信息管理系统-英文文献

Information management system developmentManagement information system, its essence is the informatization implementation of various management thought, therefore, has different management thought, the corresponding is corresponding with the management information system, which makes the various types of management information system emerge in endlessly. Modern management is dependent on the information, with the coming of information age, information collection, transmission, processing has become a major social activities. In various areas of business and daily life, people have to spend a lot of time and energy to search, collect and organize information, the development of computer technology provides effective tools for information processing.Management Information System (Management Information System, MIS for short) is a people-oriented, using computer hardware, software, network communication equipment and other office equipment, Information collection, transmission, processing, storage, update and maintenance, to enterprise strategic competitive advantages and improve the effectiveness and efficiency, for the purpose of supporting enterprise high-level decision, middle control, basic operation of the integrated man-machine System.A complete management information system should include: the auxiliary decision system; Industrial control system (CCS), office automation system (OA) and database, model base, method base, knowledge base, and exchangeinformation with the organs at higher levels and external interfaces. Among them, especially the office automation system (OA) and exchange information with the organs at higher levels and outside is inseparable from the Intranet (Intranet) applications. It can be said that modern enterprise MIS can not live without Intranet, but the establishment of Intranet and must rely on the MIS system structure and the software and hardware environment. Management information system (MIS) mainly includes the information collection, entry, information storage, information transmission, information processing and output of information (information feedback) five functions. It put the modernization of information tools, electronic computer, the data communication equipment and technology management department, through the communication network, information processing center of different regions in sharing network of resources such as hardware, software, data and communications equipment, speed up the flow of information, decision making for managers in a timely manner to provide accurate and reliable basis. Management information system is the historical development of management information system in the early 70 s the product of "post-industrial economy", at the early stage of its development, enterprise management information system is a single man - machine system, the system function is simple, low efficiency, to the effect of management co., LTD. Enter in the late 1980 s, with the developing of computer network and communication technology, the development of the enterprise management information system into the network era. Worldadvanced developed countries has established a perfect system of management information system. They in the decades of practice has accumulated rich experience of management information system development, the enterprise management has formed a set of effective theory and specifications.The management information system of the great development of our country is in the late 80 s and early '90 s, countries have established a "gold card", "Jin Guan", "golden bridge" project, the majority of enterprises and institutions set up the management information system of LAN and wan. As the world economy and China's economy gradually moving towards the knowledge economy, whether it is a management information system based on industrial economy, there are a few experts and management oriented expert system (ES) or decision support system (SS), its processing object, service object, its system structure and processing power have further development.Management information system of network, globalization, specialization of scientific development, development of network management information system, on the one hand is the need of the development of management system itself, objectively, management information system requirements to achieve organic integration; On the other hand, the development of computer and communication technology, in particular, the combination of the development of the Internet network and management applications has created unprecedented conditions. Trend of network management information system and its importance is obvious. Today's successful companies are dependent onthe ability of the operation of the global network application and development of the enterprise's economic activity is likely to break through the boundaries and become a global activity. Relying on the management information system of the networked enterprise may establish a worldwide sales network, the multinational company, can track the order, delivery, settlement, participate in the competition of the world market. In haier group, for example, more than 10800 kinds of products in the market involve hundreds of countries, tens of thousands of dealers, 50000 outbound product every day, every day more than the average settlement funds of 276 million yuan. For such a complex system, if not for networked management, as long as the one over one thousand link error, can make the enterprise bankruptcy.Management information systems involve economics, management, operations research, statistics, computer science, such as different subjects, is closely related to the interdisciplinary comprehensive cross of a new discipline. Is a worldwide made remarkable development of the discipline. Research and teaching in the field of management information system in China is faced with accelerated development, and the urgent needs and challenges in line with international standards. The wide application of management information system to promote the professional development of management information system, this is the sign of the mature management information system course. Global information is causing profound changes in today's world, reshaping the world political, economic, social, cultural and military development new pattern. Accelerate thedevelopment of information technology, has become the common choice of the world. Informatization development cannot leave the construction of management information system, information only through for effective process management, build a management information system can play its role. The development of global informationization also reflects the globalization of management information system development.Enterprise information management system (EIMS) is the use of modern management ideas and methods, the adoption of the electronic computer, software and network communication technology, to the enterprise management decision in the process of information collection, storage, processing, analysis, to assist the enterprise daily business process until the formulation and optimization of decision scheme, and tracking, supervision, control, adjust the whole management process of the man-machine system.With the acceleration of economic development, the number of small and medium-sized enterprises in our country is becoming more and more competition is increasingly fierce. Due to the increasingly homogenized products, enterprise competition goal from pure product competition to supply chain competition, enterprise concern also from pure sales to expand into, sales and stock of each link. The application of network technology and e-commerce breakthrough the limitations of time and space, to the development of small and medium-sized enterprise to bring more opportunities, but also more increase the intensity of the competition between the enterprises. Using themodern computer information management technology, can improve the utilization rate of funds and settlement speed, reduce inventory, speed up the overall operating efficiency, so that enterprises in the fierce competition in the invincible position.Because enterprise is the profit maximization as the goal of economic organizations, the main purpose of the information resources management is to play to the information society benefit and potential value-added features, to complete the enterprise production, management, sales work, improve the economic benefits of enterprises, but also to improve the social benefits. In general, the main content of enterprise information resource management work include: (1) the management of information resources; (2) the management of the people; (3) the management of the information work.As the global economic integration and the establishment of market economic system and the rapid development of modern information technology, enterprise survival and the fundamental changes have taken place in the internal and external environment of competition, the enterprise information and information management and international standards. Enterprise informationization is, not only the extension of information technology, more important is the extension of enterprise management and organization. The essence of the enterprise information is supported by information technology, managers in time the use of information resources, grasp the market opportunities, to make decisions in a timely manner. Enterprise informatizationnot only should attach importance to technology research, therefore, more should attach great importance to the integration of information resources management, to avoid repetition of information resources, dispersed, waste and low efficiency, so as to realize the sharing of resources. Therefore, the enterprise information resources development and utilization is the core of the enterprise information construction, is also the starting point and the ultimate aim of the enterprise informatization.The role of information management system: 1. Knowledge, ensure that each member can be Shared within the organization. 2. Ensure the timeliness of knowledge acquisition. Information management system solved the cross-regional, across time, across units, access barriers between across different departments and employees, as long as it is on the premise of have permission, knowledge demanders can quickly find all kinds of knowledge they need through the system. 3. Improve organization or individual tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge, and ensure the effective transformation between the two. The emergence of knowledge economy makes the management information system has quickly become the key strategic resource of the enterprise. We put a lot of knowledge, as it were, condensed into the management information system and decision support system. Revolutionary will rely on the management information system of business administration, business process reengineering, management, led by the centralized to decentralized leadership development, customer relationship management, supply chain management, e-commerce, etc.All with the application and development of management information system of the intimate contact. Should see the application of information technology, is essentially make information been fully made use of the information society the dominant resources. Say so: the promotion of information technology is a means, the use of information is the true goal.Conclusion: the management information system development is a high-risk and high-yield of engineering. Put forward rational unified direction is caused by the management information system development has been very low success rate. It is estimated that in the 80 s China enterprise information the success rate of only 20%, this means that a large number of waste and loss of money. For a long time, people from different aspects to solve these problems, mainly from the perfect management system, strengthen the management of data, implement head principle, strengthen personnel training and raise the scientific nature of the development method and so on. Management information system of network greatly increased the possibility of information resources sharing between enterprises and enterprises. It's on, in, the downstream enterprises to establish virtual enterprise to create the conditions. In order to quick response to customers personalized needs development, the enterprise can through the Internet, with the help of other enterprise resources around the world to realize the integrated management.。

Decision models for information systems management Kweku-Muata Osei-Bryson&Ojelanki NgwenyamaPublished online:1May2008#Springer Science+Business Media,LLC20081IntroductionIn the last two decades,information systems(IS)manage-ment decision making has become more complex.Every-day,IS managers in organizations of all over the world manage billions dollars of assets and must make complex decisions that involve information security,outsourcing, disaster recovery,software,hardware and vendor selection, investment strategies,timing the implementation of com-plex software systems(such as enterprise resource planning (ERP)).Inadequate understanding of these decision prob-lems,poor decision analysis,and bad judgment can result in catastrophic outcomes for companies.However,there has been limited research on decision models and frame-works that could assist information technology(IT) managers with these complex decision problems.While there are researchers working in these areas,much of their work appears in journals outside the field of IS.The primary objective of this special issue of Information Systems Frontiers is to focus on providing solutions to significant IS management problems and to provide strategic knowledge for practicing managers.A second objective of this special issue to give impetus to the development of a line of research that would continue to focus attention on providing solutions for the many emerging complex problems that IS managers may face. 2Information systems decision contextInformation systems management decision problems such as information security,outsourcing,disaster recovery, software,hardware and vendor selection,investment strat-egies,timing the implementation of complex software systems(such as ERP)are extremely complex and can adversely impact the performance of the firm.The complexity of these decision problems derive from organi-zation and environmental conditions that include(a) multiple stakeholders with different goals and risk prefer-ences(b)multiple objectives and value trade-offs;(c) competitive environments with risk and uncertainty;and (d)inter dependencies,indefinite time horizons and strategic impacts of decision.Under these conditions decision makers often have difficulties identifying decision alternatives and must be creative and careful in their analysis,as the consequences of poor IS decision making found in the literature show(Lyttinen and Robey1999;Yeo 2002;Ngwenyama et al.2007).When managers face complex IS problems,decision analysis frameworks and methods can be extremely useful when they assist:(1) interrogating the problem domain;(2)structuring decision problems and generating alternatives;(3)analyzing alter-natives and assessing their impacts;(4)determining the preferences of decision makers;(5)evaluating and com-paring decision alternatives,and,analysis of implications. However,while general theories and frameworks exists for decision analysis,the complexity and diversity of IS problems necessitate research and development of frame-Inf Syst Front(2008)10:277–279DOI10.1007/s10796-008-9082-7K.-M.Osei-Bryson(*)The Information Systems Research Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond,V A23284,USAe-mail:KMOsei@O.NgwenyamaInstitute for Research on Technology Management, Ryerson University,Toronto,ON,Canadae-mail:Ojelanki@Ryerson.caworks and models specific to the class of decision problems that IS managers face.3The papersIn this special issue we present eight papers that present a range of approaches and address a wide range of IS decision problems.In general the papers can be classified into two categories,frameworks for decision analysis and decision models.One of the papers presents a conceptual framework;five of the papers present structured decision analysis frameworks,and three present decision-theoretic based models.While all the papers follow the design science paradigm of research,the decision framework papers present empirical cases,and the decision-theoretic papers present demonstrations of analysis using the models.The Samoilenko paper(Information Systems Fitness and Risk in IS Development:Insights and Implications from Chaos and Complex Systems Theories)outlines a framework and principles for analyzing IS fitness and risk based on chaos and complexity theory.Samoilenko approach is more in the tradition of appreciative decision making,where the focus is on ways of thinking to help the decision maker appreciate the problem situation.Aydin and Bakker(Analyzing IT Maintenance Outsourcing Decision from a Knowledge Management Perspective)also follow this tradition but from an empirically grounded perspective outlining a framework for decision analysis of knowledge management issues in IS outsourcing.They focus mainly on strategies for interrogating the problem domain and structur-ing the decision problem.Alaranta and Henningsson(An Approach to Analyzing and Planning Post-Merger IS Integration:Insights from Two Field Studies)outline a framework and approach for post-merger information sys-tems integration planning.Post-merger IS integration is a complex multidimensional problem that is challenging many IS managers.Alaranta and Henningsson discuss the key decisions of the planning process and suggest strategies for approaching them.An important feature of their approach is its grounding in empirical case studies of favorable and unfavorable strategies.The Scheepers and Scheepers(A Process-focused Decision Framework for Analyzing the Business Value Potential of IT Investments)framework focuses on analyzing IT investments from the perspective of business value creation.These authors develop a model for exploring the business value potential of IT at the business process level;a challenging undertaking necessary for cost-benefit analysis.The last of this category is that of Barclay(Towards An Integrated Measurement of IS Project Performance:The Project Performance Scorecard),who presents a framework and approach for evaluating project performance based on existing theoretical models of IS success and the Balanced Scorecard.She focuses on defining dimensions of project measurement that are of interest to different stakeholders and a process for eliciting preferences.The three decision-theoretic papers also vary in topics that they cover.Like Barclay,Plaza(Team Performance and Information System Implementation Application of the Progress Curve to the Earned Value Method in an Information System Project)is concerned with IS project performance but comes to the issue from a different perspective.Plaza is interested in predicting implementa-tion times(and cost)for large scale IS projects and proposes a decision model based on the earned value method and the learning curve.Rao and Osei-Bryson(An Approach for Incorporating Quality-Based Cost–Benefit Analysis in Data Warehouse Design)focus on an aspect of data warehouse design where the major concern is the determination of the data that are to be produced and stored in the data warehouse.They present a cost-benefit model that incorporates quality issues in data warehouse design. Finally Turetken(Is Your Back-Up IT Infrastructure in a Safe Location?)presents a multi-criteria decision model for location of the IT infrastructure for business continuity planning.4Contribution of this issueThis issue of ISF makes a contribution to theory and practice of IS management from the following perspectives:(1)The papers present frameworks and models that have immediate application to various classes of IS decision problems.(2) The papers present possibilities for further research into decision models for the problems that the authors have addressed.However,this research can evolve along different lines:(a)the development of decision support systems for the addressed problems;(b)other approaches or techniques that might be applicable for extending the breadth and depth of the current approaches;(c)alternative approaches can be proposed for the set of problems and comparative analysis can be conducted.We wish to express our appreciation to all the authors who submitted papers.We also wish to express our gratitude to all the reviewers who diligently reviewed the papers in order to ensure that that there was appropriate quality and fit. ReferencesLyytinen,K.,&Robey,D.(1999).Learning failure in information systems rmation Systems Journal,9,85–101. Ngwenyama,O.,Guergachi,A.,&McLaren,T.(2007).Using the learning curve to maximize IT productivity:A decision analysismodel for timing software upgrades.International Journal of Production Economics,1005,524–535.Yeo,K.(2002).Critical failure factors in information systems projects.International Journal of Project Management,20,241–246. Kweku-Muata Osei-Bryson is Professor of Information Systems at Virginia Commonwealth University.He has also worked as an Information Systems practitioner in industry and government.He holds a Ph.D.in Applied Mathematics(Management Science& Information Systems)from the University of Maryland at College Park.His research areas include:Data Mining,Database Systems, Knowledge Management,IS Security,e-Commerce,Decision Support Systems,IT&Productivity,IS Outsourcing.He has published papers in various journals including:Journal of Database Management, Information Systems Frontiers,European Journal of Information Systems,Information&Management,Information Systems Journal, Journal of the Association for Information Systems,Expert Systems with Applications.He serves as an Associate Editor of the INFORMS Journal on Computing,on the Editorial Board of the Computers&Operations Research journal and the International Advisory Board of the Journal of the Operational Research Society.Ojelanki Ngwenyama,MS,(Roosevelt),MBA(Syracuse),Ph.D. (Computer Science,SUNYBinghamton),is Professor of Information Technology Management and Director of the Institute for Research on Technology Management and Organizational Learning at Ryerson University,Canada.Prior to joining Ryerson in2004,Ojelanki was Professor of Information Systems at Virginia Commonwealth Univer-sity.He is currently Visiting Research Professor at Aalborg University in Denmark,and University of Jyväskyläin Finland.Ojelanki’s current research focuses on ICT and productivity,IT management, software process improvement,non-traditional research methods in information systems and ICT and development.He was an Associate Editor for MISQ(2004-2001)and is a member of the Editorial Advisory Board of the Scandinavian Journal of Information System. He has also served on the editorial boards of the Journal of Information Technology and People and Journal of the Association of Information Systems and ICIS.。

1 DatabaseDatabases offer great opportunities for productivity. In fact, in corporate libraries，electronic databases are now considered more valuable than books and journals. However, maintaining databases means users must make constant efforts to keep them from being tampered with or misused.1、Strategic usesDatabases help users to keep up to date and to plan for the future。

To support the needs of managers and other business professionals，many organizations collect data from a variety of internal and external databases。

This data is then stored in a special type of database called a data warehouse. A technique called data mining is often used to search these databases to look for related information and patterns。

There are hundreds of databases available to help users with both general and specific business purposes，including：Business directories providing addresses，financial and marketing information, products, and trade and brand names。

1 DatabaseDatabases offer great opportunities for productivity. In fact, in corporate libraries，electronic databases are now considered more valuable than books and journals. However, maintaining databases means users must make constant efforts to keep them from being tampered with or misused.1、Strategic usesDatabases help users to keep up to date and to plan for the future。

To support the needs of managers and other business professionals, many organizations collect data from a variety of internal and external databases。

This data is then stored in a special type of database called a data warehouse。

A technique called data mining is often used to search these databases to look for related information and patterns。

There are hundreds of databases available to help users with both general and specific business purposes, including：Business directories providing addresses, financial and marketing information, products，and trade and brand names.Demographic data，such as county and city statistics，current estimates on population and income, employment statistics，census data , and so on.Business statistical information, such as financial information on publicly traded companies，market potential of certain retail stores，and other business data and information.Text databases providing articles from business publications，press releases, reviews on companies and products, and so on。

Information management system developmentManagement information system, its essence is the informatization implementation of various management thought, therefore, has different management thought, the corresponding is corresponding with the management information system, which makes the various types of management information system emerge in endlessly. Modern management is dependent on the information, with the coming of information age, information collection, transmission, processing has become a major social activities. In various areas of business and daily life, people have to spend a lot of time and energy to search, collect and organize information, the development of computer technology provides effective tools for information processing.Management Information System (Management Information System, MIS for short) is a people-oriented, using computer hardware, software, network communication equipment and other office equipment, Information collection, transmission, processing, storage, update and maintenance, to enterprise strategic competitive advantages and improve the effectiveness and efficiency, for the purpose of supporting enterprise high-level decision, middle control, basic operation of the integrated man-machine System.A complete management information system should include: the auxiliary decision system; Industrial control system (CCS), office automation system (OA) and database, model base, method base, knowledge base, and exchange information with the organs at higher levels and external interfaces. Among them,especially the office automation system (OA) and exchange information with the organs at higher levels and outside is inseparable from the Intranet (Intranet) applications. It can be said that modern enterprise MIS can not live without Intranet, but the establishment of Intranet and must rely on the MIS system structure and the software and hardware environment. Management information system (MIS) mainly includes the information collection, entry, information storage, information transmission, information processing and output of information (information feedback) five functions. It put the modernization of information tools, electronic computer, the data communication equipment and technology management department, through the communication network, information processing center of different regions in sharing network of resources such as hardware, software, data and communications equipment, speed up the flow of information, decision making for managers in a timely manner to provide accurate and reliable basis.Management information system is the historical development of management information system in the early 70 s the product of "post-industrial economy", at the early stage of its development, enterprise management information system is a single man - machine system, the system function is simple, low efficiency, to the effect of management co., LTD. Enter in the late 1980 s, with the developing of computer network and communication technology, the development of the enterprise management information system into the network era. World advanced developed countries has established a perfect system of managementinformation system. They in the decades of practice has accumulated rich experience of management information system development, the enterprise management has formed a set of effective theory and specifications.The management information system of the great development of our country is in the late 80 s and early '90 s, countries have established a "gold card", "Jin Guan", "golden bridge" project, the majority of enterprises and institutions set up the management information system of LAN and wan. As the world economy and China's economy gradually moving towards the knowledge economy, whether it is a management information system based on industrial economy, there are a few experts and management oriented expert system (ES) or decision support system (SS), its processing object, service object, its system structure and processing power have further development.Management information system of network, globalization, specialization of scientific development, development of network management information system, on the one hand is the need of the development of management system itself, objectively, management information system requirements to achieve organic integration; On the other hand, the development of computer and communication technology, in particular, the combination of the development of the Internet network and management applications has created unprecedented conditions. Trend of network management information system and its importance is obvious. Today's successful companies are dependent on the ability of the operation of the global network application and development of the enterprise'seconomic activity is likely to break through the boundaries and become a global activity. Relying on the management information system of the networked enterprise may establish a worldwide sales network, the multinational company, can track the order, delivery, settlement, participate in the competition of the world market. In haier group, for example, more than 10800 kinds of products in the market involve hundreds of countries, tens of thousands of dealers, 50000 outbound product every day, every day more than the average settlement funds of 276 million yuan. For such a complex system, if not for networked management, as long as the one over one thousand link error, can make the enterprise bankruptcy.Management information systems involve economics, management, operations research, statistics, computer science, such as different subjects, is closely related to the interdisciplinary comprehensive cross of a new discipline. Is a worldwide made remarkable development of the discipline. Research and teaching in the field of management information system in China is faced with accelerated development, and the urgent needs and challenges in line with international standards. The wide application of management information system to promote the professional development of management information system, this is the sign of the mature management information system course. Global information is causing profound changes in today's world, reshaping the world political, economic, social, cultural and military development new pattern. Accelerate the development of information technology, has become the common choice of theworld. Informatization development cannot leave the construction of management information system, information only through for effective process management, build a management information system can play its role. The development of global informationization also reflects the globalization of management information system development.Enterprise information management system (EIMS) is the use of modern management ideas and methods, the adoption of the electronic computer, software and network communication technology, to the enterprise management decision in the process of information collection, storage, processing, analysis, to assist the enterprise daily business process until the formulation and optimization of decision scheme, and tracking, supervision, control, adjust the whole management process of the man-machine system.With the acceleration of economic development, the number of small and medium-sized enterprises in our country is becoming more and more competition is increasingly fierce. Due to the increasingly homogenized products, enterprise competition goal from pure product competition to supply chain competition, enterprise concern also from pure sales to expand into, sales and stock of each link. The application of network technology and e-commerce breakthrough the limitations of time and space, to the development of small and medium-sized enterprise to bring more opportunities, but also more increase the intensity of the competition between the enterprises. Using the modern computer information management technology, can improve the utilization rate of fundsand settlement speed, reduce inventory, speed up the overall operating efficiency, so that enterprises in the fierce competition in the invincible position.Because enterprise is the profit maximization as the goal of economic organizations, the main purpose of the information resources management is to play to the information society benefit and potential value-added features, to complete the enterprise production, management, sales work, improve the economic benefits of enterprises, but also to improve the social benefits. In general, the main content of enterprise information resource management work include: (1) the management of information resources; (2) the management of the people; (3) the management of the information work.As the global economic integration and the establishment of market economic system and the rapid development of modern information technology, enterprise survival and the fundamental changes have taken place in the internal and external environment of competition, the enterprise information and information management and international standards. Enterprise informationization is, not only the extension of information technology, more important is the extension of enterprise management and organization. The essence of the enterprise information is supported by information technology, managers in time the use of information resources, grasp the market opportunities, to make decisions in a timely manner. Enterprise informatization not only should attach importance to technology research, therefore, more should attach great importance to the integration of information resources management, to avoid repetition ofinformation resources, dispersed, waste and low efficiency, so as to realize the sharing of resources. Therefore, the enterprise information resources development and utilization is the core of the enterprise information construction, is also the starting point and the ultimate aim of the enterprise informatization. The role of information management system: 1. Knowledge, ensure that each member can be Shared within the organization. 2. Ensure the timeliness of knowledge acquisition. Information management system solved the cross-regional, across time, across units, access barriers between across different departments and employees, as long as it is on the premise of have permission, knowledge demanders can quickly find all kinds of knowledge they need through the system. 3. Improve organization or individual tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge, and ensure the effective transformation between the two. The emergence of knowledge economy makes the management information system has quickly become the key strategic resource of the enterprise. We put a lot of knowledge, as it were, condensed into the management information system and decision support system. Revolutionary will rely on the management information system of business administration, business process reengineering, management, led by the centralized to decentralized leadership development, customer relationship management, supply chain management, e-commerce, etc. All with the application and development of management information system of the intimate contact. Should see the application of information technology, is essentially make information been fully made use of the information society thedominant resources. Say so: the promotion of information technology is a means, the use of information is the true goal.Conclusion: the management information system development is a high-risk and high-yield of engineering. Put forward rational unified direction is caused by the management information system development has been very low success rate. It is estimated that in the 80 s China enterprise information the success rate of only 20%, this means that a large number of waste and loss of money. For a long time, people from different aspects to solve these problems, mainly from the perfect management system, strengthen the management of data, implement head principle, strengthen personnel training and raise the scientific nature of the development method and so on. Management information system of network greatly increased the possibility of information resources sharing between enterprises and enterprises. It's on, in, the downstream enterprises to establish virtual enterprise to create the conditions. In order to quick response to customers personalized needs development, the enterprise can through the Internet, with the help of other enterprise resources around the world to realize the integrated management.。

信息管理与信息系统论文中英文资料外文翻译文献Construction of Network Management Information System of Agricultural Products Supply Chain Based on 3PLsAbstractThe necessity to construct the network management information system of 3PLs agricultural supply chain is analyzed, showing that 3PLs can improve the overall competitive advantage of agricultural supply chain. 3PLs changes the homogeneity management into specialized management of logistics service and achieves the alliance of the subjects at different nodes of agricultural products supply chain. Network management information system structure of agricultural products supply chain based on 3PLs is constructed, including the four layers (the network communication layer, the hardware and software environment layer, the database layer, and the application layer) and 7 function modules (centralized control,transportation process management, material and vehicle scheduling, customer relationship, storage management, customer inquiry, and financial management).Framework for the network management information system of agricultural products supply chain based on 3PLs is put forward. The management of 3PLs mainly includes purchasing management, supplier relationship management, planning management, customer relationship management, storage management and distribution management. Thus, a management system of internal and external integrated agricultural enterprises is obtained. The network management information system of agricultural products supply chain based on 3PLs has realized the effective sharing of enterprise information of agricultural products supply chain at different nodes, establishing a long-term partnership revolving around the 3PLs core enterprise, as well as a supply chain with stable relationship based on the supply chain network system, so as to improve the circulation efficiency of agricultural products, and to explore the sales market for agricultural products.Key words3PLs (third party logistics)，Agricultural products supply chain, Network management information system, China3PLs means that production enterprises entrust the logistics activity to the professional logistics service firms in order to concentrate efforts on core business, to keep close contact with logistics enterprise through information system, and to achieve a logistics operation and management mode with full control in logistics. According to the 3PLs requirements forinformation technology, supply chain management information system based on 3PLs is a supply chain management mode with 3PLs enterprises as the core, using EDI technology, GIS/GPS system, B/S mode and other technologies. Integration, processing and application of 3PLs enterprises in supply chain management information system are fully applied in order to reduce the cost of logistics and to improve the service level of logistics.At present, management information technology in China is just at the initial stage. The existing management information system offers insufficient information for the 3PLs enterprises which are engaged in the circulation of agricultural products.Besides, its construction of logistics data processing system is imperfect, having not realized the truly professional 3PLs enterprises for the circulation of agricultural products with information technology. At the same time, 3PLs enterprise for agricultural products has just started in China. And logistics applied in the agricultural supply chain with 3PLs enterprise as the core is time-consuming, inefficient and low-level, which can hardly meet the needs of the rapid development of rural market and social productive forces. Therefore, it is particularly important and urgent to construct a management information system for agricultural products supply chain under the current Internet environment. Problems in the management of the supply chain of agricultural products are analyzed, and a network management information system of agricultural products supply chain based on 3PLs is constructed in order to offer references for the information management in the supply chain of agricultural products in China.1 Necessity of constructing the network management information system of agricultural products supply chain based on 3PLsAgricultural products are seasonal, perishable and vulnerable. With the improvement of income level，consumers have increasingly high requirements for the diversification, personalization, just-in-time nature, and environment protection of agricultural products, which requires faster, more professional，and better organized logistics. At the same time, supply chain of agricultural products has the characteristics of the special purpose of funds, the uncertainty of market, and the unbalanced development of market. Thus, the support of supply chain management information system is needed during the circulation of agricultural products. Construction of market integration,as well as the integration of production, supply and marketing,urgently needs a new management information system of agricultural products, as well as an accompanying legal support system, in order to reduce the cost and to increase the profit for agricultural enterprises. And the application of 3PLs in the supply chain of agricultural products can solve this problem.Therefore, we should give full play to the central hub function of 3PLs enterprises in agricultural products supply chain, increase the input in the informationization of agricultural products supply chain, and promote the construction of logistics operation system and management information system.1 .1 Improving the overall competitive advantage of agricultural products supply chain by 3PLs3PLs is a new logistics organizational form established by modern information technology, as well as a kind of complementary and win-win strategic alliance by signing contract with the party being served. Taking 3PLs as the professional and core enterprise in the production and circulation of agricultural products can help to realize resource consolidation of the construction and organization of the whole supply chain of agricultural products. The specialization of raw materials and the service for product distribution have greatly improved the logistics efficiency of traditional enterprise. At the same time, construction of the management information system ofagricultural products supply chain based on 3PLs has made up for the shortage of information in agricultural market, has improved the efficiency of the flow of agricultural products, has connected all the links in the supply chain into an organic whole in an reasonable and effective way,and has enhanced the overall competitive advantage and economic benefits. 3PLs platform has greatly brought down the production and circulation processes of traditional agricultural enterprises, and has reduced the costs in raw material procurement and product distribution, so as to better adapt to the changes in market demand, to realize the rational distribution of resources, and to improve the overall competitiveness of the supply chain of agricultural products.1 .2 Changing the homogeneity management to specialized operation of logistics service by 3PLsDue to the characteristics of agricultural products, market requirement for logistics varies widely. Since traditional enterprises try to obtain the competitive advantage, there is fierce market competition in commodity circulation. Therefore, behavior of logistics market shows the characteristics of homogeneity and the profit is getting lower and lower. In order to seize the customer, some enterprises even take a loss. 3PLs enterprises share business risk with partners and carry out operation according to the items number, time and cost of customer by integration and utilization of resources. As a means of the supply chain integration of agricultural products, specialized operation of 3PLs can help the stakeholders of supply chain to obtain more demand information of agricultural products, and can reduce the circulation cost of agricultural products.1 .3 Alliance of the subjects in supply chain nodes of agricultural products by 3PLs3PLs stresses the relationship of “mutual complementarity, benefit sharing, information sharing” among the stakeholders in different nodes of supply chain. Development of the agricultural producer, supplier and retailer is limited if they rely only on their own resources. 3PLs enters into the outside service market, integrates the resources through the way of strategic alliances, ensures that the subject focuses its attention on core business, reduces the cost by scale effect, enhances the anti-risk strength, and helps to achieve quick response to market demand by information sharing.At the same time, contract-0riented 3PLs enterprises unify the interests of all subjects in supply chain of agricultural products, emphasize the strategic partnership of both parties,and alleviate market competition of related industries in agricultural markets. Subjects in both downstream and upstream of the supply chain share information and establish long-term partnership with 3PLs enterprises as the core.2 Construction of the network management information system of agricultural supply chain based on 3PLs2.1 Construction of structural system3PLs platform is used to offer network communications and system services to the subjects in agricultural supply chain. Fig. 1 illustrates the structural system of network management information system of agricultural supply chain based on 3PLs.Fig.1 Structural system of network management information system of agricultural supplychain based on 3PLsFig. 1 illustrates that the basic hardware of the system is combined by the network transmission media and network equipment, that is the network communication layer. Hardware facilities, corresponding system software, operation system and netmanager software together constitute the software and hardware environment layer.This layer provides necessary software and hardware facilities for 3PLs enterprises during the data storage and management of agricultural products. Database layer is responsible for the management of data source in agricultural information resources and network systems, and offers data integration to the application layer. 3PLs standard system includes the overall standard, network infrastructure standard, application support standard, application standard, information security standard, and management standard. Safety system of 3PLs includes the security management, security infrastructure, and security service.This system is composed of 7 function modules, such as the centralized control module, transportation process management module, material and vehicle scheduling module, customer relationship module, storage management module, customer query module, and financial management module(Fig. 2),the function of which is to ensure the information fluency and system security of 3PLs enterprises during the operation and integration of resources. These modules have improved the service module of different nodes in agricultural supply chain and have reduced the operation risk of system, so that the system becomes more structured, perfect, and rational.2.2 Framework of management systemBased on the existing research result，the business and module of modern logistics management，and the management information systems，Fig.3 reports the management system of internal and external integrated agricultural enterprises according to the circulation of agricultural products from the manufacturer，supplier，and retail terminal to the consumer.Fig．2 Function modules of 3PLs network management information systemFig.3 The management system of internal and external integrated agricultural enterprises Fig.3 shows the framework of network management information system of agricultural supply chain based on 3PLs. The whole system, running under an open 3PLs, is formed by four layers of network communication layer, software and hardware environment layer, database layer and application layer. In the application layer, 3PLs, as the core of management information system of agricultural supply chain, plays the role of information processing center. It mainly manages the plan, inventory, and other subsystems, supervises subsystem through supplier relationship, conducts information interaction with procurement management subsystem and the supplier, and carries out information interaction with the supplier, producer and consumer through customer relationship management subsystem and sales management subsystem. Besides, 3PLs is also responsible for logistics management and control through the distribution management subsystem. Management of 3PLs mainly includes the 7 modules of purchasing management, supplier relationship management, planning management, customer relationship management, sales management, inventory management and distribution management. Through the effectiveintegration and coordination between 3PLs and the business with partner at the downstream and upstream of agricultural supplier chain, management system of internal and external integrated agricultural enterprises is formed using the logistics information system to realize the integration of logistics and information flow.In general，3PLs enterprise is still in the initial stage in China. Management information system of agricultural supply chain is not perfect, which can not meet the current needs of the rapid development and agricultural products circulation in rural China. Thus, there is an urgent need to build a new mode of agricultural logistics, so as to reduce the process of sales turnover, to lower the production cost of 3PLs enterprises, to improve the circulation efficiency of agricultural products, and to expand the sales market of agricultural products.3 ConclusionDeveloping modern 3PLs is an inevitable trend of market development. Design and development of management information system based on 3PLs can bring spillover benefits to the producer, supplier and retailer of agricultural products.Under the current Internet environment, management information system of agricultural supply chain based on 3PLs must be established based on the specific characteristics of operation mode and the actual business situation of 3PLs enterprises, so as to establish a management information system suitable for a given enterprise. From the perspective of overall integration of resources, the network management information system of agricultural supply chain based on 3PLs established has connected the interests of different nodes in agricultural supply chain into an organic whole, has effectively eliminated the barriers to information flow, and has increased the profits of agriculture-related enterprises and farmers. At the same time, according to the characteristics of agricultural enterprises in China, a rational agricultural products logistics mode of internal and external integrated agricultural enterprise is established, which offers a reference for the management of agricultural supply chain in China.基于第三方物流的农产品供应链网络管理信息系统的建设摘要本文对构建网络农业第三方物流供应链管理信息系统的必要性进行了分析，表明第三方物流可以提高农产品供应链的整体竞争优势。

外文文献之数据库信息管理系统简介Introduction to database informationmanagement systemThe database is stored together a collection of the relevant data, the data is structured, non-harmful or unnecessary redundancy, and for a variety of application services, data storage independent of the use of its procedures; insert new data on the database , revised, and the original data can be retrieved by a common and can be controlled manner. When a system in the structure of a number of entirely separate from the database, the system includes a "database collection."Database management system (database management system) is a manipulation and large-scale database management software is being used to set up, use and maintenance of the database, or dbms. Its unified database management and control so as to ensure database security and integrity. Dbms users access data in the database, the database administrator through dbms database maintenance work. It provides a variety of functions, allows multiple applications and users use different methods at the same time or different time to build, modify, and asked whether the database. It allows users to easily manipulate data definition and maintenance of data security and integrity, as well as the multi-user concurrency control and the restoration of the database.Using the database can bring many benefits: such as reducing data redundancy, thus saving the data storage space; to achieve full sharing of data resources, and so on. In addition, the database technology also provides users with a very simple means to enable users to easily use the preparation of thedatabase applications. Especially in recent years introduced micro-computer relational database management system dBASELL, intuitive operation, the use of flexible, convenient programming environment to extensive (generally 16 machine, such as IBM / PC / XT, China Great Wall 0520, and other species can run software), data-processing capacity strong. Database in our country are being more and more widely used, will be a powerful tool of economic management.The database is through the database management system (DBMS-DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM) software for data storage, management and use of dBASELL is a database management system software.Information management system is the use of data acquisition and transmission technology, computer network technology, database construction, multimediatechnology, business needs, such as the establishment of a management platform, the platform constructed on the basis of pure software business management system (to meet the business needs for the purpose), achieving operational systems of data and information sharing, and based on this structure enquiries, schedulingor decision-making system.Information system can be manual or computer-based, independent or integrated, batch or on-line. The information system is usually the various types of combination. That is, of course, it can not be independent and is integrated.1. Independent system to meet a specific application areas (eg, personnel management) design. Independent system with its own documents, which are inevitable with a certain degree of redundancy.2. Integrated information systems through their use of the data were combined. Resource sharing system using a database to achieve integrated objectives. For example, the normal wage system requirements from the human resources and accounting systems found in the data.3. Artificial system has been developed based on a variety of computer information systems. So far, in a computerized artificial, and still lacks design experience (or) lack of information between users and service personnel exchanges. That is to say, computer-based workflow system directly from the manual system workflow. Often, these systems are independent, and the computer just as a data processor. In the design of these systems, with little regard to their integrated to the end of intent.4. Information systems according to a batch, on-line processing or both combination classification. In a batch system, and data will be handled in batches or reports. For example, banks will be a large number of cheque code, and then the end of the day, in batches of cheques, sorting and processing. Also, in order to prevent an airline ticket T alas in Atlanta and another at the same time point of sale outlets from Los Angeles to San Francisco, the last one a flight tickets, airlines must be on-line booking system, in order to reflect the current status of the database. Most on-line information system is successful batch requirements. even if the information resources management (IRM) system, and the potential of the computer information system has been widely recognized, most of the systems is still independent batch system. Now most of these systems have lost value, but was re-designed as an integrated, online system. By definition, we can see the comprehensive requirements of business managers and company leaders closercooperation. Information services professionals as consultants, and the integrated information system and business areas of conflict and differences should be resolved by the user groups. Resolve these differences in order to achieve a comprehensive environmental information services staff to the challenges posed by the user manager.数据库信息管理系统简介数据库是存储在一起的相关数据的集合，这些数据是结构化的，无有害的或不必要的冗余，并为多种应用服务；数据的存储独立于使用它的程序；对数据库插入新数据，修改和检索原有数据均能按一种公用的和可控制的方式进行。

外文原文The information management system brief introductionA．output background of the management information systemThe information is a kind of resources, in pass by of 30 years, the every trade usually all had not a few managers and administrations the mastermind treated the data processing and calculators isolatedly.Result in the reason of this kind of viewpoint is, the data processing( DP) and the information service( IS) the personnel does not wish to use easily drive the language that customer( namely the personnel of" usage" calculator) comprehend and customer carries on the exchanges.The manager lacks the interest and inabilities as dint to this kind of exchanges, cause defer the development of the calculator system, thus fostering to live in isolation in many other aspects and the phenomenon of the redundancy labor.Communicate with the information attendant in the customer aspect, there is no an unit hope can make perfect, but, have some units indeed to have already obtained the more very successful experience.The customer thinks with some units of the information attendant match tacit understanding:This kind of successful reason lie in, the customer has already controled basic knowledge of the calculator and the information resources management.It is thus clear that, customer the manager controls the knowledge of this aspect is very necessary.Perfectly right, the information serve what professional personnel is to have this aspect knowledge, but to use a manager to acquire these knowledges, must pass the regular study, reading and fulfillments.Together between the information attendant relation of appropriate processing customer, can strengthen the both parties to work in coordination.For building up and supporting an information system of high quantity, the everyone must respect the will of the other party.The good and bad of the system quantity is direct to become the direct proportion with customer and a quality for work in coordination of the information attendant.Every those customer managers who would not like to control the basic knowledge of relevant calculator and the information resources management aspects and administration mastermind, will become the behind the time necessarily, participate the development trends that the information system develops the process directly in current this kind of encouragementcustomer especially under.Recommend in the past, customer manager to a large extent is depend on the information attendant, the information system that development and realizations need of.Owing to the information service needs the continuous development variety, leaving the responsibility that discriminates and raises the system now to customer- this is also a reason should of.The customer participates the development of the information system morely, this kind of trend as early as 70's the middle started, and, from that time hereafter develop constantly, have already entered the information attendant now together ages of the customer cooperation.Because only have the customer to even understand that they want to get from the information system by themselves what.The customer participates the typical model case performance of the information resources management( IRM) in the distribute type data processing( DDP) aspect.In this aspect, the customer not only need to attend the development of the system, and but also need to be responsible for the hardware equipments that manage the system movement's demand and personnel.People did not know until most in the last few years:The information is a kind of resources, must take into the exploitation to this kind of worthy resources, don't make it the white white run to waste.In compete the environment of the vehemence, manager and administration the mastermind must make use of the information availably, otherwise hard have a foothold in the invincible position.In the past, manager only the calculator see is a saving money of tool, but now, the calculator is see is a tool that created the profits.Each companies have a great deal of of, didn't°yet discover of, can make use of the potential of the calculator and the information resources.Discover this kind of potential the knowledge level of the calculator and the information processing that demand have, is most managers and the administration mastermind's what lies in one's powers of.B．basic type of the information systemThe information system can be artificial or according to calculator of, independent or comprehensive of, become to criticize processing of or machine of.The usual information system is the combination of above-mentioned various type.Certainly it can't be independent again comprehensive,1.The independent system is for satisfying a certain and particular applied realm( such as, personal management) but design.The independent system contain itsown document, these documents take to have the certain redundancy by all means.2.The comprehensive information system passes the data that they use but drive comprehensive together.The system makes use of a database with commonly shared resources to attain the comprehensive purpose.For example, the wages system requests to find out the data from the human resource system and accountancy's systems in go order.3.Taking the artificial system as the foundation has already developped a calculator information system of various each kind.So far, while carry on the artificial" the calculator turn", still lack to design the experience and( or) the want for information attendants and exchanges between customers.Also is to say, drew lessons from the workflow of the artificial system directly according to the workflow of the system of the ually these systems are independent, and used to only the calculator to handle the machine for the data.While design these systems, few in consideration of end want intention that they synthesize.4.The information system also can press criticize processing, the machine processing or two combinationses to categorize.In become criticize handle system, divide business and datas to criticize a ground of processing or the creation statement.For example, the bank code a great deal of check, then at a day end, criticize the place check separately, row preface and carry on the processing.Again such as, for prevent°froming the airline pulling in the tower a sell the ticket to order with in Atlanta of another sell the last ticket that the ticket orders to sell some one service gone to San Francisco from Los Angeles at the same time, the airline system book the ticket to must be the machine of , with the current appearance of the reflection database.Most s machine information system also has results to show the request of criticize the processing.Even appeared the information resources management( IRM) system, and after the potential of the calculator information system got extensive acknowledgement, most systems are still independent criticize to handle the system.Now these system in the most has already lost the use value, and is re- designed comprehensive of, the system of the machine .Pass the definition can know,"ing comprehensive" to request the business realm manager and company the leadership cooperates closely.The information serve the professional personnel and can be the adviser, but relevant comprehensive information system and the business realm of conflict and difference then should be solve by the customer group.Environment that solves these differences to synthesizewith the real realization is the information attendant to customer the manager put forward of challenge.C．social influence of the information systemThe social influence of various company information system is the responsibility that the information serves the manager and professional realm managers.Should check all plans in of and existing information system, to distinguish whether these systems will bring the harmful society influence or not.Should check the existing system with regularity specially.The society influence may be internal, be also likely to be exterior or two and but have it.The serious degree of affect will involve from the officers and workers not like this kind of short date of a certain new method to affect because the calculator turns but makes some officers and workerses reduce such long-term influence.These circumstances explained the information system harmful internal society influence.If know that the particular and applied system that a certain calculator of realization( under the condition of some, only is design) turn will bring the harmful society influence in advance, so customer the manager should serve the manager and company management section with information to cooperate, responding this kind of influence to contract to minimum extent.The exterior society influence involves with those person who the company has the friendly intercourse.( customer, client, attendant, creditor etc.)The change of a certain procedure is also possible to bring important influence to the image of the companies, thus also affecting the profits of the company.For example, a very and greatly the nationwide public enterprise company decision repeal is in 12 service organizations of small town, then request the residents of these towns and will pay to mail the company originally department, that company did not estimate the influence that this kind of change on the policy bring.The residents are angry with can't directly hand over style give native organization.Unique result is the organization that the public enterprise company must re- set up those places, and examine from the beginning lately- install accept the debt system.D．the function and the responsibility of the customer and the information service departmentA quantity of information system and a benefits with future company, on the very big degree dependence hence denied to rule the function and the responsibility of the customer andthe information service department clearly.The function and responsibilities of the underneath are in keeping with to most units, however for ising suitable for own circumstance and shoulding still make a little amount of modification.The function and the responsibility of the customer:1.The information system policy committee( ISPC).The information serves the deluxe coordination commission, usually being leader by the high class of the customer to constitute.Therefore, the responsibility of that committee is the responsibility of the customer.ISPC approval to some gravenesses request that information serve, build up having the initiative the class system, solve the difference between each section and build up the first- degree information service counterplan of company.2.Accept the reform.The calculator turn, in regard to its essence, mean the reform.But the person does not wish to accept the reform essentially.The whole section brush-off of the some business realm carries out the circumstance of an information system not seldom seen.Even if to the personnel assurance of that section and they also believe that the end product will raise the rate of production that they work and make under personal satisfied circumstance, also still such.The manager of the customer has the responsibility creation the appropriate environment to accept the ineluctable reform- carry out a calculator information system in that company.Perform is one of the best paths that encouragement accepts to reform probably.Perform a successful information system( is the company inner part in spite of of or exterior of) needs to cost some time properly.Should encourage the people to carry on the exchanges with those persons who turns the aspect to be subjected to" frustrate" in the calculator.3.The system service claim.The plait writes the service claim and hands over is the responsibility of the end customer for the information service department.4.To the support of the information service item.Isn't the member of an item set even if, customer the manager still should participate the activity of the item, because the end product of the item set is end will to the method, work of the section and succeed to produce the important influence.Should request the customer manager is after each important stage complete" the signing approve".Some customer managers exist a kind of innocent viewpoint,they think that the normal progress of the item is a naturally of, but system will completely according to hope to was so complete, the procedure that signing approve is the responsibility of the customer, and for the success of the item is to go to pass important.This kind of signing not only mean the satisfied approval that designs to the basic system, and but also mean the approbation toward the detailed function manual.Manager and their employees of customers should meet the relevant item to constitute the member, comprehending and agreeing with the system suggest for them every way to carry on the pit actually.At the stage of Ⅱend can't still over-emphasize the importance of the signing approbation, because the that time system function a manual still" is freeze of".At the system of the modification ratio that stage of Ⅱdo realization after do the manpower that same modification need to want to be little and have to have another.For example, may need a person only to the modification of some document design to can complete no longer than a day in stage of Ⅱ , but after system carry out, do the same modification and may request several individuals to do a few months.The customer should find out the blemish as early as possible, and before understanding the system thoroughly, before use the section satisfaction, do not sign the approbation.cate.The manager of the customer and customer the personnel is responsible for the training that provides the business to the information attendant.( for example, stock method, the open account principle...etc.)According to the size of the item set, this kind of training can summit the form to carry on with the personal form or group.If customer the manager can recommend some informations sources( such as book, magazine, regular course...etc.) that can make use of also helpful to training.The customer also may need to be some to have something to do with training of calculator and the information system of knowledge.The information service department will be responsible for this kind of training.The customer just attends the training.The contents of this kind of training includes to be like how to use the calculator hardware, according to the work principle of the calculator system and involve the training of not deeply general calculator knowledge etc. topic.6.The data records to go into.According to the scope that the traditional information service working talent distribute, the customer group may participate almost all aspects of theinformation service.( include to record to go into the program design from the data)At least, the customer section wants to be responsible for the importation of the system.In the machine system, the data importation still include to is a readable form of machine the original data conversion that comes from the video frequency manifestation equipments.In become criticize handle system, the customer is responsible for completing accurate and legal original data.Then record these original datas criticize separately erupt the data of send to the information service into the section.This kind of a serious problem that becomes to criticize to turn to record the processing is many character lists are" illegal" in the original data, this will cause to usually make a phone call for the customer section or seek to come or saved into in the database bad or the data of the mistake.The manager of the customer should know the legitimacy and the accuracy equal importance of the character list.Should encourage the importance that clerk's personnel knows accurate and clean and neat twos.7.For provide of information service hand over the fee.According to the dissimilarity of each company policy, the service that the customer section may provide to the information service department pay all or parts of expenses or not pay, have already adopted a typical model to charge those companies of system and will consult with, analyze the member and program designs service, use the hardware machine and use to save the machine and materials to the inner part, charge to the customer open account. 8.The periodical evaluation information system.An information system( its ownership) from the customer section own, not from the information service department own.Therefore, carry on to their information system the regular commentary with regularity is the customer manager's responsibility.These comment on, will rise a kind of aggressive function for the improvement system.The function and the responsibility of the information service department:1.Keep advanced sex on the technique.Because the technique of the modern is in the variety everyday, the company can't neglect to decline low cost and suggest the opportunity of the high performance.For making use of the existing technique, the information attendant must be join force to keep advanced sex on the technique with one mind.The information service department and customers manage the technique invention that the section should notice to those to raise the rate of production and efficiency probably.2.Rise to promote the function.In the aspects of discovering the new information system and raising the existing information system, the information attendant should rise to promote the function.Any improvement data processing or management make policy the opportunities of the process and should cause concerning the business realm manager's attention.3.Provide to suggest the source.The information attendant is to provide the suggestion and advisory headsprings toward the customer group.The information service department should provide an organization( for example, customer contact section), for the purpose of customer can pass that organization request suggestion of the relevant calculator and the information processing.4.Help the customer in system develop process.The system development process press half to half of comparisons, from the expert of the business realm with( the information system aspect) technique the expert combine together, developping together a take calculator as the basal information system.By 1980, it is the responsibility of the information service department that popular viewpoint is the system development in customer and the information attendants.Today, the information system is own by customer, therefore, the system development is the responsibility of the customer.The responsibility of the information service department is an information system item that"s help" the customer to carry out them.5.Provide the movement ability for the information system.The information service department is responsible for a part that produces the system to have something to do with hardware.Certainly, this is is not suitable for in to distribute the data processing environment also.So-called have something to do with hardware the part includes the engine room, control, output's to send out to record to go into with data.( only rightness become criticize to handle the environment)The responsibility concerning database, sometimes will produce to confuse.The company database is saving saving equipments at the big capacity that be control by the information attendant and operate up.The managing person of the database is responsible for the physics and logical maintenances of the database.However, to any change of the database is to is carried on the push by the customer importation, therefore, the accuracy of the database is from the customer be responsible for, not database managing person is responsible of.6.Support the data of the information system.To the whichever and existing informationsystem, the complete set data includes the " circulate the order", the database data( may support one or several information systemses) and user's manuals of the system and program design data, the calculator operator.Must reflect to any improvement of the system in above- mentioned data, these datas are distribute by the information attendant and support.7.For the company whole turn to provide the help.The data becomes comprehensive( combination) tool of company.Each company, the education section and the government agency all exist the redundancy in the data and procedureses.The information service department contain responsibility provide the ability( hardware and expert) on the technique to remove this kind of phenomenon.8.Provide to educate the project( outline) toward the customer.Nowadays widespread viewpoint is, the customer handle the education of the aspect in the calculator and information, having the important influence successfully for an unit.The manager of the customer and deluxe administration leadership is making use of the professional public lecturer and facing to the book and the inner part colloquium of the customer well.The information service department be responsible for organize the customer manager of internal public lecturer.Handle the knowledge in the calculator and information, exist thus a kind of request, educate the reasonable charges to the customer namely, even in the small companyalso such.外文翻译信息管理系统简介一．管理信息系统产生的背景信息是一种资源,在过去的 30 年中，各行各业往往都有不少管理人员和行政首脑孤立地看待数据处理和计算机。

信息管理与信息系统中英文对照外文翻译文献一、引言在当今数字化和信息化的时代，信息管理与信息系统（Information Management and Information System，简称 IMIS）成为了企业和组织运营中至关重要的组成部分。

有效的信息管理能够帮助企业提高决策效率、优化业务流程、增强竞争力。

而信息系统则为信息的收集、存储、处理和传播提供了技术支持。

为了更深入地了解这一领域，我们对相关的外文文献进行了翻译和研究。

二、信息管理的概念与重要性信息管理是指对信息资源进行规划、组织、领导和控制的过程。

其目的是确保信息的准确性、完整性、及时性和可用性，以满足组织内部不同层次的需求。

在当今竞争激烈的市场环境中，信息已成为一种宝贵的资源，企业能否有效地管理和利用信息，直接关系到其生存和发展。

例如，一家制造企业通过对市场需求信息、生产过程信息和供应链信息的有效管理，可以实现精准的生产计划，降低库存成本，提高客户满意度。

同时，信息管理还能够帮助企业识别潜在的市场机会和风险，为战略决策提供有力支持。

三、信息系统的类型与功能信息系统主要包括事务处理系统（Transaction Processing System，TPS）、管理信息系统（Management Information System，MIS）、决策支持系统（Decision Support System，DSS）和企业资源规划系统（Enterprise Resource Planning，ERP）等。

事务处理系统主要用于处理日常的业务交易，如订单处理、库存管理等。

管理信息系统则提供了综合的信息报告，帮助管理人员进行监督和控制。

决策支持系统通过数据分析和模型构建，为管理层的决策提供支持。

企业资源规划系统则整合了企业的各种资源，实现了业务流程的集成和优化。

以一家跨国零售企业为例，其使用的企业资源规划系统能够实现全球范围内的库存实时监控、采购协同和财务统一管理，大大提高了运营效率和管理水平。

1 DatabaseDatabases offer great opportunities for productivity. In fact, in corporate libraries，electronic databases are now considered more valuable than books and journals。

However, maintaining databases means users must make constant efforts to keep them from being tampered with or misused。

1、Strategic usesDatabases help users to keep up to date and to plan for the future。

To support the needs of managers and other business professionals，many organizations collect data from a variety of internal and external databases。

This data is then stored in a special type of database called a data warehouse. A technique called data mining is often used to search these databases to look for related information and patterns。

There are hundreds of databases available to help users with both general and specific business purposes，including：Business directories providing addresses，financial and marketing information，products，and trade and brand names.Demographic data，such as county and city statistics, current estimates on population and income，employment statistics，census data ，and so on.Business statistical information，such as financial information on publicly traded companies, market potential of certain retail stores, and other business data and information.Text databases providing articles from business publications, press releases，reviews on companies and products，and so on.Web databases covering a wide range of topics including all of the above。