2013年职称英语真题综合B(word完整版)

2013年职称英语综合类B级真题及答案(基本完整版)第1部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. Come out，or I’ll bust the door down.A shutB breakC setD beat2. The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.A nakedB blindC cautiousD private3. The rules are too rigid to allow for human error.A generalB inflexibleC complexD direct4. It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already.A rightB unbelievableC obviousD unclear5. These animals migrate south annually in search of food.A exploreB inhabitC preferD travel6. Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.A sendB hearC confirmD spread7. She came across three children sleeping under a bridge.A found by chanceB passed byC took a notice ofD woke up8. I have little information as regards her fitness for the post.A aboutB atC withD from9. As a politician，he knows how to manipulate public opinion.A expressB divideC influenceD voice10. He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company.A taughtB keptC changedD attracted11. He paused，waiting for her to digest the information.A withholdB exchangeC understandD contact12. Make sure the table is securely anchored.A repairedB clearedC bookedD fixed13. She gets aggressive when she is drunk.A offensiveB worriedC sleepyD anxious14. There was something peculiar in the way he smiles.A differentB strangeC wrongD funny15. The contract between the two companies will expire soon.A shortenB endC startD resume第2部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，每题1分，共7分下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2013年职称英语（理工类）B级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词汇选项 2. 阅读判断 3. 概括大意与完成句子 4. 阅读理解 5. 补全短文6. 完形填空词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。

1．Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.A．sendB．hearC．confirmD．spread正确答案：D解析：句意为：关于他的财政问题的谣言开始散布开来。

circulate“传播，流传”，四个选项：send“发送”；hear“听见”；confirm“确定，批准”；spread “散布，传播”。

2．The contract between the two companies will expire soon.A．shortenB．endC．startD．resume正确答案：B解析：句意为：两家公司间的合约即将期满。

expire”期满，终止”，四个选项：shorten“缩短”；end“结束”；start“开始”；resume“恢复，继续”。

3．Come out, or I’ll bust the door down.A．shutB．breakC．setD．beat正确答案：B解析：句意为：出来，否则我就要破门而入了。

bust“弄坏，打破，爆裂”，四个选项：shut“关闭”；break“打破，毁坏”；set“放，竖立”；beat“打，敲”。

4．She gets aggressive when she is drunk.A．offensiveB．worriedC．sleepyD．anxious正确答案：A解析：句意为：当她喝醉之后，就变得具有攻击性。

aggressive“侵略的，好斗的”，四个选项：offensive“攻击性的”；worried“担心的，闷闷不乐的”；sleepy“昏昏欲睡的”；anxious“忧虑的，渴望的”。

1 a branch a division2 abide by stick to3 abided by adhered to4 abnormal unusual5 abrupt sudden6 accelerate step up7 accordingly therefore8 account consideration9 accumulate build up\collect10 achieved attained11 adverse unfavorable12 advisable wise13 allocate distributed\assign14 an abundant a plentiful15 an improved a better16 annoying irritating17 anyhow anyway18 appalling dreadful19 asserted stated firmly20 assess evaluate21 at ease comfortable22 at once immediately23 attend go to24 authentically genuinely25 ban forbid26 barren bare27 blended mixed28 breaks beats29 call phone30 called off cancelled31 capabilities abilities32 capacity volume33 census count34 childish immature35 complete finish36 concise short and clear37 consideration account38 consume use39 content satisfied40 conversation talk41 convictions beliefs42 courteous respectful43 coverage reportage44 credible convincing45 damaging harmful46 deadly fatal47 debating discussing 48 decenthonest\acceptable49 deliberately intentionally50 demolished pulled down51 densely compactly52 depicts describes53 derive stem\obtained54 diligent hardworking55 dimly faintly56 diverse varied57 draft formulate58 duplicated copied59 durable long-lasting60 eligible entitled\qualified61 embodies includes62 eternal everlasting63 eventually finally64 exhaustive extremely thorough65 exhibit show66 expired died67 extinction dying out68 extract take out69 fascinated intrigued70 faulty wrong71 finds fault with criticizes72 follow understand73 framework skeleton74 gangsters violent criminals75 gazing staring76 given up abandoned77 gorgeousmagnificent\beautiful78 grasped took hold of79 hailed acclaimed80 harness utilise81 hazard danger82 heaps piles83 horrify terrify84 identical same85 identify name86 illusion false idea87 immediately at once88 immense enormous89 impact influence90 in conjunction with together91 ingenious original92 insane crazy93 insist demand94 intevitable certain95 intimately closely96 invaluable extremeky useful97 isolated solitary98 lately recently99 lawful legal100 liable likely101 lure attraction102 made up his mind decided103 manual physical104 mighty very strong105 mildly gently106 mock laugh at107 modify change108 motives reasons109 nevertheless however110 notablyparticularly\remarkably111 now and then occasionally 112 obscured prevent113 occasionallu sometimes114 occurred happened115 omitted failed116 operative working117 organizers planners118 orthodox conventional 119 outcome result120 outlook view121 outrageous unacceptable 122 overtook passed123 particularly especially\details 124 permitted allowed125 persists continues126 physician doctor127 postulated assumed128 practically almost\virtually 129 probed explored130 prolonged lengthened131 proposedsuggested\advocated132 provoked elicited133 put across explained134 put up with tolerate135 puzzle mystery136 quit give up137 rarely seldom138 readily willingly 139 regret sorry140 regulate control141 relied on depended on 142 remedy cure143 removed took off144 residents occupants 145 restrain prevent146 safe secure147 scared frightened 148 scattered separated 149 seldom rarely150 sensational exciting 151 settle solved152 shabby unfair153 shine polish154 shocked surprised 155 sketched outlined 156 space room157 speeds velocities 158 spurred encouraged 159 standpoint point of view 160 steadily continuously 161 stroll walk162 subjest topic163 summit top of the mountain164 take out extract165 tender kind166 terminated put an end to 167 tolerate bear168 touching moving169 trembled shook170 try test171 typical characteristic 172 uneasy anxious173 up to now so far174 urged advised175 utterly totally176 vague imprecise 177 vastly greatly178 vigorous healthy179 while although 180 wholly completely 181 widens broadens 182 without bias fairly183 wrecked damaged第二部分阅读判断第一篇Taking Pictures of t he WorldMeet Annie Gri ff iths Belt, a National Geographic photographer.1. Belt has never traveled to England. （Wrong）2. Belt has never traveled to Antarctica. （Right）3. Belt has worked f or a number of magazines. （Not mentioned）4. Petra is a very old city in Jordan.（Right）5. Belt can only connect with English-speakers.（Wrong）6. People can connect with each other in bad weather. （Right）7. Volunteering is one way to begin a photography career.（Right）第二篇―Own‖ your Children’ s Education 1．According to the passage, parents should help their children with their homework．C．Not mentioned2．Y ou should read your child’s textbooks so that you can teach them．B．wrong 3．Children should always take a book with them on the way back f rom school and read it aloud．C．Not mentioned4．If parents show a lot of interest in their children’s study, the children will do better at school．A．right5．It is very important that you let your children know you f eel love and concern f or them．A．right6. Parents must observe classes regularly.C．Not mentioned7. Governmental support also pays a rol e in achieving academic success.C．Not mentioned第三篇TV Game Shows1. TV can make a beggar world-famous overnight.A.Right2.The principle behind―quiz‖or―game‖shows is to put ordinary people on TV to play a game f or prizes and money. B.Wrong3. Prizes and money f or winners are usually provided by TV stars and large companies.C.Not mentioned4. One of the TV personalities, Charles V an Doren, was proved to be cheating by persuading the Show’s producers to give him the answers bef orehand.B.Wrong5.The huge scandal of cheating on TV game shows was not exposed until 40 years later in the movie―Quiz Show‖. B.Wrong6. Nowadays game shows are not treated as seriously as they used to be. A.Right7. Winners of present-day TV game shows no longer get money f rom the shows. B.Wrong第四篇Smoking1). It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous. B.Wrong2). Smoking reduces one’s life expectancy.A.Right3). Smoking may induce lung cancer. A.Right4). There is evidence that smoking is responsible f or breast cancer. C．Not mentioned5). Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers. B.Wrong6). Nicotine is poisonous. A.Right7). Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safe.B.Wrong第五篇Plants.and Mankind1．It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.A. Right2．People cannot survive without plants.A. Right3.Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school.B. Wrong4.Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrialization. B. Wrong5.Today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical knowledge f rom textbooks. B. Wrong6.People living in the Middle East f irst learned to grow plants f or f ood about 10,000years ago.A. Right7.Once mankind began f arming, they no longer had to get f ood f rom many varieties that grew wild. B. Wrong第六篇Brands1. ―Brand‖ is a general term which covers narrower terms such as ―brand name‖, ―brand mark‖, and ―trademark‖. A. Right2. A brand name is intended to impress customers with an attractive and original design while a trademark is intended to do so with a peculiar sound. B. Wrong3. Trademarks are protected by law while brand names are not. B. Wrong4. Some people identif y the brand mark with the trademark. A. Right5. Among various methods of classi f ying brands, the one based on ownership is widely accepted. A. Right6. Penncrest is a national brand. B. Wrong7. When classif ying brands, marketing people tend to employ the categories of―producer-owned‖ and ―middleman owned‖A. Right第七篇Moderate Earthquake Strikes EnglandA moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007，1. During the April 28 earthquake，the whole England was lef t without power. B_Wrong2. The Channel Tunnel was closed f or 10 hours af ter the earthquake occurred. C_ Not mentioned）3. It was reported that one lady had got her head and neck injured，but not seriously. A_ Right4. France and several other European countries sent their medical teams to work side by side with the British doctors. C_ Not mentioned5. The country's strongest earthquake took place in London in 1580. B_ Wrong6. Musson predicted that another earthquake would occur in southeast England sooner or later. A_ Right7. It can be inf erred f rom the passage that England is rarely hit by high magnitude earthquakes. A_ Right 第八篇Easy Learning1．Babies can learn language even in their sleep．A．Right2．An infant can recogni ze a lot of vowels by the time he or she is a year old．C．Not mentioned 3．Finnish vowels are easy to distinguish．C．Not mentioned4．The three vowels mentioned in this article are all Finnish sounds．B．Wrong5．The study shows that the inf ant’s cerebral cortex is working while he is asleep．A．Right6. If an adult wants to learn a language f aster, he Can put a language tape under his pillow·B．Wrong7．Cheour’s f inding is worthless．B．Wrong 第九篇The First Settlement in North America 1．We know f or sure that colonization began at the end of the 15th century．B．Wrong 2．Among the early settlers in South America in the 16th century were Spanish traders．A．right 3．With John Cabot’s arrival at an island off the New England coast in 1497,the British Crown claimed to be the legal owner of North America．B．Wrong4．There were eighteen people on board the Matthew during its voyage tO North America in 1497．A．right5．The f irst attempt made by European people to settle down permanently in North America occurred in the 1580s．A．Right6．The name V irginia was given to North America by Sir Walter Raleigh．A．Right7．The name New England was given to the northern area of North America by the boss of one of the two V irginia companies．C．Not mentioned第十篇The Workers' Role in Management 1. Traditional worker’s showed no interest in management. C. Not mentioned2. In recent years many management specialists have been arguing f or the workers role in managem ent with two major reasons. A. Right3. Since policy decisions are business secrets of af irm, workers should not be inf ormed of them.B. Wrong4. Bef ore closing, a plant should put up a notice and keep it f or 90 days. B. Wrong5. The workers’ participation in management might save a plant f rom closing down. A. Right6. One of the advantages of involving workers in making a decision is that the interpersonal relationship between workers and managers can be improved. C. Not mentioned7. An ef f i cient and productive worker should be rewarded with anything but shares of his plant.B. Wrong*第十一篇Computer MouseThe basic computer mouse is an amazingly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows us to1. Most computer users want to know how the computer mouse works. B_ Wrong2. According to the author，general computer users need not to know how the computer mouse was invented. C_ Not mentioned3. The computer mouse derives its name f rom the cable that goes out its body，which looks like the tail of a mouse. A_ Right4. The key components of a computer mouse are the two LEDs. A_ Right5. When an ordinary computer mouse gef s dirty，it has to be replaced with a new one. B_ Wrong6. The most durable computer mice on sale are the IBM ones. C_ Not mentioned7. The optical mouse is superior to the basic one in that the f ormer has no moving parts. A_ Right 第十二篇Starting a New Tradition Shantelle Davis is a nine-year-old girl in New York.1. Kwanzaa is celebrated at the end of the year.A.Right2. Kwanzaa is a holiday f or Af ri can-Americans.A.Right3. Kwanzaa is a very old holiday. B.Wrong4. People in Af rica celebrate Kwanzaa.C.Not mentioned5. People spend a lot of time with their families during Kwanzaa. A.Right6. Children receive presents at the end of Kwanzaa.A.Right7. Everyone thinks Kwanzaa is an important holiday.B.Wrong第三部分概况大意与完成句子第一篇The Making of a Success Story1 IKEA is the world's largest f urniture ret ailer, and man behind it is Ingvar Kamprad,1. Paragraph 2 ____. C. The origin of IKEA2. Paragraph 3____.D. Specialization in sellingf urniture3. Paragraph 4 ____. B. Success brought by the introduction of showrooms4. Paragraph 5 ____. E. Flat packaging –a f eature of IKEA5. Even when he was only a child, ____. C. Ingvar Kamprad showed interest in and talent f or doing business.6. ____, and years later becam e a big company specialized in manuf acturing and selling of f urniture.A. IKEA began as a small store selling all kinds of cheap things.7. Customers liked the idea of IKEA’s showrooms because ____. E. here they can see and try thef urniture they are going to buy.8. As f lat packaging saves money f or both IKEA and the customers, ____.B. it is highly welcomed by both第二篇The Paper Chase1. "Running a house is lot like running a business." says Stephanie Denton,1. Paragraph 2 ________ A. Find a Place to Work on2. Paragraph 3 __________ E. Get Rid of Unimportant Things3. Paragraph 4 __________ F. Dealing With Bills4. Paragraph 5 __________ C. What Is a Good Filing System5. Stephanie Denton is expert ___________.B. in paper chase6. Y ou can put your f ile cart anywhere you like, on condition ___________. C. that it is easily reached7. Coupons should be thrown away because _______. A. they are useless8. "Mentally f lexible" indicat es the f act __________.D. that dif f erent people have different requirements第三篇English and English Community1. There is no denying that English is a usef ul language.1.Paragraph 2 ___________F. The Def inition of a Speech Community2.Paragraph 3 ___________D. The Composition of the English Community3.Paragraph 4 ________A. The Wide Use of English4.Paragraph 5 ___________C. The Advantages of Learning a Second Language5.Only through the shared language_______. B. cana speech community be f orm ed6. The idea of the national boundaries is of ten different f rom______. A. that of a speech community7. Speakers are classi f ied into two groups_______.D. f or the sake of simplicity8. An understanding of English_______. E. has played an important role in the f ield of education第四篇Alaska1 In 1959 Americans welcom ed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state，symbolizing a change of attitude that hold in 1867，1. Paragraph 3________ F）Land and population2. Paragraph 4_________D）The natives of the land3. Paragraph 5________ C）Transportation problem4. Paragraph 6______ A）Rich resources of the state5. For as long as three months of a year，the sun ________ on the ice-covered land of Alaska.D. shines day and night6. According to statistics，_________ of the total area of Alaska has been used f or farming.E. only a very small percentage7. Alaska was originally part of Russia，but was bought _______. C. by the United States in the 19th century8. Gold did not bring to Alaska as much wealth__________ A. as f ish does第五篇US Signs Global Tobacco Treaty1 The United States has taken the f irst step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world11. Paragraph 1____B)US Signing of the FCTC2. Paragraph2___D)How the FCTC Come into Being3. Paragraph 3_____(A)What the FCTC Demands4. Paragraph4_____E) What the FCTC will bring about5. Signing the FCTC is only the f irst step toward__________.(B)approving it6. Countries that ratif y the FCTC will have to, among other things, __________.(D)restrict smoking in public places7. It is hoped that the FCTC will greatly help to reduce deaths__________.(E)caused by tobacco use 8. Much more countries have signed the FCTC than those that__________.(A)have rati f ied it第六篇How We Form First lmpression1 We all have f irst impression Of someone we just met. But why?1. Paragraph 2_____（D_ Comparing Incoming Sensory Inf ormation Against Memories）2. Paragraph 3_____ （C_ Illustration Of First Impression）3. Paragraph 4_____ （A_Ways Of Departure from Immature and Simplistic Impressions）4. Paragraph 5_____ (E_Threat ening Aspect of First Impressions)5. Sensory inf ormation is one that is perceived through_____. (E_the sights and sounds of the5world)6. Y ou interpret _____ by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain.( D_the meaning of incoming sensory inf ormation)7. The way we stereotype people is a less maturef orm of thinking，which is similar to_____.(C_the immature f orm of thinking of a very young child) 8. We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to_____.(B_the most complex areas of our cortex)第七篇How to Argue with Y our Boss1 Bef ore you argue with your boss, check with the boss’s secretary to determine his mood.1. Paragraph 2________ D. Don’t Go in When Y ou are Angry2. Paragraph 3________ E. Make the Issue Clear3. Paragraph 4________ C. Propose Y our Solution4. Paragraph 5________ B. Put Y ourself in the Boss’s Position5. If you want to ask the boss f or anything, it is important to f ind out f irst________. B. how he is feeling6. It is necessary to make clear to the boss_________D. what you really want to talk to him about7. It is not wise to present the boss with a problem___________ E. without suggesting a way to solve it8. Y ou must be considerate and think of the troubles__________ C. the boss may have第九篇Transport and Trade1 Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods f rom places where they are plenti f ul to places where they are scarce，1. Paragraph 2 _________ B. Importance of transport in trade2. Paragraph 3 _________ A. Higher living standard3. Paragraph 4 _________D. Birth of transport-related industries and trade4. Paragraph 5 _________ E. Role of inf ormation in trade5. The development of modern means of transport _________. C. has greatly promoted trade6. Only when goods can be carried to all parts of the world quickly ___________. D. is it possible to produce on a large scale7. Transport has made it possible f or people to eat whatever f ood they want _________. B. at any time during the year8. In the trade of modern society the transmission of inf orm ation plays as important a role as ________.E. the transport of goods第十篇Washoe Learned Ameri can Sign Language .1 An animal that inf luenced scienti f ic thought has died.1. Paragraph 1▁▁C General Inf ormation about Washoe2. Paragraph 2▁▁B Report about Washoe's Progress in Learning Sign Language3. Paragraph 3▁▁E Debate on Chimps' Intelligence4. Paragraph 4▁▁A Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This Research Nowadays5. Washoe could make signs to communicate----C when she wanted to eat6. Some scientists doubted---- A if the Gardeners' argument was sound7. Washoe taught three younger chimps sign language---- D while she was at a research center in Ellensburg8. The experimenters thought Washoe was intelligent---- E because she could use sign language to ask f or fruits*第十一篇Is There a Way to Keep the Britain's Economy Growing1．In today's knowledge economy，nations survive on the things they do best．1.Paragraph 2___E Gif t of talking2.Paragraph 3___ C Strength of the Creative Economy3.Paragraph 4___ D Weakness of the Creative Economy4.Paragraph 5___ B ―Servant‖ Economy5.Every country has its own way．__．C .to f eed its people6.The British government doesn't seem__．F to worry about the British economy7.The creative industries f ind it dif f icult__．E .to make a prof it8.Many graduates are employed__．B .to do low-skill lobs*第十二篇Intelligence: a Changed V iew1. Intelligence was believed to be a f ixed entity, 1. Paragraph 2 __________ C. Effect of Environment on Intelligence2. Paragraph 4 __________ A. Main Results of Recent Researches3. Paragraph 5 __________ F. A Changed V iew of Intelligence4. Paragraph 6 __________ E. Impact on School Education5.It was once believed __________, and thus we can tell how successf ul he/she will be in the f uture according to his/her intelligence. D. that intelligence was something a baby was born with6.More recent researches has shown that intelligence is only partly inherited _________. F. and partly has to do with a child’s living environment7.It can be inf erred from the passage that a child will _________if he has more opportunities to communicate with others by means of language. B. have a better chance to develop his intelligence8.Children were not just __________, but they can be taught to be more intelligent at school. A. born to be more intelligent or less intelligent6第五部分补全短文第一篇What We Take from and Give to the SeaAs long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take from the ocean, and we give to it.We take f ishes f rom the ocean ― millions of kilograms of f ish, every year, to f eed millions of people. 1We even use their bones f or fertilizer.We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates. 2Along with salt, other minerals are lef t after evaporation Much gold andsilver dri f t dissolved in the waters of the sea, too\ But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gif ts f rom the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. 3Natural sponges become cleaning aids. Seaweed becomes f ood of many ki nds ― even candy, and ice cream ― as well as medicine. Believe it or not, f resh water is another gif t from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water. 4Some of its contents may cause illness .But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed. In the f uture, we will f ind ourselves depending more and more on f resh wat er f rom the sea.The sea gives us f ood, f ertilizer, minerals, water, and other gif ts. What do we give the sea? Garbage. 5We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water that we pour into it. Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea lif e^. Y et as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gif ts more than ever.We are f inally learning that if we destroy our seas, we might also destroy ourselves. Hopef ully, it is not too late.第二篇、Teamwork in TourismGrowing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned^. Government bureaus, trade and travel associations ，carriers and properties^ are all working together to bring about optimum' conditions f or travelers.1Travel operators, specialists in the f ield of planning, sponsor extensive research programs.They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services ，and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and in preparing effective advertising campaigns. They distribute materials to agenci es, such as journals, brochures" and advertising projects. 2They of f er familiarization and workshop tours so that in a short time agents can obtain f irst-hand knowledge of the tours.Tourist counselors give valuable seminars^ to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling. 3In this way agents leam to explain destinations and to suggest dif ferent modes and combinations of travel-planes ，ships ，trains ，motorcoaches, car-rentals, and even car purchases.Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts, considering both the comf ort of the clients and their own prof itable f inancial arrangement.4Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels , and , conversely6 , hotels rely upon agencies , to f ul f ill their contracts and to send them clients.5The same conf idence exists between agencies and carri ers, including car-rent al and sight services. Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers, andagenci es are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together f or greater eff iciency, f ai r pricing and contented customers.第三篇、"Happy Birthday to Y ou"The main problem in discussing American popular culture is also one of its main characteristics: it won't slay American. No matter what it is, whether it is f ilms, f ood and f ashion, music, casual sports or slang, it's soon at home elsewhere in the world^. There are several theories why American popular culture has had this appeal.One theory is that it has been "advertised" and marketed through Am erican f ilms, popular music, and more recently, television. 1But this theory f ails to explain why American f ilms, music, and television programs are so popular in themselves.They are, af ter all, in competition with those produced by other countries.Another theory, probably a more common one, is that American popular culture is internationally associated with something called "The spirit of America".2 This spirit is variously described as being young and f ree, optimistic and conf ident, inf orm al and disrespect f ul.The f inal theory is less complex ：American popular culture is popular because a lot of people in the world like it.Regardless of why it spreads^ ，American popular culture is usually quite rapidly adopted and then adapted in many other countries. 3As a result,7its American origins and roots are of ten quickly f orgotten.Happy Birthday to Y ou", f or instance, is such an everyday song that its source, its American copyright, so to speak 、is not remembered. Black leather jackets worn by many heroes in American movies could be f ound, a generation later, on all those young men who wanted to make this manly-look their own.Two areas where this continuing process is most clearly seen are clothing and music. Some people can still remember a time when T-shirts, jogging clothes, tennis shoes, denim jackets, and blue jeans were not common daily wear everywhere. Only twenty years ago, it was possible to spot an American in Paris by his or her clothes. No longer so: those bright colors, checkered jackets and trousers, hats and socks which were once made f un of in cartoons are back again in Paris as the latest fashion. 4American in origin, inf ormal clothing has become the world's f irst truly universal style.The situation with American popular music is more complex because in the beginning, when it was still clearly American, it was of t en strongly resisted. Jazz was once thought to be a great danger to youth and their morals, and was actually outlawed in several countries. Today, while still showing its rather Ameri can roots ，it has become so well established. Rock ' n，roll and all its variations, country & western music4, all have more or less similar histories. They were f irst resisted, of ten in America as well, as being "low-class," and then as "a danger to our nation's5youth". The BBC, f or example, banned rock and roll until 1962.And then the music became accept ed and was extended and developed, and exported back to the US.第四篇、The First Four MinutesWhen do people decide whether or not they want to become f riends? During their f irst f our minutes together, according to a book by Dr，Leonard Zunin. In his book, "Contact: The f irst f our minutes" ，he of fers this advice to anyone interested in starting new f riendships; " 1Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention f or four minutes. A lot of peopl e's whole lives would change i f they did just that."Y ou may have noticed that the average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met. 2He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if hoping to f ind someone more interesting in another part of the room. If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear f ri endly and self-conf ident. In general, he says, "People like people who like themselves'.，'On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic' realizing that the other peraon has his own needs ，fears, and hopes.Hearing such advi ce, one might say, "But I*m not a friendly, sel f-conf ident person. That's not my nature. It would be dishonest f or me to act that way."3In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us f eel comf ort able about changing our social habits.We can became accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. "It is like getting used to a new car. it may be unf amiliar at f irst, but it goes much better than the old one,"But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-conf idence when we don't actually f eel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr，Zunin, "total honesty" is not always good f or social relationships2，especially during the f irst f ew minutes of cont act. There is a time f or everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best f or the f irst few minutes of contact with a stranger^, That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention f aults one f inds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and impressions.4Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to4relationships with f amily members and f riends. For a husband and wi f e or a parent and child, problems of ten arise during their f irst f our minutes together af ter they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these f irst f ew minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course5in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics.5In his opinion, success in lif e depends mainly on how we get along with other people.That is at least as important as how much we know.8。

2013年职称英语考试综合类B级试题及答案第1部分:词汇选项(第1—15题，每题1分,共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线,请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项.1、She came across three children sleeping under a bridge。

A passed byB took a notice ofC woke upD found by chance答案:D职业培训教育网名师解析：come across是固定搭配，意思是“偶遇，碰巧发现”，因此选择D选项。

pass by “路过"，take a notice of “注意到"，wake up “醒来”。

2、It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already。

A rightB obviousC unbelievableD unclear答案:C职业培训教育网名师解析：incredible 意为“难以置信的"，与 unbelievable 同义。

obvious “明显的",unclear “不明的"。

3、He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company.A attractedB taughtC keptD changed答案：A职业培训教育网名师解析：tempt “吸引,诱惑”,此处为被动态,句子意思为：他被这家公司开出的高额薪水吸引了.A选项符合句义。

4、She gets aggressive when she is drunk。

A worriedB offensiveC sleepyD anxious答案:B职业培训教育网名师解析：aggressive意为“好斗的，富于攻击性的”，与offensive 相近，如：Men tend to be more aggressive than women.男性往往比女性更具有攻击性。

学派网2013年职称英语真题综合(A第1部分:词汇选项(第1-15题,每题1分,共15分下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.A. sendB. hearC. confirmD. spread2. Three world-class tennis players came to contend for this title.A. competeB. argueC. claimD. wish3. The drinking water has become contaminated with lead.A. treatedB. pollutedC. testedD. corrupted4. Many experts remain skeptical about his claims.A. doubtfulB. untouchedC. certainD. silent5. Respect for life is a cardinal principle of the law.A. fundamentalB. moralC. regularD. hard6. They didn’t seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem.A. existenceB. importanceC. causeD. situation7. She shed a few tears at her daughter’s wedding.A. wipedB. producedC. injectedD. removed8. The contract between the two companies will expire soon.A. shortenB. endC. startD. resume9. The rules are too rigid to allow for humane error.A. generalB. complexC. inflexibleD. direct10. The tower remains intact even after two hundred years.A. undamagedB. unknownC. unusualD. unstable11. The methods of communication used during the war were primitive.A. reliableB. effectiveC. alternativeD. simple12. The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.A. nakedB. cautiousC. blindD. private13. The proposal was endorsed by the majority of members.A. rejectedB. submittedC. approvedD. considered14. Come out, or I’ll bust the door down.A. shutB. breakC. setD. beat15. This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.A. turned deadB. passed byC. carried awayD. become extinct第2部分:阅读判断(第16-22题,每题1分,共7分Mau Piailug, Ocean NavigatorMau sailed from Hawaii to Tahiti using traditional methodsIn early 1976, a fisherman, led an expedition in which he sailed a traditional Polynesian boat across 2,500 miles of ocean from Hawaii to Tahiti. The Polynesian V oyaging Society had organized the expedition. Its purpose was to find out if seafarers (海员in the distant past could have found their way from one island to the other without navigational instruments, or whether the islands had been populated by accident. At the time, Mau was the only man alive who knew how to navigate just by observing the stars, the wind and the sea.He had never before sailed to Tahiti, which was a long way to the south. However, he understood how the wind and the sea behave around islands, so he was confident he could find his way. The voyage took him and his crew a month to complete and he did itHis grandfather began the task of teaching him how to navigate when he was still a baby. He showed him pools of water on the beach to teach him how the behaviour of the waves and wind changed in different places. Later, Mau used a circle of stones to memorize the positions of the stars. Each stone was laid out in the sand to represent a star.The voyage proved that Hawaii's first inhabitants came in small boats and navigated by reading the sea and the stars. Mau himself became a keen teacher, passing on his traditional secrets to people of other cultures so that his knowledge would not be lost. He explained the position of the stars to his students, but heallowed them to write things down because he knew they would never be able to remember everything as he had done.16. At the time of his voyage, Mau had unique navigational skills.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. Mau was familiar with the sea around Tahiti.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Mau could not afford a compass or charts.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. Mau learnt navigation skills from his grandfather.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. Mau used stones to memories where the stars were situated in the sky.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. The first inhabitants of Hawaii could read and write.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. Mau expected his students to remember the positions of the stars immediately.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第3部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23-30题,每题1分,共8分下面的短文后有2项测试任务:(1第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个最佳标题;(2第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

2013年职称英语考试综合类B级试题及答案第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1 The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences.A forceB influenceC surpriseD power2 Can you follow the plot?A changeB investigateC writeD understand3 Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.A physicalB mentalC naturalD hard4 In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeedA resultB judgmentC decisionD event5 Norman Blamey is an artist of deep convictions.奢靡化学教案与老百姓的的劳作吃穿作对比化学教案其中描写“乐声之多与市井言语对比”的句子是：“A statementsB beliefsC suggestionsD claims6 Up to now, the work has been easy.A SoB So longC So thatD So far7 The report advocated setting up day training colleges.A supposedB excitedC suggestedD discussed8 Accordingly, a number of other methods have been employedA ThereforeB AfterwardsC HoweverD Furthermore9 The outlook from the top of the mountain is breathtaking.A viewB sightC lookD point10 Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.A tenselyB nearlyC carefullyD closely11 The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A explainedB inventedC consideredD accepted12 He talks tough but has a tender heart.A heavyB strongC kindD wild13 It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.A makingB takingC discussingD expecting14 Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producingA wasteB buyC useD sell15 The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.A functionB abilityC powerD volume第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

2013年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类（B级）试题第1部分：词汇选项(第1 ~ 15题，每题1分’共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1She came across three children sleeping under a bridge.A passed byB took a notice ofC woke upD found by chance2It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already.A rightB obviousC unbelievableD unclear3 He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company.A attractedB taughtC keptD changed4She gets aggressive when she is drunk.A worriedB offensiveC sleepyD anxious5 I have little information as regards her fitness for the post.A atB withC aboutD from6These animals migrate south annually in search of food.A exploreB inhabitC preferD travel7There was something peculiar in the way he smiles.A differentB wrongC strangeD funny8Make sure the table is securely anchored.A repairedB fixedC clearedD booked9As a politician, he knows how to manipulate public opinion.A influenceB expressC divideD voice10 He paused, waiting for her to digest the information.A withholdB exchangeC understandD contact11 The rules are too rigid to allow for human error.A generalB inflexibleC complexD direct12 Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.A sendB hearC confirmD spread13Come out, or I’ll bust the door clown.A breakB shutC setD beat14 The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.A nakedB blindC cautiousD private15 The contract between the two companies will expire soon.A shortenB startC endD resume第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题 1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，清选择B; 如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。