初二八年级英语动词不定式的用法短语动词的用法 学案

初二八年级英语动词不定式学案一、动词不定式的用法【教材原句】I’d like to help homeless people. 我想帮助无家可归的人。

She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read.她志愿一周一次去那儿帮助孩子们学习读书。

【概念】动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，又叫非谓语动词，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语；它由“to+动词原形”构成；不定式可以有自己的宾语和状语，还可以带疑问词和由for引出其逻辑主语等形成动词不定式短语。

【用法】不定式或不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等句子成分。

1. 动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。

如要说明动作的执行者，可在不定式前加for引导的短语；但如果表语是nice, kind, clever等描述动作执行者的性格、品质的形容词时，则应在不定式前加of引导的短语。

常用句型:It +be + adj./n.+ for sb. to do sth.It + be + adj. + of sb. to do sth.【例句】It is bad to smoke. 吸烟不好。

It is nice of you to help me. 你帮助我，真好。

【考题链接】__________ is difficult to work out the maths problem.A. ThisB. ThatC. ItD. Its2. 动词不定式作表语动词不定式常在wish, hope, dream等后作表语。

【例句】His dream is to become an actor. 他的梦想是当一名演员。

【考题链接】Their wish is __________ a nice house.A. ownB. owningC. ownsD. to own3. 动词不定式作宾语一些动词，如want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare,等，常接动词不定式作宾语。

当动词不定式作宾语时，如果后接宾语补足语，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后。

应注意有些动词后面可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，但所表达的意义不同。

常见的有：（1）stop to do sth.停止正在做的事，去做另一件事；stop doing sth. .停止正在做的事（2）go on to do sth. 做完一件事后，继续做另一件事；go on doing sth.继续做同一件事（3）remember/forget to do sth.记住／忘记去做某事；remember/forget doing sth. 记得／忘记做过某事。

【例句】I like to work with her. 我喜欢和她在一起工作。

He stopped to talk to me when we met in the street. 我们在路上遇到，他停下来和我说话。

Stop talking! Class begins. 不要说话了。

上课了。

【考题链接】We found it difficult ____________ to the top of the mountain.A. getB. to getC. gettingD. to getting4. 动词不定式作定语动词不定式作后置定语时，与被修饰的词逻辑上有动宾关系。

如果动词不定式是不及物动词时，则要带上与之搭配的介词，构成及物动词短语。

动词不定式作后置定语常用于“have/has ＋某事＋to do”或“enough＋名词＋to do”“It’s time to do sth.”等结构中。

【例句】I want to have something to eat. 我想吃点东西。

【考题链接】They have no paper_____________.A. to writeB. to write withC. write on D . to write on5. 动词不定式作宾语补足语有些动词，如tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。

应注意动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to，在被动语态中应加上to。

这些动词可归纳为“一感（feel），二听（listen to, hear），三让（let, make, have），四看（look at, see, watch, notice），半帮助（help）（即在动词help后面作宾语补足语时，to可有可无）”。

【例句】Please tell him to do it. 请让他去做这事。

My brother often helps me （to）do the housework. 我哥哥经常帮助我做家务。

【考题链接】Let him __________ a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk.A. hasB. haveC. to haveD. having6. 动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。

为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order或so as。

常用结构有too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。

【例句】She is too young to look after herself. 她太小不能照顾自己。

【考题链接】___________ English well, one must have a lot of practice.A. SpeaksB. To speakC. SpokenD. Speak7. 动词不定式可与疑问词连用动词不定式可与疑问词what, which, where, when, how等连用。

【例句】I don’t know what to do. 我不知道做什么。

【考题链接】_____________the computer is a problem.A. How to useB. What to useC. Where to useD. Which to use8. 动词不定式的否定式：not to + 动词原形。

【例句】The teacher asked us not to talk in class. 老师让我们在课堂上不讲话。

【考题链接】His mother told him _____________ in bed.A. don’t readB. read notC. to not readD. not to read【即学即练】1. The teacher asked us _________so much noise.A . don’t make B. not make C. not making D . not to make2. Her brother decided __________ a new bike.A. buyB. buyingC. boughtD. to buy3. We made him__________ five hours a day.A. workB. to workC. workingD. worked4. Do you have anything __________ for yourself?A. sayB. to sayC. sayingD. said二、短语动词【概念】英语中，有许多动词和介词或副词一起连用，构成一个固定词组，可看成一个整体，同一般实义动词一样使用，这类词组称为短语动词。

【用法】1. 动词+介词型，宾语只能放在介词后面。

常用的短语动词有：look for 寻找；look after 照顾；照料；wait for等待；deal with处理；take after与……相像；hear of听说等。

【例句】I’m looking for my keys. 我正在寻找我的钥匙。

【考题链接】Since the villagers’houses have been damaged in the earthquake, the soldiers are helping them __________ tents.A. put onB. put offC. put upD. put down2. 动词+副词型，宾语若是名词，名词放在副词的前后均可；宾语若是代词，代词需要放在副词之前。

常用的短语动词有：cheer up使高兴起来；clean up打扫干净；put up举起；张贴；搭建；cut up切碎；work out制定出等。

【例句】We should cheer her up. 我们应该使她高兴起来。

【考题链接】Smoking is bad for your health. You’d better ___________.A. give up itB. give it upC. take out itD. take it out3. 动词+副词+介词型，宾语只能放在介词后。

常用的短语动词有：come up with 想出；提出；run out of用光；耗尽；look forward to盼望；catch up with赶上等。

【例句】At last he came up with a good idea.最后他想出了一个好办法。

【考题链接】Can I borrow some money from you? I____________ mine yesterday.A. came up withB. looked forward toC. ran out ofD. ran out【例句】He often takes care of his old father. 他经常照顾他的老父亲。

【考题链接】My mother was ill. I had to ___________ at home.A. take care of herB. take her care ofC. take care herD. take care her of5. 系动词+形容词+介词型，宾语只能放在介词后。