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2014年杭州师范大学844英语教学基础知识考研真题(总分：150.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、选择题(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.Fluency is achieved largely by ________.（分数：2.00）A.pronunciationB.grammatical itemsC.vocabularyD.chunks √解析：语言的流利程度是通过语块实现的。
2.The pseudo practice is beneficial only if the pre-service teachers take________seriously.（分数：2.00）A.rehearsalB.reflection √C.inquiryparison解析：本题考查华莱士的“反思模型”。
根据这一模型，教师在学习阶段之后为练习阶段。
教师只有在教学实践中不断反思才能获益。
不只是在一段时间的教学之后需要反思，在教学的过程中也要反思。
3.Which of the following activities DOES NOT belong to pre-reading activities?（分数：2.00）A.predictionB.making inferences √C.setting the sceneD.skimming解析：读前活动包括提供背景信息，推断，略读等。
推断属于读后活动。
因此答案选B。
4.The learning activity sculpture body language is designed for developing________intelligence.（分数：2.00）A.spatial visualizingB.bodily-kinesthetic √C.interpersonalD.naturalistic解析：肢体语言可以提高学生的身体动觉智能。
2019浙江杭州师范大学翻译硕士英语考研真题I. Vocabulary and grammar (30’)Section A Multiple choice (20’)Directions: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.1. Mr. Jeffrey had just___________ the shell of the boiled crab and was starting to peel it off.A. crackedB. burstC. fracturedD. clanked2. Last week the bishop preached a farewell sermon to a(n) ___________ that have known him very well since he moved here.A. congregationB. audienceC. progressionD. population3. I don’t doubt ___________ the plan will be well implemented.A. howB. thatC. whichD. whether4. The old woman had an ___________ habit of emptying ash trays out of her upstairs window onto my doorstep.A. offendingB. offensiveC. uneducatedD. objectionable5. The physician reassured me that the pain in my leg would ___________ one hour after I took the medicine as I was told.A. wear awayB. wear offC. wear downD. wear out6. The phone call my parents just gave me aroused a(n) ___________ feeling of homesickness in me.A. intenseB. intensiveC. hopelessD. forceful7. The professor said that he would translate a Chinese fiction if he could find a(n) ___________ to help him proof-read his translation.A. collaboratorB. accompliceC. allyD. confederate8. Although WildAid has been trying to stop the slaughter of sharks for their fins, current regulations rarely curtail ___________ to the degree needed to restore shark population.A. sharks are huntedB. the hunting of sharksC. to hunt sharksD. sharks hunted9. The mere prospect of a performance of one of their operas was enough to set them to running up bills amounting to ___________ their prospective royalties.A. ten times the number ofB. ten times the amount ofC. the number of ten timesD. as ten times as the amount of10. The ___________ of plastic containers is one of the problems that the local environmental agency has to deal with.A. dispositionB. dispersalC. disposalD. dissolution11. The forecast predicted ___________ weather with rain, sunshine, thunder and wind and that is just what they have had.A. fluctuatingB. differingC. rangingD. variable12. The research involves a study of the human heart which leads us through devious mazes of passion, ___________ it is difficult to find a way.A. of whichB. from whichC. out of whichD. through which13. The miserable family have had a ___________ of misfortunes.A. continuationB. successionC. repetitionD. contingency14. Mr. White would have been more amicable and civilized if he had changed a littlebit, ___________?A. wouldn’t heB. hasn’t heC. didn’t heD. hadn’t he15. In Japanese cities, traffic jams are ___________ because citizens in suburb haveto drive every day to central business areas to work.A. propagatedB. activatedC. aggravatedD. irritated16. As an experienced politician, he has to have the ___________ of inspiring confidence in his listeners.A. flukeB. frenzyC. museD. knack17. You had the ___________ situation in which Florida had more listed public bathing beaches than the whole of the United Kingdom.A. luminousB. luculentC. lubricantD. ludicrous18. Much of what the lecturer said was beyond her comprehension but she managed to understand the ___________ of his remarks.A. tactB. tenorC. tannerD. manner19. Little ___________ about his own safety, though he himself was in great danger.A. he caredB. he may careC. may he careD. did he care20. One woman was feared dead last night after a helicopter ___________ off courseinto an oil platform and ditched into the sea.A. veeredB. instigatedC. falsifiedD. blandishedSection B Proofreading and error correction (10’)The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error.In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correctit in the following way:For a wrong word underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the lineFor a missing word mark the position of the missing word with a “Λ” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word cross the unnecessary word with a slash “/”and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.EXAMPLEWhen art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) When Λ art → anIt never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) It never buys → never them on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibition → exhibitScience was once seen as the stuffy domain of pale malescientists spent far too much of their time in the laboratory (1) __________ concocting potions in test tubes while avoiding sunlight andhuman interaction. Occasionally they would venture out of thelab to give lectures and impart their wisdom with science students. (2) __________But they would rarely confront with the general public. Now, (3) __________ thanks to the growing number of science festivals, scientistsare engaging with people in unique, innovative—and often surprising—way. Science communication has evolved in recent years, broken (4) __________the age-old tradition of the elite scientist imparting knowledge tothe interested layman. Thanks to the increasing emphasis inacademia on public engagement, it is now expected that learningabout science in an open, democratic process—something shaped (5) __________ by professionals, but led by the public.Today the language of science communication is repleted (6) __________with words such as create, experience, participate and journey.It all makes participation in public science feel more like a funday out as a classroom chore. (7) __________Public science events date back to the days of the AncientGreeks when the like of Plato and Aristotle would speak in public (8) __________about their theories of science and philosophy. It was theEdinburgh International Science Festival which coined the term (9) __________ “science festival” at its incept in 1989. (10) _________II. Reading comprehension(40’)Section 1 Multiple choice (20’)Directions: In this section there are two passages followed by multiple choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on the answer sheet.Passage AA Scottish novelist, poet, essayist, and travel writer, Robert Louis Stevenson was born at 8 Howard Place, Edinburgh Scotland, on 13 November 1850. It has been more than 100 years since his death. Stevenson was a writer who caused conflicting opinions about his works. On one hand, he was often highly praised for his expert prose and style by many English-language critics. On the other hand, pothers criticized the religious themes in his works, often misunderstanding Ste venson’s own religious beliefs. Since his death a century before, critics and biographers have disagreed on the legacy of Stevenson’s writing. Two biographers, KF and CP, wrote a biography about Stevenson with a clear focus. They chose not to criticize asp ects of Stevenson’s personal life. Instead, they focused on his writing, and gave high praise to his writing style and skill.The literary pendulum has a swung these days. Different critics have different opinions towards Robert Louis Stevenson’s works. Th ough today, Stevenson is oneof the most translated authors in the world, his works have sustained a wide variety of negative criticism throughout his life. it was like a complete reversal of polarity---from highly positive to slightly less positive to clearly negative; after being highly praised as a great writer, he became an example of an author with corrupt ethics and lack of moral. Many literary critics passed his works off as children’s stories or horror stories, and thought to have little social value in an educational setting. Stevenson’s works were often excluded from literature curriculum because of its controversial nature. These debates remain, and many critics still assert that despite his skill, his literary works still lack moral value.One of the main reasons why Stevenson’s literary works attracted so much criticism was due to the genre of his writing. Stevenson mainly wrote adventure stories, which was part of a popular and entertaining writing fad at the time. Many of us believe adventure stories are exciting, offers engaging characters, action, and mystery but ultimately can’t teach moral principles. The plot points are one-dimensional and rarely offer a deeper moral meaning, instead focusing on exciting and shocking plot twists and thrilling events. His works were even criticized by fellow authors. Though Stevenson’s works have deeply influenced Oscar Wilde, Wilde often joked that Stevenson would have written better works if he wasn’t born in Scotland. Other authors came to Stevenson’s defe nce, including Galsworthy who claimed that Stevenson is a greater writer than Thomas Hardy.Despite Wilde’s criticism, Stevenson’s Scottish identity was integral part of his writing works. Although Stevenson’s works were not popular in Scotland when he was alive, many modern Scottish literary critics claim that Sir Walter Scott and Robert Louis Stevenson are the most influential writers in the history of Scotland. While many critics exalt Sir Walter Scott as a literary genius because of his technical ability, others argue that Stevenson deserves the same recognition for his natural ability to capture stories and characters in words. Many of Scott’s works were taken more seriously as literature for their depth due to their tragic themes, but fans of Stevenson praise his unique style of story-telling and capture of human nature. Stevenson’s works, unlike other British authors, captured the unique day to day life of average Scottish people. Many literary critics point to this as a flaw of his works. According to the critics, truly important literature should translate local culture and stories. However, many critics praise the local taste of his literature. To this day, Stevenson’s works provide valuable insight to life in Scotland during the 19th century.Despi te much debate of Stevenson’s writing topics, his writing was not the only source of attention for critics. Stevenson’s personal life often attracted a lot of attention from his fans and critics alike. Some even argue that his personal life eventually outshone his writing. Stevenson had been plagued with health problems his whole life, and often had to live in much warmer climates than the cold, dreary weather of Scotland in order to recover, so he took his family to a south pacific island Samoa, which was a controversial decision at that time. However, Stevenson didn’t regret the decision. The sea air and thrill of adventure complimented the themes of his writing, and for a time restored his health. From there, Stevensongained a love of travelling, and for nearly three years he wandered the eastern and central Pacific. Much of his works reflected this love of travel and adventure that Stevenson experienced in the Pacific islands. It was as a result of this biographical attention that the feeling grew that i nterest in Stevenson’s life had taken the place of interest in his works. Whether critics focus on his writing subjects, his religious beliefs, or his eccentric lifestyle of travel and adventure, people from the past and present have different opinions about Stevenson as an author. Today, he remains a controversial yet widely popular figure in western literature.1. Stevenson’s biographers KF and CP .A. underestimated the role family played in Stevenson’s life.B. overestimated the writer’s works in th e literature history.C. exaggerated Stevenson’s religious belief in his works.D. elevated Stevenson’s role as a writer.2. The main point of the second paragraph is .A. the public give a more fair criticism to Stevenson’s works.B. recent criticism has been justified.C. the style of Stevenson’s works overweigh his faults in his life.D. Stevenson’s works’ drawback is lack of ethical nature.3. According to the author, adventure stories .A. do not provide plot twists well.B. cannot be used by writers to show moral values.C. are more fashionable art form.D. can be found in other’s works but not in Stevenson’s.4. What does the author say about Stevenson’s works?A. They describe the life of people in Scotland.B. They are commonly regarded as real literature.C. They were popular during Stevenson’s life.D. They transcend the local culture and stories.5. The lifestyle of Stevenson .A. made his family envy him so much.B. should be responsible for his death.C. gained more attention from the public than his works.D. didn’t well prepare his life in Samoa.Passage BIn Britain one of the most dramatic changes of the Industrial Revolution was the harnessing of power. Until the reign of GeorgeⅢ(1760-1820), available sources of power for work and travel had not increased since the Middle Ages. There were three sources of power: animal or human muscles; the wind, operating on sail or windmill;and running water. Only the last of these was suited at all to the continuous operating of machines, and although waterpower abounded in Lancashire and Scotland and ran grain mills as well as textile mills, it had one great disadvantage: streams flowed where nature intended them to, and water-driven factories had to be located on their banks whether or not the location was desirable for other reasons. Furthermore, even the most reliable waterpower varied with the seasons and disappeared in a drought. The new age of machinery, in short, could not have been born without a new source of both movable and constant power.The source had long been known but not exploited. Early in the eighteenth century, a pump had come into use in which expanding steam raised a piston in a cylinder, and atmospheric pressure brought it down again when the steam condensed inside the cylinder to form a vacuum. This “atmospheric engine”, invented by Thomas Savery and vastly improved by his partner, Thomas Newcomen, embodied outside the coal mines for which it had been designed. In the 1760s, James Watt perfected a separate condenser for the steam, so that the cylinder did not have to be cooled at every stroke; then he devised a way to make the piston turn a wheel and thus convert reciprocating (back and forth) motion into rotary motion. He thereby transformed an inefficient pump of limited use into a steam engine of a thousand uses. The final step came when steam was introduced into the cylinder to drive the piston backward as well as forward, thereby increasing the speed of the engine and cutting its fuel consumption.Watt’s steam engine soon showed what it could do. It liberated industry from dependence on running water. The engine eliminated water in the mines by driving efficient pumps, which make possible deeper and deeper mining. The ready availability of coal inspired William Murdoch during the 1790s to develop the first new form of nighttime illumination to be discovered in a millennium and a half. Coal gas rivaled smoky oil lamps and flickering candles, and early in the new century, well-to-do Londoners grew accustomed to gas-lit houses and even streets. Iron manufacturers, which had starved for fuel while depending on charcoal, also benefited from ever-increasing supplies of coal: blast furnaces with steam-powered bellows turned out more iron and steel for the new machinery. Steam became the motive force of the industrial revolution as coal and iron ore were the raw materials. By 1800 more than a thousand steam engines were in use in the British Isles, and Britain retained a virtual monopoly engine production until the 1830s. Steam power did not merely spin cotton and roll iron; early in the new century, it also multiplied ten times over the amount of paper that a single worker could produce in a day. At the same time, operators of the first printing presses run by steam rather than by hand found it possible to produce a thousand pages in an hour rather than thirty. Steam also promised to eliminate a transportation problem not fully solved by either canal boats or turnpikes could cross the hills, but the roadbeds could not stand up under great weights. These problems needed still another solution, and the ingredients for it lay close at hand, in some industrial regions, heavily laden wagons, with flanged wheels, where being hauled by horses along metal rails; and the stationary steam engine was puffing in the factory and mine. Another generationpassed before inventors succeeded in combining these ingredients, by putting the engine on wheels and the wheels on the rails, so as to provide a machine to take the place of the horse. Thus the railroad age sprang from what had already happened in the eighteenth century.6. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the first passage?A. Running water was the best power source for factories since it could keep machines operating continuously, but since it was abundant only in Lancashire and Scotland, most mills and factories that were located elsewhere could not be water driven.B. The disadvantage of using waterpower is that streams do not necessarily flow in places that are the most suitable for factories, which explains why so many water-powered grain and textile mills were located in undesirable places.C. Since machines could be operated continuously only where running water was abundant, grain and textile mills, as well as other factories, tended to be located only in Lancashire and Scotland.D. Running water was the only source of power that was suitable for the continuous operation of machines, but to make use of it, factories had to be located where the water was, regardless of whether such locations made sense otherwise.7. According to paragraph 2, the “atmospheric engine” was slow because .A. it had been designed to be used in coal minesB. the cylinder had to cool between each strokeC. it made use of expanding steam to raise the piston in its cylinderD. it could be operated only when a large supply of fuel was available8. In paragraph 3, the author mentions William Murdoch’s invention of a new form of nighttime illumination in order to .A. indicate one of the important developments made possible by the introduction of Watt’s steam engineB. make the point that Watt’s steam engine was not the only invention of importance to the Industrial RevolutionC. illustrate how important coal was as a raw material for the Industrial RevolutionD. provide an example of another eighteenth-century invention that used steam as a power source9. According to paragraph 4, which of the following statements about steam engines is true?A. They were used for the production of paper but not for printing.B. By 1800, significant numbers of them were produced outside of Britain.C. They were used in factories before they were used to power trains.D. They were used in the construction of canals and turnpikes.10. According to paragraph 4, providing a machine to take the place of the horseinvolved combining which two previously ingredients?A. Turnpikes and canalsB. Stationary steam engines and wagons with flanged wheelsC. Metal rails in road beds and wagons capable of carrying heavy loadsD. Canal boats and heavily laden wagonsSection 2 Answering questions(20’)Directions: Read the following two passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answers on the answer sheet.Questions 1-3Americans today choose among more options in more parts of life than has ever been possible before. To an extent, the opportunity to choose enhances our lives. It is only logical to think that if some choices are good, more is better; people who care about having infinite options will benefit from them, and those who don’t can always just ignore the 273versions cereal they have never tried. Yet recent research strongly suggests that, psychological, this assumption is wrong, with 5% lower percentage announcing they are happy. Although some choices are undoubtedly better than none, more is not always better than less.Recent research offers insight into why many people end up unhappy rather than pleased when their options expand. We began by making a distinction between “maximisers” (those who always aim to make the best possible choice) and “satisfiers” ( those who aim for good enough whether or not better selection might be out there).In particular, we composed a set of statements---the Maximisation Scale---to diagnose people’s propensity to maximize. Then we had several thousand people rate themselves from 1 to 7 (from completely disagree to completely agree) on such statements as “I never settle for second best.”We also evaluated their sense of sat isfaction with their decisions. We didn’t define a sharp cutoff to separate maximisers from satisfiers, but in general, we think of individuals whose average scores are higher than 4 (the scale’s midpoint) as maximisers and those whose scores are lower than the midpoint as satisfiers. People who score highest on the test---the greatest maximisers---engage in more product comparisons than the lowest scorers, both before and after they make purchasing decisions, and they take longer to decide what to buy. When satisfiers find an item that meets their standards, they stop looking. But maximisers exert enormous effort reading labels, checking out consumer magazines and trying new products. They also spend more time comparing their purchasing decisions with those of others.We found that the greatest maximisers are the least happy with the fruits of their efforts. When they compare themselves with others, they get little pleasure from finding out that they did better and substantial dissatisfaction from finding out that they did worse. They are more prone to experiencing regret after a purchase, and if their acquisition disappoints them, their sense of well-being takes longerto recover. They also tend to brood or ruminate more than satisfiers do.Does it follow that maximisers are less happy in general than satisfiers? We tested this by having people fill out a variety of questionnaires known to be reliable indicators of well-being. As might be expected, individuals with high maximisation scores experienced less satisfaction with life and were less happy, less optimistic and more depressed than people with low maximization scores. Indeed, those with extreme maximization ratings had depression scores that placed them in the borderline of clinical range.Several factors explain why more choice is not always better than less, especially for maximisers. High among these are “opportunity costs.”The quality f any given option cannot be assessed in isolation from its alternatives. One of the “costs” of making a selection is losing the opportunities that a different option would have afforded. Thus an opportunity cost of vacationing on the beach in Cape Cod might be missing the fabulous restaurants in the Napa Valley. Early Decision Making Research by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky showed that people respond much more strongly to losses than gains. If we assume that opportunity costs reduce the overall desirability of the most preferred choice, then the more alternatives there are, the deeper our sense of loss will be and the less satisfaction we will derive from our ultimate decision.The problem of opportunity costs will be better for a satisfier. The latter’s “good enough” philosophy can survive thoughts about opportunity costs. In addition, the “good enough” standard lead s to much less searching and inspection of alternatives than the maximiser’s “best” standard. With fewer choices under consideration, a person will have fewer opportunity costs to subtract.Just as people feel sorrow about the opportunities they have forgone, they may also suffer regret about the option they settled on. My colleagues and I devised a scale to measure proneness to feeling regret, and we found that people with high sensitivity to regret are less happy, less satisfied with life, less optimistic and more depressed than those with low sensitivity. Not surprisingly, we also found that people with high regret sensitivity tend to be maximisers. Indeed, we think that worry over future regret is a major reason that individuals become maximisers. The only way to be sure you will not regret a decision is by making the best possible one. Unfortunately, the more options you have and the more opportunity costs you incur, the more likely you are to experience regret.In a classic demonstration of the power of sunk costs, people were offered season subscriptions to a local theatre company. Some were offered the tickets at full price and others at a discount. Then the researchers simply kept track of how often the ticket purchasers actually attended the plays over the course of the season. Full-price payers were more likely to show up at performances than discount payers. The reason for this, the investigators argued, was that the full-price payers would experience more regret if they didn’t use the tickets becau se not using the more costly tickets would constitute a bigger loss. To increase sense of happiness, we can decide to restrict our options when the decision is not crucial.1. What is the aim of the Maximisation Scale composed by the researchers? Who tend to be least happy when making choices?2. Why were the full-price ticket payers more likely to show up at the performances?3. According to the passage, what can be done to increase the sense of happiness when making a better choice?Questions 4-5The raging battle over SOPA and PIPA, the proposed anti-privacy laws, is looking more and more likely to end in favor of Internet freedom-but it won’t be the last battle of its kind. Although, ethereal as it is, the internet seems destined to survive in some form or another, experts warn that there are many threats to its status quo existence, and there is much about it that could be ruined or lost. Physical destructionA vast behemoth that can route around outages and self-heal, the Internet has grown physically invulnerable to destruction by bombs, fires or natural disasters---within countries, at least. It’s “very richly interconnected,” said David Clark, a computer scientist at MIT who was a leader in the development of the Internet in the 1970s. “You would have to work really hard to find a small number of places where you could seriously disrupt connectivity.”On 9/11, for example, the destruction of the major switching center in south Manhattan disrupted service locally. But service was restored about 15 mi nutes later when the center “healed” as the built-in protocols routed users and information around the outage. However, while it’s essentially impossible to cripple connectivity internally in a country, Clark said it is conceivable that one country could b lock another’s access to its share of the Internet cloud; this could be done by severing the actual cables that carry Internet data between the two countries. Thousands of miles of undersea fiber-optic cables that convey data from continent to continent rise out of the ocean in only a few dozen locations, branching out from those hubs to connect to millions of computers. But if someone were to blow up one of these hubs—the station in Miami, for example, which handles some 90 percent of the Internet traffic between North American and Latin America, the Internet connection between the two would be severely hampered until the infrastructure was repaired.Such a move would be “an act of cyber war,” Clark told Life’s Little Mysteries, a sister site to Livescience.content cacheEven an extreme disruption of international connectivity would not seriously threaten the survival of Web content itself. A “hard” copy of most data is stored in nonvolatile memory, which sticks around with or without power, and whether you have Internet access to it or not. Furthermore, according to William Lehr, an MIT economist who studies the economics and regulatory policy of the Internet-infrastructure industries, the corporate data centers that harbor Web content-everything from your enemies to this article have sophisticated ways to back up and diversely store the data, including simply storing copies in multiple。
2017年杭州师范大学845英语教学基础知识考研真题及详解一、选择题（共5小题，每题3分，共15分）1. Which of the following activities do not follow communicative principles in teaching reading?a. Reading for specific informationb. Informational gap activitiesc. Debate and interviewsd. Problem-solving activities【答案】a【解析】本题考查阅读教学。
以交际原则为导向的阅读教学包括信息差活动、讨论、辩论、访谈、解决问题的活动、以流利性为导向的游戏等。
reading for specific information不属于该范畴。
2. According to the degree of freedom, questions can be categorized into many different types. Which of the following categorized questions is true?a. Convergent questions often have no right or wrong answers.b. A divergent question is a question which is a real question and requires a single correct answer.c. Convergent questions are questions that elicit student responses that vary.d. A referential question is a question which asks for information which is notknown to the teacher.【答案】d【解析】本题考查对问题类型分类的理解。
杭州师范大学硕士研究生招生考试命题纸杭州师范大学2019年招收攻读硕士研究生考试题考试科目代码： 357考试科目名称：英语翻译基础说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
I. Directions: Translate the following English words, abbreviations or terminology into Chinese respectively. There are altogether 25 items in this part of the test with one point for each. (25 points)1.NASA2.CPI3.GNP4.ISO5.OEM6.CFO7.G.W.8.L/C9.CIA10.MIT11.BRICS Summit12.the most favored nation (MFN) status13.trade hegemony and bullyingprehensive strategic partnership of coordination15.Massive Ordnance Air Blast Bomb16.herd effects17.hung parliament18.King of Glory19.grey rhino20.white supremacy21.targeted RRR cut22.host of livestreaming sites23.retaliatory duty24.Bretton Woods system25.multi-party co-operation in exercising State powerⅡ. Directions: Translate the following Chinese words into English respectively. There are altogether 25 items in this part of the test with one point for each. (25 points)1.反倾销2019年考试科目代码 357 考试科目名称英语翻译基础（本考试科目共 3页，第1 页）。
2018年杭州师范大学845英语教学基础知识考研真题及详解一、判断题（每题2分，共20分）1. Transferring the information from the news report into a chart is a communicative activity.【答案】F【解析】本题考查的是对交际活动的理解。
将新闻报告绘制成图表属于任务型教学内容，不符合交际活动的特点。
因此该表述有误。
2. Asking questions to individual students is better than asking to a whole class, because we can get personalized answers.【答案】F【解析】本题考查课堂提问技巧。
对全班整体提问会埋没个别学生的答案，而对个别学生进行提问会占用较多的课堂时间。
因此，两种提问方式不存在孰优孰劣。
因此该表述有误。
3. Reading aloud and silent reading are two different types of reading practice. 【答案】T【解析】本题考查阅读练习的类型。
大声朗读和默读是阅读练习的两种不同类型。
因此该表述正确。
4. Based on formative assessment, we will be able to form a sound basis forchecking learning and teaching.【答案】T【解析】本题考查形成性评价对教与学的影响。
形成性评价为学生在学习过程中提供更多的学习信息，更有助于教师根据学生的需求调整教学，根据学生学习的程度进行教学。
因此该表述正确。
5. While integrating the four skills can help the development of students’ communicative competence, a separate focus on individual aspects of vocabulary, grammar and skills can be overlooked.【答案】F【解析】本题考查对整合四项技能的认识。
2018年杭州师范大学845英语教学基础知识考研真题(总分：150.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、判断题(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.Transferring the information from the news report into a chart is a communicative activity.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误√解析：本题考查的是对交际活动的理解。
将新闻报告绘制成图表属于任务型教学内容，不符合交际活动的特点。
因此该表述有误。
2.Asking questions to individual students is better than asking to a whole class, because we can get personalized answers.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误√解析：本题考查课堂提问技巧。
对全班整体提问会埋没个别学生的答案，而对个别学生进行提问会占用较多的课堂时间。
因此，两种提问方式不存在孰优孰劣。
因此该表述有误。
3.Reading aloud and silent reading are two different types of reading practice.（分数：2.00）A.正确√B.错误解析：本题考查阅读练习的类型。
大声朗读和默读是阅读练习的两种不同类型。
因此该表述正确。
4.Based on formative assessment, we will be able to form a sound basis for checking learning and teaching.（分数：2.00）A.正确√B.错误解析：本题考查形成性评价对教与学的影响。
形成性评价为学生在学习过程中提供更多的学习信息，更有助于教师根据学生的需求调整教学，根据学生学习的程度进行教学。
因此该表述正确。
5.While integrating the four skills can help the development of students, communicative competence,a separate focus on individual aspects of vocabulary, grammar and skills can be overlooked.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误√解析：本题考查对整合四项技能的认识。
杭州师范大学2014年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题考试科目代码：718考试科目名称：综合英语说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
I. Cloze（每小题1分，共30分）Directions: Fill in the blanks with proper words (the first letter is given).Every day we experience one of the wonders of the world around us, without even realizing it. It is not the amazing complexity of television, nor the impressive technology of automated transport. They are indeed (1) w________ which we often take for (2) g________. No. The universal wonder we share and experience is our (3) a________ to make noises with our mouths, and so (4) t__________ ideas and thoughts to each other’s minds. In other words, that wonder is our ability to fashion (5) l________. This ability comes so naturally we are apt to forget what a miracle (6) i________ is.Obviously, the ability to (7) t________ is something that marks humans off from (8) a________. Of course, some animals have powers just as amazing. Bats home in on flying insects that are their food by (9) m________ of a sophisticated sound system. Birds can (10) n________ thousands of miles by observing positions of the stars in the (11) s________ in relation to the time of day and year. In Nature’s talent show, humans are a species of animals that have (12) d________ their own special act. If we reduce it to basic terms, it is a knack for communicating (13) i________ to others, by varying (14) s________ we make as we breathe out.Not that we do not have other powers of communication. Out facial (15) e________ convey our emotions, such as anger, or joy, or disappointment. The way wehold our heads can (16) i________ to others (17) w________ we are happy or downcast. This is so-called “(18) b________ language”, and to some (19) e________ we are no different from other animals in this (20) r________. Bristling fur is an unmistakable warning of aggression among many (21) c________. Similarly, the bowed head or drooping tail shows a readiness to (22) t________ second place in any animal gathering.Such a means of (23) c________ is a basic mechanism that animals, including human beings, (24) i________ acquire and display. Is the ability to speak just another sort of instinct? If so, how did human beings (25) a________ this amazing skill? Biologists can readily indicate that particular area of our (26) b________ where speech mechanisms (27) f________, but this doesn’t tell us how that (28) p________ of our bodies originated in our biological history. It is (29) t________ to think that for our human ancestors acquiring the power of speech was all a (30) m________ of competition.II. Reading Comprehension (每小题2分，共60分)Directions:There are 6 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:One of the first men to make a commercial success of food conservation was Henry John Heinz. In 1869 he founded a company in Pittsburgh, USA. Like other Americans of his generation, Heinz made his name a household word throughout the western world. At last, man seems to have discovered how to preserve food without considerably altering its taste. The tins of food (Heinz tins!) which Captain Scott abandoned in the Antarctic were opened 47 years after his death, and the contents were not only edible, but pleasant.The main argument against conserved foods is not that the canning of food makes it taste different; rather, people complain that the recipes which the canning chefs dream up are tedious or tasteless. But any recipe is tedious or tasteless if it is eaten in great quantities. And a company like Heinz can only produce something if it is going to be eaten in great quantities. The tomato is very pleasant to eat when it is freshly picked.A regular diet of tomatoes alone could well prove tedious. The canning companies try to cook the tomato in as many ways as possible. The Heinz factories in Britain use millions and millions of tomatoes every year.There are many people who do not like to eat food out of season. They like their food to be fresh, and they like to cook it themselves in “the old-fashioned way”. It is very difficult for modern man to realize what it is like to live without the advantages of pre-packaged and canned food. European society in its present form could not cope without modern methods of food processing. Imagine your local supermarket without all the cans of pre-packaged foods. The supermarket would turn into a chaos of rotten vegetables, stale bread and unhealthy meat. The health problems would be insurmountable, unless we all went into the country to support ourselves.So next time you reject canned food as being tasteless or unimaginative, remember that you can only afford to eat fresh food because canned food exists.1. In which way was Henry John Heinz successful?[A] He achieved a commercial success of food preservation.[B] He sold his home-made food to Captain Scott.[C] Divisions of his company were extended throughout the world.[D] He sailed around the world and reached the Antarctic.2. The main disadvantage of conserved food is __________.[A] the alteration in taste[B] the relatively high price[C] the mass-production[D] the tedious or tasteless recipes3. Why do some people especially dislike canned food?[A] They know how to preserve food in their own way.[B] They like food freshly picked.[C] They dislike foods that are made to a traditional recipe.[D] They do not like canning chefs.4. What would happen if there were no canned food?[A] The modern society would not function properly.[B] Health problems would never be solved.[C] People would have no food supply and starve to death.[D] Foods in the supermarket would become stale.5. What is the writer’s attitude toward canned food?[A] Approving.[B] Negative.[C] Indifferent.[D] Neutral.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:To understand why the current process for training teachers is so broken, let’s use a business example. Imagine two companies. Company A hires the best people it can. Those who are hired are paid and promoted based on performance. This is not easy, as it’s often hard to determine who is really doing a good job. The compensation and promotion process is prone to politics and personal preferences.Still, most people at Company A recognize that there is a connection between pay and productivity. The true superstars get recognized eventually. Those who come to work but never contribute are fired eventually.Company B also seeks to hire the best people it can. First, all prospective employees must undertake two years of full-time specialized training, at their own expense, just to be considered for a job. Study after study has shown that this training has zero connection to subsequent performance at the firm, but Company B sticks to this screening mechanism anyway.Second, all employees eventually hired by Company B are paid based on their years of experience at the firm. Finally, Company B promises that no one who has worked at the company for three years or more will ever be fired, even if their performance is mediocre or poor.In Company B, employees who come to work and don’t actually work may get fired. The superstars get nothing extra. They aren’t paid more or promoted faster, since pay is strictly tied to years on the job.As you may have guessed, Company B is public education. Company A is the rest of the economy. That’s not news. Much has been written about the broken incentives within education. But this discussion almost always focuses on how compensation practices affect the incentives of existing teachers.That makes sense—but it also misses a crucial point. The worst aspect of thepublic education pay structure is that it discourages motivated, productive, energetic people from entering the profession in the first place.What’s more, despite a steady flow of evidence that our current teacher training requirements have essentially no correlation with performance in the classroom, most states continue to insist that prospective teachers undertake expensive and time-consuming courses. That, too, is a huge deterrent for bright young people who might otherwise be attracted to teaching.6. Which of the following is TRUE about Company A?[A] Those who contribute a lot will hardly be recognized.[B] Employees get promoted according to their performance.[C] Politics and preferences play decisive roles in one’s promotion.[D] Those who work poorly will continue to stay in the company.7. Employees of Company B will __________.[A] work at least three years for the company[B] take specialized training at their own expenses[C] try to have the best performance to be promoted[D] get paid according to the years they work for the company8. What does the “this screening mechanism” (Para. 3) refer to?[A] Whether the prospective employees have the best performance.[B] Whether the prospective employees have the best qualifications.[C] Whether the prospective employees are hard working or not.[D] Whether the prospective employees have taken a specialized training.9. What does the author think about the current process for training teachers?[A] It affects the behavior of teachers.[B] It provides fewer chances for talented people.[C] It makes bright young people unwilling to be a teacher.[D] It has great influence on the subsequent performance of teachers.10. The word “deterrent” (Para. 8) most probably means __________.[A] threat[B] decision[C] condition[D] discouragement杭州师范大学2016年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题考试科目代码：724考试科目名称：综合英语说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
