八年级英语动词不定式用法梳理动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构;有些动词不定式不带to,动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用;不定式保留动词的某些特性,可以有自己的宾语、状语等;动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语,叫作不定式短语;一、用作主语多数情况用it作形式主语,把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时;动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;疑问词+不定式短语作主语可置于句首,复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末;如：1. I t is our duty to try our best to deal with these problems. head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. to learn English well is important.see is to believe.眼见为实；百闻不如一见二、用作表语动词不定式作表语,常说明主语的内容、性质、特征;如： best way is to join an English club.first thing is to listen to the teacher carefully.三、用作宾语1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择同意ask, choose, agree,期望决定学习expect, hope, decide, learn,宁可假装知道prefer, pretend, know,希望想要愿意wish, want, would like / love;如：1We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. 2He prefers to eat white bread and rice.3Id love to visit Mexico.2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...,介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语,但why后面的不定式不带to;如：1Could you please tell me where to park my car2It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations.3.动词feel, find, make, think等后面,可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式,句子结构是...feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...;如：4. 感知动词like, love, know等一般不用进行时态;5.后接动词不定式或ving形式作宾语,意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等;后接不定式作宾语,表动作尚未发生；后接ving形式作宾语,表动作已经发生;stop to do停下来做另外一件事,to do是目的状语；stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事,doing 是宾语;try to do尽力做,try doing试试看；go on to do接着做另外的事,go on doing继续做原来的事;如：1When I left home, I forgot to bring it with me.2I stopped using them last year.四、用作定语1.句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语,不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系.1I have so many clothes to wash today.2I can’t think of any good advice to give her.3We have no houses to live in.2.动词不定式所修饰的名词是place, time, way等时,不定式与这些名词呈现出动状关系或同位关系;如：1He needs time to do homework.2 He wants to know the best way to travel around the city.3.在“there be...”句型里,句子的主语是动词不定式动作的对象：1There’s just so much to see and do here.2... but there are still many things to do the五、用作宾语补足语1.带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有：要求允许提议ask, allow, , advise,期望邀请鼓励expect, , invite, encourage,教导告诉想要teach, tell, want,等待希望愿意wait for, wish, would like / love;如：1Id invite her to have dinner at my house.2 We should allow the children to choose their own clothes.2.动词不定式作补语,在主动语态句里不带to,被动语态句里带to时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词,包括四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch,三“让”：have, let, make,二“听”：hear, listen to,一“感觉”：feel,一“注意”：notice;如：1This picture makes me feel excited2We saw Liu Yu play baseball last week.后接动词不定式作补语,to可带可不带;1 they can help you to learn English.2Using email English helps you write quickly.六、用作状语1.目的状语,置于句首或句末,置于句首时常表示强调;如：1In order to catch the early bus, she got up very early.2A group of young people got together to discuss this question.3She came to this city to visit her daughter.2.原因状语,多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do...”结构句中;如：1 I feel very lucky to have him.2 he ran out of money to buy old bikes.3.结果状语,多见于“too...to”,“enough to...”结构句中;如：1 I’m too tired to do it well.2The room is big enough for three people to live in.七、动词不定式的复合结构动词不定式的复合结构是“for / of sb. to do sth.”,for / of引出不定式动作的逻辑主语;这种结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等;不定式复合结构的介词用for还是of,主要决定于前面形容词的性质;一般说来,of前面的形容词是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等,既说明人的特性,又说明不定式动作的特性;for前面的形容词是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等,一般说明不定式动作的特性,前面如果是名词用for;如：’s a good idea for parents to allow children to study in groups during the evening.’s wise of him to do it well.3Is it interesting for the baby to play with a pet dog 八、带疑问词的不定式短语动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where, why等;这种结构起名词的作用,在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等,或者单独使用;要注意的是,why后面的不定式不带to;如：1.用作句子的成分;1I don’t know what to try next. 作宾语2Where to go is not decided yet.作主语2.单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句;1What to do next=What will we / you do next2Why go there=Why do we / you go there九、动词不定式的否定式不定式的否定式是not / never to do...,不带to的不定式的否定式是not / never do...如：decide not to talk to each other.parents tell him never to play soccer in the street.随堂练习一动词填空;’m going to l isten to the radio. Please ____not talkany more. 2. The students ____dotheir homework from four to five this afternoon.3. The students ____bebusy now. They ____havean English exam next Monday.4. Mary must ____lookafter her little sister because she is too young.5. ____heyou waiting for a bus now6. This coat is very cheap. I ____takeit now.7. I’ll tell him about it when he ____comeback.8. Could you tell me ____can getto No 3 Middle school.9. He ____ said that the new teacher ____givethe students an English lesson now.10. I ____milka cow three times.11. Edison’s mother ____teachhim herself.12. He ____watchTV once a week.13. Don’t speak loudly. The baby ____sleep.14. I won’t go out ____finishmy homework.15. Could you tell me when the train ____arrive.16. I often hear the sound of children ____readEnglish in the room.asked me ____helphim with his English this evening.18. Their work is ____cleanthe streets.19. Did he enjoy ____workin China.20. We will stay at home if it _____raintomorrow.21. Be quiet The boy ____singan English song.22. _____ you _____ your homework yetstart23. Who ____teachthem English last term.24. There _____bea telephone call for you just now.25. Please keep everything ____clean.26. Peter won’t have a rest until he ____finishhis work.27. I watched TV, so I ____forget_____domy homework.28. When I ____walkalong the river ,I met my friend,Tom.29. When Mother came ,the little girl ____playwith a cat.30. When I was five,I _ __ _getto know the earth ____movearound the sun.31. They _____seea boy _____fallinto the river while they ____passit yesterday.32. _____studyhard at your lessons andnot talkin class.33. You _____havebetter _____not eatthe bad food.34. While I ___do my homework,my parents __watchTV.35. He ____ not finish____readthe book.36. I ____getup very early this morning. I ____readEnglish now.37. He ____hurryto school every morning.38. Our teacher ____not stop____workuntil eleven o’clock last night.39. If he ____knowit ,he ____bevery happy.40. It ____takeus half an hour ____readEnglish every day.41. The children ____runin the street now.42. There ____betwo meetings tomorrow morning.43. My father ____sleepwhen I ____getup this morning.44. When I ____goto see Tom, he ____not writeanything.45. Sorry, when you ____callme, I ____thinkand ____not hearyou.46. Mr. Green ____leavehis notebook at home yesterday.47. I ____wantto buy a new coat next Sunday.48. His father ____readnewspaper when I got there.49. It ____befive years since he ____buythe motorbike.50. We found it was very difficult ____geta car.are so glad ________ hear the news.saw him ________ cross the road safely and ________ run away. can’t make him ________ do what you want.don’t know where ________ meet him.makes you ________ think I’m a farmeryou see him ________ go upstairsis better ________ put your money in a bank.is difficult for the boy ________ swim across the river.let him ________ go early as he wanted ________ meet his uncle at the station.you help me ________ move the bedhe doesn’t know, how ________ use the recorder, you’d better ________ show him.is the last one ________ leave the office every day.’s bad manners ________ shout in public.boy is old enough ________ dress himself.is too ill ________ go to school.二选择题1. Tell him ___ the window.A. to close notB. not to closeC. to not closeD. not close2. Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.A. learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learning3. You'd better _______the story in Japanese.A. sayB. speakC. tellD. talk4. The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.A. to eat notB. eating notC. not to eatD. not eating5. ---- I usually go there by train.---- Why not ___ by boat for a changeA. to try goingB. trying to goC. to try and goD. try going6. There are some books on the floor, would you like ________A. to pick them upB. to pick up themC. pick it upD. pick up it7. She is very ill, let's _______a doctor at once.A. to wake upB. send forC. to pay forD. pay for8. I want ________a teacher when I grow up.A. to beB. toC. beD. being9. It's cold here. You'd better ______ your coat.A. not take outB. not to take downC. not take offD. not to take away10. My mother told me ________more water.A. drinkingB. drankC. to drinkD. drink。
