非谓语动词的解题思路
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1 非谓语动词语法讲解
一、非谓语动词的概念
动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了,要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
非谓语形式有三种:1、动词不定式:to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、 动词的过去分词:done
★不定式:表示目的和将来;
动词的ing:表示主动和进行;
过去分词:表示被动和完成。
二、非谓语动词的时态和语态
一般式 完成式 进行式
不定式 主动 to do to have done to be doing
被动 to be done to have been done
ing 形式 主动 doing having done
被动 being done having been done
过去分词 被动 done
三.非谓语动词的句法功能:
(一)动词不定式:to+do
1.不定式的否定式:not + to do
(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生
I'm glad to meet you.
He seems to know a lot.
(2)进行式:不定式的动作正在发生
The boy pretended to be working hard.
He seems to be reading in his room.
(3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前
I regretted to have told a lie. 2 I happened to have seen the film.
2.不定式的句法功能:
(1)作主语:
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
★动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
非谓语动词专项练习
1. There ______ no classes yesterday, we paid a visit to the Great Wall.
A. was B. being C. were D. had been
2. The policeman rushed into the room only ______ an old lady lying on the ground.
A. found B. find C. finding D. to find
3. The boy lay on the ground, his eyes ______ and his hands ______.
A. closing; trembling B. closed; trembling
C. closed; trembled D. closing; trembled
4.______, the girls raced on to the second runners.
A. Stick in hand B. With a stick in her hand
C. Sticks in hand D. Sticks in hands
5. Each of them got up early ______ to catch the early bus.
A. to hope B. hoping C. so that D. and
6. How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!
A. hearing B. heard C. hear D. to hear
非谓语动词
非谓语动词: 1动词不定式 2动名词 3分词( 现在分词;过去分词)
概述:
1.谓语动词:在句子中担任谓语的动词
2.非谓语动词:是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分。它们不受主语人称和数的限制,在句子中不能充当谓语,但可以充当句子的其他成分,并且有时态和语态的变化。
非谓语动词使用条件
一个句子当中,已经存在一个主句(谓语动词),又没有连词的情况下,
还有别的动词出现时。
She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.
She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.
动词不定式
一.动词不定式的时态和被动形式
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种:
1. 一般式to do 例如:I like to read English.
2. 进行式to be doing 例如:He seemed to be reading something at that time.
3. 完成式to have done 例如:He seemed to have cleaned the room.
4. 被动式to be done 例如:The work is to be done soon.
5. 完成被动式to have been done
例如:The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.
二. 动词不定式的用法
I.作主语
(1)不定式做主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词之前。
To see is to believe. Not to get there in time is your fault.
(2)注:常用it做形式主语,将to do放在位于之后,使句子保持平衡。
龙源期刊网
非谓语动词解题三步走
作者:王正勋
来源:《高中生·高考指导》2015年第10期
第一步:确定是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。
一般来讲,一个句子只有一个谓语动词。如果是两个谓语动词并列,要有连词连接;如果没有连词,其中一个要用非谓语动词。如果是三个或三个以上谓语动词并列时,前面几个谓语动词要用逗号分开,最后两个常用and等连词连接,此时的谓语动词所表示的动作常先后接连发生。否则要根据具体情况,分析动词之间的关系,确定非谓语动词的形式。如果and等连词不是放在最后两个动词之间,要分析各个动词的关系,确定哪些是用作谓语动词,哪些是用作非谓语动词,再分析动词之间的关系,确定非谓语动词的形式。
例1 A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.
解析:答案为将telling改为told。分析句子结构可知,tell与saw是并列关系,and前后的谓语动词时态要一致,因此将telling改为told。
例2 The old woman carefully sorted out the eggs,_____(put)them in the basket and headed
for the market.
解析:答案为putting。分析句子结构可知,put动作应该与sort out动作同时发生,虽然三个动词中最后两个用and连接,但三个动词并不是接连发生,因此put不能用作谓语动词,而用现在分词充当伴随状语。
第二步:根据非谓语动词发生时间和谓语动词的时间关系确定非谓语动词的时态,根据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系确定非谓语动词的语态。
1. 若所表示的动作与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生,或是在它之后发生,则用to