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美国的教育制度：美国的教育制度，整体上可分为四个阶段，那就是：(i)学前教育(pre-school education);(ii)初等教育(elementary education);(iii)中等教育(secondary education);(iv)高等教育(higher education) 。
从学前教育、初等教育到中等教育，都是属于大学前(pre-college)的教育，包括保育学校(nursery school)及幼儿园(kindergarden)、小学、初中(junior high school)及高中(high school)。
1. 美国大学的学位(一)硕士学位（Master' Degree ）：视乎学科的性质来决定是文科硕士(M.A.)或理科硕士(M.S.) ，通常需时两年的时间；亦有一些学校设有公共行政学硕士（Master of Public Administration）、法学硕士(Master of Law)、神学硕士(Master of Divinity)等学位课程。
(二) 工商管理学硕士(M.B.A. 即Master of Business Administration)：由于近年的工商发展迅速，对工商管理人材的需求殷切，为配合市场的需要，攻读M.B.A.学位的人士日渐增多甚至留学生念这课程的人数也急速上升，以满足中国大陆、香港、台湾三地市场经济发展上的需要。
(三) 博士学位（Doctoral Degree）：博士学位课程通常是需要先修毕硕士课程，但亦有例外。
最普遍的博士学位就是哲学博士（Ph.D.,即Doctor in Philosophy），但绝大部分的文、理科博士大都是授予Ph.D.学位，而不单限于哲学这个学科。
通常博士学位课程需要三年或以上的时间，理科时间较短，文科时间大多较长。
博士学位则称为Ed.D.（Doctor in Education）。
(四)法学博士（J.D.）与医学博士（M.D.）：这是美国社会的律师与医生必须具备的专业学位。
美国教育介绍_完整英文版The Education System in the United StatesElementary education in the United States typically begins with kindergarten, which is the first year of formal schooling. Kindergarten is a half-day program that focuses on developing basic academic skills, such as reading, writing, and math, aswell as social and emotional skills. After kindergarten,students progress through five more years of elementary school, covering grades one through five. Elementary school curriculumis designed to provide a well-rounded education, including subjects such as English, math, science, and social studies, as well as physical education and the arts.The U.S. education system is known for its emphasis on individualism and creativity. Students are encouraged to think critically, solve problems, and express their ideas and opinions. The system also promotes diversity and inclusivity, with efforts to provide equal access to education for students of all backgrounds.However, it is important to note that the U.S. education system also faces challenges and disparities. There aresignificant gaps in academic achievement between different demographic groups, and funding for schools varies widely across different states and districts. Efforts are being made toaddress these issues and improve the overall quality of education in the United States.。
美国教育的三级管理制度英语作文1The United States has a distinctive three-level management system in education, which plays a crucial role in shaping the quality and accessibility of educational opportunities for its citizens.At the federal level, the government is responsible for setting broad educational quality standards. It formulates policies that aim to ensure that all students receive a basic level of education that prepares them for future challenges. For instance, it might define certain benchmarks for literacy and numeracy skills that students should achieve.The state governments hold significant power in areas such as curriculum design. They determine the subjects and content that students will study, tailoring it to the specific needs and values of the state. Additionally, they play a leading role in teacher certification, ensuring that educators meet specific standards of knowledge and competence.Local school districts are at the forefront of school resource allocation. They decide how funds are distributed among schools to purchase necessary equipment and materials. They also handle the day-to-day management of teaching, including scheduling classes and organizing extracurricular activities.This three-level system works in tandem to provide a diverse andcomprehensive educational experience. Each level has its unique responsibilities and contributions, collectively striving to offer quality education that meets the diverse needs of students across the nation. The collaboration and balance among the federal, state, and local levels are essential for the continuous improvement and success of the American educational system.2The three-level management system of education in the United States plays a crucial role in shaping the educational landscape of the country. At the federal level, the government provides substantial financial support, which has significantly contributed to promoting educational equity. For instance, it funds educational programs for disadvantaged students, ensuring they have access to quality education. However, there might be inconsistencies in the implementation of policies across different states.The state governments, on the other hand, enjoy flexibility in formulating policies to meet the specific needs of their localities. This adaptability allows for customization based on regional characteristics and priorities. However, it could potentially lead to significant differences in educational standards and opportunities among different states.The local school districts have direct management over educational institutions within their boundaries. They are better positioned to understand and address the needs of the local community. But the resourceallocation could be imbalanced, with some districts having abundant resources while others struggle to meet basic requirements.In conclusion, the three-level management system of education in the United States has its strengths and challenges. A balanced and coordinated approach among the federal, state, and local authorities is essential to optimize the educational system and provide quality education for all students.3The educational management system in the United States is characterized by a three-level administrative structure, which sets it apart from many other countries. In contrast to the centralized educational management model in some European countries, the United States grants more autonomy to states and local communities. For instance, in certain European nations, educational policies and curricula are often dictated by the central government, leaving little room for local variations and adaptations. However, in the United States, states have the authority to formulate their own educational standards and curricula, based on the specific needs and circumstances of their regions.When compared to some Asian countries where local autonomy is relatively limited, the American system provides greater flexibility and innovation at the local level. In these Asian countries, educational decisions are often made at the national level, and local authorities have less say inshaping educational programs. In the United States, local school districts can make decisions regarding teaching methods, resource allocation, and even the selection of textbooks, which allows for a more tailored educational experience for students.This decentralized approach in the United States has both advantages and challenges. On the one hand, it encourages diversity and experimentation, enabling different regions to develop educational models that suit their unique demographics and cultural contexts. It also promotes community engagement and accountability, as local stakeholders have a direct influence on the quality of education. On the other hand, it can lead to disparities in educational quality between different states and districts, as resources and capabilities vary.Overall, the three-level management system of education in the United States offers a distinct framework that emphasizes local autonomy and flexibility, while also presenting ongoing opportunities for improvement and balance to ensure equal educational opportunities for all students.4The three-level management system of education in the United States plays a crucial role in shaping the educational landscape and influencing the learning outcomes and quality of education for students. This system, which typically consists of federal, state, and local levels, has both positiveand negative impacts.In some areas where the system functions effectively, students have witnessed remarkable improvements in their academic achievements. For instance, in states with well-defined educational policies and adequate resource allocation at the state and local levels, schools are equipped with modern facilities and highly qualified teachers. This leads to students having access to a rich and diverse curriculum, and as a result, they perform exceptionally well in standardized tests and are well-prepared for higher education and future careers.However, in other regions where management is not as efficient, the quality of education varies significantly. Insufficient funding at the local level may result in outdated textbooks and limited extracurricular activities. Moreover, a lack of coherent policies between the federal and state levels can cause confusion among educators and hinder the implementation of effective teaching methods. This can have a detrimental effect on students' learning experiences and overall educational attainment.In conclusion, the three-level management system of education in the United States has the potential to provide high-quality education when properly coordinated and implemented. However, it also poses challenges that need to be addressed to ensure that all students receive a fair and excellent education regardless of their geographical location.5The three-level management system of education in the United States has long been an important framework shaping the educational landscape. However, as technology continues to advance and social needs evolve, significant changes are likely on the horizon.One notable trend could be a greater emphasis on personalized education. With the aid of advanced analytics and artificial intelligence, educational institutions may be able to tailor curricula and learning paths to the unique strengths and weaknesses of each student. This would not only enhance learning outcomes but also foster a more engaged and motivated student body.Another potential development is the seamless integration of online education resources. The digital revolution has opened up a world of educational possibilities, allowing students to access high-quality courses and materials from anywhere. This could lead to a more equitable distribution of educational opportunities, breaking down geographical and economic barriers.Furthermore, there might be a shift towards interdisciplinary learning. In a rapidly changing world, the boundaries between traditional subjects are blurring. Encouraging students to draw connections across various fields of knowledge will better prepare them for the complex challenges of the future.In conclusion, the future of the three-level management system of education in the United States appears promising, with a focus on customization, digitalization, and interdisciplinarity. These changes have the potential to revolutionize education and ensure that students are equipped with the skills and knowledge needed to thrive in the 21st century.。
The American school system is a complex and diverse structure thatvaries from state to state and from one school district to another. It encompasses several levels of education, starting from kindergarten to higher education. In this article, we will take a closer look at the American school system, its structure, and key features.1. Early Education: Kindergarten and PreschoolIn the United States, children can start their educational journey atthe age of three or four through kindergarten and preschool programs. These programs focus on developing basic skills such as language, math, and socialization. Kindergarten is often seen as the first formal yearof education in the U.S., and it is widely attended, but not mandatory.2. Primary Education: Grades 1-5Primary education in the U.S. typically spans grades 1 through 5. Students learn foundational skills in subjects like mathematics, reading, writing, science, and social studies. In many cases, teachers are responsible for teaching all subjects within a single classroom, a practice known as "self-contained" or "inclusive" classrooms.3. Intermediate/Middle School Education: Grades 6-8After completing primary education, students move on to intermediate or middle school, which covers grades 6 through 8. This stage of education is characterized by the introduction of more advanced subjects and the development of independent study skills. Middle schools often have a more structured schedule, with different teachers for each subject.4. High School Education: Grades 9-12High school education in the U.S. spans grades 9 through 12 and is a critical period for students' academic and personal development. High schools offer a wide range of courses, including core subjects like English, mathematics, science, and social studies, as well as elective courses in areas such as arts, music, and physical education. Students are expected to take standardized tests, such as the SAT or ACT, to help them gain admission to colleges and universities.5. College and Higher EducationAfter high school, students can pursue higher education at colleges and universities. The U.S. has a diverse range of institutions, from community colleges and technical schools to large research universities. College education typically spans four years and leads to a bachelor's degree. Many students also opt for graduate studies, which can lead to master's and doctoral degrees.Key Features of the American School System:1. Diversity: The U.S. school system is incredibly diverse, with a wide range of educational options available to students.2. Choice: Parents and students have the option to choose schools within their district or even attend schools in other districts through open enrollment or school choice programs.3. Accountability: The American school system emphasizes accountability, with schools and teachers regularly evaluated based on student performance and other factors.4. Private and Public Schools: The U.S. has a mix of private and public schools, with each offering different educational approaches and experiences.5. Special Education: The American school system is designed to accommodate students with disabilities, ensuring they receive the necessary support to succeed academically and socially.In conclusion, the American school system is a complex and dynamic structure that aims to provide students with a well-rounded education. From early childhood to higher education, the system offers a variety of options and opportunities for students to develop their skills and achieve their goals.。
美国教育规章制度英语作文In the United States, education regulations and systems vary from state to state. Each state has its own education department responsible for setting and enforcingeducational standards. These standards cover areas such as curriculum, teacher qualifications, and student assessments.School funding in the United States is primarily the responsibility of the state and local governments. This means that the amount of funding and resources available to schools can vary greatly depending on the location. Some states have higher property taxes, which can result in more funding for schools in those areas.The United States has a system of public education, which is free and available to all students. However, there are also private schools that operate independently and charge tuition. In addition, there are charter schools, which are publicly funded but operate independently of the public school system.Standardized testing is a major part of the education system in the United States. Students are required to take standardized tests at various grade levels to assess their academic progress. These tests are often used to measure school performance and to hold schools and teachers accountable.In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on the importance of early childhood education in the United States. Many states have implemented programs to provide early education opportunities for young children, with the goal of improving school readiness and academic success.The United States also has laws in place to ensure equal access to education for students with disabilities. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) guarantees that students with disabilities receive a free and appropriate public education tailored to their individual needs.In conclusion, the education regulations and systems inthe United States are complex and multifaceted, with a focus on standards, funding, diversity of school options, standardized testing, early childhood education, and support for students with disabilities. These factors all contribute to the diverse and dynamic landscape of education in the United States.。
The System of American Education Abstract: Compared with other big powers in the world, the United Sates of America is a very young country in the history of the world. Its education started too late, but whose development is very rapid. In fact, American educational system plays an important role in this situation. Keyword: American; system; educationThe United States is very strong in education and shoulders huge task of education. To discuss education in the United States is a very complicated problem, because it is a multicultural country. American education is also diverse reflecting on the education, there is no unified national education system in the United States and fifty states have 50 different education system. There is no doubt that mang people pay much attention to the system of American education. The major difference in education system between American and most other countries is that the education of the United States is for everyone in society, not only for a few people. American educational system can be best understood as a kind of social institutions that reflect the basic beliefs and fundamental principles of the nation, rather than simply a kind of skill-training places where students are prepared to get a job.[1] All in all, the system ofAmerican education has its own special features and attract a lot of countries’ attention.I. The History of American educationAs one of the basic contents of social life, education has a close relationship with one nation’s growth. There were many people graduated from Oxford College and Cambridge College between the first English settlers to America in the colonial era of 17th century. It is estimated that there is a college student out of every 40 to 50 families. This immigration of higher education background made them attach great importance to education. And the early immigrants from England needed a kind of culture to help them understand The Bible by themselves because of their devotion to religion. These two factors made the education of America start. Harvard College was founded as early as 1636, only fifteen years after the Pilgrim Fathers had landed in the New World.[2] William Mary university was built in 1639 and Yale university was established in 1701. Before 1776 when America declared independence from Great Britain, eight other colleges came into existence.[3] All these indicate that Americans have shown a great concern for education since early colonial times. Between 1825 and 1850, public education was established in America. All states were built basic education system which was open to all children States and without religious discrimination and the basis of economic conditions. Many public universities and colleges alsoappeared and they enriched the education of America along with a large number of private colleges.II. The S tructure of School SystemThe American education of all types and at all levels join each other in structure and communicate with each other up and down. At any rate, from elementary school through college, Americans hold the belief that everyone deserves a fair and equal opportunity to get a good education, and that part of the responsibility of the government is to make sure that such an opportunity is not denied to any one of them.[4] One of the striking features, differ American education system from other European countries’ education system, call a monorail system. It formed in the second half of the 19th century and can be specifically divided into the bottom-up structure: primary school, secondary school, and then university. "Rail" is the number of class in one grade.The current school system of America education also reflects the feature of the combination of unity and diversity. Due to a thorough system of decentralization in education, America has no unified national educational system.The current system of America education is basically fallen into following parts : elementary education and secondary education for 12 years, 4 years of higher education, and graduate school, the total course of 20 years or so. There are many different kinds of preschool education institutions in America. No matter public or private,it can be roughly divided into nursery school (for children aged 3 ~ 5) and the kindergarten (recruit children aged 4 ~ 6); Elementary education is distributed into public education and private education, which pays attention to develop the potential of children; There are mainly four years, six years to construct and three kinds of three-thirds system in secondary school in America. Its main part is the comprehensive school and its minor part are the general education and vocational and technical education. Besides, there are also separate secondary schools, vocational and technical schools, says middle school and other high school; The lessons of higher education colleges and universities in America are divided into four categories: a two-year college (community college) (tertiary), liberal arts college (four-year college), universities and professional schools.[5]III. The Education ManagementAmerican education management implements the high degree of decentralization. In America, the education management is the responsibility of the state or local government, rather than the federal government. As early as in 1791, the 10th amendment of the constitution of America has been defined, the federal government does not have the permission to manage education and education is charged by the states. The powers of the ministry of education in American federal government are very limited, whose main responsibility is to distribute educationgrants to the states according to the intentions of congress, as well as offer scholarships to American domestic students. The states of America are equipped with the education minister who are in charge of drawing up the state's education policy and lead the subordinate organizations to implement these policies. While according to the state law, all states mostly give the management right of public school to the local school districts, in addition to set up the state board of education and make the basic policy of education’s development. Therefore, the management right of elementary education and secondary education actually belongs to the local school districts and the local public school management system in which the school district plays the leading role ha been established.[6] American universities all have their own characteristics and they are different from the teaching guidelines, professional Settings, test project to small problems such as admission to the TOEFL scores and application fee and so on.IV. The Goals and Purposes of EducationHistorically, the chief aim of education in early times was literacy in order that people might be able to read and write the Bible and laws. When the republic was founded, literacy was still a primary objective, but for the new purpose of fulfilling the obligations of citizenship in the new country. Under the new system, each individual citizen was obligated to vote according to his own opinions andconscience, and to take part in the discussion and decision making at local, state, and national levels. As the nation grew in population and in territory, as its economy expanded, and particularly as the industrial revolution changed the complexity of life and citizenship, education grew in importance and its goals and purposes became more diverse and comprehensive. If the objectives of education in America were to be reduced to a single sentence, it might be summarized as follows: to facilitate the development of each individual to the maximum extent of his or her capability for his or her own benefit and that of society.[7] The education methods of Western countries are close to nature and more closer to the society. In China, the purpose of education is to pass school exams and have a thorough understanding of knowledge while the western students pay more attention to ability of practice and exercise. The study of American students is mainly to explore and develop students' innovative thinking. The advantage of American education is to pay more attention to the students' ability of independent thinking, their way of thinking to the problem and cultivate students' ability of dialectical thinking.This can prepare well for entering the society which attaches importance to the innovative thinking. Its education goal is adapted to the requirements of creating a society with talent intensive.There is no doubt that the eduction system of China and Americais different. The differences are as follows: Firstly, the teaching goal of these two countries’elementary education is different. China's primary education will develop children’s intelligence and the children takes high marks as a primary goal, while in America, its only purpose is to cultivate children’s creativity; Secondly, the attitudes towards performance are different. For Chinese children, a bad report card will make him or her receive pressure from all sides. However, the year-end report cards of students in America are their own private goods. Parents also won't give too much pressure to their children and abilities in their heart are more important than scores; Lastly, there are differences between the two countries in knowledge view. China's education pays attention to the accumulation of knowledge, cultivate the students' respect for knowledge and authority,the inheritance of knowledge and the construction of knowledge system. America’s education attaches much importance to train students' practical use of knowledge, their critical spirit to the knowledge and authority and the expansion and creation of knowledge. These two different ways of education express their different attitude towards knowledge.[8] All in all, education is a cultural phenomenon, different education reflects different cultural connotations. The education method or education system which is suitable for the society of the America maybe not adapt to China's current social education system. what we need is the combination of localization and internationalizationof modern education.References1.王恩铭：《美国文化教程》，上海，复旦大学出版社，2011年4月第1版2.王恩铭：《英语国家概况》，上海，外语教育出版社3.刘燕敏:《素质教育在美国》，黑龙江科学技术出版社，2013年6月4.陈廖娜：《美国教育史概略》，北京；北京广播电视大学学报，2009年第2期（总第51期）5.王英杰：《美国高等教育发展与改革百年回眸》，武汉；高等教育研究，2000年第1期，31-38页6.徐双荣：《美国特许学校面面观》，太原；教学与管理，2000年9月，73-75页。
