人教版高中英语必修4 五个单元语法知识汇总
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人教版选择性必修第四册重点语法汇总Unit 1 science fiction ........................................................................ - 1 - unit 2 Iconic attractions .................................................................... - 9 - Unit 3 Sea Exploration .................................................................... - 17 - Unit 4 Sharing ................................................................................. - 24 - Unit 5 Launching Your Career ......................................................... - 31 -Unit 1 science fiction被动语态英语中有两种语态,一种是主动语态,一种是被动语态。
如果主语是动作的执行者,或者动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,则用被动语态。
[观察例句]1.It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife,Claire.2.All the work has been finished by now.3.Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human,and it was disturbing.4.You are invited to make a speech in our school.5.Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed.[归纳用法]1.例句1中的黑体词部分为过去将来时的被动形式,其构成是was/were going to+be+done。
人教版高中英语必修4重点词汇、短语、句型、语法大全Unit1 Women of achievement【重点词汇、短语】1. human beings 人类2. campaign 运动,战役3. behave 行为4. shade 阴凉处5. move off 离开,启程6. observe 观察7. respect 尊重8. argue 讨论,辩论9. lead a...life 过着…的生活10. crowd in 涌入脑海11. support 支持12. look down upon/on 看不起13. refer to 查阅,参考,涉及14. by chance 碰巧15. come across 偶遇16. intend 计划,打算17. deliver 提送,生(小孩),接生,发表(演说)18. carry on 继续,坚持【重点句型】1. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system.她还发现了黑猩猩之间是如何交流的,而她对黑猩猩身势语的研究帮助她弄清楚了黑猩猩的社会体系。
△work out 解决、解答、计算出;产生结果、发展;锻炼;作出、制订出2. She is leading a busy life but she says …她过着忙碌的生活,但是她说……△lead a …life = live a …life 过……的生活3. Many people look down upon poor people. 很多人瞧不起穷人。
△ look down upon / on 蔑视;轻视;瞧不起You mustn’t look down upon/ on the disabled.你绝不能瞧不起残疾人。
必修4重点语法汇总Unit1主谓一致是指主语和谓语要保持人称和数的一致,英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
这三个原则常常发生矛盾,但当发生冲突时,意义一致原则为优先考虑的原则。
Unit2动词的-ing形式由“动词原形+ing形式”构成,它既是现在分词形式,也是动名词形式。
v-ing能在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语,但不能单独作谓语。
其时态和语态的变化为二、动词v-ing形式作主语v-ing形式作主语时,通常表示一般的或抽象的多次行为。
1.v-ing形式直接作主语。
E.g. Smoking is harmful to your health.吸烟有害健康。
E.g. Being fit helps you to stay focused on your lessons.保持健康有助于你集中精力学习。
2.有时为了避免句子主语过于冗长,通常用it代替v.-ing作形式主语。
E.g.It's no use advising him.劝他没用。
E.g. It's useless taking this kind of medicine吃这种药没用。
It’s fun being an actor.当个演员是有趣的。
三、v.ing形式作宾语1.能接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词有advise,avoid,appreciate,consider,delay,deny,dislike,enjoy,escape,finish,forget,keep,imagine,stop,mind,miss,mention,practise,begin,start,like,hate,remember,regret,require,resist,suggest等。
E.g. The master keeps thinking about it.主人不停地想这件事。
高中必修一到必修五主要语法点必修一:直接引语和间接引语(宾语从句);现在进行时表将来;定语从句必修二:定语从句(非限定定从、定从中的介词前提);被动语态(一般将来时、现在完成时及现在进行时的被动语态) 必修三:情态动词;名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句)必修四:主谓一致;非谓语动词(V-ing) ;构词法必修2 第一单元,非限制性定语从句的第二单元一般将来时的主被动第三单元现在完成时的主被动第四单元现在进行时的主被动第五单元介词+which/whom的用法必修3 一二单元情态动词的用法三单元宾语从句和表语从句四单元主语从句五单元同位语从句必修4 第一单元主谓一致第二单v-ing作主语和宾语的用法第三单元v-ing作表语,定语和宾语补足语第四单元v-ing作状语第五单元构词法必修5 第一单元过去分词作定语和表语第二单元过去分词作宾语补足语第三单元过去分词作状语第四单元倒装句第五单元省略句必修一各单元知识点总结Unit One Friendship一、重点短语1.go through 经历,经受get through 通过;完成;接通电话2. set down 记下,放下3. a series of 一系列4 on purpose 有目的的5. in order to 为了6. at dusk 傍晚,黄昏时刻7. face to face 面对面8. fall in love 爱上9. join in 参加(某个活动);take part in 参加(活动)join 加入(组织,团队,并成为其中一员)10. calm down 冷静下来11. suffer from 遭受12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦13. be concerned about 关心14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅长于…16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…18. too much 太多(后接不可数n.)much too 太…(后接adj.)19. not…until 直到…才20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为…make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事二、语法----直接引语和间接引语概念:直接引语:直接引述别人的原话。
Unit1 主谓一致Subject—Verb Agreement概念引入:I am a teacherShe often does her homework in the morning.There is only one box on the table.There are 50 students in our class.语法讲解:【直接引语和间接引语 P1】什么是主谓一致?1)语法形式上要一致,即主语单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2)意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
一般来说,不可数名词与可数名词单数用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。
在英语的句子中,谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。
如何判定,则要看句子的意思。
多数情况下,根据句子的主语形式就能判定,但有的则要看整句的意思,及强调的内容。
下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。
比如: He are a teacher. I is a student.一、语法一致原则1、单数主语,不定式,动名词或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数A student is studying English.Serving the people is my great happiness.When we deliver the goods hasn't been decided.When and where we will go hasn't been decided.但当what引导的句子做主语,若后面是“be +名词”的结构时,谓语随名词变化。
What you did is right. What you need are these dictionaries.2、复数名词/代词作主语,谓语动词一般用复数形式All the students _____clever. (are)They _____English very much. (like)3、用and或both…and 连接的单数名词、代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语及主语从句作主语谓语动词用复数形式。
高中英语必修四语法(人教版)-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1I 主语和谓语动词的一致1主语要和谓语动词保持人称和数的一致。
如:I am seventeen.She is sixteen.There is a desk in the room. There are no chairs in it.They have not come yet.Nobody knows who is going to win in the competition.What is the latest news about the Olympic Games?2两个名词由and连接作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。
如:Wang Gang and Zhang Hua were here a moment ago.My brother and I have both seen the film.Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.说明(1) 当and不表示并列意义,连接两个在意义上表示同一人、物或概念或由两个部件配成的物品时,谓语动词用单数。
如:The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.那位教授作家正在会上发言。
One more knife and fork is needed.还需要一副刀叉。
War and peace is a constant theme in history.战争与和平是历史永恒的主题。
(2) 两个并列的名词有each, every, many a等修饰语时,谓语动词一般用单数。
如:Each doctor and (each) nurse / Every doctor and (every) nur se was given a new shirt.每个大夫和护士都发了一件新衬衫。
高中英语必修四语法知识点总结高中英语必修四知识点总结第一单元1)achieve表示“完成,到达”。
区别achieve,reach,gain:achieve着重表示达到一定目的的过程中所需要的技能,耐性和努力。
reach指达到任何目标、目的或指达到发展过程中的某个阶段。
gain强调经过奋斗才达到所期望的目标、优势或者有利地位。
2)condition表示“条件”,condition为单数时,表示人/物所处的“状态”。
conditions(复数)指一般情况,环境。
in good/poor condition状况好/不好。
out of condition状况不好。
on condition that在……条件下,假使。
on no condition决不。
3)connection表示“连接,关系”。
connections亲戚。
in connection with与……有关。
4)behave表示“举止,举动,行为表现”。
behave oneself表现良好,行为良好。
behave as起……作用,表现为……。
5)worthwhile表示“值得做的,值得出力的”。
句型It is worhtwhile doing/to do sth“干……是值得的”。
6)observe表示“观察,注意”,可接省略to的不定式的复合结构,当observe用被动语态时,其后的不定式应回复to。
observe后也可接由现在分词构成的复合结构。
后接that从句,表示“注意到,说”。
observe还可以表示“遵守,庆祝”。
7)respect作动词,后直接跟宾语。
respect oneself自重,自尊。
作名词,表示“尊重,尊敬”。
have/show respect for意为“对……尊重/尊敬”。
have respect to注意,考虑。
表示“敬意,问候”时,用复数形式,常与give,send,pay连用。
in respect of sth就某方面而言。
人教版高中高一英语必修4(四)各单元重点知识点归纳Unit1 Women of achievement重要词汇拓展1 welfare n 福利事业,福利2 achievement n.成就,功绩→achieve v.达到,完成,实现3. specialist n.专家,专业工作者→special adj.特殊的,专门的→specialize vi.专攻,专门从事4. project n.方案, 计划,, 设计,工程, 企业, 事业,科研项目; 课外自修项目vi. ①伸出, 突出②设想自已处身于(into)5. connection n.连接,关系→connect v.连接6. condition n. 状况(不可数),条件(可数),环境(复数)on no condition 决不anization n.组织,机构,团体organize—vt.组织;筹备, 成立; 使加入工会,使有条理8.behave v.举止,表现→behavior n.行为,举止9. shade n.阴凉处v.遮住光线10.▲ worthwhile adj.值得的,值得做的It is worthwhile doing sth./ to do sth.worth adj.值……,值得……be worth doingworthy adj.值得做的,可尊敬的be worthy of sth/ being done be worthy to be done11. observe v.观察,观测,遵守→observation n.观察,观测12. respect v./n.尊敬,尊重,敬意→respectable adj.值得尊敬的,正派的,体面地→respectful adj.有礼貌的,恭敬的13. argue .v.争论,辩论→argument n.争论,辩论argued-adj 引起争论的14.entertainment-n 款待,娱乐entertain-v 款待;招待,娱乐,抱有,怀着(想法、疑问)15. crowd n.人群,观众v.挤满,使拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的16. inspire v.鼓舞,激发→inspired adj.受到鼓舞的,有灵感的→inspiring adj.鼓舞人的→inspiration n.鼓舞,灵感17 support v.支持,拥护→supporter n.支持者,拥护者18.refer-vi 谈到,查阅,参考19.intend v.计划,打算→intention n.打算,目的,意图20.considerate adj.考虑周到的→consider v.考虑,认为→consideration n考虑,体谅→considering prep考虑到21.kind adj 仁慈的,和善的,友爱的kindness –n 仁慈,好意,善良22.deliver v.递送,生(小孩),接生,发表(演讲等)→delivery n.投递,交货,分娩23.modest adj 谦虚的,谦让的,适度的重点短语梳理1 devote…to (doing) sth.把…奉献给devote oneself to致力于,献身于be devoted to专心致志于2 human beings 人类3 move off 离开,启程,出发4 lead a…life 过着……的生活5 crowd in 涌上心头,涌入脑海6 look down on/ upon 蔑视,瞧不起7 refer to 查阅,参考,谈到(其中,to为介词)8 by chance 碰巧,凑巧9. come across 偶遇,碰见10. carry on 继续,坚持carry out 实行,执行,完成11. be dressed in 穿着… dress as 打扮成…12.fight for 为….而战fight against 与…战斗13.put to death判死刑14. con cern oneself with…关注… 注意…15.intend to do sth./ doing sth. 打算做某事16. in the shade of 在…的树荫下,在…的庇护下17.gain doctor’s degree 获得博士学位18. be considered as 被看做….19.take turns to do sth 采取步骤做某事20.do research on… 做…方面的研究21.mean to do 打算做某事mean doing 意味着22. by now 直到现在重点句型再现1 She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. 她花去多年的时间观察和记录它们的日常活动。
Unit1 主谓一致Subject—Verb Agreement概念引入:I am a teacherShe often does her homework in the morning.There is only one box on the table.There are 50 students in our class.语法讲解:【直接引语和间接引语 P1】什么是主谓一致?1)语法形式上要一致,即主语单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2)意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
一般来说,不可数名词与可数名词单数用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。
在英语的句子中,谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。
如何判定,则要看句子的意思。
多数情况下,根据句子的主语形式就能判定,但有的则要看整句的意思,及强调的内容。
下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。
比如: He are a teacher. I is a student.一、语法一致原则1、单数主语,不定式,动名词或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数A student is studying English.Serving the people is my great happiness.When we deliver the goods hasn't been decided.When and where we will go hasn't been decided.但当what引导的句子做主语,若后面是“be +名词”的结构时,谓语随名词变化。
What you did is right. What you need are these dictionaries.2、复数名词/代词作主语,谓语动词一般用复数形式All the students _____clever. (are)They _____English very much. (like)3、用and或both…and 连接的单数名词、代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语及主语从句作主语谓语动词用复数形式。
① Both my father and my mother ____farmers. (are)②What I think and what I do ___been fairly in disagreement. (have)注意:(1)当and连接的并列单数名词前有each,every, no或者many a 等限定词时,谓语动词通常用单数。
Each student and each teacher __been given a task. (has)Every flower and every bush ___to be cut down. (is)(2)当主语由and连结时,如果表示同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,此时and后面的名词无冠词。
The worker and writer ____(be) from Wuhan. (is)The worker and the writer _____(be) from Beijing. (are)4、不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing 等作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;Something ____ (has / have) gone wrong with my watch. (has)Anybody who _______ ( break / breaks) the rule will be punished. (breaks)5、 each of…/either of…./one of…谓语动词用单数.none of…/neither of…可单可复,根据说话人的意思决定;*但代表不可数名词时,用单数1) Each of the students ___a book.(has)2) None of us _____perfect. (are,is)3) Neither of them _______the answer.(know/knows)4) None of this ______me. (worries) None of this money ____mine. (is)*neither作形容词时与单数名词连用,谓语动词用单数。
Neither statement _______true. (was)6、“many a +单数名词more than one+单数名词one and a half +复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数1.) many a foreigner___ been to the Great Wall. (has)2.)More than one student___ turned up at the meeting. (was)3.) One and a half bananas ___eaten by the boy. (was)7. Some /a lot of /half of…./the rest of…../part of…/plenty of…/分数(%)+of…the majority of + 名词”等作主语,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词或代词的单复数形式。
① Two-thirds of the students ____from countryside. (come)② Ninety percent of the work ___ been done. (has)8. 定语从句中的主谓一致。
(1)与先行词一致。
定语从句中主语是关系代词who, that, which 时,从句谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。
I, who ___your teacher, will share happiness and sorrow with you.(am)(2) which/as代替一句话内容,谓语动词用单数As ___known, I am beautiful. (is)(3) one of +复数名词 + 定语从句,从句中的谓语用复数形式; the only/exact one of+复数名词 + 定语从句,从句中的谓语用单数形式。
Tom is one of the students who__ good at playing football. (are)Tom is the only one of the students who___ good at playing football. (is)二、意义一致原则:9. 集体名词family, audience, crew, club, class, company, committee, party, crowd group, army, government, the public等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语用单数形式;如果指集体中的各个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。
The group ____ made up of nine students. (is)The group____ dancing happily. (are)注意1:集合名词cattle, clothes, people, the police表示复数意义谓语动词永远复数.people 民族(可数名词,peoples) The Chinese people __a brave people (is)Chinese people___ making our country richer and richer. (are)2. PopulationThe population of China ______over 1.3 billion and 80% of the population______ farmers (is, are)10.表示时间、距离、金钱,度量衡等复数名词作主语,表达一个整体概念时,谓语动词则用单数形式Two years ______ passed since I left Ningbo(has)One million dollars ______ a great sum of money. (is)11.有些名词如:fish, deer, sheep, means, works, species, 等用作单数或复数均可,谓语动词随其含义而定。
①This glass works ____built in 1978. (is)②Two steel works___ east of the city. (are)③Every means____ been tried. (has)④Many species ____ died out. (have)12.学科名词,或以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语时,如physics, mathematics, mechanics, optics, acoustics, politics. statistics, economics, linguistics, athletics等, 谓语动词通常用作单数。
Physics __a fundamental subject in science. (is)13.成双成对出现的复数名词如glasses, shoes, trousers, pants, gloves, socks, slippers, scissors等作主语时,谓语通常用复数,*但如果前有a/the pair of, a/the suit of等词语修饰时,谓语动词与pair, suit等一致,用单数1) My trousers _____very nice. (are)2)A pair of shoes_______under the bed. (is)14.主语是疑问代词who, what, which,不定代词all, more, most, any, none等以及名词half, part, the rest等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义,其谓语视它们所代指的名词而定。
1.)Which __more valuable, health or wealth? (is)2.)Which__ prettier, these or those? (are)3.) we had some paper, but the rest __put back. (was)15.the+adj.作主语,the+adj.,表示一类人,谓语动词用复数,如the old, the young, the rich, the poor等,the+ adj.,表示某个人或一类抽象的事物,谓语动词用单数,如the beautiful, the good等The old ____ taken good care of in our society. (are)The rich ____ for the decision but the poor _against it. (was)The wounded ____ a young boy. (was)The beautiful ____not always the same as the good. (is)16. a/this/that + kind of +名词(单数或复数)作主语时,谓语动词用单数;如果主语是kinds(types) of+名词或复数名词of+ a ( this, that)kind时,谓语动词用复数形式。