名词。
如：some coffee一些咖啡，a coffee一杯咖啡，three coffees三杯咖啡，his hair他的头发，a few grey hairs几根白发，glass玻璃，a glass一只玻璃杯。
名词所有格1．用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即：表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加–'s或'；表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加–'s或'。
►Tom's and Jim's rooms汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间►Tom and Jim's room汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间2．表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。
►at the barber's在理发店at the teacher's在老师办公室3．“名词＋of＋名词所有格”或“名词＋of＋名词性物主代词”。
►a play of Shakespeare's莎士比亚的一个戏剧►a friend of theirs他们的一个朋友【知识积累】常见的名词后缀：1．具有某种职业或动作的人(1)–an/–ian，表示“……地方的人，精通……的人”。
如：American美国人，historian历史学家，politician政治家；政客，Asian亚洲人，African非洲人，Italian意大利人，physician内科医生。
(2)–ant，表示“……的人”。
如：servant佣人，applicant应征者，assistant助手。
(3)–ar，表示“……者”。
如：scholar学者，liar说谎者。
(4)–ee，表示“动作承受者”。
如：employee雇员，interviewee被面试者，examinee 应试人，trainee受训者。
(5)–eer，表示“从事……的人”。
如：engineer工程师，volunteer志愿者。
(6)–er，表示“从事某种职业的人，某地区、地方的人”。
如：observer观察者，villager 村民，banker银行家，Londoner伦敦人，worker工人，performer表演者，manager经理，teacher老师。
(7)–ese，表示“……国人，……地方的人”。
如：Japanese日本人，Chinese中国人，Cantonese广东人。
(8)–ess，表示“女称名词”。
如：actress女演员，hostess女主人。
(9)–ist，表示“从事……研究者，信仰……主义者”。
如：pianist钢琴家，communist 共产主义者，dentist牙医，artist艺术家。
(10)–or，表示“……者”。
如：author作者，doctor医生，operator操作员；电话接线员，director导演，survivor幸存者，instructor指导者。
2．具有抽象名词的含义(1)–acy，表示“性质，状态”。
如：accuracy精确，privacy隐私，literacy读写能力，adequacy足够。
(2)–age，表示“状态，行为，身份及其结果”。
如：shortage短缺，storage储存，marriage 婚姻，courage勇气。
(3)–al，表示“事物的动作，过程”。
如：refusal拒绝，arrival到达，survival存活，approval批准，proposal提议。
(4)–ance/–ence，表示“性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度”。
如：importance重要，diligence勤奋，difference区别，convenience方便。
(5)–ancy/–ency，表示“性质，状态，行为，过程”。
如：frequency频率，urgency迫切，efficiency效率，tendency趋势，vacancy空缺。
(6)–bility，表示“性质，状态”。
如：ability能力，disability残疾，possibility可能性，probability可能性。
(7)–dom，表示“等级，领域，状态”。
如：freedom自由，kingdom国王，wisdom智慧。
(8)–ion/–sion/–tion/–ation/–ition，表示“行为的过程，结果，状况”。
如：action行动，solution解决方案，conclusion结论，destruction毁坏，expression表达，correction改正，impression印象，translation翻译，competition竞赛。
(9)–ment，表示“行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果”。
如：treatment对待；治疗，movement 运动，judgement判断。
(10)–ness，表示“性质，状态，程度”。
如：goodness善良，kindness仁慈，tiredness 厌倦，friendliness友好。
(11)–ship，表示“情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业”。
如：hardship困苦，membership 成员，friendship友谊，leadership领导。
(12)–th，表示“动作，性质，过程，状态”。
如：depth深度，wealth财富，truth真理，length长度，growth成长，strength力气；长处。
(13)–ure，表示“行为，结果”。
如：exposure暴露，pressure压力，failure失败。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．My interest came from my father who was a photographer; he had a lot of equipment(equip) lying around in the darkroom.解析句意：我的兴趣源于我的摄影师父亲，他在暗房里摆放了很多仪器。
equip的名词是不可数的。
2．The doctor told Mary that too much exposure(expose) to the sun is bad for the skin.解析句意：医生告诉玛丽在阳光下暴露太久对皮肤不好。
too much修饰不可数名词。
3．Not having been given a written permission(permit), he had to write another letter to the president of the university.解析句意：因为没有得到书面许可，他不得不给这所大学的校长再写一封信。
