2013年职称英语考试理工类A级试题及参考答案

2013年职称英语理工A必考题(30分必得)(2012年考92分经验)阅读理解：5*3=15分(考卷中5个题目，其中2-3个与该文题目相似，其余2-3题来自文章，所以考生须理解该文大意。

)教材第四十八篇Researchers Discover Why Humans Began W alking UprightMost of us walk and carry items in our hands every day. These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us don't question. But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW's Columbian College of Arts and Sciences have discovered that human walking upright , may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce,high-quality resources. The team of researchers from the U. S.,England,Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modern-day chimpanzees as they competed for food resources, in an effort to understand what ecologieal settings would lead a large ape - one that resembles the 6 million-year old ancestor we shared in common with living chimpanzees - to walk on two legs."These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs, "said Dr. Richmond.The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize a resource. Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands.Over time,intense bursts of bipedal activity may have led to anatomical changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where competition for food or other resources was strong. Two studies were conducted by the team in Guinea, The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto University's " outdoor laboratory" in a natural clearing in Bossou Forest. Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut—the oil palm nut,which is naturally widely available,and the coula nut,which is not.The chimpanzees" behavior was monitored in three situations : (a) when only oil palm nuts were available ,(b) when a small number of coula nuts were available, and (c) wbem coula nuts were tbe majority available resource.When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers, the chimpanzees transported more at one time. Similarly, when coula nuts were the majority resource, the chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether. The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.In such high-competition settings, the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two legs increased by a factor of four. Not only was it obvious that bipedal movementallowed them to carry more of this precious resource ,but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by using everything available - even their mouths.The second study , by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brookes University" was a 14-month study of Bossou chimpanzees crop-raiding, a situation in which they have to compete for rate and unpredictable resources. Here ,35 percent of the chimpanzees' activity involved some sort of bipedal movement,and once again , this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.词汇：scarce adj. 缺乏的，不足的;稀有的bipedal adj. 二足的chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩anatomical adj. 解剖的ape n. 无尾猿；类人猿coula nuts( coula 也可写作cola 或kola) 可乐果注释：1.GW’s Columbian College of Arts and Sciences ：乔治·华盛顿大学哥伦比亚艺术与科学学院。

2013职称英语考试答案2013年职称英语真题答案(综合类、理工类、卫生类仅供参考) 2013年职称英语考试落下帷幕，笔者及时整理了2013年职称英语真题答案（A级、B级、C级），由于时间仓促，有不对请指证，相互学习。

预祝大家取得好成绩！2013年职称英语综合类A级答案： 1 Mary has blended... A mixed 2 They agreed to... B change 3 The economy continued...C show 4 A notably short...C remarkably 5 The dentist has...A take ou 6 It is absurd ...A ridiculous 7 A lot of people ... B polluted 8 The room.... C dark 9 The index is the...A measure 10 It’s prudent ...B sensible 11 He is renowned...D well-known 12 You have to be patient ...A maintain 13 She stood there... D shaking 14 Medical facilities ...C improved 15 Mary looked...D exhausted 16 Japan has...A Right 17 Russia was...A Right 18 All African countries...B Wrong 19 The Soviet Union...B Wrong 20 Australia is one...C Not mentioned 21 China did ...A Right 22 Many high ...C Not mentioned 23 Paragraph 2 B Inte2013年职称英语考试综合类B级答案(代码23)：1-20 题21423，22132　，22113　，44112，　21-40题　23561　，52146，23122　，23144　，41-65 题　24211　，65214，22114，33241　，214222013职称英语考试综合类C级答案(代码33)1-15 BDADB CADBA BDCAA 16-22 ABBCA AC 23-30 AFCAC BEC 31-45 BDACA BBADC BADBC 46-50 CDBFA 51-65 ABDCC CABCD CADCA2013职称英语考试理工类A级答案(代码13)：6-10 AACAB11-15 CADBB 16-20 CABBC 21-25 AACFE 26-30 ABCDE 31-35 DDABC 36-40 BADCC 41-45 BACBC 46-50 AFEDB 51-55 ABDDC 56-60 DBADC 61-65 DCBBA2013职称英语考试理工类B级答案(代码22) 1-10 32323 34434 11-20 12331 13213 21-30 31526 35264 31-40 12434 42312 41-50 33124 64314 51-60 32132 41234 61-65 211412013年职称英语考试卫生类A级答案：1.many... claims.答案doubtful 2.the ..... town. cautious 3. rumors.....problems spread 4.the..... years undamage 5.the .....members rejected 7.she......wedding wiped 8. w fundamental 9. the.....soon end 10. the .....lead polluted e....down break 14 this.... destroyed turned dead 15. they.....problem importance 2013职称英语卫生类B级考试答案：16.paul.... cultures. not mentioned 17. wkman...results right 18.Americans....guines not mentioned 19.ekman........everywhere right 20.Two.....thing right 21.fear......change nor mentioned 22 people....other right 23.paregraph1. E description... 24.paragreph2. C necessity... 25.paragraph3. D research... 26.paragraph4. F factors.. 27.Techniques.... F improve.. 28there.... B show.. 29.the .... D affect.. 30.the .... E be specially...。

2013年职称英语考试理工类A 级-阅读理解练习题及答案DD The volcanoes will come to life.42 Which of the following statements about Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun is true?A They were formed in 1984.B They are at the top of two active volcanoes.C They are not like most other crater lakes.D Water in them turns over regularly.43 Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun explode becauseA the gases rise to the top and mix with air.B people from the villages turn over the water.C scientists have put in a computer system.D they have more gases trapped at the bottom than other crater lakes44 A team of scientists hasA erected a pressure-releasing pipe in the lakeB identified the gases at the bottom of the lakeC built a beautiful fountain near the lakesD removed all dangerous gases from the lakes45 What do we learn from the last paragraph?A Scientists are planning to install pipes in all crater lakes.B Scientists still do not know how to prevent gas explosionsC Explosion disasters could be avoided in the futureD Warning systems have been set up in the villages nearby.参考答案：41 B 该题问的是Nyos和Monoun两湖喷发时会出现什么情况?第一段第五句提到，Monoun喷发时有毒气体随之而出。

2013年职称英语等级考试（理工类A级）真题一、词汇选择（本大题15小题．每题1.0分，共15.0分。

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

）第1题The rules are too rigid to allow for human error.A. inflexibleB.generalplexD.direct【正确答案】：A【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】题意：规则太严格，不允许人为误差。

划线词为形容词，意为“严格的，刚性的”。

A项inflexible“不可改变的”，例：Workerslnsisted that the new system was too inflexible.工人们坚持认为新制度过于僵化。

B项意为“一般的，总体的”，例：The figures represent a general decline in employment.这些数字表明了就业率的总体下降。

C项意为“复杂的”，例：This project involves a lot of complex technical problems.这个方案牵涉到许多复杂的技术问题。

D项意为“直接的”，例：All genuine knowledge originates in direct experience. 一切真知都源于直接的经验。

故选A项。

第2题This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.A. turned deadB.passed byC.carried awayD.become extinct【正确答案】：D【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】题意：这个物种几乎要灭绝了，因为它的栖息地正在被破坏。

2013年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类（A级）试题第4部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇On the Trail of the Honey BadgerOn a recent field trip to the Kalahari Desert, a team of researchers learnt a lot more about honey badgers (獾)The team employed a local wildlife expert, Kitso Khama, to help them locate and follow the badgers across the desert. Their main aim was to study the badgers’ movements and behaviour as discreetly (谨慎地）as possible, without frightening them away or causing them to change their natural behaviour. They also planned to trap a few and study them close up before relea sing them. In view of the anima’s reputation, this was something that even Khama was reluctant to do.“The problem with honey badgers Is they are naturally curious animals, especially when they see something new,”he says. “That，combined with their unpredictable nature, can be a dangerous mixture. If they sense you have food, for example, they won’t be shy about coming right up to you for something to eat. They’re actually quite sociable creatures around humans, but as soon as they feel they might be in danger, they can become extremely vicious (凶恶的) Fortunately this is rare, but it does happen. ’’The research confirmed many things that were already known. As expected, honey badgers ate any creatures they could catch and kill. Even poisonous snakes, feared and avoided by most other animals, were not safe from them. The researchers were surprised, however, by the animal’s fondness for local melons, probably because of their high water content. Previously researchers thought that the animal got ail of its liquid requirements from its prey (猎物). The team also learnt that, contrary to previous research findings, the badgers occasionally formed loose family groups. They were also able to confirm certain results from previous research, including the fact that female badgers never socialised with each other.Following some of the male badgers was a challenge, since they can cover large distances in a short space of time. Some hunting territories cover more than 500 square kilometres. Although they seem happy to share these territories with other males, there are occasional fights over an Important food source, and male badgers can be as aggressive towards each other as they are towards other species.As the badgers became accustomed to the presence of people，it gave the team the chance to get up close to them without being the subject of the animals，curiosity —or their sudden aggression. The badgers’ eating patterns, which had been disrupted, returned to normal. It also allowed the team to observe more closely some of the other creatures that form working associations with the honey badger, as these seemed to adopt the badgers’ relaxed attitude when near humans.28 Why did the wildlife experts visit the Kalahari Desert?A To find where honey badgers live.B To observe how honey badgers behave.C To catch some honey badgers for food.D To find out why honey badgers have a bad reputation.29 What does Kitso Khama say about honey badgers?A They show interest in things they are not familiar with.B They are always looking for food.C They do not enjoy human company.D it is common for them to attack people.30 What did the team find out about honey badgers?A There were some creatures they did not eat.B They were afraid of poisonous creatures.C They may get some of the water they needed from fruit.D Female badgers did not mix with male badgers.31 Which of the following is a typical feature of male badgers?A They don't run very quickly.B They hunt over a very large area.C They defend their territory from other badgers.D They are more aggressive than females.32 What happened when honey badgers got used to humans around them?A They lost interest in people.B They became less aggressive towards other creatures.C They started eating more.D Other animals started working with them.第二篇Forecasting MethodsThere are several different methods that can be used to create a forecast. The method a forecaster chooses depends upon the experience of the forecaster, the amount of information available to the forecaster, the level of difficulty that the forecast situation presents, and the degree of accuracy or confidence needed in the forecast.The first of these methods is the persistence method; the simplest way of producing a forecast. The persistence method assumes that the conditions at the time of the forecast will not change. For example, if it is sunny and 87 degrees today, the persistence method predicts that it will be sunny and 87 degrees tomorrow, if two inches of rain fell today, the persistence method would predict two inches of rain for tomorrow. However, if weather conditions change significantly from day to day, the persistence method usually breaks down and is not the best forecasting method to use.The trends method involves determining the speed and direction of movement for fronts, high and low pressure centers, and areas of clouds and precipitation (降水量) Using this information, the forecaster can predict where he or she expects those features to be at some future time. For example, if a storm system is 1,000 miles west of your location and moving to the east at 250 miles per day, using the trends method you would predict it to arrive in your area in 4 days. The trends method works well when systems continue to move at the same speed in the same direction for a long period of time. If they slow down, speed up, change intensity, or change directions, the trends forecast will probably not work as well.The climatology (气候学）method is another simple way of producing a forecast. This method involves averaging weather statistics accumulated over many years to make the forecast. For example, if you were using the climatology method to predict the weather for New York City on July 4th, you would go through all the weather data that has been recorded for every July 4th and take an average. The climatology method only works well when the weather pattern is similar to that expected for the chosen time of year. If the pattern is quite unusual for the given time of year, the climatology method will often fall.The analog method is a slightly more complicated method of producing a forecast. It involves examining today’s forecast scenario (模式）and remembering a day in the past when the weather scenario looked very similar (an analog). The forecaster would predict that the weather in this forecast will behave the same as it did in the past. The analog method is difficult to use because It isvirtually impossible to find a predict analog. Various weather features rarely align themselves in the same locations as they were in the previous time. Even small differences between the current time and the analog can lead to very different results.36 Which of the following factors is NOT mentioned in choosing a forecasting method?A Necessary amount of information.B Creativity of the forecaster.C Degree of difficulty involved in forecasting.D Practical knowledge of the forecaster.37 The persistence method fails to work well whenA it is rainy.B it is sunny.C weather conditions stay stable.D weather conditions change greatly.38 The trends method works well whenA weather features are constant for a long period of time.B weather features are defined well enough.C predictions on precipitation are accurate.D the speed and direction of movement are predicable.39 The analog method should not be used in making a weather forecast whenA the analog looks complicated.B the analog is more than 10 years old.C the current weather scenario is different from the analog.D the current weather scenario is exactly the same as the analog.40 Historical weather data are necessary inA the persistence method and the trends method.B the trends method and the climatology method.C the climatology method and the analog method.D the persistence method and the analog method.第三篇Students Learn Better with Touchscreen DesksObserve the criticisms of nearly any major public education system in the world, and a few of the many complaints are more or less universal. Technology moves faster than the education system. Teachers must teach at the pace of the slowest student rather than the fastest. And - particularly in the United States - school children as a group don’t care much for, or excel（擅长）at, mathematics. So it's heartening to l earn that a new kind of “classroom of the future” shows promise at easing some of these problems, starting with that fundamental piece of classroom furniture: the desk.AUK study involving roughly 400 students, mostly aged 8-10 years, and a new generation of multi-touch, multi-user, computerized desktop surfaces is showing that over the last three years the technology has appreciably boosted students ’ math skills compare d with peers learning the same material via the conventional paper-and-pencil method. How? Through collaboration，mostly, as well as by giving teachers better tools by which to micromanage individual students who need some extra Instruction while allowing the rest of the class to continue moving forward.Traditional instruction still shows respectable efficacy (效力）at increasing students’ fluency in mathematics, essentially through memorization and practice - dull, repetitive practice. But the researchers have concluded that these new touchscreen desks boost both fluency and flexibility - the critical thinking skills that allow students to solve complex problems not simply through knowing formulas and devices，but by being able to figure out what the real problem is and the most effective means of stripping it down and solving It.One reason for this, the researchers say, is the multi-touch aspect of the technology. Students working in the next-gen classroom can work together at the same tabletop, each of them contributing and engaging with the problem as part of a group. Known as SynergyNet, the software uses computervision systems that see in the infrared (红外线的）spectrum to distinguish between different touches on different parts of the surface, allowing students to access and use tools on the screen, move objects and visual aids around on their desktops, and otherwise physically interact with the numbers and information on their screens. By using these screens collaboratively, the researchers say, the students are to some extent teaching themselves as those with a stronger grasp on difficult concepts pull other students forward along with them.41 Which of the following statements is NOT true of the public education system?A It does not catch up with the development of technology.B Some similar complaints about It are heard in different countries.C Teachers pay more attention to fast learners than slow learners.D Many students are not good at learning mathematics.42 What has been found after the new tech is employed?A Students become less active in learning mathematics.B Teachers are able to give individualized attention to students in need.C Students show preference to the conventional paper-and-pencil method.D The gap between slow learners and fast learners gets more noticeable.43 What is the benefit students get from the new tech?A It makes them more fluent in public speech.B It offers them more flexibility in choosing courses.C It Is effective in helping them solve physical problems.D It enables them to develop critical thinking ability.44 What happens when students are using the desktop of the new tech?A Every student has an individual tabletop.B The multi-touch function stimulates students.C The software installed automatically identifies different users.D Students use different tools to interact with each other.45 How does the new tech work to improve students, mathematical learning?A It enables them to work together.B It helps fast learners to learn faster.C It makes teachers’ instruction unnecessary.D It allows the whole class to learn at the same pace.。

2013年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类（A级）试题第5部分：补全短文 (第46~50题，每题2分，共10分）下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

Toads are Arthritic and in PainArthritis (关节炎）is an Illness that can cause pain and swelling in your bones. Toads (蟾蜍），a big problem In the north of Australia, are suffering from painful arthritis in their legs and backbone, a new study has shown. The toads that jump the fastest are more likely to be larger and to have longer legs.___ (46)The large yellow toads, native to South and Central America, were introduced into the north-eastern Australian state of Queensland in 1935 In an attempt to stop beetles and other Insects from destroying sugarcane crops. Now up to 200 million of the poisonous toads exist in the country, and they are rapidly spreading through the state of Northern Territory at a rate of up to 60 km a year. The toads can now be found across more than one million square kilometres. ___ (47) A Venezuelan poison virus was tried in the 1990s but had to be abandoned after it was found to also kill native frog species.The toads have severely affected ecosystems in Australia. Animals, and sometimes pets, that eat the toads die immediately from their poison, and the toads themselves eat anything they can fit inside their mouth. ___ (48)A co-author of the new study, Rick Shine, a professor at the University of Sydney, says that little attention has been given to the problems that toads face. Rick and his colleagues studied nearly 500 toads from Queensland and the Northern Territory and found that those in the latter state were very different. They were active, sprinting down roads and breeding quickly.According to the results of the study, the fastest toads travel nearly one kilometer a night. ___ (49) But speed and strength come at a price — arthritis of the legs and backbone due to constant pressure placed on them.In laboratory tests, the researchers found that after about 15 minutes of hopping, arthritic toads would travel less distance with each hop (跳跃）. ___ (50) These toads are so programmed to move, apparently, that even when in pain the toads travelled as fast and as far as the healthy ones, continuing their constant march across the landscape.A Furthermore, they soon take over the natural habitats of Australia’s native species.B Toads are not built to be road runners — they are built to sit around ponds and wet areas.C But this advantage also has a big drawback — up to 10% of the biggest toads suffer from arthritis.D But arthritis didn’t slow down toads outside the laboratory, the researchers found.E The task now facing the country is how to remove the toads.F Toads with longer legs move faster and travel longer distances, while the others are being left behind.第6部分：完形填空（第51 ~65题，每题1分，共I5分）下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

职称英语理工类A级真题2013年(总分100, 做题时间120分钟) 1.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:A2.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:D3.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:B4.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:D5.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:A6.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:C7.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:A8.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:C9.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:C10.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:B11.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:C12.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:A13.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:D14.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:B15.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D分值: 1答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN16.A B C分值: 1答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN17.A B C分值: 1答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN18.A B C分值: 1答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN19.A B C分值: 1答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN20.A B C分值: 1答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN21.A B C分值: 1答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN22.A B C分值: 1答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN23.A B C D E F分值: 1答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN24.A B C D E F分值: 1答案:FSSS_SIMPLE_SIN25.A B C D E F分值: 1答案:ESSS_SIMPLE_SIN26.A B C D E F分值: 1答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN27.A B C D E F分值: 1答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN28.A B C D E F分值: 1答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN29.A B C D E F分值: 1答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN30.A B C D E F分值: 1答案:ESSS_SIMPLE_SIN31.A B C D分值: 3答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN32.A B C D分值: 3答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN33.A B C D分值: 3答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN34.A B C D分值: 3答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN35.A B C D分值: 3答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN36.A B C D分值: 3答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN37.A B C D分值: 3答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN38.A B C D分值: 3答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN39.A B C D分值: 3答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN40.A B C D分值: 3答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN41.A B C D E分值: 3答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN42.A B C D分值: 3答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN43.A B C D分值: 3答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN44.A B C D分值: 3答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN45.A B C D分值: 3答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN46.A B C D E F分值: 2答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN47.A B C D E F分值: 2答案:FSSS_SIMPLE_SIN48.A B C D E F分值: 2答案:ESSS_SIMPLE_SIN49.A B C D E F分值: 2答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN50.A B C D E F分值: 2答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN51.A B C D分值: 1答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN52.A B C D分值: 1答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN53.A B C D分值: 1答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN54.A B C D分值: 1答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN55.A B C D分值: 1答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN56.A B C D分值: 1答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN57.A B C D分值: 1答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN58.A B C D分值: 1答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN59.A B C D分值: 1答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN60.A B C D分值: 1答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN61.A B C D分值: 1答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN62.A B C D分值: 1答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN63.A B C D分值: 1答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN64.A B C D分值: 1答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN65.A B C D分值: 1答案:A1。

*第三十一篇 Hurricane Katrina文章名称问题答案Hurricane Katrina31.Hurricane Katrina （理B ） 1) What is the eye of a hurricane? 2)Which of the following is NOT the “requirements ” mentioned inthe second paragraph?3) Which of the following is the best explanation of the word “drive ” in the third paragraph?4) What does the warm air mentioned in the fourth paragraph produce when it is rising from the sea surface?5)What is NOT true of Hurricane Katrina according to the lastparagraph?31.Hurricane Katrina （理B ） 1) A calm central region of low pressure between 12 to 60 miles in diameter.2) The tropical waters are warm and calm.3) To supply the motive force or power and cause to function. 4) Low pressure.5)The humanitarian crisis is as serious as that of the great depression.卡特里娜飓风31. 卡特里娜飓风（理B ） ①飓风眼是指____________。

②飓风形成的要求不包括______________。

2013年职称英语考试理工类A级-阅读理解练习题及答案A Phone That Knows You're BusyIt's a modern problem：you're too busy to be disturbed by incessant(连续不断的)phone calls so you turn your cellphone off .But if you don't remember to turn it back on when you're less busy.you could miss some important calls if only the phone knew when it was wise to interrupt you，you wouldn't have to turn it off at all. Instead，it could let calls through when you are not too busyA bunch of behavior sensors(传感器)and a clever piece of software could do just that，by analyzing your behavior to determine if it's a good time to interrupt you.If built into a phone，the system may decide you're too busy and ask the caller to leave a message or ring back later.James Fogarty and Scott Hudson at Camegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania based their system oil tiny microphones，cameras and touch sensors that reveal body language and activity. First they had to study different behaviors to find out which ones stongly predict whether your mind is interruptedThe potential"busyness"signals they focused on included whether the office doors were left open or closed，the time of day，if other people were with the person in question，how close they were to each other, and whether or not the computer was in use.The sensors monitored these and many other factors while four subjects were at work . At random intervals，the subjects rated how interruptible they were on a scale ranging from"highly interruptible''to"highly not-interruptible" . Their ratings were then correlated with the various behaviors . "It is a shotgun(随意的)approach：we used all the indicators we could think of and then let statistics find out which were important，" says HudsonThe model showed that using the keyboard，and talking on a landline or to someone else in the office correlated most strongly with how interruptible the subjects judged themselves to be.Interestingly，the computer was actually better than people at predicting when someone was too busy to be interrupted . The computer got it right 82 per cent of the time，humans 77 per cent. Fogarty speculates that this might be because people doing the interrupting are inevitably biased towards delivering their message，whereas computers don't care.The first application for Hudson and Fogarty's system is likely to be in an instant messaging system，followed by office phones and cellphones."There is no technological roadblock(障碍) to it being deployed in a couple of years，" says Hudson36 A big problem facing people today is thatA they must tolerate phone disturbances or miss important calls.B they must turn off their phones to keep their homes quiet.C they have to switch from a desktop phone to a cellphone.D they are too busy to make phone calls.37 The behavior sensor and software system built in a phoneA could help store messages.B could send messages instantlyC could tell when it is wise to interrupt you.D could identify important phone calls.38 Scientists at CarnegieMenonUniversity tried to find outA why office doors were often 1eft open.B when it was a good time to turn off the computer.C what questions office workers were bothered with.D which behaviors could tell whether a person was busy39 During the experiment，the subjects were askedA to control the sensors and the camera.B to rate the degrees to which they could be interrupted.C to compare their behaviors with others'.D to analyze all the indicators of interruption.40 The computer performed better than people in the study becauseA the computer worked harder.B the computer was not busyC people tended to be biased.D people were not good at statistics.参考答案：36 A 该题问的是：当今人们面临的一个大的问题是什么?文章第～句就给出了答案：人们太忙了，不能被连续不断的电话骚扰。

博大考神2013年职称英语理工类A级试题--完形填空（附参考答案）作者：博大考神职称英语考试网来源：/En/ 2013年职称英语考试理工类A级真题试题--完形填空参考答案已经出来了，周嵩林老师（ET）、薛琴老师（Sarah）、邱芳老师（Sylvia）等博大考神职称英语考试专家为你在第一时间更新出来！！！【博大考神】第6部分：完形填空（第52~65题，每题1分，共15分）下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems, or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but until now they haven’t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That’s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells, which lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn’t a very efficient way to gather heat.That’s a problem of economics. Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost. And it’s also a space problem: photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof, leaving little room for thermal applications.In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon. His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from Thin Silicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen’s University, Canada.Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon, but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon, commonly known as thin-film silicon. They don’t create as much electricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they require much less silicon, they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately, thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.“That means that their efficiency drops when you expose them to light—pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,” Pearce explains, which is one of the reasonsthin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.However, Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new tyep of PVT. You don’t have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work. In fact, Pearce’s group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures, near the boiling point of water, they could make thicker cells that largely overcame the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy collector, they also found that by baking the cell once a day, they boosted the solar cell’s electrical effic iency by over 10 percent.51. A. unless B. until C. when D. if52. A. which B. what C. that D. who53. A. reward B. bill C. cost D. pay54. A. take B. move C. set D. live55. A. decision B. suggestion C. qualification D. solution56. A. for B. as C. by D. with57. A. retrieve B. require C. merge D. exchange58. A. certainly B. luckily C. unfortunately D. immediately59. A. cover B. expose C. relate D. face60. A. restrictions B. advances C. strengths D. reasons61. A. way B. part C. result D. subject62. A. size B. type C. shape D. brand63. A. area B. place C. point D. extent64. A. promoted B. overcame C. improved D. assessed65. A. defined B. wasted C. lowered D. boosted更多2013年职称英语考试试题与答案：/En/职称英语考试专家周嵩林官方微博：/3063246707/。